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Conde-Ripoll R, Escudero-Tena A, Bustamante-Sánchez Á. Position and ranking influence in padel: somatic anxiety and self-confidence increase in competition for left-side and higher-ranked players when compared to pressure training. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1393963. [PMID: 38638508 PMCID: PMC11024311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1393963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the differences in the precompetitive anxiety and self-confidence according to the side of play, the ranking and the match outcome, under different competitive scenarios, in high level men's padel players from Finland who trained under pressure prior to the competition. 10 men's padel players (28.60 (4.17) years old) from the highest category participated in the research. The CSAI-2R (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised) and STAI-S (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State) questionnaires were used and descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed, including Mann-Whitney's U tests. The findings illuminate that, across the player spectrum, somatic anxiety and self-confidence levels are higher before competition compared to training matches. This trend holds true for left-side, higher-ranked and match winning players. Even lower-ranked players exhibit heightened self-confidence preceding competitions. These insights offer valuable considerations for players, coaches, and sports psychologists, fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between pressure training, competition, and the athlete's psychological landscape.
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Grainger A, Comfort P, Twist C, Heffernan SM, Tarantino G. Real-World Fatigue Testing in Professional Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:855-874. [PMID: 38114782 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional rugby union is a high-intensity contact sport with position-specific high training and match volumes across a season that may lead to periods of fatigue if above a typically experienced threshold. This study assesses the influence of match play and/or training on fatigue levels in rugby union players. OBJECTIVE We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures used to assess fatigue status in male professional rugby union players. METHODS Using electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE), a systematic review of fatigue testing in rugby union was conducted on (1) neuromuscular, (2) subjective self-report, (3) biochemical, and (4) heart rate-derived measures. RESULTS Thirty-seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which 14 were further included in a meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis revealed small, yet not significant, decreases in countermovement jump height immediately after (effect size [ES] = - 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.64 to 0.06), 24 h (ES = - 0.43; 95% CI - 3.99 to 3.21), and 48 h (ES = - 0.22; 95% CI - 0.47 to 0.02) after exposure to rugby union match play or training. Reported wellness (ES = - 0.33; 95% CI - 1.70 to 1.04) and tiredness (ES = - 0.14; 95% CI - 1.30 to 1.03) declined over a period of a few weeks (however, the results were not-statistically significant), meanwhile muscle soreness increased (ES = 0.91; 95% CI 0.06 to 1.75) within the 96 h after the exposure to rugby union match play or training. Finally, while cortisol levels (ES = 1.87; 95% CI - 1.54 to 5.29) increased, testosterone declined (ES = - 1.54; 95% CI - 7.16 to 4.08) within the 24 h after the exposure. However, these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Subjective measures of muscle soreness can be used to assess fatigue after match play and training in rugby union players. Within-study and between-study variability for countermovement jump height, biochemical markers, and heart rate-derived measures means the utility (practical application) of these measures to assess fatigue in professional rugby union players after matches and training is unclear. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID: CRD42020216706.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grainger
- Kitman Labs, Dublin, Ireland.
- Institute of Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paul Comfort
- University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Craig Twist
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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3
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Matsuura Y, Ochi G. The Potential of Heart Rate Variability Monitoring for Mental Health Assessment in Top Wheel Gymnastics Athletes: A Single Case Design. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2023; 48:335-343. [PMID: 37000286 PMCID: PMC10063935 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) upon waking has been proposed as a method to evaluate mental health; however, owing to large individual differences among athletes, it is unclear whether HRV is adequate to predict mental health decline. In this study, we sought to establish this by evaluating HRV upon awakening in one athlete over 20 months. We assessed mental health once a month by calculating the depression index. In addition, self-reported training load and psychological fatigue index were assessed as psychological indices for athletes. Heart rate and HRV were each measured three days per week in both resting (supine) and standing (upright) positions. The results showed that orthostatic HRV upon waking had moderate linear relationships with the scores on the depression index and psychological fatigue index. By contrast, self-reported training load, a measure of physical stressor, was not associated with HRV. The findings suggest that the repeated assessment of HRV upon waking and mental health indicators may be useful in preventing mental health decline in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsuura
- Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
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Nikolovski Z, Vrdoljak D, Foretić N, Perić M, Marić D, Fountoulakis C. Acute and Long-Lasting Effects of Slow-Paced Breathing on Handball Team Coach's Match Stress. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091242. [PMID: 37174784 PMCID: PMC10178344 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress was previously defined as a response to any demand for change. These demands are noticeable during sport events, not only in athletes but also in coaches. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of slow-paced breathing (SPB) on acute stress to handball coaches during official matches. One professional handball coach, aged 37 (height, 180 cm; weight, 80 kg), took part in the study. His salivary cortisol (C) concentration and alpha-amylase (AA) activity were measured, and his heart rate (HR) was monitored during six official matches. In the first three matches the SPB training protocol was not followed. From match four to match six, the coach performed SPB training every day and directly before the match. The decrease observed in AA was statistically significant with a large effect size (1.80). The trend of change in HR is visible and similar for matches with and without SPB. However, for SPB matches, there is a lower starting point compared to matches without SPB (89.81 ± 6.26 and 96.62 ± 8.10, respectively). Moreover, values of AA on SPB matches were smaller before the match (93.92 ± 15.89) compared to the same time point in non-SPB matches (115.30 ± 26.00). For AA, there is a significant effect size in the half-time (2.00) and after the match (-2.14). SPB matches showed a lower increase in AA. SPB might be used as one of the possible tools that could help coaches in achieving a desirable mental state during the match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Nikolovski
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Vrdoljak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nikola Foretić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mia Perić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dora Marić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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5
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Prokopczyk A, Sokołowski M. Aerobic Capacity and Restitution Efficiency Level in Relation to the Training Experience and Weekly Training Volume of Male and Female Judo National Team Members in the Cadet Age Group (U18) during the Preparatory Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11142. [PMID: 36078858 PMCID: PMC9517861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of aerobic capacity and post-exercise restitution during the preparation period, with training experience and weekly training volume. All (12) athletes (six women; six men) participating in the training camp of the Polish national judo team in the cadet age group were tested. The Maximal Multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test was used to investigate the level of aerobic capacity, and the Klonowicz coefficient of restitution (COR) 3 min after exercise (COR 3') and 5 min after exercise (COR 5') was used to determine the level of post-exercise restitution efficiency. The results showed that higher training experience significantly affected the deterioration of COR 3' in female athletes and improved the results in the capacity test of male athletes. Female and male athletes with a higher weekly training volume had a higher HR at the end of the performance test. Considering the demonstrated correlations, special attention should be paid to matching the loads in training programs to the age of the athletes, introducing into training programs the teaching of body management during fatigue. Failing to adjust this may make participation impossible in competitions at the international level for older age groups.
