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Pilon R, Matos-Santos L, Matlez MP, Rodrigues G, Amorim F, Lattari E, Farinatti P, Monteiro W. Effects of Isocaloric Resistance, Aerobic, and Concurrent Exercise on Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption in Older Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:755-761. [PMID: 38513180 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pilon, R, Matos-Santos, L, Matlez, MP, Rodrigues, G, Amorim, F, Lattari, E, Farinatti, P, and Monteiro, W. Effects of isocaloric resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 755-761, 2024-Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is a major determinant of exercise-related caloric expenditure and metabolic adaptations. Exercise modality may influence the EPOC, but this issue has not been investigated in older adults. This study compared the EPOC after isocaloric bouts of continuous aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and concurrent exercise (CE) in older individuals. Ten subjects (5 men; 73 ± 6 years) had their cardiorespiratory data assessed during AE, RE, and CE and along 30-minute postexercise recovery. Total energy expenditure (EE) during exercise was similar (p > 0.05) in AE (126.0 ± 30.7 kcal), RE (123.9 ± 30.6 kcal), and CE (130.8 ± 32.6 kcal), with different times to achieve the targeted EE (RE: 61.4 ± 1.9 minutes > CE: 43.3 ± 5.6 minutes > AE: 26.6 ± 5.7 minutes; p < 0.001). Consistently, the relative intensity during exercise was superior (p < 0.05) in AE (74 ± 15% oxygen uptake reserve [VO2R]) vs. CE (43 ± 13% VO2R) vs. RE (24 ± 9% VO2R). Despite the isocaloric conditions, average EPOC and EE were approximately 45% greater (p < 0.001) in AE (8.0 ± 2.3 L; 40.1 ± 11.7 kcal) vs. RE (5.6 ± 1.2 L; 28.1 ± 5.8 kcal) and CE (5.4 ± 2.3 L; 26.9 ± 11.5 kcal). In conclusion, the EPOC was greater after isocaloric AE vs. RE and CE performed by older adults. Exercise intensity seemed to be a more important determinant of EPOC than volume reflected by EE during exercise bouts. Moderate-intensity continuous AE was more time-efficient than RE and CE to achieve a target EE. In older individuals, AE should be preferred over RE or CE when the purpose is to increase the daily caloric expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pilon
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Lenifran Matos-Santos
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Marcelle Passeri Matlez
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Felipe Amorim
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Eduardo Lattari
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
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Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC. Changes in strength-related outcomes following velocity-monitored resistance training with 10 % and 20 % velocity loss in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 186:112361. [PMID: 38232787 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We compared the effects of velocity-monitored resistance training with an intra-set velocity loss (i.e., the decrement in repetition velocity over the set) of 10 % vs. 20 % on strength-related outcomes in older adults. We randomly assigned eighteen older adults to a velocity loss group of 10 % (n = 10; 78 ± 12 years) or 20 % (n = 8; 73 ± 10 years) to perform a 10-week training program. The primary outcomes were the one-repetition maximum (1RM) and the average mean velocity against absolute loads associated with loads <60 % 1RM (MVlow) and ≥ 60 % 1RM (MVhigh) in the leg and chest press exercises, assessed at pre-, mid- (week 5), and post-test. Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength, 1-kg medicine ball throw distance, 10-m walking time, and five-repetition sit-to-stand time. No differences between groups were found in any outcome at any time (p > 0.05). Both groups improved the 1RM leg press from pre- to mid- and post-test and the MVlow and MVhigh from pre- to mid-test (p < 0.05). No group improved the 1RM chest press (p > 0.05), but both increased the MVlow from pre- to mid-test (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both groups improved the sit-to-stand time, while only the 20 % velocity loss group significantly improved handgrip strength and 10-m walking time (p < 0.05). The results showed that both velocity losses improved leg press strength and velocity, chest press velocity, and sit-to-stand time in older adults, although a 10 % velocity loss was more efficient as it required less volume (i.e., total repetitions) than 20 %. Nevertheless, the latter seems required to optimize handgrip strength and 10-m walking time in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Luís Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Cardoso Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Effects of four exercise orders on perceived exertion, feeling, and arousal in older women following 12 weeks of resistance training. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hunter GR, Neumeier WH, Chandler-Laney PC, Carter SJ, Borges JH, Hornbuckle LM, Plaisance EP, Fisher G. Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Walking Predicts Endurance Independent of Physiological Effort in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1340-1344. [PMID: 31524783 PMCID: PMC8515831 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hunter, GR, Neumeier, WH, Chandler-Laney, PC, Carter, SJ, Borges, JH, Hornbuckle, LM, Plaisance, EP, and Fisher, G. Ratings of perceived exertion during walking predicts endurance independent of physiological effort in older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1340-1344, 2020-This study aimed to determine whether ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological effort at different exercise intensities relate to exercise endurance. Ninety-eight sedentary women (older than 60 years) completed 3 submaximal locomotion tasks: (a) stair climbing, (b) flat walking at 2 mph, and (c) grade walking at 2 mph. Maximal treadmill endurance was measured at least 3 days before the submaximal tests. Oxygen uptake was measured during all tests, and RPE were collected for the submaximal tasks. Ratings of perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise (walking on the flat at 43% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, partial R = -0.35, p < 0.01), but not higher intensity exercise (grade walk at 59% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, p = 0.49, and stair climbing at 67% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, p = 0.17), were related to endurance even after adjusting for aerobic capacity and physiological effort (composite of maximal heart rate, ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio). However, physiological effort was significantly related to endurance for the higher intensity exercise (both grade walk and stair climbing partial R >-0.24, p < 0.02). Similar to previous findings that subjective ratings of fatigue at rest were related to RPE during low/moderate-intensity exercise, but not higher intensity exercise, these data further support Ekkekakis's dual-mode hypothesis that cognitive factors influence RPE during low/moderate-intensity exercise. A practical application is that the coach and personal trainer should know that physiological effort seems to play a greater role in influencing endurance than RPE as intensity of exercise increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William H. Neumeier
- School of Health Professions Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Stephen J. Carter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Juliano H. Borges
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Tomeleri CM, Nunes JP, Souza MF, Gerage AM, Marcori A, Iarosz KC, Cardoso-Júnior CG, Cyrino ES. Resistance Exercise Order Does Not Affect the Magnitude and Duration of Postexercise Blood Pressure in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1062-1070. [PMID: 32205834 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tomeleri, CM, Nunes, JP, Souza, MF, Gerage, AM, Marcori, A, Iarosz, KC, Cardoso-Júnior, CG, and Cyrino, ES. Resistance exercise order does not affect the magnitude and duration of postexercise blood pressure in older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1062-1070, 2020-The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 resistance exercise order on postexercise blood pressure (BP) in trained nonhypertensive older women. Sixteen women (68.3 ± 3.3 years, 63.5 ± 11.6 kg, 157.5 ± 5.1 cm) performed 2 sessions with 8 exercises (3 sets of 8-12 repetitions) in distinct orders (from multi- to single-joint exercises [MS] or from single- to multijoint exercises [SM]) and a control session (CS), without exercise. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were obtained pre- and postsessions (60 minutes). Postexercise hypotension was observed for systolic BP (SBP) and mean BP in both the MS session (SBP: -6.9 mm Hg, mean BP: -3.3 mm Hg, p ≤ 0.05) and SM session (SBP: -4.6 mm Hg; mean BP: -1.1 mm Hg). Postexercise HR was higher than presession values until 30 minutes of recovery in both training sessions. Furthermore, SBP and mean BP, and HR were lower than the values obtained in the CS (30-60 minutes and 0 minutes, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). There were no differences between the SM and MS sessions in any variable or at any moment. In conclusion, resistance exercise order does not interfere in the magnitude and duration of postexercise hypotension in trained nonhypertensive older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Aline Mendes Gerage
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Marcori
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kessi Cassiane Iarosz
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Crivaldo Gomes Cardoso-Júnior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; and
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; and
