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Ulman S, Erdman AL, Loewen A, Õunpuu S, Chafetz R, Wren TAL, Tulchin-Francis K. Trunk and lower-extremity kinematics differ based on step-down tap variation: An assessment of methodology for a return-to-play protocol using motion analysis. Gait Posture 2022; 98:180-186. [PMID: 36155000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The step-down tap (SDT) is a commonly used task to assess unilateral neuromuscular control and to identify deficient movement patterns of the trunk and lower extremities. However, instruction of the SDT varies greatly in recent reports, which may alter the clinical interpretation of potential movement deficiencies. RESEARCH QUESTION The purpose of this study was to identify differences in trunk and lower extremity kinematics between variations of a step-down tap that differ based on step direction, fixing the arms or stance foot, and trial collection methods. METHODS This study followed a single-group repeated measures design in a laboratory setting. Three-dimensional angles of the trunk, hip, and knee of 18 participants were evaluated at 60 degrees of knee flexion and at maximum squat depth during six SDT variations. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed to determine the effects of an anterior verse lateral step direction, a fixed arm or stance foot position, and an individual verse continuous trial collection method. RESULTS Knee flexion, external pelvic rotation, and external trunk rotation were greater in the anterior SDT, while the lateral SDT elicited greater pelvic tilt and hip flexion. Additionally, overall squat depth was greater across participants during the anterior SDT. Few clinically significant differences (≥3°) were observed due to fixing arm or stance foot position, and no differences were identified based on trial collection methods. SIGNIFICANCE The standardization of task instructions for motion analysis protocols utilized for research purposes and/or clinical decision-making is crucial. Specifically, for the SDT, the authors recommend using the anterior step direction. A fixed arm and stance foot position is not necessary, and trials may be collected individually or continuously based on convenience for a small number of repetitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sylvia Õunpuu
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ross Chafetz
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Adillón C, Gallegos M, Treviño S, Salvat I. Detection of Neuromuscular Deficits in Movement Pattern among Uninjured Federated Youth Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074077. [PMID: 35409759 PMCID: PMC8998294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to detect neuromuscular deficiencies in static and dynamic tests among federated youth basketball players. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study with 778 basketball players. Specific tests and trials were conducted to evaluate members of teams from several clubs in male and female from under 12 (U12) to under 17 (U17) categories. The evaluations consisted of static physical measurements and dynamic measurements. (3) Results: 575 players were included in this study. A total of 95% of participants are unable to keep their ankle stable in monopodial loading; 86% present dynamic lower extremity valgus with statistically significant differences between categories (p = 0.004); 94% are unable to keep the pelvis stable when performing a single-leg squat; 93% are unable to keep their trunk stable when performing the same movement. During landing, 96% present dynamic lower extremity valgus. The thighs of 92% do not reach parallel (peak of jump). (4) Conclusions: The most frequent neuromuscular deficits in federated youth basketball players are related to instability, the most frequent being ankle instability, followed by lumbo-pelvic instability, dynamic postural instability and dynamic knee valgus. Deficits in jumping/landing technique are also very frequent in all the items analyzed (jumping, landing and plyometrics). The performed tests, which mostly showed a poor performance by the sample, can be indicative of injury probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Adillón
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977779940
| | - Montse Gallegos
- Health Department, Catalan Basketball Federation, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvia Treviño
- Health Department, Catalan Basketball Federation, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Isabel Salvat
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain;