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Lapo HM, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Sardeli AV. Pre-competitive overload period impairs parasympathetic modulation in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2022; 250:113780. [PMID: 35305986 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to meta-analyze the effect of different type of overloads on parasympathetic modulation to the heart, assessed by root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals (RMSSD) of athletes. METHODS The analysis of the 14 studies selected (20 subgroups within studies), compared RMSSD of the same athletes before and after an overload period. RESULTS RMSSD of athletes were lower at pre-competition compared to baseline (SMD = -0.50 [-0.83; -0.18], p = 0.002), while volume, volume plus intensity and post-competition overloads showed similar RMSSD than their respective normal load periods. CONCLUSION The lower RMSSD during pre-competition overload, characterize an loss of homeostasis, and could be explained by the presence of pre-competition anxiety, stress, and higher psychological challenges in addition to the same physical stress present in the other types of overloads (i.e.: higher volume or training intensity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Monteiro Lapo
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Scholl of Physical Education, University of Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Scholl of Physical Education, University of Campinas SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gerontology- Scholl of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Veiga Sardeli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Scholl of Physical Education, University of Campinas SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Gerontology- Scholl of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Nakamura FY, Torres VBC, da Silva LS, Gantois P, Andrade AD, Ribeiro ALB, Brasileiro-Santos MDS, Batista GR. Monitoring Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Well-Being in Brazilian Elite Beach Volleyball Players: A Single-Tournament Pilot Study. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1708-1714. [PMID: 35622114 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nakamura, FY, Torres, VBC, da Silva, LS, Gantois, P, Andrade, AD, Ribeiro, ALB, Brasileiro-Santos, MdS, and Batista, GR. Monitoring heart rate variability and perceived well-being in Brazilian elite beach volleyball players: A single-tournament pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1708-1714, 2022-The aim of this study was to monitor the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and perceptual well-being status after a beach volleyball (BV) tournament day in high-level U17 and senior players. Seventeen BV players (U17 [15-16 years]: n = 08; and senior [19-41 years]: n = 09) competing at national and/or international BV level participated in this study. Resting HRV and perceptual well-being measures were recorded across 4 moments: night 1 (prematches night), morning 1 (prematches morning), night 2 (postmatches night), and morning 2 (postmatches morning). Session rating of perceived exertion was assessed 10 minutes after each match, and accumulated match loads were used for analysis. Senior players presented higher values of natural logarithm of square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (lnRMSSD) at the 4 observation moments than U17 players (p = 0.006). Within-subjects analysis showed a larger mean difference regarding both lnRMSSD and natural logarithm SD of normal R-R intervals (lnSDNN) between night 1 vs. night 2 in U17 players (effect size = 1.11 and, 0.96, respectively) compared with senior (effect size = 0.40 and 0.32, respectively). Accumulated match loads were negatively correlated with percentage change in lnRMSSD (r = -0.54; p = 0.037). U17 players showed higher well-being variation than senior (group × time; p = 0.02). In conclusion, the lnRMSSD index was able to discriminate the U17 and senior BV players, and maintaining high vagally related HRV indices is an important response to BV training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Y Nakamura
- Department of Physical Education., Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bruno Cavalcanti Torres
- Department of Physical Education., Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.,University Center UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil; and
| | - Leopoldo Sindice da Silva
- Department of Physical Education., Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Petrus Gantois
- Department of Physical Education., Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ana Denise Andrade
- Department of Physical Education., Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gilmário Ricarte Batista
- Department of Physical Education., Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Alfonso C, Capdevila L. Heart rate variability, mood and performance: a pilot study on the interrelation of these variables in amateur road cyclists. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13094. [PMID: 35378933 PMCID: PMC8976468 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study seeks to explore the relationship between measures of cycling training on a given day and the heart rate variability (HRV) and mood states obtained the following morning. The association between HRV and mood state is also studied, as is the relationship between internal and external measures of training. Methods During a 6-week period, five recreational road cyclists collected 123 recordings of morning HRV and morning mood, and 66 recordings of training power and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Training power was used as an external measure of performance and RPE as an internal measure of performance. The HRV parameters used in the study were the mean of RR intervals (mean RR) and the standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) as time domain analysis, and the normalized high frequency band (HFnu), normalized low frequency band (LFnu) and the ratio between low and high frequency bands, as frequency domain analysis. Mood was measured using a 10-point cognitive scale. Results It was found that the higher the training power on a given day, the lower the HFnu and the higher LF/HF were on the following morning. At the same time, results showed an inverse relationship between training and mood, so the tougher a training session, the lower the mood the following day. A relationship between morning HRV and mood was also found, so that the higher mean RR and HFnu, the more positive the mood (r = 0.497 and r = 0.420 respectively; p < 0.001). Finally, RPE correlated positively with external power load variables (IF: r = 0.545; p < 0.001). Conclusion Altogether, the results indicate a relationship between training of cyclists on a given day and their morning HRV and mood state on the following day. Mood and HRV also seem positively related. It is argued that developing a monitoring system that considers external and internal training loads, together with morning mood, could help understand the state of the individual, enabling feedback to athletes to facilitate the adaptation to training and to prevent problems associated with overtraining. However, more research is needed to further understand the association between the different variables considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alfonso
- Laboratory of Sport Psychology, Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Sport Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Capdevila
- Laboratory of Sport Psychology, Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Sport Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rapid Weight Loss Coupled with Sport-Specific Training Impairs Heart Rate Recovery in Greco-Roman Wrestlers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Wrestling is a sport that can be classified with the use of alternating aerobic–anaerobic metabolism with moderate but high-impact energy expenditure. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is the difference between heart rate during exercise and a certain amount of time after the start of recovery. The goal of this study was to determine the difference in HRR between two phases: high-intensity sport-specific training (HISST) combined with rapid weight loss (RWL)—phase 1 (P1) and HISST only—phase 2 (P2). Ten national-level wrestlers were included in this study. All participants underwent HISST along with RWL procedures for P1. Seven days later, during P2, an identical training session was performed with no RWL included. We found a statistically significant difference in the values obtained after the first and second minutes of recovery in the second set for both cases (p = 0.034 and p = 0.037, respectively), with higher HR values recorded in P1. It can be concluded that there is undoubtedly a difference in HRR during training and RWL compared to HISST alone. Additionally, HISST along with RWL could compromise the aerobic component of recovery.
