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Vasquez-Bonilla A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Gómez-Carmona CD, Olcina G, Olivares-Arancibia J, Rojas-Valverde D. Calculating Load and Intensity Using Muscle Oxygen Saturation Data. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:113. [PMID: 38668581 PMCID: PMC11054888 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to calculate training intensity and load using muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during two differentiated physical tasks. 29 university athletes participated in a 40-m Maximal Shuttle Run Test (MST, 10 × 40-m with 30 s recovery between sprints) and a 3000-m time trial run. Distance and time were used to calculate external load (EL). Internal load indicators were calculated based on percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRMAX) and SmO2 variables: muscle oxygen extraction (∇%SmO2) and the cardio-muscle oxygen index (CMOI) was also provided by relating ∇%SmO2 ÷ %HRMAX, and the training load were calculated as the product of speed (m/min × IL) and the efficiency index [Effindex (m/min ÷ IL)]. A student t test was applied based on Bayesian factor analysis. As expected, EL differed in the 40-m MST (331 ± 22.8) vs. 3000-m trials (222 ± 56.8) [BF10 = 6.25e+6; p = <0.001]. Likewise, IL showed higher values in 40-m MST (39.20 ± 15.44) vs. 3000-m (30.51 ± 8.67) in CMOI: [BF10 = 1.70; p = 0.039]. Training load was greater in 40-m MST (85.77 ± 27.40) vs. 3000-m (15.55 ± 6.77) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 12.5; p = 0.003] and 40-m MST (129.27 ± 49.44) vs. 3000-m (70.63 ± 32.98) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 169.6; p = <0.001]. Also, the Effindex was higher in 40-m MST (10.19 ± 4.17) vs. 3000-m (6.06 ± 2.21) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 137.03; p = <0.001] and 40-m MST (9.69 ± 4.11) vs. 3000-m (7.55 ± 1.87) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 1.86; p = 0.035]. This study demonstrates calculations of training intensity and load based on SmO2 as an internal load indicator along with speed as an external load indicator during two differentiated exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Vasquez-Bonilla
- Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.V.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Grupo de Optimización del Entrenamiento Deportivo, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.V.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica;
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento y Salud (NARS), Escuela del Movimiento Humano y Calidad deVida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica
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2
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Heredia-Jimenez J, Orantes-Gonzalez E. Exploring the physiological benefits of carrying a suspended backpack versus a traditional backpack. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:95-101. [PMID: 37083570 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2205621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the differences in metabolic energy cost and physiological adaptations between carrying a suspended backpack and a traditional backpack during exercise. For that, 30 males completed the Bruce test while carrying a loaded backpack. Researchers used a metabolic system to obtain variables, analysed muscle oxygen saturation, and used a 2-way RM ANOVA. As results, a significant fatigue interaction was found, but the interaction between fatigue and backpack was non-significant. Using a suspended backpack resulted in energetic advantages in oxygen consumption, muscle oxygen saturation, and performance compared to a traditional backpack. In conclusion, this study offers insights into the physiological implications of using a suspended backpack, suggesting it may reduce the risk of musculoskeletal issues and improve performance for those carrying heavy loads.Practitioner summary: The suspended-load backpacks have been proposed as an alternative to traditional backpacks. This study highlighted that the use of a suspended backpack provided some energetical advantages adaptation compared to the traditional backpack in terms of oxygen consumption, muscle oxygen saturation and performance during a multistage treadmill test walking-running test.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heredia-Jimenez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
- Human Behavior and Motion Analysis Lab (Hubema Lab), University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
| | - E Orantes-Gonzalez
