1
|
Crenshaw K, Zeppieri G, Hung CJ, Schmitfranz T, McCall P, Castellini G, Gianola S, Pozzi F. Olympic Weightlifting Training for Sprint Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:411-421. [PMID: 37640059 DOI: 10.1055/a-2161-4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether Olympic weightlifting (OW) exercises would improve sprint performance when compared to a control intervention, (no training, standard sport-specific training, traditional resistance training, or plyometric training). Medline, Web of Science, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Biological Science from inception to September 2022 was searched. Two authors independently selected the included studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. The primary meta-analysis combined the results of the sprint performance over the full length of each sprint test. The secondary meta-analyses combined the results of the sprint performance at 5, 10, and 20 m distance to capture information about the acceleration phase of the sprint tests. Eight studies with 206 athletes (female n=10, age range: 18.9-24.2 years) were identified. Sprint performance did not differ significantly comparing OW to the control intervention, nor at the full length (standardized mean difference=-0.07, 95% CI=-0.47 to 0.34, p=0.75, I2=46%) or during the acceleration phase (p≥0.26) of the sprint test. OW training does not improve sprint performance to a greater extent than comparator interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Crenshaw
- Sports Physical Therapy Residency program, UF Health, Gainesville, United States
| | | | - Cheng-Ju Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, UF Health, Gainesville, United States
| | | | - Patti McCall
- George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | | | - Silvia Gianola
- Orthopedics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Pozzi
- Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Feng X, Huang L, Wang K, Mi J. Comparative efficacy of concurrent training types on lower limb strength and muscular hypertrophy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:86-96. [PMID: 38187085 PMCID: PMC10767279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to compare, through quantitative analysis, the effectiveness of different endurance training types on increasing lower limb strength and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) in concurrent training. Methods This systematic literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) [PROSPERO ID: CRD42023396886]. Web of Science, SportDiscuss, Pubmed, Cochrane, and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception date to October 20, 2023. Results A total of 40 studies (841 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. MCSA analysis showed that, compared to resistance training alone, concurrent high-intensity interval running training and resistance training and concurrent moderate-intensity continuous cycling training and resistance training were more effective (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = -0.46 to 0.76, and SMD = 0.07, 95% CI = -0.24 to 0.38 respectively), while other modalities of concurrent training not. Lower body maximal strength analysis showed that all modalities of concurrent training were inferior to resistance training alone, but concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training showed an advantage in four different concurrent training modalities (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.25 to 0.08). For explosive strength, only concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training was superior to resistance training (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.21 to 0.33). Conclusion Different endurance training types have an impact on the effectiveness of concurrent training, particularly on lower limb strength. Adopting high-intensity interval running as the endurance training type in concurrent training can effectively minimize the adverse effects on lower limb strength and MCSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Chen
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinmiao Feng
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lanmin Huang
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Keli Wang
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Mi
- School of Competitive Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang J, Ye Z, Yin X, Zhou C, Gong B. Effects of Concurrent Strength and HIIT-Based Endurance Training on Physical Fitness in Trained Team Sports Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14800. [PMID: 36429528 PMCID: PMC9690105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent strength and HIIT-based endurance training (CT) has merit in time-saving in team sports. However, the effect of CT on physical fitness remained equivocal. This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether CT would produce an interference effect on the development of physical fitness when compared to strength training (ST) or HIIT-based endurance training (HET) alone in trained team sports players. METHODS A total of 2478 studies from three databases were screened. 52 full texts were reviewed. Seven studies were finally included and then subgroups were used for quantitative analysis. RESULTS Compared to ST alone, CT had a significant effect on the development of maximal lower-body strength in trained team sports players (MD 4.20 kg, 95% CI 0.71-7.68, p = 0.02, I2 = 20%), but there was no significant difference between the groups on training adaptation in lower-body power (SMD 0.08, 95% CI -0.23-0.39, p = 0.62, I2 = 26%). Furthermore, a sub-group analysis based on the internal organization order of CT revealed that there was no statistically significant subgroup effect between CT and ST alone in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS Well-designed CT regimens did not interfere with the development of physical fitness of trained team sports players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhijing Ye