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Chihaoui Mamlouk A, Younes M, Zarrouk F, Shephard R, Bouhlel E. Heart rate variability and stress perception: The influence of physical fitness. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Muniz-Pardos B, Angeloudis K, Guppy FM, Keramitsoglou I, Sutehall S, Bosch A, Tanisawa K, Hosokawa Y, Ash GI, Schobersberger W, Grundstein AJ, Casa DJ, Morrissey MC, Yamasawa F, Zelenkova I, Racinais S, Pitsiladis Y. Wearable and telemedicine innovations for Olympic events and elite sport. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1061-1072. [PMID: 34256539 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in wearable technologies and real-time monitoring have resulted in major inroads in the world of recreational and elite sport. One such innovation is the application of real-time monitoring, which comprises a smartwatch application and ecosystem, designed to collect, process and transmit a wide range of physiological, biomechanical, bioenergetic and environmental data using cloud-based services. We plan to assess the impact of this wireless technology during Tokyo 2020, where this technology could help characterize the physiological and thermal strain experienced by an athlete, as well as determine future management of athletes during a medical emergency as a result of a more timely and accurate diagnosis. Here we describe some of the innovative technologies developed for numerous sports at Tokyo 2020 ranging from race walking (20 km and 50 km events), marathon, triathlon, road cycling (including the time trial event), mountain biking, to potentially team sports played outdoors. A more symbiotic relationship between sport, health and technology needs to be encouraged that harnesses the unique demands of elite sport (e.g., the need for unobtrusive devices that provide real-time feedback) and serves as medical and preventive support for the athlete's care. The implementation of such applications would be particularly welcome in the field of medicine (i.e., telemedicine applications) and the workplace (with particular relevance to emergency services, the military and generally workers under extreme environmental conditions). Laboratory and field-based studies are required in simulated scenarios to validate such emerging technologies, with the field of sport serving as an excellent model to understand and impact disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Muniz-Pardos
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Fergus M Guppy
- Center for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Shaun Sutehall
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Bosch
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Hosokawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Garrett I Ash
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Pain Research, Informatics, Multi-morbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck and Private University UMIT TIROL, Hall, Austria
| | | | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Zelenkova
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sébastien Racinais
- Department and Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Center for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK - .,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Exercise Sciences and Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, Rome, Italy.,European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Nakamura FY, Antunes P, Nunes C, Costa JA, Esco MR, Travassos B. Heart Rate Variability Changes From Traditional vs. Ultra-Short-Term Recordings in Relation to Preseason Training Load and Performance in Futsal Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 34:2974-2981. [PMID: 30601391 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nakamura, FY, Antunes, P, Nunes, C, Costa, JA, Esco, MR, and Travassos, B. Heart rate variability changes from traditional vs. ultra-short-term recordings in relation to preseason training load and performance in futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2974-2981, 2020-The aims of this study were to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) changes in futsal players during preseason training using both "criterion" (10-minute) and ultra-shortened (2-minute) measures, and to determine whether they were related to changes in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) performance and accumulated training load (TL). Eleven male competitive futsal players (age = 25.19 ± 4.70 years; body mass = 73.15 ± 11.70 kg; and height = 176.90 ± 5.01 cm) volunteered for the study. Data collection took place during the first to the fourth weeks of preseason training. Training load was monitored with session ratings of perceived exertion. The total distance (TD) covered during the Yo-Yo IR1 was recorded during week 1 and week 4. Heart rate variability was measured through the log-transformed root mean square of successive normal-to-normal interval differences using the ultra-short analysis, with its weekly mean (lnRMSSDM) and coefficient of variation (lnRMSSDCV) recorded, and by means of the criterion method (weeks 1 and 4). lnRMSSDM was likely higher at week 4 compared with week 1 using both criterion and ultra-short recordings. Moderate-to-large correlations were found between changes in the lnRMSSDM and lnRMSSDCV values and changes in TL and TD (r values ranged from -0.48 to 0.65). Changes in ultra-short HRV measures (i.e., increase in lnRMSSDM and decrease in lnRMSSDCV) during futsal preseason were associated with increased performance. The players who accumulated higher perceived TLs displayed smaller improvements in the Yo-Yo IR1 performance and HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Y Nakamura
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Multicentric Research Group, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antunes
- Department of Sport Sciences, Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Célia Nunes
- Department of Mathematics, Center of Mathematics and Applications (CMA), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Júlio A Costa
- Faculty of Sport, Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; and
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sport Sciences, Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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13