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Faculty of Sports, University of Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Gonzalez AM, Yang Y, Mangine GT, Pinzone AG, Ghigiarelli JJ, Sell KM. Acute Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation in Recreationally Resistance Trained Men and Women. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:88. [PMID: 37489301 PMCID: PMC10366749 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-citrulline serves as a nitric oxide precursor with the potential to increase blood flow and improve resistance exercise performance, yet more research is needed to examine its ergogenic potential. To examine the effect of L-citrulline supplementation on resistance exercise performance, muscle oxygenation, and the subjective perception of effort, energy, focus, fatigue, and muscle pump, eighteen resistance-trained men (n = 11) and women (n = 7) (21.4 ± 1.8 years; 172.3 ± 7.5 cm; 76.9 ± 10.8 kg) were randomly assigned for supplementation with 8 g of L-citrulline (CIT) or a placebo (PL) in a cross-over fashion one hour prior to testing. Participants completed an isometric mid-thigh pull test (IMTP), a ballistic bench press protocol [two sets of two repetitions at 75% 1-repetition maximum (1 RM) with maximum ballistic intent], and a strength-endurance bench press protocol [five repetition-maximum sets at 75% 1RM]. Barbell velocity and power were measured via a linear position transducer during the ballistic protocol, while the repetitions completed, volume load and muscle oxygenation were quantified during the strength-endurance protocol. Subjective measures were assessed at the baseline and immediately pre- and post-exercise. Repeated measures of the analysis of variance and Bayesian equivalents revealed no significant interactions, providing evidence favoring the null hypothesis (BF10 < 1) for IMTP (PL 497.5 ± 133.6 vs. CIT 492.5 ± 129.4 N), barbell velocity, and power, and repetitions completed (PL 36.7 ± 7.2 vs. CIT 36.9 ± 8.1 repetitions). There were also no significant interactions for muscle oxygenation parameters or subjective measures except perceived fatigue. Women reported greater fatigue across all time points compared to men (~1.88 au, p = 0.045, BF10 = 0.2). The results indicate that a single 8 g dose of L-citrulline did not enhance isometric force production, muscle endurance, or muscle oxygenation parameters during the protocol implemented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Gerald T Mangine
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Anthony G Pinzone
- Program in Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Jamie J Ghigiarelli
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Katie M Sell
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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4
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Costilla M, Casals C, Marín-Galindo A, Sánchez-Sixto A, Muñoz-López A, Sañudo B, Corral-Pérez J, Ponce-González JG. Changes in Muscle Deoxygenation During Squat Exercise After 6-Week Resistance Training With Different Percentages of Velocity Loss. J Strength Cond Res 2023:00124278-990000000-00199. [PMID: 36727700 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Costilla, M, Casals, C, Marín-Galindo, A, Sánchez-Sixto, A, Muñoz-López, A, Sañudo, B, Corral-Pérez, J, and Ponce-González, JG. Changes in muscle deoxygenation during squat exercise after 6-week resistance training with different percentages of velocity loss. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The present study compared, for the first time, the effects of 6 weeks of 20% (20VL) vs. 40% (40VL) velocity loss (VL) resistance training (RT) programs on muscle oxygen dynamics during the squat exercise. Twenty-three young men (21.4 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated into the 20VL group (n = 8), 40VL group (n = 7), or control group (CG; n = 8). The RT program consisted of 3 sets of Smith machine back squat exercise at 20VL or 40VL with a 3-minute rest between sets, twice per week for 6 weeks. Tissue oxygenation index (TOI) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis during a squat test (8-repetition 1 m·s-1 load test), and the maximum (maxTOI) and minimum (minTOI) TOIs were measured during a 3-min recovery period. After the 6-week RT program, TOI increased significantly at the beginning of the test in both muscles (during the first 4 repetitions in the vastus lateralis and 5 repetitions in the vastus medialis) in the 20VL group (p < 0.05), with nonsignificant changes in the 40VL group and CG. The maxTOI was significantly increased in the vastus medialis (+3.76%) and vastus lateralis (+3.97%) after the training only in the 20VL group (p < 0.05). The minTOI in the vastus medialis reached during the test remained unchanged postintervention for both training groups, with the CG showing significantly higher values compared with the 20VL group (+14.1%; p < 0.05). In conclusion, depending on the VL reached during a squat RT program, different changes in muscle oxygen dynamics can be expected. Training at 20% of VL improves metabolic efficiency and the reoxygenation peak after the set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manual Costilla
- Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, and Health Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, and Health Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Marín-Galindo
- Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, and Health Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Muñoz-López
- Department of Human Motricity and Sports Performance, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; and
| | - Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Corral-Pérez
- Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, and Health Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González
- Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, and Health Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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5
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Seshadri DR, Harlow ER, Thom ML, Emery MS, Phelan DM, Hsu JJ, Düking P, De Mey K, Sheehan J, Geletka B, Flannery R, Calcei JG, Karns M, Salata MJ, Gabbett TJ, Voos JE. Wearable technology in the sports medicine clinic to guide the return-to-play and performance protocols of athletes following a COVID-19 diagnosis. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231177498. [PMID: 37434736 PMCID: PMC10331194 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231177498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has enabled the adoption of digital health platforms for self-monitoring and diagnosis. Notably, the pandemic has had profound effects on athletes and their ability to train and compete. Sporting organizations worldwide have reported a significant increase in injuries manifesting from changes in training regimens and match schedules resulting from extended quarantines. While current literature focuses on the use of wearable technology to monitor athlete workloads to guide training, there is a lack of literature suggesting how such technology can mediate the return to sport processes of athletes infected with COVID-19. This paper bridges this gap by providing recommendations to guide team physicians and athletic trainers on the utility of wearable technology for improving the well-being of athletes who may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, or tested negative but have had to quarantine due to a close exposure. We start by describing the physiologic changes that occur in athletes infected with COVID-19 with extended deconditioning from a musculoskeletal, psychological, cardiopulmonary, and thermoregulatory standpoint and review the evidence on how these athletes may safely return to play. We highlight opportunities for wearable technology to aid in the return-to-play process by offering a list of key parameters pertinent to the athlete affected by COVID-19. This paper provides the athletic community with a greater understanding of how wearable technology can be implemented in the rehabilitation process of these athletes and spurs opportunities for further innovations in wearables, digital health, and sports medicine to reduce injury burden in athletes of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv R Seshadri
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ethan R Harlow
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell L Thom
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael S Emery
- Sports Cardiology Center, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dermot M Phelan
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Düking
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Benjamin Geletka
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Rehabilitation Services and Sports Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Flannery
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jacob G Calcei
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Karns
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Salata
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - James E Voos
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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6
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Bartolomei S, Montesanto P, Lanzoni IM, Gatta G, Cortesi M, Fantozzi S. A Comparison between High and Low Cuff Pressures on Muscle Oxygen Saturation and Recovery Responses Following Blood-Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9138. [PMID: 36501840 PMCID: PMC9739770 DOI: 10.3390/s22239138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the recovery response and muscle oxygenation of a blood-flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR) session with high [HP: 80% of the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP)] and low cuff pressure (LP: 40% of AOP). Both exercise sessions included 4 sets to failure at the barbell preacher curl exercise. Twelve resistance trained men (27.4 ± 5.0 years; 83.5 ± 11.6 kg; 176.6 ± 7.0 cm) performed each protocol in a counterbalanced, randomized order. Maximal isometric force, muscle morphology and muscle soreness of the biceps brachii muscle were assessed at baseline, 15-min, 60-min and 24-h post each testing session. In addition, muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was assessed during each training session. A lower number of repetitions (p = 0.013) was detected in HP compared to LP. A lower SmO2 (p < 0.001) was detected in the recovery time between the sets in HP (mean: 47.6 ± 15.7%) compared to LP (mean: 68.9 ± 7.2%). No differences between the two trials (p > 0.05) were noted for isometric force, muscle architecture and soreness at any timepoint. Results indicate that, despite a high cuff pressure may induce a more hypoxic condition compared to a lower cuff pressure, recovery responses may not be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Bartolomei
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Montesanto
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gatta
