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Xue X, Hao Y, Yang X, Zhang C, Xu J, Wu X, Deng Z, Li N. Effect of Kinesio tape and Compression sleeves on delayed onset of muscle soreness: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:392. [PMID: 37198619 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Kinesio Tape (KT) and Compression Sleeves (CS) can relieve Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) to a certain extent, but there is no study report on the difference in the effectiveness of the KT and CS whether the effect is better when used at the same time. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of KT and CS on the recovery of muscle soreness, isokinetic strength, and body fatigue after DOMS. METHODS In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 32 participants aged 18 to 24 years were randomly divided into Control group (CG), Compression Sleeves group (CSG), Kinesio Tape group (KTG), Compression Sleeves and Kinesio Tape group (CSKTG), between October 2021 and January 2022. KTG uses Kinesio Tape, CSG wears Compression Sleeves, and CSKTG uses both Compression Sleeves and Kinesio Tape. Outcomes were performed at five-time points (baseline, 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h), Primary outcome was pain level Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Secondary outcomes were Interleukin 6, Peak Torque/Body Weight, Work Fatigue. Statistical analyses were performed using the repeated measures analysis of variance method. SETTING Laboratory. RESULTS After the intervention, VAS reached the highest at 24 h after exercise-induced muscle soreness, while the KTG and CSG at each time point were less than CG, and the scores of CSKTG at 24 h and 48 h were less than those of KTG and CSG in the same period (P < 0.05). Interleukin 6, at 24 h, CSKTG is lower than KTG 0.71(95%CI: 0.43 to 1.86) and CG 1.68(95%CI: 0.06 to 3.29). Peak Torque/Body Weight, at 24 h, CG was lower than CSKTG 0.99(95%CI: 0.42 to 1.56), KTG 0.94(95%CI: 0.37 to 1.52), and CSG 0.72(95%CI: 0.14 to 1.29); at 72 h, CG was lower than CSKTG 0.65(95%CI: 0.13 to 1.17) and KTG 0.58(95%CI: 0.06 to 1.10). Work Fatigue, at 24 h, CG was lower than KTG 0.10(95%CI: 0.02 to 1.78) and CSKTG 0.01(95%CI: -0.07 to 0.09). At 48 h, CG was lower than KTG 0.10(95%CI: 0.13 to 1.17) and CSKTG 0.11(95%CI: 0.03 to 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Kinesio Tape can significantly reduce DOMS pain, and Kinesio Tape has a better recovery effect on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness than Compression Sleeves. Kinesio Tape combined with Compression Sleeves is helpful to alleviate the Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness pain, speeding up the recovery of muscle strength, and shortening the recovery time after Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number: This study was also registered on 11/10/2021, at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051973).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Xue
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuerong Hao
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongyi Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Do Sports Compression Garments Alter Measures of Peripheral Blood Flow? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:481-501. [PMID: 36622554 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the proposed mechanisms underlying the benefits of sports compression garments may be alterations in peripheral blood flow. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine if sports compression garments alter measures of peripheral blood flow at rest, as well as during, immediately after and in recovery from a physiological challenge (i.e. exercise or an orthostatic challenge). METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of databases including Scopus, SPORTDiscus and PubMed/MEDLINE. The criteria for inclusion of studies were: (1) original papers in English and a peer-reviewed journal; (2) assessed effect of compression garments on a measure of peripheral blood flow at rest and/or before, during or after a physiological challenge; (3) participants were healthy and without cardiovascular or metabolic disorders; and (4) a study population including athletes and physically active or healthy participants. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used. Changes in blood flow were quantified by standardised mean difference (SMD) [± 95% confidence interval (CI)]. RESULTS Of the 899 articles identified, 22 studies were included for the meta-analysis. The results indicated sports compression garments improve overall peripheral blood flow (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13, 0.51, p = 0.001), venous blood flow (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.14, 0.60, p = 0.002) and arterial blood flow (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.01, 0.59, p = 0.04). At rest, sports compression garments did not improve peripheral blood flow (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI - 0.02, 0.39, p = 0.08). However, subgroup analyses revealed sports compression garments enhance venous (SMD = 0.31 95% CI 0.02, 0.60, p = 0.03), but not arterial (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI - 0.16, 0.40, p = 0.16), blood flow. During a physiological challenge, peripheral blood flow was improved (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.19, 0.69, p = 0.0007), with subgroup analyses revealing sports compression garments enhance venous (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI 0.11, 0.85, p = 0.01) and arterial blood flow (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.03, 0.86, p = 0.04). At immediately after a physiological challenge, there were no changes in peripheral blood flow (SMD = - 0.04, 95% CI - 0.43, 0.34, p = 0.82) or subgroup analyses of venous (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 1.32, 0.47, p = 0.35) and arterial (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI - 0.26, 0.51, p = 0.53) blood flow. In recovery, sports compression garments did not improve peripheral blood flow (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI - 0.45, 0.95, p = 0.49). The subgroup analyses showed enhanced venous (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI 0.17, 1.17, p = 0.009), but not arterial blood flow (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI - 1.06, 1.09, p = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Use of sports compression garments enhances venous blood flow at rest, during and in recovery from, but not immediately after, a physiological challenge. Compression-induced changes in arterial blood flow were only evident during a physiological challenge.
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Biddulph B, Morris JG, Lewis M, Hunter K, Sunderland C. Reliability of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with and without Compression Tights during Exercise and Recovery Activities. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020023. [PMID: 36828308 PMCID: PMC9965473 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is widely used in sports science research, despite the limited reliability of available data. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of NIRS with and without compression tights. Thirteen healthy active males, (age 21.5 ± 2.7 years, body mass 82.1 ± 11.2 kg, BMI 24.6 ± 3.2 kg·m-2) completed four trials (two control trials and two trials using compression tights) over a 28-day period. During each trial, participants completed 20 min each of laying supine, sitting, walking (4 km·h-1), jogging, and sitting following the jogging. An NIRS device was attached to the muscle belly of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius and recorded tissue saturation index (TSI), muscle oxygenation, and muscle deoxygenation. Systematic bias and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to report reliability measures for each activity type. For TSI, systematic bias (LOA) at the gastrocnemius during the control and tights trial ranged from -0.4 to 1.7% (4.4 to 10.3%) and -1.9 to 3.5% (8.1 to 12.0%), respectively. For the vastus lateralis, the systematic bias (LOA) for the control trial ranged from -2.4 to 1.0% (5.1 to 6.9%) and for the tights trial was -0.8 to 0.6% (7.0 to 9.5%). For TSI, the CV during the control trial ranged from 1.7 to 4.0% for the gastrocnemius and 1.9 to 2.6% for the vastus lateralis. During the tights trials, the CV ranged from 3.0 to 4.5% for the gastrocnemius and 2.6 to 3.5% for the vastus lateralis. The CV for muscle oxygenation during the control and tights trials for the gastrocnemius was 2.7 to 6.2% and 1.0 to 8.8% and for the vastus lateralis was 0.6 to 4.0% and 4.0 to 4.5%, respectively. The relative reliability was poorer in the tights trials, but if the aim was to detect a 5% difference in TSI, NIRS would be sufficiently reliable. However, the reliability of muscle oxygenation and deoxygenation varies considerably with activity type, and this should be considered when determining whether to employ NIRS in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Biddulph
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | | | - Kirsty Hunter
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Caroline Sunderland
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1158486379
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O'Riordan SF, Bishop DJ, Halson SL, Broatch JR. Compression-induced improvements in post-exercise recovery are associated with enhanced blood flow, and are not due to the placebo effect. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16762. [PMID: 36202885 PMCID: PMC9537593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of compression tights on blood flow following exercise and to assess if the placebo effect is responsible for any acute performance or psychological benefits. Twenty-two resistance-trained participants completed a lower-body resistance exercise session followed by a 4 h recovery period. Participants were assigned a post-exercise recovery intervention of either compression tights applied for 4 h (COMP), placebo tablet consumed every hour for 4 h (PLA) or control (CON). Physiological (markers of venous return, muscle blood flow, blood metabolites, thigh girth), performance (countermovement jump, isometric mid-thigh pull), and psychological measures (perceived muscle soreness, total quality of recovery) were collected pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, at 30 (markers of venous return and muscle blood flow) and 60 min (blood metabolites, thigh girth and psychological measures) intervals during 4 h of recovery, and at 4 h, 24 h and 48 h post-exercise. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed between interventions. However, effect size analysis revealed COMP enhanced markers of venous return, muscle blood flow, recovery of performance measures, psychological measures and reduced thigh girth compared to PLA and CON. There were no group differences in blood metabolites. These findings suggest compression tights worn after resistance exercise enhance blood flow and indices of exercise recovery, and that these benefits were not due to a placebo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane F O'Riordan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia.