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Dos Santos WDN, Siqueira GDDJ, Martins WR, Vieira A, Schincaglia RM, Gentil P, Vieira CA. Reliability and Agreement of the 10-Repetition Maximum Test in Breast Cancer Survivors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:918. [PMID: 31616633 PMCID: PMC6775190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and agreement between the test and retest of the 10-repetition maximum (10-RM) test for leg press and bench press in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Thirty-one BCS participated in this study, age 54.87 ± 5.7 years. All performed 10-RM tests and retests for the leg press 45° and the bench press. For reliability analyses, an intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were performed. The limits of agreement were calculated using a Bland-Altman plot with 95% CIs. For absolute and relative error of measurement, we used standard error of measurement and minimally detectable change. The result showed a high reliability for the bench press and leg press; ICC of 0.94 and 0.98, respectively. CV was <10% for both exercises. The systematic error were 1.5 kg (10%) and 6.1 (8%) for the bench press and leg press, respectively. The standard errors of measurements were 0.96 kg (6.08%) and 4.11 kg (5.27%) for the bench press and leg press, respectively. The minimally detectable changes were 2.72 kg (17.20%) and 5.62 kg (7.21%) for the bench press and leg press, respectively. In breast cancer survivors, the muscular strength measurement for the 10-RM test showed a high to very high rate of reliability and agreement, with acceptable error of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amilton Vieira
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia - UnB, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias - UFG, Goiânia, Brazil
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Bezerra ES, Schoenfeld BJ, Paz G, Farias DDA, Sakugawa RL, Vieira I, Rossato M, Miranda H. Effect of exercise order with barbell and machine modalities on upper body volume load and myoelectric activity. Sports Biomech 2018; 19:778-791. [PMID: 30274549 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1515980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exercise order on volume load (VL) and myoelectric activation (EMG) during the bench press (BP), military press (MP) and close-grip bench press (CGBP) exercises executed with a barbell and Smith machine. Twelve men experienced in resistance training performed four different exercise sessions in randomised order. Each session consisted of four sets of a given exercise order: O1 = CGBP + MP + BP with barbell; O2 = inverse O1 with barbell, O3 = same O1 with Smith Machine; O4 = same O2 with Smith machine. EMG was assessed for the Clavicular head pectoralis major (PMC), anterior deltoid (AD), triceps brachii long head (TBLH) and biceps brachii (BB). Results showed that VL in BP was affected by exercise order, independent of the mode (p < 0.05). However, the CGBP showed higher VL in O1. Moreover, when the BP was positioned last in the sequence (O1 and O3), myoelectric activity was higher for PMC, AD and TBLH (p < 0.05). Findings were similar in the CGBP (PMC and TBLH), but for the AD (Smith machine > barbell, p < 0.05). Therefore, it appears that the order and modes of exercises influence both volume load and myoelectric activation patterns during multiple set of resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewertton S Bezerra
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas , Manaus, Brazil.,Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, City University of New York , Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel Paz
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Déborah de Araújo Farias
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas , Manaus, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raphael L Sakugawa
- Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Iago Vieira
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mateus Rossato
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas , Manaus, Brazil.,Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Humberto Miranda
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Nunes JP. Large and Small Muscles in Resistance Training: Is It Time for a Better Definition? Strength Cond J 2017. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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An HJ, Choi WS, Choi JH, Kim NJ, Min KO. Effects of muscle activity and number of resistance exercise repetitions on perceived exertion in tonic and phasic muscle of young Korean adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3455-9. [PMID: 26696718 PMCID: PMC4681925 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of muscle activity and the
number of resistance exercise repetitions on perceived exertion in tonic and phasic
muscles in young Korean adults. [Subjects] Janda’s classification system was used to
divide 40 Korean males and females in their 20s into a tonic muscle group (10 males, 10
females) and phasic muscle group (10 males, 10 females). [Methods] Each participant