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cortesi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Fantozzi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Yi Y, Chu X, Yu Z. EFFECT OF WEIGHT TRAINING ON LOWER LIMB STRENGTH IN SOCCER PLAYERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228052022_0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: There are many methods for lower limb explosive strength training in soccer athletes, and the most common is strength gain training by load increase. There is still no consensus on whether this type of training can influence jumping performance in soccer athletes. Objective: To explore the influence of muscle gain by added weight on jumping performance and lower limb muscle strength in soccer athletes. Methods: 60 participants were equally divided between high, low, and control training groups. The load was implemented with a weight vest for eight weeks. The training frequency was 40 to 60 minutes three times a week, and the training protocols and schedules of the two groups were the same, while the control group was not involved in any sports training. Results: The isokinetic muscle strength test of the left knee extensor before and after eight weeks of training showed no significant interaction between maximum torque and time to reach maximum torque at 60°/s and 180°/s (P > 0.05). After the jump test, a significant difference appears in the main effects on time factors between group A and group B. Conclusion: Strength training by load addition is an effective training method to improve the sport’s ability in the lower limbs of soccer athletes. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Zhida Yu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
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8
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Gandia-Soriano A, Salas-Montoro JA, Javaloyes A, Lorente-Casaus C, Zabala M, Priego Quesada JI, Mateo March M. Validity and reliability of two NIRS devices to measure resting hemoglobin in elite cyclists. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:875-880. [PMID: 35439835 DOI: 10.1055/a-1828-8499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new method to monitor internal training load from muscle oxygen saturation using near-infrared spectroscopy could be of practical application for research and training purposes. This technology has been validated in different scientific fields, including sport science, and Humon Hex and Moxy are two leading brands. However, its relationship with hemoglobin has not been studied. Forty-eight professional cyclists, 19 men and 29 women, underwent a blood test to measure hemoglobin in the early morning. Immediately afterwards, hemoglobin and muscle oxygenation were monitored at rest by Moxy and Humon Hex on their right quadriceps (where the skinfold was measured). Venous blood hemoglobin was higher than the measurement for both devices (p < 0.001). Both hemoglobin (p < 0.001) and muscle oxygen saturation measurements (p < 0.05) were higher in Humon Hex than for Moxy, and there was a reasonable reproducibility (ICC=0.35 for hemoglobin and 0.26 for muscle oxygen saturation). Skinfold had an inverse relationship with hemoglobin measurement (r = -0.85 p < 0.001 for Humon Hex and r = -0.75 p < 0.001 for Moxy). These findings suggest that resting hemoglobin data provided by these devices are not coincident with those of blood sample, and skinfold has an inverse relationship with blood hemoglobin measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gandia-Soriano
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Biophysics and Medical Physics Group (GIFIME), Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Salas-Montoro
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Granada, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Lorente-Casaus
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Biophysics and Medical Physics Group (GIFIME), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikel Zabala
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Granada, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Priego Quesada
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Biophysics and Medical Physics Group (GIFIME), Valencia, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Red Española de Investigación del Rendimiento Deportivo en Ciclismo y Mujer (REDICYM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Research Group in Sport Biomechanics (GIBD), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo March
- BMX, Spanish Cycling Federation, Alicante, Spain.,Sports Science, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Elche, Spain
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9