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
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5
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Can Compression Garments Reduce the Deleterious Effects of Physical Exercise on Muscle Strength? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Sports Med 2022; 52:2159-2175. [PMID: 35476183 PMCID: PMC9388468 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of compression garments (CGs) during or after training and competition has gained popularity in the last few decades. However, the data concerning CGs’ beneficial effects on muscle strength-related outcomes after physical exercise remain inconclusive. Objective The aim was to determine whether wearing CGs during or after physical exercise would facilitate the recovery of muscle strength-related outcomes. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost). Data from 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 350 healthy participants were extracted and meta-analytically computed. Weighted between-study standardized mean differences (SMDs) with respect to their standard errors (SEs) were aggregated and corrected for sample size to compute overall SMDs. The type of physical exercise, the body area and timing of CG application, and the time interval between the end of the exercise and subsequent testing were assessed. Results CGs produced no strength-sparing effects (SMD [95% confidence interval]) at the following time points (t) after physical exercise: immediately ≤ t < 24 h: − 0.02 (− 0.22 to 0.19), p = 0.87; 24 ≤ t < 48 h: − 0.00 (− 0.22 to 0.21), p = 0.98; 48 ≤ t < 72 h: − 0.03 (− 0.43 to 0.37), p = 0.87; 72 ≤ t < 96 h: 0.14 (− 0.21 to 0.49), p = 0.43; 96 h ≤ t: 0.26 (− 0.33 to 0.85), p = 0.38. The body area where the CG was applied had no strength-sparing effects. CGs revealed weak strength-sparing effects after plyometric exercise. Conclusion Meta-analytical evidence suggests that wearing a CG during or after training does not seem to facilitate the recovery of muscle strength following physical exercise. Practitioners, athletes, coaches, and trainers should reconsider the use of CG as a tool to reduce the effects of physical exercise on muscle strength. Trial Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42021246753. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-022-01681-4.
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Colantuono VM, Oakley R, Hatfield DL, Penailillo L, Lateef S, Earp JE. Contrast With Compression Therapy Enhances Muscle Function Recovery and Attenuates Glycogen Disruption After Exercise. Sports Health 2022; 15:234-243. [PMID: 35343332 PMCID: PMC9950996 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221080172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-associated muscle damage (EAMD) temporally impairs muscle function and intramuscular glycogen storage. Contrast with compression (CwC) therapy provides localized EAMD treatment with minimal changes in core/tissue temperature that can impair glycogen resynthesis. HYPOTHESIS CwC will enhance the recovery of strength, power, and joint mobility, reduce markers of EAMD, and attenuate the disruption of glycogen storage observed after damaging exercise. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with crossover design. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. METHODS Ten men completed 2 bouts of eccentric elbow flexor exercise, separated by 1 week, using contralateral arms. After each bout, participants received either CwC therapy (at 0, 24, and 48 h postexercise) or no therapy with intervention order and limb randomly assigned. Prior to (pre-exercise) and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after each exercise bout, muscular strength, muscular power, intramuscular glycogen, creatine kinase, muscle thickness, muscle soreness, pressure pain threshold, active elbow flexion, passive elbow extension, and dietary intake were assessed. Comparisons were made between conditions over time (interaction effects) using separate repeated-measures analyses of variance/multivariate analyses of variance and effect sizes (Cohen d) to describe treatment effect at each time point. RESULTS Significant interaction effects were observed for muscular strength (d = 0.67-1.12), muscular power (d = 0.20-0.65), intramuscular glycogen (d = 0.29-0.81), creatine kinase (d = 0.01-0.96), muscle thickness (d = 0.35-0.70), muscle soreness (d = 0.18-0.85), and active elbow flexion (d = 0.65-1.17) indicating a beneficial effect of CwC over time (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, no significant interaction effect was observed for pressure pain threshold or passive elbow extension (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These results support the use of CwC for the recovery of muscle function after damaging exercise in male patients and indicate that CwC attenuates, but does not remove, the disruption of intramuscular glycogen stores observed after intense eccentric exercise. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Glycolysis-dependent athletes may benefit from CwC therapy after training/competition that causes EAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Oakley
- University of Rhode Island,
Department of Kinesiology, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Disa L. Hatfield
- University of Rhode Island,
Department of Kinesiology, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Luis Penailillo
- Universidad Andrés Bello, School
of Physical Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shabnam Lateef
- University of Rhode Island,
Department of Kinesiology, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Jacob E. Earp
- University of Rhode Island,
Department of Kinesiology, Kingston, Rhode Island,University of Connecticut, Sports
Optimization & Rehabilitation Lab, Storrs, Connecticut,Jacob E. Earp, PhD,
CSCS, Assistant Professor of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut,
2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269 (
)
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Hong WH, Lo SF, Wu HC, Chiu MC. Effects of compression garment on muscular efficacy, proprioception, and recovery after exercise-induced muscle fatigue onset for people who exercise regularly. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264569. [PMID: 35226703 PMCID: PMC8884515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a major cause of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Compression garments (CGs) can aid post-exercise recovery, therefore, this study explored the effects of CGs on muscular efficacy, proprioception, and recovery after exercise-induced muscle fatigue in people who exercise regularly. Twelve healthy participants who exercised regularly were enrolled in this study. Each participant completed an exercise-induced muscle fatigue test while wearing a randomly assigned lower-body CG or sports pants (SP); after at least 7 days, the participant repeated the test while wearing the other garment. The dependent variables were muscle efficacy, proprioception (displacements of center of pressure/COP, and absolute error), and fatigue recovery (muscle oxygen saturation/SmO2, deoxygenation and reoxygenation rate, and subjective muscle soreness). A two-way repeated measure analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effect of garment type. The results indicated that relative to SP use, CG use can promote muscle efficacy, proprioception in ML displacement of COP, and fatigue recovery. Higher deoxygenation and reoxygenation rates were observed with CG use than with SP use. For CG use, SmO2 quickly returned to baseline value after 10 min of rest and was maintained at a high level until after 1 h of rest, whereas for SP use, SmO2 increased with time after fatigue onset. ML displacement of COP quickly returned to baseline value after 10 min of rest and subsequently decreased until after 1 hour of rest. Relative to SP use, CG use was associated with a significantly lower ML displacement after 20 min of rest. In conclusion, proprioception and SmO2 recovery was achieved after 10 min of rest; however, at least 24 h may be required for recovery pertaining to muscle efficacy and soreness regardless of CG or SP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsien Hong
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Foon Lo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Chiu
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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Brown F, Jeffries O, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Myers T, Hill JA. Custom-Fitted Compression Garments Enhance Recovery From Muscle Damage in Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:212-219. [PMID: 32091467 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brown, F, Jeffries, O, Gissane, C, Howatson, G, van Someren, K, Pedlar, C, Myers, T, and Hill, JA. Custom-fitted compression garments enhance recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 212-219, 2022-to evaluate the effects of custom-fitted compression garments (CG) on recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. Forty-five players were tested for lower-body strength, power, and indices of muscle damage before completing a damaging protocol (20 × 20-m sprints with 5-m deceleration, 100 drop jumps). Players were randomly assigned to wear either custom-fitted (CF, n = 13), or standard-sized CG (SSG, n = 16), or to receive sham ultrasound therapy (CON, n = 16) immediately after exercise. Players were retested immediately, then after 24 and 48 hours. Strength recovery was significantly different between groups (F = 2.7, p = 0.02), with only CF recovering to baseline values by 48 hours (p = 0.973). Time × condition effects were also apparent for creatine kinase activity (χ2 = 30.4, p < 0.001) and midthigh girth (F = 3.7, p = 0.005), with faster recovery apparent in CF compared with both CON and SSG (p < 0.05). Custom-fitted CG improved strength recovery and indices of muscle damage in rugby players, compared with controls and standard-sized garments. Athletes and coaches would be advised to use appropriately fitted CG to enhance strength recovery after damaging exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Brown
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Jeffries
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Gissane
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life of Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Water Research Group, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ken van Someren
- Faculty of Health and Life of Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Pedlar
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Tony Myers
- Physical Education and Sports Studies, Newman University College, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A Hill
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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Putting the Squeeze on Compression Garments: Current Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research: A Systematic Scoping Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:1141-1160. [PMID: 34870801 PMCID: PMC9023423 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Compression garments are regularly worn during exercise to improve physical performance, mitigate fatigue responses, and enhance recovery. However, evidence for their efficacy is varied and the methodological approaches and outcome measures used within the scientific literature are diverse. Objectives The aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of compression garments on commonly assessed outcome measures in response to exercise, including: performance, biomechanical, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, muscle damage, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and CINAHL Complete) was performed from the earliest record to 27 December, 2020. Results In total, 183 studies were identified for qualitative analysis with the following breakdown: performance and muscle function outcomes: 115 studies (63%), biomechanical and neuromuscular: 59 (32%), blood and saliva markers: 85 (46%), cardiovascular: 76 (42%), cardiorespiratory: 39 (21%), thermoregulatory: 19 (10%) and perceptual: 98 (54%). Approximately 85% (n = 156) of studies were published between 2010 and 2020. Conclusions Evidence is equivocal as to whether garments improve physical performance, with little evidence supporting improvements in kinetic or kinematic outcomes. Compression likely reduces muscle oscillatory properties and has a positive effect on sensorimotor systems. Findings suggest potential increases in arterial blood flow; however, it is unlikely that compression garments meaningfully change metabolic responses, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiorespiratory measures. Compression garments increase localised skin temperature and may reduce perceptions of muscle soreness and pain following exercise; however, rating of perceived exertion during exercise is likely unchanged. It is unlikely that compression garments negatively influence exercise-related outcomes. Future research should assess wearer belief in compression garments, report pressure ranges at multiple sites as well as garment material, and finally examine individual responses and varying compression coverage areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01604-9.