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Shenhua FC, No. 2600 Hu Nan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xinxing Yin
- School of Marxism Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bo Gong
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cecilia-Gallego P, Odriozola A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Álvarez-Herms J. Acute effects of overspeed stimuli with towing system on athletic sprint performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:704-716. [PMID: 34991419 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2015165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Overspeed-based training is widely used to improve athletes' maximum running speed and towing systems are one of the most frequently employed methods for this purpose. However, the effectiveness of this modality has not been thoroughly determined. This review analyzes the acute effects of overspeed conditions with towing systems in sprinters. The articles were searched, analysed and selected following the PRISMA methodology in the PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar databases. Sixteen studies were included, with a total sample of 240 men and 56 women (14 to 31y; 1.73 to 1.82 m; 66.2 to 77.0 kg). The main acute responses found were: 1) an increase in maximum running speed (ES = 1.54, large), stride length (ES = 0.92, moderate), flight time (ES = 0.28, small) and stride rate (ES = 0.12, trivial); and, 2) a decrease in contact time (ES = 0.57, small). However, analysis of the reported ground reaction forces and electromyography data did not provide enough consistent evidence to conclusively determine whether the changes are due to a greater muscular response of the athlete or the effect of the towing system. Future research should focus on studying the mechanisms responsible for the observed acute effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Cecilia-Gallego
- Health and Sport Sciences University School (Euses), Rovira I Virgili University, Amposta, Spain.,National Institute of Physical Education (Inefc), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (Upv/ehu), Leioa, Spain.,Kdna Genomics®, University of the Basque Country Upv/ehu, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| | - Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido
- Health and Sport Sciences University School (Euses), Rovira I Virgili University, Amposta, Spain.,Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (Upv/ehu), Leioa, Spain.,Kdna Genomics®, University of the Basque Country Upv/ehu, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bayat D, Tadibi V. Acute growth hormone response to concurrent strength–sprint training with different orders in strength-trained men. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Vechin FC, Conceição MS, Telles GD, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C. Interference Phenomenon with Concurrent Strength and High-Intensity Interval Training-Based Aerobic Training: An Updated Model. Sports Med 2021; 51:599-605. [PMID: 33405189 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that concurrent training (CT) may attenuate resistance training (RT)-induced gains in muscle strength and mass, i.e.' the interference effect. In 2000, a seminal theoretical model indicated that the interference effect should occur when high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (repeated bouts at 95-100% of the aerobic power) and RT (multiple sets at ~ 10 repetition maximum;10 RM) were performed in the same training routine. However, there was a paucity of data regarding the likelihood of other HIIT-based CT protocols to induce the interference effect at the time. Thus, based on current HIIT-based CT literature and HIIT nomenclature and framework, the present manuscript updates the theoretical model of the interference phenomenon previously proposed. We suggest that very intense HIIT protocols [i.e., resisted sprint training (RST), and sprint interval training (SIT)] can greatly minimize the odds of occurring the interference effect on muscle strength and mass. Thus, very intensive HIIT protocols should be implemented when performing CT to avoid the interference effect. Long and short HIIT-based CT protocols may induce the interference effect on muscle strength when HIIT bout is performed before RT with no rest interval between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Vechin
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
- MUSCULAB, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations To Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Miguel S Conceição
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Guilherme D Telles