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Iizuka T, Kon M, Maegawa T, Yuda J, Aoyanagi T, Takahashi H, Atomi T, Shimizu M, Atomi Y. Comparison of Morning Heart Rate Variability at the Beginning and End of a Competition Season in Elite Speed Skaters. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8120164. [PMID: 33327399 PMCID: PMC7764897 DOI: 10.3390/sports8120164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify whether the physiological fatigue status of elite speed skaters is influenced by the approximately five-month international competition season by comparing morning heart rate variability (HRV) at the beginning of the competition season (Japan Single Distances Championships: JSDC) with that at the end of the competition season (World Single Distances Championships: WSDC). Five international-class speed skaters participated in the study. HRV indices and subjective fatigue were measured each morning of the four days prior to the first races of the JSDC and WSDC in the 2007/2008 season. The parasympathetic HRV indices: root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (JSDC, 61.0 ms; WSDC, 42.1 ms; p < 0.05), high-frequency component power (HF) (JSDC, 1393 ms2; WSDC, 443 ms2; p < 0.05), and normalized unit of HF (HFnu) (JSDC, 53.2%; WSDC, 25.5%; p < 0.05) were lower for the WSDC than for the JSDC. The decrease in these indices may reflect the skaters’ accumulated fatigue during the course of the competition season. Morning measurements of HRV may thus be an efficient way for elite speed skaters and coaches to objectively monitor physiological fatigue throughout the competition season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iizuka
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Nippon Badminton Association, Tokyo 160-0013, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kon
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan;
| | - Taketeru Maegawa
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan;
| | - Jun Yuda
- Faculty of Physical Education, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, Tokyo 157-8565, Japan;
| | - Toru Aoyanagi
- Department of Sport Life Management, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Atomi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan;
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Iizuka T, Ohiwa N, Atomi T, Shimizu M, Atomi Y. Morning Heart Rate Variability as an Indication of Fatigue Status in Badminton Players during a Training Camp. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8110147. [PMID: 33182645 PMCID: PMC7697084 DOI: 10.3390/sports8110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether changes in the fatigue status of elite athletes during a precompetition period could be evaluated using morning heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Eight Japanese National Badminton Team players (age, 23.0 ± 2.8 years) participated in this study. HRV and subjective fatigue were measured during the first (days 1–4: Phase 1) and the second half (days 5–8: Phase 2) of an 8-day national team training camp. The global and parasympathetic HRV indices were as follows: standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN) (Phase 1, 87.5 ms; Phase 2, 104.3 ms; p < 0.05), root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (Phase 1, 66.6 ms; Phase 2, 103.6 ms; p < 0.05), and high-frequency component power (HF) (Phase 1, 1412.0 ms2; Phase 2, 3318.5 ms2; p < 0.05). All the aforementioned indices increased significantly from Phase 1 to Phase 2. Significant correlations were observed between the change in subjective fatigue and changes in SDNN, RMSSD, and HF (ρ = −0.80, p = 0.017; ρ = −0.77, p = 0.027; and ρ = −0.80, p = 0.017, respectively). Measuring morning HRV indices may be effective for objectively evaluating changes in the fatigue status of elite athletes during a precompetition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iizuka
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Nippon Badminton Association, Tokyo 160-0013, Japan
| | - Nao Ohiwa
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Atomi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan;
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoriko Atomi
- Material Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.I.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Kostrzewa M, Laskowski R, Wilk M, Błach W, Ignatjeva A, Nitychoruk M. Significant Predictors of Sports Performance in Elite Men Judo Athletes Based on Multidimensional Regression Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8192. [PMID: 33171914 PMCID: PMC7664193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aimed to identify the most significant predictors of sports level using regression modeling. METHODS This study examined 16 judokas (aged 23 (±2.5)) from four weight categories, with four athletes in each category (66 kg, 73 kg, 81 kg and 90 kg). Each athlete was a member of the Polish National Team, an international master class (IM) or national master class (M). The tests were carried out twice (every two weeks) during the pre-competitive season in the morning, after a 10-min warm-up. The tests were performed according to the following protocol: Explosive Strength Lower Limbs (ExSLL) [W], Strength Endurance Lower Limbs (SELL) [%], Explosive Strength Upper Limbs (ExSUL) [W], Strength Endurance Upper Limbs (SEUL) [%]. The relationships between the dependent variable (ranking score) and the other analyzed variables (predictors) were estimated using the one-factor ridge regression analysis. RESULTS There were significant intergroup and intragroup differences in the results of explosive strength and strength endurance of the lower and upper limbs. The best predictors were identified using regression modeling: ExSLL, SELL, and SEUL. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the value of these predictors by a unit should significantly affect the scores in the ranking table. Correlation analysis showed that all variables that are strongly correlated with the Polish Judo Association (PJA) ranking table scores may have an effect on the sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kostrzewa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.); (A.I.)
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.); (A.I.)
| | - Wiesław Błach
- Department of Sport, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Angelina Ignatjeva
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.); (A.I.)
| | - Magdalena Nitychoruk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.); (A.I.)