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Rice RP, Roach K, Kirk-Sanchez N, Waltz B, Ellenbecker TS, Jayanthi N, Raya M. Age and Gender Differences in Injuries and Risk Factors in Elite Junior and Professional Tennis Players. Sports Health 2022; 14:466-477. [PMID: 35037501 PMCID: PMC9214903 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211062834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elite tennis athletes experience injuries throughout the entire body. Impairments in trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip range of motion (ROM) are modifiable risk factors that can impact injuries and performance. Information on nonmodifiable risk factors such as age and gender is limited. The purpose of this investigation was to provide information on risk factors to direct clinical decision-making and injury prevention and rehab programming in this population. HYPOTHESIS Prevalence and location of injuries will differ by age group and gender. Trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip ROM will differ by age group and gender. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A de-identified database (n = 237; females = 126) from the United States Tennis Association High Performance Profile (HPP) 2014-2015 was used for the analysis. Subjects were elite junior and professional tennis players (mean age 14.6 [range, 9-27] years). The HPP is a tennis-specific assessment and questionnaire that includes retrospective information on injury history. Subjects were categorized by injury, gender, and age. Injury locations were classified by region. Trunk stability measures included drop vertical jump (DVJ), single-leg squat, and prone and side planks. Lower limb measures included hamstring, quadriceps and hip flexor flexibility, and hip rotation ROM. RESULTS A total of 46% of athletes reported an injury. Significant differences were found for injury prevalence and location by age group. Adolescent athletes (age 13-17 years) had more trunk injuries, while adult athletes (age ≥18 years) had more lower limb injuries. Adolescent athletes performed worse on DVJ, dominant side plank, and hamstring flexibility compared with young (age ≤12 years) and adult athletes. Significant gender differences in hip ROM included internal rotation on both the dominant and nondominant sides. CONCLUSION Impairments in trunk stability, lower limb flexibility, and hip rotation ROM may affect both health and performance outcomes in this population. Elite tennis athletes may benefit from additional off court programming to address trunk and lower limb impairments. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adolescent elite tennis athletes may be at higher risk of trunk injuries. Age, gender, injury history, and impairments should be considered with all assessments and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Porter Rice
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Robyn Porter Rice, PT, PhD, Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 5915 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, Coral Gables FL 33146 () (Twitter: @RiceRobynp)
| | - Kathryn Roach
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Neva Kirk-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Bret Waltz
- DocWaltz LLC, Scottsdale, Arizona,USTA Player Development, Orlando, Florida
| | - Todd S. Ellenbecker
- Vice President Medical Services, ATP Tour, Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida,Rehab Plus Sports Therapy Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Neeru Jayanthi
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Family Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michele Raya
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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de Almeida-Neto PF, Oliveira VMM, de Matos DG, dos Santos ÍK, Baxter-Jones A, Pinto VCM, de Macêdo Cesário T, Aidar FJ, Silva Dantas PM, Cabral BGDAT. Factors related to lower limb performance in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258144. [PMID: 34614024 PMCID: PMC8494314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature identifies several factors that are associated with lower limb performance (LLP). However, there is little consensus on which factors have the major associations with LLP. OBJECTIVE Examine, analyze and summarize the scientific evidence on the factors associated with the performance of LLP in children and adolescents of both sexes aged between 7 and 17 years. DESIGN This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered in PROSPERO. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search of five electronic databases (i.e., SPORTDiscus, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS) with date restrictions was conducted (2010 to 2021). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Eligibility criteria included (i) a study published between 2010 and 2021; (ii) a research study with observational design; (iii) a study analyzing LLP; and (iv) a sample composed of young people between 7 and 17 years old (regardless of sex). ANALYSES Literature analysis was carried out in English and Portuguese between 2018 and 2021, "blindly" by two researchers. For data sorting, Rayyan® was used. Data extraction and evidence analysis were performed "blindly", using the Loney scale. The minimum items for observational studies were analyzed by the STROBE checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted based on age group (Childhood [7 to 11 Yrs] and Adolescence [12 to 17 Yrs]) and puberty stages (i.e., Prepupertal and Pubertal). The heterogeneity between the samples of the studies was assessed using the "Cochran's Q" and "I^2" statistics. Meta-regression analyses were performed to check the factors related to heterogeneity of the studies and to check the associations between chronological age and LLP. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 1,109,650 observational studies of which 39 were included in this review. Through Meta-analysis and Meta-regressions, it was possible to indicate that advancing chronological age related to increased LLP (p<0.01), and that in relation to puberty stages pubertal subjects had higher LLP than their pre-pubertal peers (p<0.01). DISCUSSION The main findings of the present systematic review suggest that as chronological age advances (childhood to adolescence), neuromuscular systems mature and this may be due to advancing puberty, which is also associated with an increase in LLP. CONCLUSION The factors associated with lower limbs performance are still inconsistent in the literature. However, advancing chronological age and stage of puberty are both associated with increased lower limbs performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID-PROSPERO-CRD42020137925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, DEF-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Cardiovascular & Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ísis Kelly dos Santos
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, DEF-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Vanessa Carla Monteiro Pinto
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, DEF-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Tatianny de Macêdo Cesário
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, DEF-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, DEF-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Drop Jump? Single-Leg Squat? Not if You Aim to Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury From Real-Time Clinical Assessment: A Prospective Cohort Study Involving 880 Elite Female Athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:372-378. [PMID: 34192883 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether visually assessed performances of the single-leg squat (SLS) and vertical drop jump (VDJ) were associated with future noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. DESIGN Prognostic accuracy cohort study. METHODS Elite female handball and football (soccer) athletes (n = 880) were tested from 2007 to 2014 and tracked through 2015. Trained physical therapists visually rated each leg during a SLS and overall control during a VDJ. Receiver operating characteristic curve, Pearson chi-square, and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the prognostic accuracy of the 2 screening tests. RESULTS Sixty-five noncontact ACL injuries occurred during the follow-up period. Fourteen percent of athletes who sustained an ACL injury had poor SLS performance, compared to 17% of the noninjured athletes (P = .52 and .67 for hip and knee ratings, respectively). Side-to-side asymmetry in the SLS was not different between injured and noninjured athletes (P = .10 and .99 for hip and knee asymmetry, respectively). Twenty-one percent of athletes who sustained an ACL injury had a poor VDJ rating, compared to 27% of the noninjured athletes (P = .09). Furthermore, area under the curve values ranged from 0.43 to 0.54 for the SLS and VDJ, demonstrating no to poor prognostic accuracy. CONCLUSION Neither SLS nor VDJ test performance distinguished between athletes who sustained a subsequent noncontact ACL injury and those who did not. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(7):372-378. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10170.
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García-Luna MA, Cortell-Tormo JM, García-Jaén M, Ortega-Navarro M, Tortosa-Martínez J. Acute Effects of ACL Injury-Prevention Warm-Up and Soccer-Specific Fatigue Protocol on Dynamic Knee Valgus in Youth Male Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155608. [PMID: 32759692 PMCID: PMC7432391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries—which can pose a major risk to a child’s sporting career—have been on the rise in the last few decades. Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) has been linked to an increased risk of ACL injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of an ACL injury prevention protocol (ACL-IPP) and a soccer-specific fatigue protocol (SSFP) on DKV in youth male soccer players. The research hypothesis was that DKV would be reduced by the ACL-IPP and increased by the SSFP. Eighteen youth male soccer players were divided according to baseline DKV. Those with moderate or large DKV performed a neuromuscular training protocol based on activation of the abductor and external rotator hip muscles. Those with little or no DKV performed a soccer-specific fatigue protocol. DKV was assessed using the single-leg squat pre- and post-protocols in both legs. The ACL-IPP significantly decreased DKV during single-leg squat (p < 0.01, effect size = 1.39), while the SSFP significantly increased baseline DKV in the dominant leg during single-leg squat (p = 0.012; effect size = 1.74). In conclusion, the ACL-IPP appears to acutely reduce the DKV in youth male soccer players, and the SSFP seems to acutely increase the DKV in those players who showed a light or no DKV in a non-fatigue situation. By using the SSFP, it may be possible to determine which players would benefit from injury prevention programs due to increased DKV during game scenarios, while hip abductor and external rotator neuromuscular training may be beneficial for players who have moderate and severe DKV during single-leg squat under non-fatigued scenarios.