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations To Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dorgo S, Perales JJ, Boyle JB, Hausselle J, Montalvo S. Sprint Training on a Treadmill vs. Overground Results in Modality-Specific Impact on Sprint Performance but Similar Positive Improvement in Body Composition in Young Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:463-472. [PMID: 30741862 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dorgo, S, Perales, JJ, Boyle, JB, Hausselle, J, and Montalvo, S. Sprint training on a treadmill vs. overground results in modality-specific impact on sprint performance but similar positive improvement in body composition in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 463-472, 2020-The effects of different sprint training modalities on body composition are not yet known, and the effectiveness of using motorized treadmills for sprint training is yet to be assessed accurately. The following study investigated the effects of motorized treadmill and overground training on sprint performance and body composition. Sixty-four young adults (33 men and 31 women) completed 12 sprint training sessions over a 6-week period either on a treadmill (TM) or overground (TR), or followed their normal exercise routine (CONTROL). Fifty-yard sprint time, 20-yard maximal sprint speed split time, and maximal treadmill speed were used as sprint performance indicators. Body composition and sprint performance assessments were completed before and after the 6-week intervention. On completion of the 6-week training program, maximal treadmill speed significantly increased for all 3 groups, while split sprint time significantly decreased for the TR group. The CONTROL group's 50-yd sprint time and split sprint time significantly worsened after 6 weeks. Improvements in sprint time and speed were significantly greater for the TR and TM groups compared with the CONTROL group for 50-yd sprint time, 20-yard maximal sprint speed split time, and maximal treadmill sprint speed. The change in maximal treadmill sprint speed for the TM group was significantly greater than that of the TR group. TR and TM subjects also showed significant decrease in total body fat and increase in leg lean muscle mass. These findings indicate that although overground sprint training resulted in the greatest performance improvements within overground sprint tests, sprint training on a motorized treadmill may be a beneficial alternative modality to overground sprint training and may also positively impact subjects' body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Dorgo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; and
| | - Jeremy J Perales
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; and
| | - Jason B Boyle
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; and
| | - Jerome Hausselle
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Samuel Montalvo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benítez-Flores S, Medeiros AR, Voltarelli FA, Iglesias-Soler E, Doma K, Simões HG, Rosa TS, Boullosa DA. Combined effects of very short "all out" efforts during sprint and resistance training on physical and physiological adaptations after 2 weeks of training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1337-1351. [PMID: 30879186 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the combined effects of resistance and sprint training, with very short efforts (5 s), on aerobic and anaerobic performances, and cardiometabolic health-related parameters in young healthy adults. METHODS Thirty young physically active individuals were randomly allocated into four groups: resistance training (RTG), sprint interval training (SITG), concurrent training (CTG), and control (CONG). Participants trained 3 days/week for 2 weeks in the high-intensity interventions that consisted of 6-12 "all out" efforts of 5 s separated by 24 s of recovery, totalizing ~ 13 min per session, with 48-72 h of recovery between sessions. Body composition, vertical jump, lower body strength, aerobic and anaerobic performances, heart rate variability (HRV), and redox status were evaluated before and after training. Total work (TW), rating of perceived exertion (CR-10 RPE) and mean HR (HRmean) were monitored during sessions. Incidental physical activity (PA), dietary intake and perceived stress were also controlled. RESULTS Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) significantly increased in SITG and CTG (P < 0.05). Lower body strength improved in RTG and CTG (P < 0.05), while countermovement jump (CMJ) was improved in RTG (P = 0.04) only. Redox status improved after all interventions (P < 0.05). No differences were found in TW, PA, dietary intake, and psychological stress between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RT and SIT protocols with very short "all out" efforts, either performed in isolation, or combined, demonstrated improvement in several physical fitness- and health-related parameters. However, CT was the most efficient exercise intervention with improvement observed in the majority of the parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - André R Medeiros
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Eliseo Iglesias-Soler
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Kenji Doma
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Boullosa