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Sun Y, Munro B, Zehr EP. Compression socks enhance sensory feedback to improve standing balance reactions and reflex control of walking. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:61. [PMID: 34078449 PMCID: PMC8173897 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Compression garments are generally used for their potential benefits in exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. Previous studies show that compression sleeves worn at the elbow change neuromuscular control and improve performance during reaching movement. Cutaneous stimulation of the foot skin produces location-specific reflexes in the lower limb that guide foot placement during locomotion. However, it is not clear whether enhancement of sensory feedback with compression socks can alter the neuromuscular excitability of muscles in the leg and amplify balance performance and walking. The current project aimed to determine whether enhanced sensory input from wearing compression socks could affect: 1) spinal cord excitability (as measured by cutaneous reflexes from stimulation at the top or bottom of the foot during locomotion); 2) static balance performance; and, 3) dynamic balance performance following virtual perturbations. Methods Twelve participants completed walking and balance tasks wearing four types of garments: 1) non-compression (control) socks; 2) ankle compression socks; 3) calf-compression socks; and, 4) customized ankle sleeves. During walking, electrical stimulations were delivered to three discrete locations on the dorsal (ankle crease, forefoot medial) and plantar (forefoot medial) surfaces of the foot in separate trials with each garment. Electromyography of ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior, plantarflexor medial gastrocnemius and evertor peroneus longus were measured bilaterally along with kinematic data from knee and ankle and kinetics under the right (stimulated) foot. Results Compared to control socks, altered cutaneous reflexes and biomechanical responses were observed in all the conditions during walking. In dynamic balance tests, time and integrated EMG for recovering from virtual perturbation were significantly reduced when wearing calf compression socks and the ankle sleeve. Conclusions Our findings suggest sensory enhancement from compression garments modifies spinal cord excitability during walking and improves performance in balance recovery after virtual perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discovery (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Bridget Munro
- Nike Sport Research Laboratory, NIKE Inc., Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - E Paul Zehr
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada. .,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discovery (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. .,Division of Medical Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. .,Zanshin Consulting Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada.
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11
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Customised pressure profiles of made-to-measure sports compression garments. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-021-00350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to make made-to-measure compression garments that elicit pressures within and below clinical standards. The study also examined whether pressures and gradients can be replicated within and between participants’ legs, and between separate compression garment conditions. Ten males volunteered to participate. Based on three-dimensional scans of the participants’ lower body, three different made-to-measure garments were manufactured: control, symmetrical and asymmetrical. Garment pressures were assessed from the malleolus to the gluteal fold using a pressure monitoring device. A root mean squared difference analysis was used to calculate the in vivo linear graduation parameters. Linear regression showed that peak pressure at the ankle in the left and right leg were: control garment, 13.5 ± 2.3 and 12.9 ± 2.6; asymmetrical garment, 12.7 ± 2.5 and 26.3 ± 3.4; symmetrical garment, 27.7 ± 2.2 and 27.5 ± 1.6 (all mmHg, mean ± standard deviation). Pressure reduction from the ankle to the gluteal fold in the left and right leg were: control, 8.9 ± 3.5 and 7.4 ± 3.0; asymmetrical, 7.8 ± 3.9 and 21.9 ± 3.2; symmetrical, 25.0 ± 4.1 and 22.3 ± 3.6 (all mmHg, mean ± standard deviation). Made-to-measure compression garments can be made to elicit pressures within and below clinical standards, and to elicit equivalent pressures and gradients in different participants.
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12
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Bautz J, Hostler D, Khorana P, Suyama J. Cardiovascular Effects of Compression Garments During Uncompensable Heat Stress. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1058-1065. [PMID: 30273282 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bautz, J, Hostler, D, Khorana, P, and Suyama, J. Cardiovascular effects of compression garments during uncompensable heat stress. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1058-1065, 2021-This study examined the potential hemodynamic benefits of wearing lower extremity compression garments (CGs) beneath thermal protective clothing (TPC) worn by wildland firefighters, while exercising in a heated environment. Using in a counterbalanced design, 10 male subjects ([mean ± SD] age 27 ± 6 years, height 1.78 ± 0.09 m, body mass 74.8 ± 7.0 kg, body fat 10.6 ± 4.2%, and V̇o2max 57.8 ± 9.3 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed control (no CG) and experimental (CG) conditions in randomly assigned order. Protocols were separated by a minimum of 3 days. Subjects exercised for 90 minutes (three, 30-minute segments) on a treadmill while wearing wilderness firefighter TPC and helmet in a heated room. Venous blood was drawn before and after exercise to measure hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), serum osmolarity (OSM), and serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Vital signs and perceptual measures of exertion and thermal comfort were recorded during the protocol. Data were analyzed by the paired t-test. There were no differences in the change in heart rate (84 ± 27 vs. 85 ± 14 b·min-1, p = 0.9), core temperature rise (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5° C, p = 0.39), or body mass lost (-1.72 ± 0.78 vs. -1.77 ± 0.58 kg, p = 0.7) between the conditions. There were no differences in the change in Hgb (0.49 ± 0.66 vs. 0.33 ± 1.11 g·dl-1, p = 0.7), Hct (1.22 ± 1.92 vs. 1.11 ± 3.62%, p = 0.9), OSM (1.67 ± 6.34 vs. 6.22 ± 11.39 mOsm·kg-1, p = 0.3), or CPK (22.2 ± 30.2 vs. 29.8 ± 19.4 IU·L-1, p = 0.5). Total distance walked (3.9 ± 0.5 vs. 4.0 ± 0.5 miles, p = 0.2), exercise interval (88.6 ± 3.5 vs. 88.4 ± 3.6 minutes, p = 0.8), and perceptual measures were similar between conditions. Compression garments worn beneath TPC did not acutely alter the physiologic response to exertion in TPC. With greater use in the general public related to endurance activities, the data neither encourage nor discourage CG use during uncompensable heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bautz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - David Hostler
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Priya Khorana
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Joe Suyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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13
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Immediate Effects of an Inverted Body Position on Energy Expenditure and Blood Lactate Removal after Intense Running. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We compared the immediate effects of a cool-down strategy including an inverted body position (IBP: continuous 30-s alternations of supine and IBP) after a short period of an intense treadmill run with active (walking) and passive (seated) methods. Fifteen healthy subjects (22 years, 172 cm, 67 kg) completed three cool-down conditions (in a counterbalanced order) followed by a 5-min static stretch on three separate days. Heart rate, energy expenditure, blood lactate concentration, fatigue perception, and circumference of thighs and calves were recorded at pre- and post-run at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. At 5 min post-run, subjects performing the IBP condition showed (1) a 22% slower heart rate (p < 0.0001, ES = 2.52) and 14% lower energy expenditure (p = 0.01, ES = 0.48) than in the active condition, and (2) a 23% lower blood lactate than in the passive condition (p = 0.001, ES = 0.82). Fatigue perception and circumferences of thighs and calves did not differ between the conditions at any time point (F10,238 < 0.96, p < 0.99 for all tests). IBP appears to produce an effect similar to that of an active cool-down in blood lactate removal with less energy expenditure. This cool-down strategy is recommended for tournament sporting events with short breaks between matches, such as Taekwondo, Judo, and wrestling.