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Gonzalez AM, Pinzone AG, Lipes SE, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Allerton TD, Sell KM, Ghigiarelli JJ. Effect of watermelon supplementation on exercise performance, muscle oxygenation, and vessel diameter in resistance-trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1627-1638. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Lara B, Del Coso J. Effect of caffeine on muscle oxygen saturation during short-term all-out exercise: a double-blind randomized crossover study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3109-3117. [PMID: 35366092 PMCID: PMC9363319 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ergogenic effect of oral caffeine administration on short-term all-out exercise performance is well established. However, the potential mechanisms associated with caffeine's ergogenicity in this type of exercise are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether caffeine intake modifies muscle oxygen saturation during the 15-s Wingate Anaerobic Test. METHODS Fifteen moderately trained individuals (body mass = 67.4 ± 12.3 kg; height 171.3 ± 6.9 cm; age 31 ± 6 years) took part in two identical experimental trials after the ingestion of (a) 3 mg/kg of caffeine or (b) 3 mg/kg of cellulose (placebo). After 60 min for substances absorption, participants performed a 15-s Wingate test on a cycle ergometer against a load representing 7.5% of participant's body mass. Muscle oxygen saturation was continuously measured during exercise with near-infrared spectroscopy and blood lactate concentration was measured 1 min after exercise. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo, the oral administration of caffeine increased peak power by 2.9 ± 4.5% (from 9.65 ± 1.38 to. 9.92 ± 1.40 W/kg, P = 0.038; effect size (ES), 95% confidence intervals = 0.28, 0.05-0.51), mean power by 3.5 ± 6.2% (from 8.30 ± 1.08 to 8.57 ± 1.12 W/kg, P = 0.044; ES = 0.36, 0.01-0.71) and blood lactate concentration by 20.9 ± 24.7% (from 12.4 ± 2.6 to 14.8 ± 4.0 mmol/L, P = 0.005; ES = 0.59, 0.16-1.02). However, caffeine did not modify the curve of muscle oxygen desaturation during exercise (lowest value was 23.1 ± 14.1 and 23.4 ± 14.1%, P = 0.940). CONCLUSION Caffeine's ergogenic effect during short-term all-out exercise seems to be associated with an increased glycolytic metabolism with no influence of enhanced muscle oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ruiz-Moreno
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Lara
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain.
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11
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Impact of Red Spinach Extract Supplementation on Bench Press Performance, Muscle Oxygenation, and Cognitive Function in Resistance-Trained Males. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9060077. [PMID: 34071862 PMCID: PMC8227312 DOI: 10.3390/sports9060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of short-term dietary nitrate supplementation, in the form of red spinach extract (RSE), on bench press performance, muscle oxygenation, and cognitive function in resistance-trained males. Ten resistance-trained males participated in this randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, double-blind investigation. Each participant completed 7 days of either RSE (2 g; 180 mg NO3−) or a maltodextrin placebo (PL) in a counterbalanced fashion with a 14-day washout between treatments. During experimental visits, participants were provided their 8th and last dose of RSE or PL 40 min before completing 5 sets of the barbell bench press exercise to failure at 75% of a predetermined 1-repetition maximum with 2 min rest intervals. Mean and peak power were recorded via a linear transducer. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was implemented to estimate muscle oxygenation, a Stroop Test was used to assess cognitive function, and subjective performance ratings were obtained in relation to the acute resistance exercise sessions. Data were analyzed via separate repeated measures analyses of variance. There were no time by group interactions for bench press repetitions (p = 0.549), peak power (p = 0.061), or mean power (p = 0.877) across the 5 sets of bench press. Additionally, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for any measure of muscle oxygenation, Stroop performance, or subjective performance ratings. It appears that 7 days of RSE supplementation did not alter performance, muscle oxygenation, nor Stroop scores during or following the bench press exercise in resistance-trained males.
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Changes in Muscle Oxygen Saturation Measured Using Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Resistance Training: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084293. [PMID: 33919532 PMCID: PMC8074101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to report, through a systematic review of the literature, the baseline and final reference values obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during resistance training in healthy adults. Methods: Original research studies were searched from four databases (Scopus, PubMed, WOS, and SportDiscus). Subsequently, three independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts, followed by full-text reviews to assess the studies’ eligibility. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, data were extracted and methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. Muscle oxygen saturation (% SmO2) during reported muscle strength exercises showed a decreasing trend after a muscle strength protocol; that is, before the protocol (range = 68.07–77.9%) and after (range = 9.50–46.09%). Conclusions: The trend of the SmO2 variables is to decrease after a muscle strength protocol. Studies are lacking that allow expanding the use of these devices during this type of training.