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Caterisano A, Hutchison R, Parker C, James S, Opskar S. Improved Functional Power Over a 5-Week Period: Comparison of Combined Weight Training to Flexible Barbell Training. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2109-2115. [PMID: 29912077 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caterisano, A, Hutchison, R, Parker, C, James, S, and Opskar, S. Improved functional power over a 5-week period: Comparison of combined weight training with flexible barbell training. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2109-2115, 2018-Previous studies demonstrated increased power development with various resistance-training modes over short training periods of 4-7 weeks through neuromuscular adaptations. The purpose of this study was to compare 2 different power-training regimens over a 5-week period: combined weight training program (CT) using speed-lifts and plyometrics vs. flexible barbell (FB) training. College football players (n = 28) were randomly assigned to either FB or CT training groups. The CT group followed a combined weight training program using 45-65% of 1 repetition maximum, and the FB group used an FB with a fixed mass of 56.82 kg for all lifts. Both groups performed similar lifts 4 days per week in a split routine, alternating muscle groups. Subjects were tested before and after the training period by the vertical jump (VJ), long jump, medicine ball (MB) throw, and Margaria-Kalamen stair power test. Pre- to post-tests, both groups experienced significant increases in VJ (CT: 57.9 ± 8.9 to 64.5 ± 7.9 cm, FB: 68.1 ± 6.9 to 74.9 ± 6.6 cm) and MB (CT: 513.3 ± 69.3 to 594.9 ± 78.2 cm, FB: 510.0 ± 41.4 to 613.9 ± 52.6 cm) that were not significantly different between training modes. Long jump improved significantly only in FB (248.4 ± 23.1 to 254.3 ± 24.6 cm) and not in CT. The Margaria-Kalamen stair power test result improved in both groups but FB improved at a significantly higher level than CT (CT: 40.6 ± 2.3 to 44.3 ± 2.2 W, FB: 41.0 ± 1.7 to 48.8 ± 1.8 W). The results suggest that both FB and CT training improved power over a 5-week training period, but that FB training may be more effective than CT in lower-body power development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Caterisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cross MR, Brughelli M, Samozino P, Morin JB. Methods of Power-Force-Velocity Profiling During Sprint Running: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2018; 47:1255-1269. [PMID: 27896682 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the human body to generate maximal power is linked to a host of performance outcomes and sporting success. Power-force-velocity relationships characterize limits of the neuromuscular system to produce power, and their measurement has been a common topic in research for the past century. Unfortunately, the narrative of the available literature is complex, with development occurring across a variety of methods and technology. This review focuses on the different equipment and methods used to determine mechanical characteristics of maximal exertion human sprinting. Stationary cycle ergometers have been the most common mode of assessment to date, followed by specialized treadmills used to profile the mechanical outputs of the limbs during sprint running. The most recent methods use complex multiple-force plate lengths in-ground to create a composite profile of over-ground sprint running kinetics across repeated sprints, and macroscopic inverse dynamic approaches to model mechanical variables during over-ground sprinting from simple time-distance measures during a single sprint. This review outlines these approaches chronologically, with particular emphasis on the computational theory developed and how this has shaped subsequent methodological approaches. Furthermore, training applications are presented, with emphasis on the theory underlying the assessment of optimal loading conditions for power production during resisted sprinting. Future implications for research, based on past and present methodological limitations, are also presented. It is our aim that this review will assist in the understanding of the convoluted literature surrounding mechanical sprint profiling, and consequently improve the implementation of such methods in future research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt R Cross
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sabag A, Najafi A, Michael S, Esgin T, Halaki M, Hackett D. The compatibility of concurrent high intensity interval training and resistance training for muscular strength and hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2472-2483. [PMID: 29658408 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1464636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of concurrent high intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on strength and hypertrophy. Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to HIIT, RT, and concurrent training. Effect size (ES), calculated as standardised differences in the means, were used to examine the effect of concurrent HIIT and RT compared to RT alone on muscle strength and hypertrophy. Sub-analyses were performed to assess region-specific strength and hypertrophy, HIIT modality (cycling versus running), and inter-modal rest responses. Compared to RT alone, concurrent HIIT and RT led to similar changes in muscle hypertrophy and upper body strength. Concurrent HIIT and RT resulted in a lower increase in lower body strength compared to RT alone (ES = -0.248, p = 0.049). Sub analyses showed a trend for lower body strength to be negatively affected by cycling HIIT (ES = -0.377, p = 0.074) and not running (ES = -0.176, p = 0.261). Data suggests concurrent HIIT and RT does not negatively impact hypertrophy or upper body strength, and that any possible negative effect on lower body strength may be ameliorated by incorporating running based HIIT and longer inter-modal rest periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sabag
- a Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Lidcombe NSW Australia
| | - Abdolrahman Najafi
- b Department of Sports Science , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Scott Michael
- c Centre for Human and Applied Physiology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