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14
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Yang C, Xu Y, Yang Y, Xiao S, Fu W. Effectiveness of Using Compression Garments in Winter Racing Sports: A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:970. [PMID: 32848885 PMCID: PMC7417664 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, compression garments (CGs) are widely used in winter racing sports, such as speed skating, short-track speed skating, alpine skiing, and cross-country skiing. However, the effect of wearing CGs on athletic performance in these specific sports is still not fully examined. Thus, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the research and application of CGs in winter racing sports and to discuss how the CGs help athletes improve their performance in an integrative manner (i.e., physiology, aerodynamics, and biomechanics). A total of 18 experimental studies dedicated to CGs in winter racing sports were identified from the peer-review scientific literature. The main findings are as follows. (1) Currently, CG studies have mainly focused on drag reduction, metabolism, muscle function, strength performance, and fatigue recovery. (2) The results of most studies conducted in wind tunnels showed that, for cylindrical structures similar to the human body, clothing with rough surfaces can reduce air drag. Notably, the effect of CGs on drag reduction in real competition has not been fully explored in the literature. (3) Compression can reduce muscle vibrations at high impact and help athletes control the center of pressure movement, a function that is important for alpine skiing. Future studies are needed to improve current understanding of the effects of compression clothing microstructure on drag reduction and their stretching in different parts of the body. Furthermore, the design of experimental protocol must be consistent with those during the competition, thus providing a full discussion on energy metabolism, fatigue, and recovery affected by CGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxin Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Songlin Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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15
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Martínez-Navarro I, Aparicio I, Priego-Quesada JI, Pérez-Soriano P, Collado E, Hernando B, Hernando C. Effects of wearing a full body compression garment during recovery from an ultra-trail race. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:811-818. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1783369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martínez-Navarro
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Sports Health Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Aparicio
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- AITEX (Textil Research Institute), Alcoy, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Soriano
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eladio Collado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castellon, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Hernando
- Sport Service, Jaume I University, Castellon, Spain
- Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Jaume I University, Castellon, Spain
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16
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Chohan A, Abram S, Parkes A, Haworth L, Whitaker JC. Examination of a new mobile intermittent pneumatic compression device in healthy adults. J Wound Care 2020; 29:370-374. [PMID: 32530774 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.6.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is an alternative method of compression treatment designed to compress the leg and mimic ambulatory pump action to actively promote venous return. This study explores the efficacy of a new portable IPC device on tissue oxygenation (StO2) in two sitting positions. METHOD In this quantitative, healthy single cohort study, participants were screened and recruited using Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q, Canada). Participants attended two separate one-hour sessions to evaluate StO2 in an upright chair-sitting position and in a long-sitting position. StO2 was recorded for 20 minutes before, during and after a 20-minute intervention of the IPC device (Venapro, DJO Global, US). RESULTS A total of 29 healthy volunteers took part in the study. A significant difference was seen between the two seating positions (p=0.003) with long-sitting showing a 12% higher StO2 level than chair-sitting post-intervention. A similar effect was seen in both sitting positions when analysing data over three timepoints (p=0.000). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that significant improvements in StO2 (p≤0.000) were seen from baseline, throughout the intervention, continuing up to 15 minutes post-intervention, indicating a continued effect of the device after a short intervention. CONCLUSION Increasing StO2 through short intervention sessions with this portable device has potential for use within various health and sports-based practices, improving tissue health, potentially reducing postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk or inflammation. Such devices lend themselves to wide self-management implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Chohan
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE UK
| | - Simon Abram
- School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE UK
| | - Amy Parkes
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE UK
| | - Lauren Haworth
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE UK
| | - Justine C Whitaker
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE UK.,School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE UK.,Northern Lymphology, Slaidburn, Lancashire, BB7 3AD UK
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17
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Atkins R, Lam WK, Scanlan AT, Beaven CM, Driller M. Lower-body compression garments worn following exercise improves perceived recovery but not subsequent performance in basketball athletes. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:961-969. [PMID: 32138596 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1737387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of lower-body compression garments on perceived recovery and subsequent performance in basketball athletes. In a parallel-group design, 30 recreational, male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to either a control (CON, n = 15, loose-fitting clothing) or experimental group (COMP, n = 15, compression garments) for 15 h following fatigue-inducing, basketball-specific exercise in the evening (1600-1800 h). Perceptual measures of fatigue and muscle soreness, as well as physical performance tests (sprints, jumps and agility), were performed pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery (15 h following exercise). Subjective and objective measures of sleep were recorded following the exercise trial. There were non-significant (p > 0.05), unclear-trivial differences between groups for all performance measures. Perceived post-recovery fatigue (d = -1.27, large) and muscle soreness (d = -1.61, large) were significantly lower in COMP compared to CON (p < 0.05). COMP exhibited better perceived sleep quality (d = 0.42, small, p = 0.18) than CON, with an unclear difference in sleep duration between groups (p > 0.05). Wearing lower-body compression garments overnight improved perceived fatigue and muscle soreness, but had negligible effects on subsequent physical performance in basketball athletes. Future research should focus on longer periods of compression wear following fatiguing exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Atkins
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - C Martyn Beaven
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Driller
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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18
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Leoz-Abaurrea I, Tam N, Aguado-Jiménez R. Heat dissipating upper body compression garment: Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:450-456. [PMID: 31534819 PMCID: PMC6742615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of an upper body compression garment (UBCG) on thermoregulatory responses during cycling in a controlled laboratory thermoneutral environment (~23°C). A secondary aim was to determine the cardiovascular and perceptual responses when wearing the garment. METHODS Sixteen untrained participants (age: 21.3 ± 5.7 years; peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak): 50.88 ± 8.00 mL/min/kg; mean ± SD) performed 2 cycling trials in a thermoneutral environment (~23°C) wearing either UBCG or control (Con) garment. Testing consisted of a 5-min rest on a cycle ergometer, followed by 4 bouts of cycling for 14-min at ~50%VO2peak, with 1-min rest between each bout. At the end of these bouts there was 10-min of passive recovery. During the entire protocol rectal temperature (T rec), skin temperature (T skin), mean body temperature (T body), and heat storage (HS) were measured. Heart rate (HR), VO2, pH, hematocrit (Hct), plasma electrolytes, weight loss (W loss), and perceptual responses were also measured. RESULTS There were no significant differences between garments for T skin, HS, HR, VO2, pH, Hct, plasma electrolyte concentration, W loss, and perceptual responses during the trial. T rec did not differ between garment conditions during rest, exercise, or recovery although a greater reduction in T rec wearing UBCG (p = 0.01) was observed during recovery. Lower T body during recovery was found when wearing UBCG (36.82°C ± 0.30°C vs. 36.99°C ± 0.24°C). CONCLUSION Wearing a UBCG did not benefit thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses during exercise although it was found to lower Tbody during recovery, which suggests that it could be used as a recovery tool after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Leoz-Abaurrea
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre 31500, Spain
| | - Nicholas Tam
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7725, South Africa
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19
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Chohan A, Haworth L, Sumner S, Olivier M, Birdsall D, Whitaker J. Examination of the effects of a new compression garment on skin tissue oxygenation in healthy volunteers. J Wound Care 2019; 28:429-435. [PMID: 31295092 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.7.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compression devices have been shown to reduce venous stasis, increase blood flow and skin tissue oxygenation (StO2), promoting healthy tissue. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of a new compression garment in three different positions in healthy adults. METHODS In this quantitative study, potential participants were screened and recruited using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q, Canada). Participants attended three separate, one-hour sessions to evaluate StO2 in supine-lying, chair-sitting and long-sitting positions. StO2 was recorded for 20 minutes pre-, during and post- a 20-minute intervention using a compression garment, TributeWrap (Lohmann-Rauscher, Germany). A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons. RESULTS A total of 28 healthy volunteers took part (aged 24.6 ±8.4years; 13 males, 15 females). A significant difference was seen between the three positions (p<0.001). Chair-sitting had the lowest StO2 pre-intervention, increasing StO2 significantly (32.25%, p<0.001) during wear of the compression garment (24.8% higher than baseline post-intervention). No significant difference was seen between long sitting and supine-lying (p=1.000). In contrast, long-sitting and supine-lying StO2 was higher pre-intervention compared with chair-sitting and only increased post-intervention (11% and 16.8% respectively, p<0.001) compared with baseline. CONCLUSION The compression garment significantly increased StO2 levels in both seating positions. Further studies are required to determine if increasing StO2 through short intervention sessions with this device has the potential to improve self-management of tissue health in individuals with reduced mobility, oedema or venous insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Chohan