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Intermittent pneumatic compression changes heart rate recovery and heart rate variability after short term submaximal exercise in collegiate basketball players: a cross-over study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Solana-Tramunt M, Buscà B, Morales J, Miró A, Aguilera-Castells J, Arboix-Alió J. Effects of Wearing a Jaw-repositioning Intra-oral Device in Synchronized Swimming Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:839-845. [PMID: 32590846 DOI: 10.1055/a-1179-5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of wearing an intra-oral device on several ventilatory and fatigue markers have been reported for a variety of sports. The quality of the figures performed in synchronized swimming is directly affected by fatigue, and can be monitored during training sessions (TS). The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effects of wearing customized intra-oral devices on heart rate variability, rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate accumulation, and salivary cortisol production during a competitive training session. Twelve highly trained elite female athletes (age: 21.0±3.6 years) participated in the study. Fatigue markers were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the 3rd and 5th afternoon TS for that week, once with and once without an intra-oral device, in random order. Salivary cortisol levels were higher in relation to the baseline in the intra-oral device condition (P<0.05) but not in athletes without an intra-oral device. No differences between conditions were found in rating of perceived exertion (P=0.465) and blood lactate (P=0.711). No time or condition interactions or main effects were shown for heart rate variability. Thus, there is no evidence that wearing a low-arch intra-oral device is a good recommendation for high-standard athletes performing long and stressful routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Solana-Tramunt
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Fundacio Blanquerna Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Buscà
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Fundacio Blanquerna Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Morales
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Fundacio Blanquerna Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Miró
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Fundacio Blanquerna Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Aguilera-Castells
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Fundacio Blanquerna Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Arboix-Alió
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Fundacio Blanquerna Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Chandrasekaran B, Fernandes S, Davis F. Science of sleep and sports performance – a scoping review. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Campos F, Molina Correa JC, Canevari VCM, Branco BHM, Andreato LV, de Paula Ramos S. Monitoring Internal Training Load, Stress-Recovery Responses, and Immune-Endocrine Parameters in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Training. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:723-731. [PMID: 31972820 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Campos, F, Molina Correa, JC, Canevari, VCM, Branco, BHM, Andreato, LV, and de Paula Ramos, S. Monitoring internal training load, stress-recovery responses, and immune-endocrine parameters in Brazilian jiu-jitsu training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between training loads, stress, and immune-endocrine markers during a precompetitive period in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. For this, 12 athletes were submitted to 1 physical and 1 technical-tactical training session per day, 5 days a week, for 7 weeks. The saliva sampling and physical tests (countermovement jump [CMJ] and squat jump [SJ]) were performed before starting the training period (pre) and at the fourth week (4-week) and eighth week (post). Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire-Sport (RESTQ) were applied, and the training load was calculated weekly. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Friedman test were used, with significance levels set at p < 0.05. Increased training loads were recorded by the sRPE method in technical-tactical training sessions (p < 0.05). Higher physical loads were reported by athletes during weeks 1-4, contributing to overall higher training load, monotony, and strain during this period (p < 0.05). Increased perception of stress, by the RESTQ, and cortisol were detected, whereas decreased salivary testosterone and salivary immunoglobulin A were observed at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in CMJ and SJ tests, suggesting that training neither elicited significant fatigue and underperformance nor improved strength performance. However, decreasing physical training loads appeared to reduce symptoms of stress and improved recovery, favoring immune recovery and anabolic balance. Thus, the sRPE seems to be a reliable and simple method to monitor training loads in BJJ athletes because variation in values was related to the RESTQ and physiological responses to training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Campos
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Molina Correa
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C M Canevari
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Braulio H M Branco
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University Center of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Leonardo V Andreato
- Sport and Exercise Psychology Laboratory (LAPE), State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Solange de Paula Ramos
- Study Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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20
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Li T, Chen Y, Chen W. Daily Stress Monitoring Using Heart Rate Variability of Bathtub ECG Signals. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:2699-2702. [PMID: 30440961 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Physical, environmental and psychological stressors can lead to chronic diseases. Changes in physiological parameters during stress can be evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV). A study is conducted with one participant on a daily basis over six months. Bathtub ECG is measured during his daily bathing and used for HRV analysis. The HRV stress index (SI) is proposed to quantity the stress in the study. SI is computed and found to be significantly higher in either mental stress or physiological stress. The variations of SI show in high accordance with the work schedules of the participant.
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21
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Pluntke U, Gerke S, Sridhar A, Weiss J, Michel B. Evaluation and Classification of Physical and Psychological Stress in Firefighters using Heart Rate Variability. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:2207-2212. [PMID: 31946339 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stress detection has a huge potential for disease prevention and management, and to improve the quality of life of people. Also, work safety can be improved if stress is timely and reliably detected. The availability of low-cost consumer wearable devices that monitor vital-signs, gives access to stress detection schemes. Heart rate variability (HRV), a stress-related vital-sign, was derived from wearable device data to reliably determine stress-levels. In order to build and train a deployable stress-detector, we collected labeled HRV data in controlled environments, where subjects were exposed to physical, psychological and combined stress. We then applied machine learning to separate and identify the different stress types and understand the relationship with HRV data. The resulting C5 decision tree model is capable of identifying the stress type with 88% accuracy, in a 1-minute time window. For the first time physical and psychological stress can be distinguished with a 1-minute time resolution from smoke-divers, firefighters, who enter high-risk environments to rescue people, and experience intense physical and psychological stress. To improve our model, we created an integrated system to acquire expert labels in real-time from firefighters during their training in a Rescue Maze. A next goal is to transfer the algorithms into generic systems for monitoring and coaching high-risk professionals to improve their stress resilience during training and reduce their risk in the field.
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22
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Coelho AB, Nakamura FY, Morgado MC, Holmes CJ, Baldassarre A, Esco MR, Rama LM. Heart Rate Variability and Stress Recovery Responses during a Training Camp in Elite Young Canoe Sprint Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050126. [PMID: 31126079 PMCID: PMC6571616 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Training camps are typical in elite Canoeing preparation, during which, the care to assure adaptation to avoid undesired fatigue is not always present. This study aimed identifying a specific sex response in perceived training loads, recovery and stress balance, and cardiac autonomic responses. Twenty-one elite athletes (11 males and 10 females) of the Portuguese Canoeing National team participated in the investigation. The daily HRV (lnRMSSD) was monitored. The (RESTQ-52) questionnaire was used to access the recovery and stress state. The 10-day training camp was composed of two consecutive 5-day periods (P1 and P2). Data analyses were performed using confidence limits, effect size, and magnitude-based inference. In the females, Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), lnRMSSD, and its coefficient of variation did not change between P1 and P2. However, in males, lnRMSSD showed a small reduction from P1 to P2. Also, sRPE was higher in males over the training period, with a possibly small difference at P2. Regarding RESTQ-52, total stress most likely increased with large and very large differences in males and moderate differences in females during the training period. Male canoeists undertook higher perceived training loads than females, with a consequent higher level of total perceived stress and lnRMSSD during a 10-day training camp.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Coelho
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3040-256, Portugal.
- Department of Human Resources Training, Portuguese Canoe Federation, Vila Nova de Gaia 4430-750, Portugal.
| | - Fábio Y Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti - Via dei Vestini 31, Italy.
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
| | | | - Clifton J Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Angela Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti - Via dei Vestini 31, Italy.
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Luis M Rama
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3040-256, Portugal.
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Abstract
Since the running revolution of the 1970s, one of the major challenges has been the burden of running-related injuries (RRIs). Researchers, sports medicine practitioners, and strength and conditioning coaches are striving to develop an understanding of which factors may increase an individuals risk of developing RRIs, which strategies can be used to ensure optimal rehabilitation and recovery from an injury, and how to best optimize athletic performance. This Viewpoint explores these factors to demonstrate how recent advances in mobile technology may allow us to uncover novel insights related to the science and medicine of running. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(3):122-125. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.0604.