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Vargas VZ, Motta C, Peres B, Vancini RL, Andre Barbosa De Lira C, Andrade MS. Knee isokinetic muscle strength and balance ratio in female soccer players of different age groups: a cross-sectional study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:105-109. [PMID: 31307251 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1642808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: As a consequence of years of soccer training and sexual maturation, there is an increase in lower body muscle mass and strength especially in the knee extensors and flexors muscles. In this context, the lack of knee joint stability, resulting from strength imbalance between knee extensor and flexors muscles, has been associated with knee injuries. The aim of this study was to compare the knee flexor and extensor muscle peak torque, average power, contralateral deficit, conventional and functional balance ratios of female soccer players from different age groups.Methods: Sixty-six female soccer players were divided into four groups: under 13 (U13), under 15 (U15), under 17 (U17) years old and professional (PRO). Flexor and extensor knee muscle strength in concentric and eccentric actions of both limbs were assessed using isokinetic dynamometer.Results: For the dominant limb, the knee concentric extensor muscles peak torques, assessed at 60 and at 240 deg/sec, and the average power of U15 group were significantly higher than U13 group. Extensor muscle average power of the PRO group was higher than U17. Dominant knee flexor average power of U15 was significantly higher than the U13 group. Peak torque at 60 deg/sec and 240 deg/sec and average power of the PRO group were higher than the U17 group. No differences were found regarding the eccentric action for flexor and extensor muscles. Conventional and functional balance ratios were similar among all age group, except for U13, which presented higher values than the U15 group for the dominant limb.Conclusions: The greatest improvement in muscular performance occur when the athlete starts practicing soccer (after U13) and when they become professional (after U17) and the balance ratios, and muscle balance ratios remain stable in all age groups, although they are below the recommended level in the literature, which may increase the risk for lower limb injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Motta
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peres
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Barfield JW, Oliver GD. Sport Specialization and Single-Legged-Squat Performance Among Youth Baseball and Softball Athletes. J Athl Train 2019; 54:1067-1073. [PMID: 31633412 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-356-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous research has indicated that throwing sports expose athletes to overuse injuries and that specialization in sport is linked to injury. However, the effect of overexposure to a throwing sport on a dynamic movement task is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if sport specialization in youth throwing athletes affected performance on the single-legged squat (SLS). DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 49 youth baseball and softball athletes (23 baseball, 26 softball; age = 12.96 ± 2.32 years, height = 165.01 ± 13.05 cm, mass = 61.42 ± 13.04 kg) were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Participants were grouped into 3 categories based on specialization definitions: (1) 8 months or longer in season, (2) 8 months or longer in training, or (3) 8 months or longer in season and previously quit another sport. We measured SLS kinematics and used a set of 1-way multivariate analyses of variances to determine if trunk kinematics differed by group. RESULTS Athletes who spent 8 months or more in sport-specific training exhibited significantly more trunk control, revealed by less trunk lateral flexion (Λ = 0.69, F6,38 = 2.89, P = .020) and less trunk flexion (Λ = 0.69, F6,38 = 2.88, P = .021) throughout an SLS. CONCLUSIONS These results agree with the principle of specific adaptation to imposed demands. Surprisingly, athletes who spent 8 months or more playing a unilateral sport showed no differences in SLS performance. Clinicians should emphasize that neuromuscular adaptations of the lumbopelvic-hip complex for dynamic movement, such as an SLS, may be achieved through training instead of strict sport participation. Future researchers should consider how much of the training protocol is actually specialized for sport training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W Barfield
- Sports Medicine & Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, AL
| | - Gretchen D Oliver
- Sports Medicine & Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, AL
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Steidl-Müller L, Hildebrandt C, Müller E, Fink C, Raschner C. Limb symmetry index in competitive alpine ski racers: Reference values and injury risk identification according to age-related performance levels. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:405-415. [PMID: 30450248 PMCID: PMC6230217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to assess differences of limb symmetry index (LSI) in strength- and coordination-related tasks between high-level, competitive, noninjured ski racers of different age-related performance levels and to prospectively assess limb differences as a possible risk factor for traumatic and overuse injury in youth ski racers. METHODS The study (Study 1) included 285 high-level competitive ski racers (125 females, 160 males) of 3 age-related performance levels and based on the school system: 95 youth (10-14 years, secondary modern school), 107 adolescent (15-19 years, grammar school), and 83 elite athletes (20-34 years). To investigate the second aim (Study 2), 67 of the 95 youth athletes were included and any traumatic or overuse injuries were prospectively recorded over 2 seasons. All athletes performed 4 unilateral tests (strength related: one-leg counter movement jump (OL-CMJ) and one-leg isometric/isokinetic press strength test (OL-ILS); coordination related: one-leg stability test (OL-ST) and one-leg speedy jump test (OL-SJ)). The LSI was calculated by dividing the dominant leg by the nondominant leg and multiplying by 100. Kruskal-Wallis H tests and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS There were significant differences between the LSI of the 3 age-related performance-level groups only in the strength-related tests: the OL-CMJ (χ²(2, 285) = 9.09; p = 0.01) and the OL-ILS (χ²(2, 285) = 14.79; p < 0.01). The LSI for OL-ILS was found to be a significant risk factor for traumatic injury in youth ski racers (Wald = 7.08; p < 0.01). No significant risk factors were found for overuse injuries. CONCLUSION Younger athletes display slightly greater LSI values only in the strength-related tests. The cut-off value of limb differences of <10% for return to sport decisions seems to be appropriate for elite athletes, but for youth and adolescent athletes it has to be critically discussed. It seems to be necessary to define thresholds based on specific performance tasks (strength vs. coordination related) rather than on generalizations, and age-related performance levels must be considered. Limb differences in unilateral leg extension strength represent a significant injury risk factor in youth ski racers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Steidl-Müller
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Carolin Hildebrandt
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5400, Austria
| | - Christian Fink
- Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Institute of Psychology (ISAG), The Health & Life Sciences University (UMIT), Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Gelenkpunkt – Sports and Joint Surgery, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Raschner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Wilson DA, Booysen N, Dainese P, Heller MO, Stokes M, Warner MB. Accuracy of movement quality screening to document effects of neuromuscular control retraining exercises in a young ex-footballer with hip and groin symptoms: A proof of concept case study. Med Hypotheses 2018; 120:116-120. [PMID: 30220329 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hip and groin pain is common in footballers and altering movement patterns can reduce symptoms. Observational tests of movement control are thought to identify abnormal movement patterns, but their accuracy needs yet to be confirmed by comparison with an objective measure. To assess the accuracy, using 3D motion analysis, of observational movement control tests and their ability to detect changes, and document changes in symptoms following a neuromuscular control exercise programme in an ex-footballer with hip and groin pain. A 25-year-old male with chronic bilateral hip and groin pain had their movement control ability rated and kinematic data collected using 3D motion analysis while performing Small Knee Bend (SKB) and SKB with Rotation (SKB Rot) tests pre-and post-neuromuscular control exercise training. Movement control was rated as at fault if they were unable to control specific trunk and pelvic movements during the tests. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) was used to assess symptoms. Following the intervention, observational rating during the SKB test improved from fault to no fault for anterior pelvic tilt, which decreased by 17° and 16° during right and left leg SKB tests respectively. The HAGOS symptoms subsection improved from 36% to 61%. Observational movement screening ratings were supported by 3-D motion analysis. These findings indicate that the screening tool was accurate for detecting improvements in trunk and pelvic movement control following an exercise programme in an ex-footballer who had presented with hip and groin pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wilson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, UK.
| | - Nadine Booysen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, UK
| | - Paolo Dainese
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Markus O Heller
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, UK
| | - Maria Stokes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, UK
| | - Martin B Warner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, UK
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Räisänen AM, Arkkila H, Vasankari T, Steffen K, Parkkari J, Kannus P, Forsman H, Pasanen K. Investigation of knee control as a lower extremity injury risk factor: A prospective study in youth football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2084-2092. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Räisänen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine; UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
| | - H. Arkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - T. Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
| | - K. Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center; Norwegian School of Sports Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - J. Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine; UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
| | - P. Kannus
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
| | - H. Forsman
- Eerikkilä Sports Institute Training Center; Tammela Finland
| | - K. Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine; UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Kinesiology; Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
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