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Lauren Haworth
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Simon Sumner
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Mairi Olivier
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Daniel Birdsall
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Justine Whitaker
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Northern Lymphology Limited, Slaidburn, Lancashire, UK
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20
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Effects of Exercise Compression Stockings on Anterior Muscle Compartment Pressure and Oxygenation During Running: A Randomized Crossover Trial Conducted in Healthy Recreational Runners. Sports Med 2019; 49:1465-1473. [PMID: 31093922 PMCID: PMC6684544 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Exercise compression garments have increased in popularity among athletes at all levels during the last 10 years. However, the scientific grounds for this are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of wearing exercise compression stockings (CS) on the anterior compartment pressure, oxygenation of the tibialis anterior muscle, and early blood biomarkers change for muscle damage during a 10-km treadmill run in healthy subjects. Methods Twenty healthy subjects completed two identical treadmill runs, with or without CS. The subjects were randomized regarding the order in which the sessions were performed. Intramuscular pressure (IMP) and muscle oxygenation in the one leg were continuously measured before, during, and after running sessions. Blood samples were collected just before and directly after these sessions and analyzed for myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations. Results The use of CS during running resulted in significantly higher IMP (by 22 ± 3.1 mmHg on average) and lower tissue oxygenation index (by 11 ± 1.8%) compared to running without CS (p < 0.001). In addition, the Δ change in median serum myoglobin concentration measured before and after running was significantly higher when CS were used: 58 (9‒210) µg/L as compared to 38 (0‒196) µg/L with no CS (p = 0.04). No difference in post-running early serum creatine kinase concentration was observed between using CS and not using CS. Conclusion Wearing exercise CS during and following a 10-km treadmill run elevated IMP and reduced muscle tissue oxygenation in the anterior compartment of healthy runners. Furthermore, the use of exercise CS did not prevent early exercise-induced muscle damage, as measured by serum biomarkers.
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21
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Geldenhuys AG, Swart J, Bosch A. Investigation of the Impact of Below-Knee Compression Garments on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Performance in Endurance Runners: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Health 2019; 11:254-264. [PMID: 31034342 DOI: 10.1177/1941738119837644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compression garment utilization is very popular among runners despite a lack of consensus in the literature regarding a beneficial impact. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of training and competing with compression garments on exercise-induced muscle damage and performance in ultramarathon runners. HYPOTHESIS Compression garments will reduce the severity of exercise-induced muscle damage and improve performance in long-distance runners compared with control conditions. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized controlled trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. METHODS The study was conducted in healthy, uninjured endurance runners (n = 41) participating in a 56-km ultramarathon. The experimental group (n = 20; 14 males, 6 females) trained for 6 weeks and participated in the race wearing below-knee compression garments while the control group (n = 21; 15 males, 6 females) did not. Participants were tested on 4 occasions for various markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and running performance. RESULTS Ankle circumference measurements increased significantly less ( P = 0.01, Cohen d = 0.9) in the experimental group from immediately after until 2 days post-race compared with the control group. No further statistically significant changes were detected over time in midcalf circumferences, muscle architecture, or race performance. Selected pain ratings were statistically significant and worse in the experimental group. CONCLUSION There are limited indications of a beneficial impact of compression garments with improvements in ankle circumference measurements. No ergogenic impact was detected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is limited evidence to support the continued utilization of commercially available below-knee compression garments during running for the purpose of muscle recovery or as a performance aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grethe Geldenhuys
- Division of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeroen Swart
- Division of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Bosch
- Division of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Maruyama T, Mizuno S, Goto K. Effects of cold water immersion and compression garment use after eccentric exercise on recovery. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:48-54. [PMID: 31010274 PMCID: PMC6477821 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The combined effect of different types of post-exercise treatment has not been fully explored. We investigated the effect of combined cold water immersion (CWI) and compression garment (CG) use after maximal eccentric exercise on maximal muscle strength, indirect muscle damage markers in the blood, muscle thickness, and muscle soreness score 24 h after exercise. [Methods] Ten men performed two trials (CWI + CG and CON) in random order. In the CWI + CG trial, the subjects performed 15 min of CWI (15°C), followed by wearing of a lower-body CG for 24 h after exercise. In the CON trial, there was no post-exercise treatment. The exercise consisted of 6 × 10 maximal isokinetic (60°·s-1) eccentric knee extensions using one lower limb. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and maximal isokinetic (60°·s-1) strength during knee extension, as well as the indirect muscle damage markers, were evaluated before exercise and 24 h after exercise. [Results] The maximal muscle strength decreased in both trials (p < 0.001), with no difference between them. The exercise-induced elevation in the myoglobin concentration tended to be lower in the CWI + CG trial than in the CON trial (p = 0.060). The difference in the MVC, maximal isokinetic strength, muscle thickness, and muscle soreness score between the trials was not significant. [Conclusion] CWI followed by wearing of a CG after maximal eccentric exercise tended to attenuate the exercise-induced elevation of indirect muscle damage markers in the blood.
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23
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Ravier G, Bouzigon R, Beliard S, Tordi N, Grappe F. Benefits of Compression Garments Worn During Handball-Specific Circuit on Short-Term Fatigue in Professional Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:3519-3527. [PMID: 26840438 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ravier, G, Bouzigon, R, Beliard, S, Tordi, N, and Grappe, F. Benefits of compression garments worn during handball-specific circuit on short-term fatigue in professional players. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3528-3536, 2018-The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of full-leg length compression garments (CGs) worn during a handball-specific circuit exercises on athletic performance and acute fatigue-induced changes in strength and muscle soreness in professional handball players. Eighteen men (mean ± SD: age 23.22 ± 4.97 years; body mass: 82.06 ± 9.69 kg; height: 184.61 ± 4.78 cm) completed 2 identical sessions either wearing regular gym short or CGs in a randomized crossover design. Exercise circuits of explosive activities included 3 periods of 12 minutes of sprints, jumps, and agility drills every 25 seconds. Before, immediately after and 24 hours postexercise, maximal voluntary knee extension (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC), rate of force development (RFD), and muscle soreness were assessed. During the handball-specific circuit sprint and jump performances were unchanged in both conditions. Immediately after performing the circuit exercises MVC, RFD, and PPT decreased significantly compared with preexercise with CGs and noncompression clothes. Decrement was similar in both conditions for RFD (effect size, ES = 0.40) and PPT for the soleus (ES = 0.86). However, wearing CGs attenuated decrement in MVC (p < 0.001) with a smaller decrease (ES = 1.53) in CGs compared with regular gym shorts condition (-5.4 vs. -18.7%, respectively). Full recovery was observed 24 hours postexercise in both conditions for muscle soreness, MVC, and RFD. These findings suggest that wearing CGs during a handball-specific circuit provides benefits on the impairment of the maximal muscle force characteristics and is likely to be worthwhile for handball players involved in activities such as tackles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Ravier
- Laboratory of Culture Sport Society (EA 4660), Sport and Health Department.,Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Bouzigon
- Laboratory of Culture Sport Society (EA 4660), Sport and Health Department.,Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Samuel Beliard
- Laboratory of Prognostic Markers and Control Factors in Cardiovascular Pathologies (EA 3920).,Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Nicolas Tordi
- Laboratory of Prognostic Markers and Control Factors in Cardiovascular Pathologies (EA 3920).,Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Frederic Grappe
- Laboratory of Culture Sport Society (EA 4660), Sport and Health Department.,Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
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Marqués-Jiménez D, Calleja-González J, Arratibel I, Delextrat A, Uriarte F, Terrados N. Physiological and physical responses to wearing compression garments during soccer matches and recovery. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 58:1642-1651. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Compression Garments for Medical Therapy and Sports. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10060663. [PMID: 30966697 PMCID: PMC6404358 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Compression garments are elastic clothing with an engineered compression gradient that can be worn on limbs, upper, lower, or full body to use for therapy and sports. This article presents an overview and review on the compression garments and concentrates on the design of compression garments with an appropriate pressure for specific applications. It covers the types of compression garments, fibers and yarns, knitted fabric construction, garment design, an evaluation system, and pressure measurement and modeling. The material properties, fabric properties, pressure modeling, and the garment design system presents the prediction, design, and fabrication of the compression garments. Lastly, the research status and directions are discussed.