| | - Tuguy Esgin
- a Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Lidcombe NSW Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- a Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Lidcombe NSW Australia
| | - Daniel Hackett
- a Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Lidcombe NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prieske O, Krüger T, Aehle M, Bauer E, Granacher U. Effects of Resisted Sprint Training and Traditional Power Training on Sprint, Jump, and Balance Performance in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29551981 PMCID: PMC5840954 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Power training programs have proved to be effective in improving components of physical fitness such as speed. According to the concept of training specificity, it was postulated that exercises must attempt to closely mimic the demands of the respective activity. When transferring this idea to speed development, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of resisted sprint (RST) vs. traditional power training (TPT) on physical fitness in healthy young adults. Thirty-five healthy, physically active adults were randomly assigned to a RST (n = 10, 23 ± 3 years), a TPT (n = 9, 23 ± 3 years), or a passive control group (n = 16, 23 ± 2 years). RST and TPT exercised for 6 weeks with three training sessions/week each lasting 45-60 min. RST comprised frontal and lateral sprint exercises using an expander system with increasing levels of resistance that was attached to a treadmill (h/p/cosmos). TPT included ballistic strength training at 40% of the one-repetition-maximum for the lower limbs (e.g., leg press, knee extensions). Before and after training, sprint (20-m sprint), change-of-direction speed (T-agility test), jump (drop, countermovement jump), and balance performances (Y balance test) were assessed. ANCOVA statistics revealed large main effects of group for 20-m sprint velocity and ground contact time (0.81 ≤ d ≤ 1.00). Post-hoc tests showed higher sprint velocity following RST and TPT (0.69 ≤ d ≤ 0.82) when compared to the control group, but no difference between RST and TPT. Pre-to-post changes amounted to 4.5% for RST [90%CI: (-1.1%;10.1%), d = 1.23] and 2.6% for TPT [90%CI: (0.4%;4.8%), d = 1.59]. Additionally, ground contact times during sprinting were shorter following RST and TPT (0.68 ≤ d ≤ 1.09) compared to the control group, but no difference between RST and TPT. Pre-to-post changes amounted to -6.3% for RST [90%CI: (-11.4%;-1.1%), d = 1.45) and -2.7% for TPT [90%CI: (-4.2%;-1.2%), d = 2.36]. Finally, effects for change-of-direction speed, jump, and balance performance varied from small-to-large. The present findings indicate that 6 weeks of RST and TPT produced similar effects on 20-m sprint performance compared with a passive control in healthy and physically active, young adults. However, no training-related effects were found for change-of-direction speed, jump and balance performance. We conclude that both training regimes can be applied for speed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Prieske
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
La Monica MB, Fukuda DH, Miramonti AA, Beyer KS, Hoffman MW, Boone CH, Tanigawa S, Wang R, Church DD, Stout JR, Hoffman JR. Physical Differences Between Forwards and Backs in American Collegiate Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2382-91. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Bolger R, Lyons M, Harrison AJ, Kenny IC. Sprinting Performance and Resistance-Based Training Interventions. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1146-56. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
15
|
Rumpf MC, Cronin JB, Mohamad IN, Mohamad S, Oliver JL, Hughes MG. The effect of resisted sprint training on maximum sprint kinetics and kinematics in youth. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 15:374-81. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.955125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
16
|
Cross MR, Brughelli ME, Cronin JB. Effects of Vest Loading on Sprint Kinetics and Kinematics. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:1867-74. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the load which allows the highest peak power for resisted sprinting on a non-motorized treadmill and to determine if other variables are related to individual differences. Thirty college students were tested for vertical jump, vertical jump peak and mean power, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, leg press 1 RM, leg press 1 RM relative to body weight, leg press 1 RM relative to lean body mass, leg press 1 RM power, and leg press power at 80% of 1 RM. Participants performed eight resisted sprints on a non-motorized treadmill, with increasing relative loads expressed as percent of body weight. Sprint peak power was measured for each load. Pearson correlations were used to determine if relationships between the sprint peak power load and the other variables were significant. The sprint peak power load had a mode of 35% with 73% of all participants having a relative sprint peak power load between 25–35%. Significant correlations occurred between sprint peak power load and body weight, lean body mass, vertical jump peak and mean power, leg press 1 RM, leg press 1 RM relative to lean body mass, leg press 1 RM power, and leg press power at 80% of 1 RM (r = 0.44, 0.43, 0.39, 0.37, 0.47, 0.39, 0.46, and 0.47, respectively). Larger, stronger, more powerful athletes produced peak power at a higher relative load during resisted sprinting on a non-motorized treadmill.
