1
|
Segaar J, Ingenhoven T, Berghuis H, Peen J, Dekker J. Interrater Reliability of the Psychological Mindedness Assessment Procedure, Extended (Dutch) Version, in a Clinical Patient Population. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:174-180. [PMID: 37368971 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2220405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The Psychological Mindedness Assessment Procedure, Extended Dutch Version (PMAP-plus), was developed to assess psychological mindedness in mental health care. Psychological Mindedness represents the ability to understand self and others through mental representations of internal psychodynamic states. In patients, deficits in psychological mindedness capacity can cause problems in self- and interpersonal functioning. This brief report describes interrater reliability of four PMAP-plus scenarios for evaluating psychological mindedness capacity among patients. Patients with personality disorders (N = 194) were asked to respond to four enacted videotaped PMAP-plus scenarios presenting a person talking about a personal experience. The videotaped scenarios varied in their emotional impact. All verbatim responses were scored by two clinically experienced raters on a hierarchical scale with gradually increasing complexity of psychodynamic understanding. Clinicians achieved acceptable interrater reliability on PMAP-plus in this patient population. Two scenarios with low emotional impact evoked significantly higher interrater agreement as compared to two scenarios with high emotional impact. Our results suggest that mental health professionals can reliably distinguish levels of psychological mindedness by assessing PMAP-plus in a patient population. Scenarios differ in potency to reveal psychological mindedness capacity. The variation in emotional impact in subsequent scenarios makes it a promising instrument measuring psychodynamic capacities for psychotherapeutic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Segaar
- Expertise Treatment Center for Personality Disorders, GGz Centraal, Ermelo, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Ingenhoven
- NPI Center for Personality Disorders, Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Han Berghuis
- NPI Center for Personality Disorders, Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Peen
- VU University Amsterdam/Arkin, Center's for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Dekker
- VU University Amsterdam/Arkin, Center's for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kosasih FR, Yee VTS, Toh SHY, Sündermann O. Efficacy of Intellect's self-guided anxiety and worry mobile health programme: A randomized controlled trial with an active control and a 2-week follow-up. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000095. [PMID: 37224139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Digital self-guided mobile health [mHealth] applications are cost-effective, accessible, and well-suited to improve mental health at scale. This randomized controlled trial [RCT] evaluated the efficacy of a recently developed mHealth programme based on cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT] principles in improving worry and anxiety. We also examined psychological mindedness [PM] as a mediator by which app engagement is thought to improve outcomes. The Intervention group completed a 2-week "Anxiety and Worry" programme with daily CBT-informed activities, while the active waitlist-control completed a matched 2-week mHealth programme on procrastination. Participants filled out the Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], and Psychological Mindedness Scale [PMS] at baseline, post-intervention, and 2-week follow-up. App engagement was measured at post-intervention only. Contrary to prediction, the Intervention group did not perform better than the Active Control group; both groups showed significant improvements on anxiety and depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. From post-intervention to follow-up, only the Intervention group showed further improvements for anxiety symptoms. Higher engagement with the mHealth app predicted lower anxiety and depressive symptoms at follow-up, and this relationship was fully mediated by psychological mindedness. This study provides evidence that [a] engaging in a CBT mHealth programme can reduce anxiety and worry, and [b] Psychological mindedness is a potential pathway by which engaging with a mHealth app improves anxiety and depressive symptoms. While overall effect sizes were small, at the population level, these can make significant contributions to public mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oliver Sündermann
- Research Department, Intellect Co Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lorentzen S. Focused group analytic psychotherapy: An integration of clinical experience and research. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:1613-1623. [PMID: 35689824 PMCID: PMC9543503 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Group‐analytic psychotherapy is probably the most commonly used psychodynamic group therapy in Europe. This paper describes focused group analytic psychotherapy (FGAP), a new time–limited version of this therapy, based on clinical experience and research. The therapy/suitability of patients It is relatively structured and individually oriented, and designed for patients with a certain ability to tolerate internal and external stress, without decompensating or developing serious behavioral disturbances (they should have a limited degree of personality pathology). Patients entering FGAP should establish a circumscribed therapy focus ahead of therapy, based on some dysfunctional patterns of interpersonal problems, conflicts, and/or symptoms related to a psychodynamic hypothesis/case formulation. Selection/preparation The paper describes patient selection and preparation, the evolvement of the group process, and how therapist and other group members interact/intervene. Clinical material/vignettes Central elements in the evaluation and aspects of the therapy are described and illustrated with an extensive case description and clinical material and vignettes from the group process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Lorentzen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Østergård OK, Frandsen CR, Valbak K. Psychological Mindedness, Personality Structure, and Outcomes in Short-Term Group Analytic Psychotherapy. Int J Group Psychother 2022; 72:113-142. [PMID: 38446585 DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2022.2062364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the treatment effects of focused short-term group analytic psychotherapy and examined whether outcomes were predicted by the client's psychological mindedness and personality structure as measured by the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD). Treatment foci were formulated according to the OPD for 66 student counseling clients across nine groups. Two observers independently rated client psychological mindedness and personality structure. The pre-post Cohen's d effect sizes were large on the Global Severity Index (GSI) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64) and moderate on the Social Adjustment Scale Self Report, including all 66 clients starting treatment. Psychological mindedness significantly predicted two outcomes (GSI, IIP), and personality structure predicted one outcome (GSI). These measures could be helpful when selecting clients for short-term group analytic psychotherapy. We discuss study limitations and implications for future research and practice.