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Engel FA, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. Is There Evidence that Runners can Benefit from Wearing Compression Clothing? Sports Med 2018; 46:1939-1952. [PMID: 27106555 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runners at various levels of performance and specializing in different events (from 800 m to marathons) wear compression socks, sleeves, shorts, and/or tights in attempt to improve their performance and facilitate recovery. Recently, a number of publications reporting contradictory results with regard to the influence of compression garments in this context have appeared. OBJECTIVES To assess original research on the effects of compression clothing (socks, calf sleeves, shorts, and tights) on running performance and recovery. METHOD A computerized research of the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science was performed in September of 2015, and the relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals were thus identified rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Studies examining effects on physiological, psychological, and/or biomechanical parameters during or after running were included, and means and measures of variability for the outcome employed to calculate Hedges'g effect size and associated 95 % confidence intervals for comparison of experimental (compression) and control (non-compression) trials. RESULTS Compression garments exerted no statistically significant mean effects on running performance (times for a (half) marathon, 15-km trail running, 5- and 10-km runs, and 400-m sprint), maximal and submaximal oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentrations, blood gas kinetics, cardiac parameters (including heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume), body and perceived temperature, or the performance of strength-related tasks after running. Small positive effect sizes were calculated for the time to exhaustion (in incremental or step tests), running economy (including biomechanical variables), clearance of blood lactate, perceived exertion, maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak leg muscle power immediately after running, and markers of muscle damage and inflammation. The body core temperature was moderately affected by compression, while the effect size values for post-exercise leg soreness and the delay in onset of muscle fatigue indicated large positive effects. CONCLUSION Our present findings suggest that by wearing compression clothing, runners may improve variables related to endurance performance (i.e., time to exhaustion) slightly, due to improvements in running economy, biomechanical variables, perception, and muscle temperature. They should also benefit from reduced muscle pain, damage, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Azad Engel
- Research Centre for School Sports and the Physical Education of Children and Young Adults, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D, Bosquet L, Dugué B. An Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 29755363 PMCID: PMC5932411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present work was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the impact of recovery techniques on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), perceived fatigue, muscle damage, and inflammatory markers after physical exercise. Method: Three databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web-of-Science were searched using the following terms: ("recovery" or "active recovery" or "cooling" or "massage" or "compression garment" or "electrostimulation" or "stretching" or "immersion" or "cryotherapy") and ("DOMS" or "perceived fatigue" or "CK" or "CRP" or "IL-6") and ("after exercise" or "post-exercise") for randomized controlled trials, crossover trials, and repeated-measure studies. Overall, 99 studies were included. Results: Active recovery, massage, compression garments, immersion, contrast water therapy, and cryotherapy induced a small to large decrease (-2.26 < g < -0.40) in the magnitude of DOMS, while there was no change for the other methods. Massage was found to be the most powerful technique for recovering from DOMS and fatigue. In terms of muscle damage and inflammatory markers, we observed an overall moderate decrease in creatine kinase [SMD (95% CI) = -0.37 (-0.58 to -0.16), I2 = 40.15%] and overall small decreases in interleukin-6 [SMD (95% CI) = -0.36 (-0.60 to -0.12), I2 = 0%] and C-reactive protein [SMD (95% CI) = -0.38 (-0.59 to-0.14), I2 = 39%]. The most powerful techniques for reducing inflammation were massage and cold exposure. Conclusion: Massage seems to be the most effective method for reducing DOMS and perceived fatigue. Perceived fatigue can be effectively managed using compression techniques, such as compression garments, massage, or water immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dupuy
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Shimokochi Y, Kuwano S, Yamaguchi T, Abutani H, Shima N. Effects of Wearing a Compression Garment During Night Sleep on Recovery From High-Intensity Eccentric-Concentric Quadriceps Muscle Fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2816-2824. [PMID: 28682936 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing a compression garment (CG) during night sleep on muscle fatigue recovery after high-intensity eccentric and concentric knee extensor exercises. Seventeen male college students participated in 2 experimental sessions under CG and non-CG (NCG) wearing conditions. Before night sleep under CG or NCG wearing conditions, the subjects performed a fatiguing protocol consisting of 10 sets of 10 repetitions of maximal isokinetic eccentric and concentric knee extensor contractions, with 30-second rest intervals between the sets. Immediately before and after and 24 hours after the fatiguing protocol, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force for knee extensor muscles was measured; surface electromyographic data from the vastus medialis and rectus femoris were also measured. A 2-way repeated-measure analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni pairwise comparisons were used to analyze the differences in each variable. Paired-sample t-tests were used to analyze the mean differences between the conditions at the same time points for each variable. The MVIC 24 hours after the fatiguing protocol was approximately 10% greater in the CG than in the NCG condition (p = 0.033). Changes in the electromyographic variables over time did not significantly differ between the conditions. Thus, it was concluded that wearing a CG during night sleep may promote localized muscle fatigue recovery but does not influence neurological factors after the fatiguing exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shimokochi
- 1Sport Medicine and Science Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan; 2Laboratory of Food Ecology and Sports Science, Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan; 3Smart System Strength, Hyogo, Japan; and 4Department of Sport and Health Science, School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Aichi, Japan
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Effect of graduated compression stockings on venous lower limb hemodynamics in healthy amateur runners. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018; 6:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Upton CM, Brown FC, Hill JA. Efficacy of Compression Garments on Recovery From a Simulated Rugby Protocol. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:2977-2982. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Marqués-Jiménez D, Calleja-González J, Arratibel-Imaz I, Delextrat A, Uriarte F, Terrados N. Influence of different types of compression garments on exercise-induced muscle damage markers after a soccer match. Res Sports Med 2017; 26:27-42. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2017.1393755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marqués-Jiménez
- Physical Education and Sport Department, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Physical Education and Sport Department, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Iñaki Arratibel-Imaz
- Physical Education and Sport Department, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Anne Delextrat
- Sport and Health Sciences Department, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nicolás Terrados
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Asturias, Avilés, Spain
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Efficacy of wearing compression garments during post-exercise period after two repeated bouts of strenuous exercise: a randomized crossover design in healthy, active males. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2017; 3:25. [PMID: 28674872 PMCID: PMC5495816 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The efficacy of wearing [a] compression garment (CG) between repeated bouts of exercise within a same day has not been fully understood. The present study determined the effect of wearing a CG after strenuous exercise sessions (consisting of sprint exercise, resistance exercise, drop jump) twice a day on exercise performance, muscle damage, and inflammatory responses. Methods Eleven physically active males (age, 22.7 ± 0.9 years; height, 175.7 ± 6.7 cm; body mass, 73.6 ± 10.2 kg; BMI, 23.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2) performed two trials (a randomized crossover design), consisting of the trial with either wearing a whole-body CG during post-exercise period (CG trial) or the trial with wearing a normal garment without specific pressure (CON trial). Two exercise sessions were conducted in the morning (09:00–10:00, Ex1) and afternoon (14:00–15:00, Ex2). Immediately after completing 60 min of each exercise, the subjects in the CG trial changed into a whole-body CG. Time-course changes in exercise performance (bench press power, jump performances, repeated sprint ability), blood variables (lactate, glucose, myoglobin, creatine kinase, interleukin-6, leptin), and scores of subjective feeling (fatigue, muscle soreness) were compared between the CG and CON trials before Ex1 (8:40), immediately before Ex2 (14:00, 4 h after Ex1), 4 h after Ex2 (19:00), and 24 h after the onset of Ex1 (9:00). Results Two bouts of exercise significantly decreased performances of counter movement jump (main effect for time: P = 0.04, F = 3.75, partial η2 = 0.27) and rebound jump (main effect for time: P = 0.00, F = 12.22, partial η2 = 0.55), while no significant difference was observed between the two trials (interaction: P = 0.10, F = 1.96, partial η2 = 0.16 for counter movement jump, P = 0.93, F = 0.01, partial η2 = 0.001 for rebound jump). Repeated sprint ability (power output during 10 × 6 s maximal sprint, 30-s rest periods between sprints) did not differ significantly between the two trials at any time points. Power output during bench press exercise was not significantly different between the two trials (interaction: P = 0.46, F = 0.99, partial η2 = 0.09 for Ex1, P = 0.74, F = 0.38, partial η2 = 0.04 for Ex2, P = 0.22, F = 1.54, partial η2 = 0.13 for 24 h after the onset of Ex1). Serum myoglobin, creatine kinase, leptin, and plasma interleukin-6 were not significantly different between the two trials (interaction: P = 0.16, F = 2.23, partial η2 = 0.18 for myoglobin; P = 0.39, F = 0.81, partial η2 = 0.08 for creatine kinase; P = 0.28, F = 1.30, partial η2 = 0.13 for leptin; P = 0.34, F = 1.05, partial η2 = 0.12 for interleukin-6). Muscle soreness at 24 h during post-exercise period was significantly lower in the CG trial than in the CON trial for pectoralis major muscle (P = 0.04), while the value was inversely lower in the CON trial for hamstring (P = 0.047). Conclusions Wearing a whole-body CG during the post-exercise period after two bouts of strenuous exercise sessions separated with 4 h of rest did not promote recovery of muscle function for lower limb muscles nor did it attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage in physically active males.