Collapse
|
18
|
Harris KB, Brown LE, Statler TA, Noffal GJ, Bartolini JA. Effect of one- vs. two-stair climb training on sprint power. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 28:3100-4. [PMID: 23820566 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182a20f42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although running stairs is often used in sport conditioning programs, at present, little research has examined the effect of stair climb training on sprint power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of running stairs either 1 stair (1S) or 2 stairs (2S) at a time on power. Fourteen male college track and field athletes were randomized into 3 groups; 1S, 2S, or control (C). All groups were pre- and posttested for 1S, 2S, and 40-m sprint split times. The 1S and 2S groups trained twice per week, for 4 weeks, performing 10 sets of climbing 68 total stairs with 2.5-minute rest between trials. The greatest power values (W) from pre- and poststairs and sprint splits were used for statistical analyses. There was a significant (p < 0.05) interaction of group × time for stair climb. The 1S group increased power for the 1S test (pre-1,492.89 ± 123.76; post-1,647.41 ± 73.65) with no change in the 2S test (pre-2,428.80 ± 414.81; post-2,430.32 ± 154.90), whereas the 2S group increased power for the 2S test (pre-2,343.73 ± 317.50; post-2,646.17 ± 305.43) with no change in the 1S test (pre-1,516.69 ± 210.64; post-1,529.38 ± 236.69). The C group showed no change in either stair test (1S: pre-1,403.35 ± 238.67, post-1,384.38 ± 153.32; 2S: pre-2,285.93 ± 345.03, post-2,261.85 ± 356.88). There were no significant interactions or main effects for any sprint split power (40 m: pre-5,337.13 ± 611.86, post-5,318.68 ± 586.24).Therefore, stair climb training either 1 or 2 at a time did not affect 40-m sprint split power but increased power for the specific stair training type. Coaches should choose the number of stairs that are similar in time and power output to sprint training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenten B Harris
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Center for Sport Performance, California State University, Fullerton, California
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Johnson AW, Eastman CS, Feland JB, Mitchell UH, Mortensen BB, Eggett D. Effect of high-speed treadmill training with a body weight support system in a sport acceleration program with female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 27:1496-502. [PMID: 22986445 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31826cac04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maximum running speed and acceleration are essential components in many sports. The identification of specific training protocols to maximize sprint speed would be useful knowledge for coaches and players. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a high-speed treadmill (HST) with the use of a body weight support (BWS) system in a 6-week sport acceleration program (SAP) on female soccer athlete's 40-yard sprint time and maximal isometric knee flexor and extensor strength. Two treatment groups and one control group were created. Both treatment groups participated in a 12-session SAP. The first treatment group (n = 12) used a BWS system while running on a HST; the second group (n = 12) used a standard treadmill (ST) with no BWS system. The participants of the control group (n = 8), NT, did not participate in a sports acceleration program and did not alter their exercise routines outside of the study. An analysis of covariance was performed using baseline measures as the covariate. The 40-yard sprint times for both treatment groups were shown to improve significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Isometric knee flexor strength showed a greater increase in the ST group (p = 0.026) than in the other 2 groups, whereas knee extensor strengths did not show significant differences between treatment groups and control group (p > 0.05). Participants in the ST group had a much higher rate (66%) of shin splints and foot pain throughout the study than those in the HST (8%) and NT (0%) groups. These results can help high school coaches and athletes determine the optimal treadmill training regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wayne Johnson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Kang J. Performance changes during a college playing career in NCAA division III football athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 25:2351-7. [PMID: 21747290 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31821743df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare anthropometric and athletic performance variables during the playing career of NCAA Division III college football players. Two hundred and eighty-nine college football players were assessed for height, body mass, body composition, 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) bench press, 1RM squat, vertical jump height (VJ), vertical jump peak, and vertical jump mean (VJMP) power, 40-yd sprint speed (40S), agility, and line drill (LD) over an 8-year period. All testing occurred at the beginning of summer training camp in each of the seasons studied. Data from all years of testing were combined. Players in their fourth and fifth (red-shirt year) seasons of competition were significantly (p < 0.05) heavier than first-year players. Significant increases in strength were seen during the course of the athletes' collegiate career (31.0% improvement in the 1RM bench press and 36.0% increase in squat strength). The VJ was significantly greater during the fourth year of competition compared to in the previous 3 years of play. Vertical jump peak and VJMP were significantly elevated from years 1 and 2 and were significantly higher during year 4 than during any previous season of competition. No significant changes in 40S or LD time were seen during the athletes playing career. Fatigue rate for the LD (fastest time/slowest time of 3 LD) significantly improved from the first (83.4 ± 6.4%) to second season (85.1 ± 6.5%) of competition. Fatigue rates in the fourth (88.3 ± 4.8%) and fifth (91.2 ± 5.2%) seasons were significantly greater than in any previous season. Strength and power performance improvements appear to occur throughout the football playing career of NCAA Division III athletes. However, the ability to significantly improve speed and agility may be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Hoffman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tran TT, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Lynn SK, Dabbs NC, Schick MK, Schick EE, Khamoui AV, Uribe BP, Noffal GJ. Effects of Different Elastic Cord Assistance Levels on Vertical Jump. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:3472-8. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318217664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Nguyen D, Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Noffal GJ, Tran T. Relationship Between Force-Time and Velocity-Time Characteristics of Dynamic and Isometric Muscle Actions. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:198-204. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b94a7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Performance and physiological responses to repeated-sprint exercise: a novel multiple-set approach. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:669-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
24
|
Hauschildt MD. Integrating High-Speed Treadmills Into a Traditional Strength and Conditioning Program for Speed and Power Sports. Strength Cond J 2010. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0b013e3181caddd9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|