Collapse
|
5
|
Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Balanced Index of Psychological Mindedness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-021-09452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Quinze ans après le rapport de l’Inserm. L’efficacité de la psychanalyse ré-évaluée. EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
7
|
Fifteen years after the INSERM report. Psychoanalysis's efficacy reevaluated. EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Pinto S, Soares J, Silva A, Curral R, Coelho R. COVID-19 Suicide Survivors-A Hidden Grieving Population. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:626807. [PMID: 33408658 PMCID: PMC7779552 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.626807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Present time has been dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic. People are grieving several non-death related situations: the loss of a job, of a status, of a role, of their life. Restrictive measures and uncertainty about the future makes individuals vulnerable to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Mental health support has been hindered and teams are reinventing themselves to reach people in need. Nevertheless, decompensation of previous psychiatric disorders, increasing levels of depression and anxiety, economical handicaps and fear of the infection, are prompting several cases of COVID-19 related suicides worldwide. Every suicide affects between 5 and 80 individuals, which are known as suicide survivors. Suicide grief is particularly challenging, with rates of complicated grief as high as 40%. Suicide survivors are at increased risk of developing depression, anxiety disorders and of suicidal behaviors. Moreover, feelings of guilt and shame, as well as social stigma, are major obstacles for them to reach form help. This article aims to review the existing literature on COVID-19 related suicides, complicated grief in suicide survivors and highlight modifiable risk factors for both conditions, as well as propose some public health measures to reduce the impact of the pandemic context on self-inflicted harm and its consequences on families, friends and the community. Obstacles to access to mental health support need to be overcome through the use of technology. Technicians should actively approach populations more vulnerable to develop suicidal ideation. Social media have the obligation to provide accurate an non-sensationalistic information. Families and friends should maintain social proximity, despite the need for physical distancing. When a suicide death occurs, police forces and health staff should be prepared to share the news with the family using an empathic and humane approach and providing psychological support. Funerals, memorials and other services should be held as much as possible. Closer contacts should be signalized and closely followed in order to detect the need for specific interventions. Help seeking behaviors should be promoted. Additionally, people should be educated on suicide and its impacts, in order to reduce stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pinto
- Psychiatry Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- Psychology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Alzira Silva
- Psychiatry Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Curral
- Psychiatry Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Rui Coelho
- Psychiatry Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pitman AL, King MB, Marston L, Osborn DPJ. The association of loneliness after sudden bereavement with risk of suicide attempt: a nationwide survey of bereaved adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1081-1092. [PMID: 32683472 PMCID: PMC7395013 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to test the hypothesis that among people who experience sudden bereavement, loneliness is associated with post-bereavement suicide attempt and post-bereavement suicidal ideation, even when adjusting for network size. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data collected in the 2010 UCL Bereavement Study, to identify 3193 respondents who had experienced sudden bereavement. We used multivariable logistic regression to test for an association between loneliness (using a newly-developed eight-item loneliness measure) and post-bereavement suicide attempt and suicidal ideation, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, pre-bereavement depression and self-harm, and network size. RESULTS Among bereaved adults, loneliness was significantly associated with probability of post-bereavement suicide attempt (AOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.14-1.25) and of post-bereavement suicidal ideation (AOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.20-1.28), with estimates unchanged by adding perceived stigma of the bereavement to adjusted models. There was no association between suicide bereavement and loneliness (adjusted coefficient 0.22; 95% CI - 0.12 to 0.45; p = 0.063). The association of loneliness and suicide attempt risk was similar whether participants were bereaved by suicide or not. CONCLUSIONS People who report feeling lonely after sudden bereavement are more likely to make a suicide attempt after their loss, even when taking into account their network size and the perceived stigma of the sudden bereavement. There is no evidence that the effects of loneliness on suicidality are specific to suicide bereavement. This work identifies loneliness as a potential target for suicide prevention interventions among bereaved people. It also fuels interest in longitudinal research investigating loneliness as a putative mediator of suicide risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Pitman
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 Saint Pancras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK.
