Characteristics of medication advertisements found in US women's fashion magazines

The Effect of COVID-19 on hotel booking intentions: Investigating the roles of message appeal type and brand loyalty

The unprecedented global health concerns pertaining to COVID-19 have impacted the hotel industry. In order to ameliorate such concerns, hotels are sending out marketing communication messages. However, whether the messages effectively impact hotel consumers' behaviors is still unknown. To fill this research gap, this study empirically tested the effect that the perceived severity of COVID-19 (PSC) has on hotel booking intentions as well as the roles of message appeal type (rational vs. emotional) and brand loyalty. The data was collected using a scenario-based online survey (n = 311) and analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. The rational appeal type had a greater positive influence on hotel booking intentions, which suggests that it is preferable for COVID-19 related messages. The results also indicated that PSC had a negative influence on booking intentions for the low loyalty group, and brand loyalty still played a key role even amidst the COVID-19 crisis.

Direct-To-Consumer Advertising of Over-the-Counter Sinonasal Remedies: A History of Mixed Messages

Sinus, cold, and allergy remedies comprise the most widely used sector of the over-the-counter (OTC) drug market. Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceutical products has increased over the past 30 years, including the promotion of OTC drugs. The influence of DTCA on OTC sinonasal remedies comprises several positive and negative effects. Favorable aspects of this influence include empowerment and promotion of autonomy among patients, avoidance of low-value clinical encounters, self-directed education, and decreased healthcare expenditures. This is balanced by potential concerns, including the lack of rigorous regulation of OTC drugs, the burden of self-diagnosis, the risk of unsupervised use resulting in adverse effects or drug interactions, and redistribution of pharmacy costs to the consumer. Despite the proliferation of product options and consumer-directed information, healthcare utilization and cost of treating sinonasal disease remains high. Moreover, the availability of OTC sinonasal remedies and exposure to DTCA has had mixed effects without apparent overall benefit to patient and consumer health. Laryngoscope, 130:2114-2119, 2020.

The Use of Traditional Media for Public Communication about Medicines: A Systematic Review of Characteristics and Outcomes

A systematic review was conducted to identify, appraise, and synthesize data from original research investigating the use of traditional media for public communication about medicines. Databases were searched for studies conducting quantitative or qualitative analyses between the years 2007 and 2017. Data extraction and assessment of the quality of the resulting studies was conducted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. A total of 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped as follows: "newspapers and other print media" (n = 42), "television" (n = 9), and "radio and a combination of media" (n = 6). Content analysis (n = 34) was the most frequent research design, followed by surveys or interviews (n = 14) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 9). Advertising, public awareness, and health administration were the most common themes, and the medicines most analyzed were vaccines, particularly human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza. Studies conducted in the United States were the most frequent, followed by other high-income countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom. The lack of consistent studies of the effects of media campaigns stresses the importance of the use of standardized research methodologies. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for further research are discussed.