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Piras A, Gatta G. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Compression Garments on Autonomic Nervous System Recovery After Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1636-1643. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Leoz-Abaurrea I, Aguado-Jiménez R. Upper Body Compression Garment: Physiological Effects While Cycling in a Hot Environment. Wilderness Environ Med 2017; 28:94-100. [PMID: 28455199 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of an upper body compression garment (UBCG) on physiologic and perceptual responses while cycling in a hot environment. METHODS Twenty recreational road cyclists were pair-matched for age, anthropometric data, and fitness level (V̇O2max) and randomly assigned to a control (CON) group (n=10) of cyclists who wore a conventional t-shirt or to a group (n=10) of cyclists who wore UBCG. Test session consisted of cycling at a fixed load (~50% V̇O2max) for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of ~40ºC (39.9±0.4ºC), followed by 10 minutes of recovery. RESULTS Significantly greater (P = .002) rectal temperature (Trec) was observed at the end of exercise in the UBCG group (38.3±0.2ºC) versus CON group (37.9±0.3ºC). Significantly greater heart rate (HR) was observed in the UBCG group at minute 15 (P = .01) and at the end of exercise (187±9 vs 173±10 beats/min; P = .004) for UBCG and CON, respectively. Furthermore, participants who wore UBCG perceived a significantly greater (P = .03) thermal sensation at the end of exercise. During recovery HR and Trec remained significantly greater (P < .05) in the UBCG group. CONCLUSIONS The use of an UBCG increased cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain during cycling in a hot environment and did not aid during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Leoz-Abaurrea
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain.
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Brown F, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Hill J. Compression Garments and Recovery from Exercise: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2017; 47:2245-2267. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kupchak BR, Kraemer WJ, Hooper DR, Saenz C, Dulkis LL, Secola PJ, Brown LE, Galpin AJ, Coburn JW, DuPont WH, Caldwell LK, Volek JS, Maresh CM. The effects of a transcontinental flight on markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy men after vigorous physical activity. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:148-161. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1247851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Kupchak
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - William J. Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David R. Hooper
- Department of Health Sciences, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Cathy Saenz
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lexie L. Dulkis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Paul J. Secola
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lee E. Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Galpin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Jared W. Coburn
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - William H. DuPont
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lydia K. Caldwell
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeff S. Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carl M. Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Wang X, Xia R, Fu W. Reduced muscle activity during isokinetic contractions associated with external leg compression. Technol Health Care 2016; 24 Suppl 2:S533-9. [DOI: 10.3233/thc-161179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Xia
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Kraemer WJ, Hooper DR, Kupchak BR, Saenz C, Brown LE, Vingren JL, Luk HY, DuPont WH, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Caldwell LK, Eklund D, Lee EC, Häkkinen K, Volek JS, Fleck SJ, Maresh CM. The effects of a roundtrip trans-American jet travel on physiological stress, neuromuscular performance, and recovery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:438-48. [PMID: 27283914 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00429.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to examine the effects of a round trip trans-American jet travel on performance, hormonal alterations, and recovery. Ten matched pairs of recreationally trained men were randomized to either a compression group (COMP) (n = 10; age: 23.1 ± 2.4 yr; height: 174.8 ± 5.3 cm; body mass: 84.9 ± 10.16 kg; body fat: 15.3 ± 6.0%) or control group (CONT) (n = 9; age: 23.2 ± 2.3 yr; height: 177.5 ± 6.3 cm; weight: 84.3 ± 8.99 kg; body fat: 15.1 ± 6.4%). Subjects flew directly from Hartford, CT to Los Angeles, CA 1 day before a simulated sport competition (SSC) designed to create muscle damage and returned the next morning on an overnight flight back home. Both groups demonstrated jet lag symptoms and associated decreases in sleep quality at all time points. Melatonin significantly (P < 0.05) increased over the first 2 days and then remained constant until after the SSC. Epinephrine, testosterone, and cortisol values significantly increased above resting values before and after the SSC with norepinephrine increases only after the SSC. Physical performances significantly decreased from control values on each day for the CONT group with COMP group exhibiting no significant declines. Muscle damage markers were significantly elevated following the SSC with the COMP group having significantly lower values while maintaining neuromuscular performance measures that were not different from baseline testing. Trans-American jet travel has a significant impact on parameters related to jet lag, sleep quality, hormonal responses, muscle tissue damage markers, and physical performance with an attenuation observed with extended wear compression garments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David R Hooper
- Department of Health Sciences, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia; and
| | - Brian R Kupchak
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catherine Saenz
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lee E Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, California
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Hui Ying Luk
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - William H DuPont
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tunde K Szivak
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lydia K Caldwell
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniela Eklund
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven J Fleck
- Andrews Research and Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze, Florida
| | - Carl M Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Fragala MS, Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Gonzalez AM, Wells AJ, Oliveira LP, Hoffman JR, Stout JR, Fukuda DH. Leukocyte IGF-1 receptor expression during muscle recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:92-9. [PMID: 24870578 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system plays a central role in anabolic cellular processes. Recently, a regulatory role of IGF-1 in the immune response for muscle repair has been suggested, but how it modulates the inflammatory process is largely unknown. We evaluated changes in leukocyte expression of IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1R) during recovery from resistance exercise to determine whether changes in the potential for IGF-1 interactions with leukocytes may mediate the role of IGF-1 in muscle repair. METHODS Twenty resistance-trained men (18-35 yr) performed resistance exercise followed by cold water immersion (CWI) or control treatment (CON) on three consecutive days. Blood was sampled at baseline (PRE), immediately (IP), 30 min (30P), 24 h (24H), and 48 h after (48H) exercise. Circulating IGF-1 was assayed, and IGF-1 receptor expression (CD221) on gated circulating leukocytes (monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes) was measured by flow cytometry. Time and treatment effects were analyzed with ANCOVA. RESULTS Circulating IGF-1 significantly increased from PRE to IP as a result of resistance exercise, but no differences between CON and CWI were observed. Mean fluorescence intensity of CD221 on monocytes and granulocytes and percent of CD221+ granulocytes significantly increased at 30P (P < 0.000) and returned to preexercise levels by 24H. No treatment effects on monocytes or granulocytes were observed. On lymphocytes, mean fluorescence intensity of CD221+ significantly increased from PRE to 30P in CWI. CONCLUSIONS Changes in IGF-1 and its receptor on monocytes and granulocytes seem to be part of the mechanism that facilitates recovery from resistance exercise during earlier stages of muscle recovery. In addition, CWI seems to alter IGF-mediated responses on slower-acting lymphocytes, suggesting that its effects may be seen in later stages of muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren S Fragala