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Vasquez-Bonilla AA, Camacho-Cardeñosa A, Timón R, Martínez-Guardado I, Camacho-Cardeñosa M, Olcina G. Muscle Oxygen Desaturation and Re-Saturation Capacity Limits in Repeated Sprint Ability Performance in Women Soccer Players: A New Physiological Interpretation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073484. [PMID: 33801649 PMCID: PMC8037739 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle oxygen consumption could provide information on oxidative metabolism in women soccer players. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze muscle oxygenation dynamics during repeated sprint ability (RSA): (8 sprint × 20 s recovery) by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The sample was made up of 38 professional women soccer players. To measure the external load, the best time, worst time, average time, individual speed, sprint decrement, and power were assessed. In connection with the internal load, the desaturation (sprint) and re-saturation (recovery) rates, as well as the oxygen extraction (∇%SmO2) in the gastrocnemius muscle and maximum heart rate (%HRmax) were measured. A repeated measures statistic was applied based on the inter-individual response of each subject from the baseline versus the other sprints, with linear regression and nonlinear regression analyses between variables. There was an increase in the SmO2: desaturation rate after four sprints (Δ = 32%), in the re-saturation rate after six sprints (Δ = 89%), and in ∇%SmO2 after four sprints (Δ = 72.1%). There was a linear association between the rates of desaturation and re-saturation relationships and the worst time (r = 0.85), and a non-linear association between ∇%SmO2 and speed (r = 0.89) and between ∇%SmO2 and the sprint decrease (r = 0.93). The progressive increase in SmO2 during RSA is a performance limitation to maintain a high speed; it depends on the capacity of fatigue resistance. Therefore, monitoring the muscle oxygenation dynamics could be a useful tool to evaluate the performance in women soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo A. Vasquez-Bonilla
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.A.V.-B.); (G.O.); Tel.: +34-927-257-461 (A.A.V.-B. & G.O.)
| | - Alba Camacho-Cardeñosa
- Faculty of Languages and Education, University of Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (M.C.-C.)
| | - Rafael Timón
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | | | - Marta Camacho-Cardeñosa
- Faculty of Languages and Education, University of Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (M.C.-C.)
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.A.V.-B.); (G.O.); Tel.: +34-927-257-461 (A.A.V.-B. & G.O.)
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Reliability of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Determination of Muscular Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin Concentration during Rest, Isometric and Dynamic Strength Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238824. [PMID: 33261036 PMCID: PMC7730940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to establish the reliability of the Humon Hex near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) at rest and during isometric and dynamic strength exercises using a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD). Methods: The SmO2 and Hgb values of sixteen healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation (SD): Age = 36.1 ± 6.4 years) were recorded at rest and during isometry (8 s), dynamic strength I (initial load of 40% of the average isometric load, with 2 kg increments until muscle failure) and dynamic strength II (same as I, but with an initial load of 40% of the maximum isometric load) activity. To evaluate the reliability in the determination of SmO2 and Hgb of this device, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were obtained. Results: The main results obtained are SmO2 at rest (CV = 5.76%, SEM = 3.81, ICC = 0.90), isometric strength (CV = 3.03%, SEM = 2.08, ICC = 0.92), dynamic strength I (CV = 10.6, SEM = 7.17, ICC = 0.22) and dynamic strength II (CV = 9.69, SEM = 6.75, ICC = 0.32); Hgb at rest (CV = 1.97%, SEM = 0.24, ICC = 0.65), isometric strength (CV = 0.98%, SEM = 0.12, ICC = 0.96), dynamic strength I (CV = 3.25, SEM = 0.40, ICC = 0.54) and dynamic strength II (CV = 2.74, SEM = 0.34, ICC = 0.65). Conclusions: The study shows that Humon Hex is a reliable device to obtain SmO2 and Hgb data in healthy adult subjects at rest and during isometric strength, providing precision for measurements made with this device.
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