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Morales J, Roman V, Yáñez A, Solana-Tramunt M, Álamo J, Fíguls A. Physiological and Psychological Changes at the End of the Soccer Season in Elite Female Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2019; 66:99-109. [PMID: 30988844 PMCID: PMC6458576 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares and describes relationships among stress-recovery indices, the heart rate variability index, and the Cooper and Yo-Yo IR1 tests among female soccer players during the last six weeks of the competitive season. Sixteen female soccer players engaged in a pre-test of all of the variables. After having their training monitored for six weeks, a post-test was administered. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the specific stress-recovery scales of the RESTQ-sport and in the frequency-domain variables of the HRV, although there were no significant differences in the general stress or general recovery scales. The Yo-Yo IR1 test, the Cooper test scores, and the means of the time-domain HRV variables did not exhibit any significant differences between the pre- and the post-test. The RMSSD variations exhibited very large and large correlations with the performance test and the RESTQ-sport variables, respectively. The variations in the HRV frequency-domain variables exhibited significant moderate and large correlations among the variations of the RESTQ-sport scales. Monitoring athletes at the end of the season may reveal contradictions between some variables. To help with the interpretation of these scales, some external aspects, such as athlete strain and monotony of training, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Morales
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna–Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Roman
- Institut Francesc Macià. Departament d'ensenyament. Generalitat de Catalunya. Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alexandre Yáñez
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna–Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Solana-Tramunt
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna–Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Álamo
- Department of physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antón Fíguls
- Institut Francesc Macià. Departament d'ensenyament. Generalitat de Catalunya. Catalunya, Spain
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Nazari G, Howard J, Lanting B. Variations in Physiological and Psychological Responses of Orthopaedic Surgeons and Clinical Fellows during Hip and Knee Arthroplasties. Open Orthop J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874325001913010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Both physical and mental stress is present within the practice of healthcare professionals, which in turn negatively affects the quality of the services provided to the population and therefore, leading to mental exhaustion of the individuals involved.
Purpose:
To track physiological and psychological responses to common hip and knee surgeries, and during clinic days, in a group of orthopaedic surgeons and their clinical fellows (trainees), and to compare the physiological and psychological results with baseline physiological stress tests.
Methods:
Heart Rate (HR), Breathing Rate (BR), and self-reported anxiety were recorded in 3 fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons and 5 clinical fellows using a wearable Equivital EQO2 physiological monitor and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Data was recorded for days in surgery as well as clinic for 6-8 hours/day. This data was compared to baseline physiological stress tests.
Results:
Mean HR and percentage of heart rate maximum (%HR-max) were not significantly different between staff and fellows throughout the surgery days regardless of the role occupied during both primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). For Heart rate variability (HRV), there was no difference noted between staff and fellows at any moment around and during THA, however, fellows had significantly higher variability during TKA and maintained this increased variability in the postoperative period. In THA, staff failed to show any statistical difference between the HRV in the cases they were assuming the role of primary surgeon compared to the cases they were assisting and the clinic days. On the contrary, fellows showed significantly higher HRV when they were assisting during THA compared to when they were assuming the primary surgeon role or during their clinic days.
Conclusion:
Different stress patterns were noted in clinical fellows compared to the staff, especially showing a higher overall HRV during TKA.
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Executive Stress Management: Physiological Load of Stress and Recovery in Executives on Workdays. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122847. [PMID: 30551638 PMCID: PMC6313794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The use of high-performance sports technology to describe the physiological load of stress and the quality of recovery in a population of executives during the workday. Methodology: Heart rate variability values were recorded during 48 h from which the relationship between stress/recovery quality (stress balance) was obtained for three differentiated time slots: work, after work, and night in a workday. Results: We observed a negative stress balance during the 24 h of measurement in the course of a workday, being negative at work and after work, and positive at night. The stress generated or maintained outside working hours correlates significantly with a lower quality of recovery during the 24 h workday. Conclusions: It is necessary to prioritize strategies that help improve stress management in executives through the improvement of tools and strategies that mainly promote greater relaxation outside working hours.
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Campos BT, Penna EM, Rodrigues JGS, Diniz M, Mendes TT, Filho AFC, Franchini E, Nakamura FY, Prado LS. Influence of Autonomic Control on the Specific Intermittent Performance of Judo Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2018; 64:99-109. [PMID: 30429903 PMCID: PMC6231339 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Judo is a high-intensity intermittent combat sport which causes cardiac adaptations both morphologically and related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this study aims to verify the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) at rest with performance in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and whether groups with different RR values at rest show different performance in the SJFT and during post-test recovery. Sixteen judo athletes with 7.2 ± 3.9 years of training experience participated in the study. Before and after the SJFT execution HRV and lactate measurements were conducted. For HRV analysis, we used the mean interval RR, the standard deviation of the RR interval (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD), the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in normalized and absolute units. The sample was split into two groups (low RR and high RR) to verify if this variable could differentiate between specific performance. For the SDNN, a significant and moderate correlation (r = 0.53) was found with the total number of throws and throws in the series A (r = 0.56) and B (r = 0.54) and for the RMSSD a correlation with throws during series B (r = 0.59) in the SJFT. However, the groups did not differ in performance and recovery. Therefore, HRV is related to intermittent judo performance; however, it cannot differentiate between judokas at different levels of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Campos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Eduardo M Penna
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Pará - Castanhal Campus, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Mateus Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Maranhão - Pinheiro Campus, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - André F C Filho
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Fabio Y Nakamura
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Heart rate variability, salivary cortisol and competitive state anxiety responses during pre-competition and pre-training moments. Biol Sport 2018; 36:39-46. [PMID: 30899138 PMCID: PMC6413577 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.78905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate physiological and psychological states prior to competition and prior to training in three different demanding activities. Eighteen canoe athletes, 18 street runners and 18 jiu-jitsu fighters were included in this study (n=54). The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), salivary cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at two time points (pre-training and pre-competition). Somatic anxiety (F1,42 = 15.29, p = 0.0003), HRV (F1,42 = 23.24, p < 0.0001) and salivary cortisol (F1,42 = 22.96, p < 0.0001) were significantly greater at the pre-competition measurement point than at the pre-training point, but without a main effect of the type of athlete on these variables. A main effect of the type of athlete was found on somatic anxiety (F2,42 = 6.58, p = 0.0033), cognitive anxiety (F2,42 = 10.69, p = 0.0002) and self-confidence (F2,42 = 5.42, p = 0.0080). Correlations between most CSAI-2 and physiological parameters were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that both emotional indices and psychophysiological indices of stress are higher before competition than before training, with differences between emotional states between these sports. Although correlations between emotional states and psycho-physiological states before competition and before training were largely non-significant, these findings reinforce the importance of psychological monitoring of athletes in association with traditional physiological markers such as cortisol and HRV in sportive training programmes as complementary resources to improve both competition performance and the training routine.