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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Chan V, Duffield R, Watsford M. The effects of compression garments on performance of prolonged manual-labour exercise and recovery. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:125-32. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of wearing compression garments during and 24 h following a 4-h exercise protocol simulating manual-labour tasks. Ten physically trained male participants, familiar with labouring activities, undertook 4 h of work tasks characteristic of industrial workplaces. Participants completed 2 testing sessions, separated by at least 1 week. In the experimental condition, participants wore a full-length compression top and compression shorts during the exercise protocol and overnight recovery, with normal work clothes worn in the control condition. Testing for serum creatine kinase and C-reactive protein, handgrip strength, knee flexion and extension torque, muscle stiffness, perceived muscle soreness and fatigue as well as heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses to 4-min cycling were performed before, following, and 24 h after exercise. Creatine kinase, muscle soreness, and rating of perceived fatigue increased following the exercise protocol (p < 0.05) as did RPE to a standardised cycling warm-up bout. Conversely, no postexercise changes were observed in C-reactive protein, handgrip strength, peak knee flexion torque, or stiffness measures (p > 0.05). Knee extension torque was significantly higher in the control condition at 24 h postexercise (3.1% ± 5.4% change; compression: 2.2% ± 11.1% change), although no other variables were different between conditions at any time. However, compression demonstrated a moderate–large effect (d > 0.60) to reduce perceived muscle soreness, fatigue, and RPE from standardised warm-up at 24 h postexercise. The current findings suggest that compression may assist in perceptual recovery from manual-labour exercise with implications for the ability to perform subsequent work bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Chan
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
| | - Mark Watsford
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
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Armstrong SA, Till ES, Maloney SR, Harris GA. Compression socks and functional recovery following marathon running: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:528-33. [PMID: 25627452 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Compression socks have become a popular recovery aid for distance running athletes. Although some physiological markers have been shown to be influenced by wearing these garments, scant evidence exists on their effects on functional recovery. This research aims to shed light onto whether the wearing of compression socks for 48 hours after marathon running can improve functional recovery, as measured by a timed treadmill test to exhaustion 14 days following marathon running. Athletes (n = 33, age, 38.5 ± 7.2 years) participating in the 2012 Melbourne, 2013 Canberra, or 2013 Gold Coast marathons were recruited and randomized into the compression sock or placebo group. A graded treadmill test to exhaustion was performed 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after each marathon. Time to exhaustion, average and maximum heart rates were recorded. Participants were asked to wear their socks for 48 hours immediately after completion of the marathon. The change in treadmill times (seconds) was recorded for each participant. Thirty-three participants completed the treadmill protocols. In the compression group, average treadmill run to exhaustion time 2 weeks after the marathon increased by 2.6% (52 ± 103 seconds). In the placebo group, run to exhaustion time decreased by 3.4% (-62 ± 130 seconds), P = 0.009. This shows a significant beneficial effect of compression socks on recovery compared with placebo. The wearing of below-knee compression socks for 48 hours after marathon running has been shown to improve functional recovery as measured by a graduated treadmill test to exhaustion 2 weeks after the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Armstrong
- 1Anglesea Sports Medicine, Hamilton, New Zealand; 2Albury Emergency Department, Albury Wodonga Health, Albury, Australia; 3Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and 4MP Sports Physicians, Melbourne, Australia
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Shariat A, Kargarfard M, Danaee M, Bahri Mohd Tamrin S. Intensive resistance exercise and circadian salivary testosterone concentrations among young male recreational lifters. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:151-8. [PMID: 25051005 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Strength and morphological adaptations to resistance exercise are mediated in part by anabolic hormones such as testosterone, yet the time course of variability in circadian hormone concentrations is not well characterized. This study, investigated how the circadian rhythm of salivary testosterone is altered by resistance exercise in young men. Twenty healthy young male recreational lifters (age, 18.0 ± 1.3 years) with 2 years of experience in weightlifting were recruited. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, and subjects were randomly assigned to either the resistance exercise group (n = 10), who completed a series of resistance exercise (3 times a week, in the afternoon, 6-7 repetitions, at 85% of 1 repetition maximum for 3 weeks), or a control group (n = 10), who did not exercise during the 3 weeks. Before and after the study, an unstimulated saliva sample (2 ml) was taken every 2 hours for a maximum of 16 hours during each day. A significant decrease was observed in the resistance exercise (44.2%, p = 0.001) and control group (46.1%, p = 0.001) for salivary testosterone at each time point compared with baseline (p = 0.001). There was also no significant difference between the exercise and resting conditions in both groups for salivary testosterone (p > 0.05), except a significantly higher increase by 38.4% vs. -0.02% (p = 0.001), at 1730 hours during exercise sessions in the resistance exercise group compared with the control group. Resistance exercise has no noteworthy effect on circadian secretion of salivary testosterone throughout the 16 waking hours. These results indicate that athletes can undertake resistance exercise in either the morning or afternoon with the knowledge that a similar testosterone response can be expected regardless of the time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Shariat
- 1Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 2Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; 3Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; and 4Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
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Marqués-Jiménez D, Calleja-González J, Arratibel I, Delextrat A, Terrados N. Are compression garments effective for the recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2016; 153:133-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hooper DR, Dulkis LL, Secola PJ, Holtzum G, Harper SP, Kalkowski RJ, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, DuPont WH, Maresh CM, Volek JS, Culley KP, Kraemer WJ. Roles of an Upper-Body Compression Garment on Athletic Performances. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2655-60. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Peacock CA, Krein DD, Antonio J, Sanders GJ, Silver TA, Colas M. Comparing Acute Bouts of Sagittal Plane Progression Foam Rolling vs. Frontal Plane Progression Foam Rolling. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2310-5. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Martorelli SS, Martorelli AS, Pereira MC, Rocha-Junior VA, Tan JG, Alvarenga JG, Brown LE, Bottaro M. Graduated Compression Sleeves. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1273-8. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Priego JI, Lucas-Cuevas AG, Aparicio I, Giménez JV, Cortell-Tormo JM, Pérez-Soriano P. Long-term effects of graduated compression stockings on cardiorespiratory performance. Biol Sport 2015; 32:219-23. [PMID: 26424925 PMCID: PMC4577560 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1150304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in sport has been increasing in the last years due to their potential positive effects for athletes. However, there is little evidence to support whether these types of garments actually improve cardiorespiratory performance. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiorespiratory responses of GCS during running after three weeks of regular use. Twenty recreational runners performed three tests on different days: test 1) - a 5-min maximal effort run in order to determine the participants' maximal aerobic speed; and tests 2) and 3) - a fatigue running test of 30 minutes at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed with either GCS or PLACEBO stockings at random. Cardiorespiratory parameters (minute ventilation, heart rate, relative oxygen consumption, relative carbon dioxide production, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and oxygen pulse) were measured. Before each test in the laboratory, the participants trained with the randomly assigned stockings (GCS or PLACEBO) for three weeks. No significant differences between GCS and PLACEBO were found in any of the cardiorespiratory parameters. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that running with GCS for three weeks does not influence cardiorespiratory parameters in recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Priego
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A G Lucas-Cuevas
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Aparicio
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J V Giménez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Cortell-Tormo
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig - Alicante, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Soriano
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Frauziols F, Molimard J, Navarro L, Badel P, Viallon M, Testa R, Avril S. Prediction of the Biomechanical Effects of Compression Therapy by Finite Element Modeling and Ultrasound Elastography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:1011-9. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2378553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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