performed resistance exercise at 70% of maximum exertion for a single repetition. Muscle
activity and number of repetitions were measured according to the Borg Rating of Perceived
Exertion scale, with fairly light, hard, and very hard rated as 11, 15, and 19,
respectively. Multiple regression analysis was performed. [Results] As the number of tonic
and phasic muscle repetitions for males and females and female phasic muscle activity
increased, the perceived exertion increased. Perceived exertion increased as the number of
tonic muscle repetitions and activity of gastrocnemius muscles in males and females and
the hamstring in males increased. Increased activity of phasic muscles in males and
females and rhomboid muscle activity in males was associated with significantly increased
perceived exertion. [Conclusion] Muscle activity and number of repetitions affect
perceived exertion. The perception of exertion differs by muscle type and can differ by
gender. The influence of the number of repetitions exceeds that of muscle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung An
- Department of Physical Therapy, Dongnam Health University, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Suk Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nyeon Jun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Pohang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ok Min
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
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Ratamess NA, Rosenberg JG, Kang J, Sundberg S, Izer KA, Levowsky J, Rzeszutko C, Ross RE, Faigenbaum AD. Acute oxygen uptake and resistance exercise performance using different rest interval lengths: the influence of maximal aerobic capacity and exercise sequence. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:1875-88. [PMID: 24714546 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between VO2max and acute resistance exercise performance and the acute metabolic effects of exercise sequencing. Seventeen resistance-trained men were tested for VO2max and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a group that performed the squat first in sequence followed by the bench press (S; n = 8) or a group that performed the bench press first followed by the squat (BP; n = 9). Each group performed 3 protocols (using 1-, 2-, or 3-minute rest intervals [RIs] between sets in random order) consisting of 5 sets of each exercise with 75% of their 1RM for up to 10 repetitions while oxygen consumption was measured. Total repetitions completed were highest with 3-minute RI and lowest with 1-minute RI. Mean VO2 was significantly highest with 1-minute RI and lowest using 3-minute RI. Analysis of each exercise revealed a tendency (p = 0.07) for mean bench press VO2 to be higher when it was performed after the squat using 1- and 2-minute RIs. VO2max was significantly negatively correlated to 1RM bench press and squat (r = -0.79 and -0.60, respectively) and was significantly correlated to squat repetitions (r = 0.43-0.57) but did not correlate to bench press performance. It seems that VO2max is related to lower-body resistance exercise performance when short RIs are used, and the metabolic response to the bench press is augmented when it follows the squat in sequence using short RIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Ratamess
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise order on electromyographic activity in different muscle groups among youth men with experience in strength training. Three sets of 8 RM were performed of each exercise in two sequences order: (a) sequence A: bench press, chest fly, shoulder press, shoulder abduction, close grip bench press and lying triceps extension; (b) sequence B: the opposite order. The electromyographic activity was analyzed in the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and long head triceps brachii, normalized for maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The muscles activity of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and long head triceps brachii showed significant interaction between sequence and exercise. The sternocostal head of the pectoralis major showed considerably higher activity in sequence A (100.13 ± 13.56%) than sequence B (81.47 ± 13.09%) for the chest fly. The anterior deltoid showed significantly higher electromyographic activity in sequence B (86.81 ± 40.43%) than sequence A (66.15 ± 22.02%) for the chest fly, whereas for the lying triceps extension, the electromyographic activity was significantly higher in sequence A (53.89 ± 27.09%) than sequence B (34.32 ± 23.70%). For the long head triceps brachii, only the shoulder press showed differences between sequences (A = 52.43 ± 14.64 vs. B = 38.53 ± 16.26). The present study showed that the exercise order could modify the training results even though there was no alteration in volume and intensity of the exercise. These changes may result in different training adaptations.
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