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Tok S, Dal Nİ, Zekioğlu A, Çatıkkaş F, Balıkçı İ, Doğan E. Autonomic Cardiac Activity Among Novice Archers During Baseline, Shooting, and Recovery. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 34:2627-2635. [PMID: 29933359 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tok, S, Dal, N, Zekioğlu, A, Çatıkkaş, F, Balıkçı, İ, and Doğan, E. Autonomic cardiac activity among novice archers during baseline, shooting and recovery. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2627-2635, 2020-In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) of novice archers may vary during baseline, shooting, and recovery periods. In addition, we aimed to explore whether HRV may have different patterns between successful and less successful archers and man and woman archers. The sample consisted of 39 (12 woman) novice archers ranging in age from 21 to 27. Baseline HRV activity was measured in the first stage of the experiment. Then, participants shot 10 arrows, from 18 m to an 80 cm diameter target, whereas their HRV was measured. Lastly, HRV recovery response was measured immediately after shooting. HRV was represented as low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio. When considering the entire sample, repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that only HF power differed among baseline, shooting, and recovery periods [F(2, 76) = 6.90, p = 0.002, ω = 0.15]. When the data partitioned, based on the median split of the shooting scores, repeated measures of ANOVA demonstrated that none of the HRV components differed in the less successful group from baseline to recovery. However, in the successful group, both LF [F(1.47, 30.98) = 4.75, p = 0.024, ω = 0.18] and HF [F(1.54, 32.37) = 6.61, p = 0.007, ω = 0.24] power significantly differed among baseline, shooting, and recovery. No differences were found between man and woman archers in terms of HRV indices. The results of the present study indicated that physical activities requiring the use of perceptual motor skills, in addition to physical qualities, may lead to different HRV responses. Moreover, coaches aiming to develop archers' shooting accuracy may take into account LF power measured during an arrow shooting session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Tok
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa, Turkey; and
| | - Nİhal Dal
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa, Turkey; and
| | - Aylİn Zekioğlu
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa, Turkey; and
| | - Fatİh Çatıkkaş
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa, Turkey; and
| | - İlker Balıkçı
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa, Turkey; and
| | - Erman Doğan
- Girne American University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Girne, Cyprus
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Campbell BI, Bove D, Ward P, Vargas A, Dolan J. Quantification of Training Load and Training Response for Improving Athletic Performance. Strength Cond J 2017. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cornell DJ, Paxson JL, Caplinger RA, Seligman JR, Davis NA, Ebersole KT. Resting Heart Rate Variability Among Professional Baseball Starting Pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:575-581. [PMID: 27379956 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cornell, DJ, Paxson, JL, Caplinger, RA, Seligman, JR, Davis, NA, and Ebersole, KT. Resting heart rate variability among professional baseball starting pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 575-581, 2017-The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in resting heart rate variability (HRV) across a 5-day pitching rotation schedule among professional baseball starting pitchers. The HRV data were collected daily among 8 Single-A level professional baseball starting pitchers (mean ± SD, age = 21.9 ± 1.3 years; height = 185.4 ± 3.6 cm; weight = 85.2 ± 7.5 kg) throughout the entire baseball season with the participant quietly lying supine for 10 minutes. The HRV was quantified by calculating the natural log of the square root of the mean sum of the squared differences (lnRMSSD) during the middle 5 minutes of each R-R series data file. A split-plot repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the influence of pitching rotation day on resting lnRMSSD. A statistically significant main effect of rotation day was identified (F4,706 = 3.139, p = 0.029). Follow-up pairwise analyses indicated that resting lnRMSSD on day 2 was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than all other rotation days. In addition, a statistically significant main effect of pitcher was also identified (F7,706 = 83.388, p < 0.001). These results suggest that professional baseball starting pitchers display altered autonomic nervous system function 1 day after completing a normally scheduled start, as day 2 resting HRV was significantly lower than all other rotation days. In addition, the season average resting lnRMSSD varied among participants, implying that single-subject analysis of resting measures of HRV may be more appropriate when monitoring cumulative workload among this cohort population of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cornell
- 1Human Performance & Sport Physiology Laboratory, Integrative Health Care & Performance Unit, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and 2Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Esco MR, Flatt AA, Nakamura FY. Agreement Between a Smartphone Pulse Sensor Application and Electrocardiography for Determining lnRMSSD. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:380-385. [PMID: 28125545 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Esco, MR, Flatt, AA, and Nakamura, FY. Agreement between a smartphone pulse sensor application and electrocardiography for determining lnRMSSD. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 380-385, 2017-The purpose of this study was to determine the agreement between a smartphone pulse finger sensor (SPFS) and electrocardiography (ECG) for determining ultra-short-term heart rate variability in 3 different positions. Thirty college-aged men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) volunteered to participate in this study. Sixty-second heart rate measures were simultaneously taken with the SPFS and ECG in supine, seated, and standing positions. The log transformed root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (lnRMSSD) was calculated from the SPFS and ECG. The lnRMSSD values were 81.5 ± 11.7 using ECG and 81.6 ± 11.3 using SPFS (p = 0.63, Cohen's d = 0.01) in the supine position, 76.5 ± 8.2 using ECG and 77.5 ± 8.2 using SPFS (p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.11) in the seated position, and 66.5 ± 9.2 using ECG and 67.8 ± 9.1 using SPFS (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.15) in the standing position. The SPFS showed a possibly strong correlation to the ECG in all 3 positions (r values from 0.98 to 0.99). In addition, the limits of agreement (constant error ± 1.98 SD) were -0.13 ± 2.83 for the supine values, -0.94 ± 3.47 for the seated values, and -1.37 ± 3.56 for the standing values. The results of the study suggest good agreement between the SPFS and ECG for measuring lnRMSSD in supine, seated, and standing positions. Although significant differences were noted between the 2 methods in the seated and standing positions, the effect sizes were trivial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Esco
- 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama; and 2Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Rabelo FN, Flatt AA, Esco MR, Bertollo M, Loturco I. Monitoring weekly heart rate variability in futsal players during the preseason: the importance of maintaining high vagal activity. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:2262-2268. [PMID: 27214584 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1186282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the weekly natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal inter-beat (RR) intervals (ln RMSSDWeekly) and its coefficient of variation (ln RMSSDCV) in response to 5 weeks of preseason training in professional male futsal players. A secondary aim was to assess the relationship between ln RMSSDWeekly and ln RMSSDCV. The ln RMSSD is a measure of cardiac-vagal activity, and ln RMSSDCV represents the perturbations of cardiac autonomic homeostasis, which may be useful for assessing how athletes are coping with training. Ten futsal players had their resting ln RMSSD recorded prior to the first daily training session on four out of approximately five regular training days · week-1. Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was quantified for all training sessions. Despite weekly sRPE varying between 3455 ± 300 and 5243 ± 463 arbitrary units (a.u.), the group changes in ln RMSSDWeekly were rated as unclear (using magnitude-based inference), although large inter-individual variability in ln RMSSD responses was observed. The ln RMSSDCV in weeks 4 and 5 were likely lower than the previous weeks. A large and significant negative correlation (r = -0.53; CI 90%: -0.36; -0.67) was found between ln RMSSD and ln RMSSDCV. Therefore, monitoring individual ln RMSSD responses is suggested since large inter-individual variations may exist in response to futsal training. In addition, higher values of ln RMSSD are associated with lower oscillations of cardiac autonomic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Y Nakamura
- a NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Physical Education , State University of Londrina , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Lucas A Pereira
- a NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Felipe N Rabelo
- c Department of Futsal , Sport Club Corinthians Paulista , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- d Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , AL , USA
| | - Michael R Esco
- d Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , AL , USA
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- e Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center , University "G. d'Annuzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Irineu Loturco
- a NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport , São Paulo , Brazil
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Torres-Luque G, Hernández-García R, Escobar-Molina R, Garatachea N, Nikolaidis PT. Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Judo Athletes: An Update. Sports (Basel) 2016; 4:sports4010020. [PMID: 29910268 PMCID: PMC5968945 DOI: 10.3390/sports4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Judo competition is characterized structurally by weight category, which raises the importance of physiological control training in judo. The aim of the present review was to examine scientific papers on the physiological profile of the judokas, maintenance or loss of weight, framing issues, such as anthropometric parameters (body fat percentage), heart rate responses to training and combat, maximal oxygen uptake, hematological, biological and hormones indicators. The values shown in this review should be used as a reference for the evaluation of physical fitness and the effectiveness of training programs. Hence, this information is expected to contribute to the development of optimal training interventions aiming to achieve maximum athletic performance and to maintain the health of judokas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Torres-Luque
- Faculty of Humanities and Science Education, University of Jaen, Jaen 23071, Spain.
| | | | | | - Nuria Garatachea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 22002, Spain.
| | - Pantelis T Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenic Army Academy, Athens 16673, Greece.
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia 18450, Greece.
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Cardiac autonomic modulation in judo athletes: evaluation by linear and non-linear method. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Corsini A, Capogrosso M, Perini R. Effects of spa treatment on cardiac autonomic control at rest in healthy subjects. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
In the sport context, recovery has been characterized as a multifactor process (physiological, psychological, behavioral, social, etc.). This study takes a multidisciplinary approach to find psychophysiological markers of the stress-recovery process. It aims to determine how athletes' specific recovery actions relate to their perceptions of recovery, and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). A total of 196 assessments were analyzed from 6 players on a men's professional basketball team within the Liga LEB Oro basketball federation (2012/2013 season). Perceptions of recovery, recovery strategies, and HRV were recorded. The results show a pattern of individual differences in behavior related to athletes' recovery actions and HRV profiles throughout the season (p < .05). Moreover, we observed that each player had different recovery needs. In light of these results, we suggest an individualistic approach to evaluating and monitoring recovery to attend more accurately to each player's recovery needs.
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Elbe AM, Rasmussen CP, Nielsen G, Nordsborg NB. High intensity and reduced volume training attenuates stress and recovery levels in elite swimmers. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 16:344-9. [PMID: 25867005 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1028466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of increased high-intensity interval training (HIT) at the expense of total training volume on the stress and recovery levels of elite swimmers. Forty-one elite swimmers participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either a HIT or a control group (CON). Eleven swimmers did not complete the questionnaires. For 12 weeks both groups trained ~12 h per week. The amount of HIT was ~5 h vs. 1 h, and total distance was ~17 km vs. ~35 km per week for HIT and CON, respectively. HIT was performed as 6-10 × 10-30 s maximal effort interspersed by 2-4 min of rest. The Recovery Stress Questionnaire - Sport was used to measure the swimmers' stress and recovery levels. After the 12 week intervention, the general stress level was 16.6% (2.6-30.7%; mean and 95% CI) lower and the general recovery level was 6.5% (0.7-12.4%) higher in HIT compared to the CON, after adjusting for baseline values. No significant effects could be observed in sports-specific stress or sports-specific recovery. The results indicate that increasing training intensity and reducing training volume for 12 weeks can reduce general stress and increase general recovery levels in competitive swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Elbe
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport (NEXS) , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen K , Denmark
| | - Camilla P Rasmussen
- b Department of Psychology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen K , Denmark
| | - Glen Nielsen
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport (NEXS) , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen K , Denmark
| | - Nikolai B Nordsborg
- a Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport (NEXS) , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen K , Denmark
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