| | - Michael B King
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Louise Marston
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David P J Osborn
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 Saint Pancras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Johannsen M, Damholdt MF, Zachariae R, Lundorff M, Farver-Vestergaard I, O'Connor M. Psychological interventions for grief in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:69-86. [PMID: 31029856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of psychological interventions for grief in bereaved adults and explores the possible moderating influence of various study characteristics. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted by two reviewers who independently searched electronic databases, reviewed and selected eligible studies, and evaluated their methodological quality. RESULTS A total of 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Statistically significant pooled effects of psychological intervention on grief symptoms were found for both post-intervention (Hedges's g = 0.41, p > .001, K = 31) and follow-up (g = 0.45, p > .001, K = 18). While generally robust, the effect was smaller at post-intervention when adjusting for possible publication bias (g = 0.31). Compared with the remaining studies, larger post-intervention effect sizes were found for studies with (1) individually delivered interventions (Beta = 0.49, p < .001), (2) the ICG-(R)/PG-13 questionnaire as the grief instrument (Beta = 0.46, p < .001), (3) participants who were ≥6 months post-loss (Beta = 0.58, p < .001), (4) participants included based on high baseline symptom levels (Beta = 0.40, p = .002) and (5) higher study quality (Beta = 0.06, p = .013). LIMITATIONS The included studies were methodologically heterogeneous and their methodological quality varied considerably. Moreover, there were some indications of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Given the recent introduction of Prolonged Grief Disorder in the ICD-11, the results of the present meta-analysis are timely and of clinical relevance. Based on our results, psychological intervention appears efficacious for alleviating grief symptoms in bereaved adults, with several study characteristics as possible moderators of the effect. The interpretability of the results, however, is challenged by some limitations of the available research, including possible publication bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Johannsen
- Unit for Bereavement Research, Aarhus University, Denmark; Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - M F Damholdt
- Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - R Zachariae
- Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - M Lundorff
- Unit for Bereavement Research, Aarhus University, Denmark; Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - I Farver-Vestergaard
- Unit for Bereavement Research, Aarhus University, Denmark; Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - M O'Connor
- Unit for Bereavement Research, Aarhus University, Denmark; Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND In psychotherapy research unified, transdiagnostic and modular treatments have emerged. This is true for both cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy. Recently, two unified psychodynamic protocols were presented, one for anxiety disorders, another for depressive disorders. Integrating the treatment principles for these two highly prevalent disorder groups into one protocol for "emotional disorders" may be useful for both clinical practice and training in psychotherapy. METHODS After updating the evidence for psychodynamic therapy in anxiety and depressive disorders in terms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by a systematic search, the treatment elements applied in those RCTs providing evidence for the efficacy of psychodynamic therapy in depressive or anxiety disorders were reviewed and compared. RESULTS Twenty-seven RCTs for anxiety or depressive disorders were identified. A review revealed a high overlap between the principles used for the psychodynamic treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders, reflecting the transdiagnostic nature of psychodynamic therapy. The overlap suggested to integrate the identified treatment principles into one unified psychodynamic protocol for "emotional disorders" (UPP-EMO). As a result, seven treatment principles or modules were distilled which can be flexibly applied depending on the patient´s symptoms and needs. In addition, a separate module addresses diagnostic assessment. Across modules, a focus on resources has been included. LIMITATIONS Despite being based on RCTs, UPP-EMO has not yet been examined in an RCT - which is planned as a next step. CONCLUSIONS As psychodynamic therapy is transdiagnostic in origin focusing on core underlying processes of mental disorders, acceptability of UPP-EMO among psychodynamic psychotherapists is likely to be high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Leichsenring
- Clinic of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Christiane Steinert
- Clinic of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany; MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
LeBoutillier N, Barry R. Psychological Mindedness, Personality and Creative Cognition. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2018.1411440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Enez Ö. Patolojik Yas Terapilerinin Etkinliği: Sistematik Derleme. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR 2017. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.295017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Leichsenring F. Are psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapies effective? A review of empirical data. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 2017; 86:841-68. [PMID: 16096078 DOI: 10.1516/rfee-lkpn-b7tf-kpdu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for empirical outcome research in psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapy. However, both the approach of empirically supported therapies (EST) and the procedures of evidence-based medicine (EBM) have severe limitations making randomised controlled trials (RCTs) an absolute standard. After a critical discussion of this approach, the author reviews the empirical evidence for the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific psychiatric disorders. The review aims to identify for which psychiatric disorders RCTs of specific models of psychodynamic psychotherapy are available and for which they are lacking, thus providing a basis for planning further research. In addition, results of process research of psychodynamic psychotherapy are presented. As the methodology of RCTs is not appropriate for psychoanalytic therapy, effectiveness studies of psychoanalytic therapy are reviewed as well. Studies of psychodynamic psychotherapy published between 1960 and 2004 were identified by a computerised search using Medline, PsycINFO and Current Contents. In addition, textbooks and journal articles were used. Twenty-two RCTs were identified of which 64% had not been included in the 1998 report by Chambless and Hollon. According to the results, for the following psychiatric disorders at least one RCT providing evidence for the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy was identified: depressive disorders (4 RCTs), anxiety disorders (1 RCT), post-traumatic stress disorder (1 RCT), somatoform disorder (4 RCTs), bulimia nervosa (3 RCTs), anorexia nervosa (2 RCTs), borderline personality disorder (2 RCTs), Cluster C personality disorder (1 RCT), and substance-related disorders (4 RCTs). According to results of process research, outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy is related to the competent delivery of therapeutic techniques and to the development of a therapeutic alliance. With regard to psychoanalytic therapy, controlled quasi-experimental effectiveness studies provide evidence that psychoanalytic therapy is (1) more effective than no treatment or treatment as usual, and (2) more effective than shorter forms of psychodynamic therapy. Conclusions are drawn for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Leichsenring
- Clinic of Tiefenbrunn and University of Gottingen, von Sieboldstr 5, D-37075, Gottingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khalaf IA, Al-Dweik G, Abu-Snieneh H, Al-Daken L, Musallam RM, BaniYounis M, Al-Rimawi R, Khatib AH, Habeeb Allah A, Atoum MH, Masadeh A. Nurses' Experiences of Grief Following Patient Death: A Qualitative Approach. J Holist Nurs 2017; 36:228-240. [PMID: 28845718 DOI: 10.1177/0898010117720341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the lived experiences of nurses' feelings, emotions, grief reactions, and coping mechanisms following their patients' death. BACKGROUND On a daily basis, nurses are experiencing patients' death, which exposes them to grief. Nurses' grief has not been sufficiently addressed in practice settings, although it has been a well-known threat to health and work performance. DESIGN A qualitative design guided by a phenomenological approach was adopted. METHOD Data were collected from a purposive sample of 21 Jordanian nurses by conducting three focus groups and analyzed using Colaizzi's framework. FINDINGS Four themes were generated in which participants reported feelings of grief following their patients' death. Their grief emotions were reported as sadness, crying, anger, shock, denial, faith, fear, guilt, fear of the family's reaction, and powerlessness. CONCLUSIONS The study provided evidence that nurses respond emotionally to patients' death and experience grief. Nurses are burdened by recurrent patients' deaths and try to cope and overcome their grief. This study emphasizes the importance of developing strategies to help nurses positively cope with their grief from a holistic perspective. This will reflect positively on the nurses' performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inaam A Khalaf
- The University of Jordan.,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thompson MR, Whiteman AD, Loucks KD, Daudt HML. Complicated Grief in Canada: Exploring the Client and Professional Landscape. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2017.1358574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen D. Loucks
- Bereavement Services, Victoria Hospice, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bros I, Notó P, Bulbena A. Effectiveness of Short-Term Dynamic Group Psychotherapy in Primary Care for Patients with Depressive Symptoms. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 24:826-834. [PMID: 27456221 PMCID: PMC5574004 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An open prospective controlled study was designed to compare the efficacy of short-term dynamic group psychotherapy with the standard treatment in patients with depressive symptoms attended in the primary care setting. A total of 115 patients with depressive symptoms were assigned to receive psychotherapy (75 min) over 9 months (37 to 39 sessions) (n = 70) or the standard care (n = 45). Outcome measures were the differences between baseline and post-treatment in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire in the two study groups. At the end of dynamic group psychotherapy, statistically significant improvements in the mean scores of all questionnaires were observed, whereas in control patients, significant improvements were only observed in the HDRS-17 scale and in the Mental Component Summary score of the SF-12. The mean changes after treatment were also higher in the psychotherapy group than in controls in all outcome measures, with statistically significant differences in the mean differences in favour of the psychotherapy group. In summary, implementation of short-term dynamic group psychotherapy run by experienced psychotherapists for patients with depressive symptoms attended in routine primary care centres is feasible and effective. © 2016 The Authors. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE Short-term dynamic group psychotherapy was delivered as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve depressive symptoms. Statistically significant differences as compared with a control group were observed in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire. Implementation of short-term dynamic group psychotherapy run by experienced psychotherapists for patients with depressive symptoms attended in routine primary care centres is feasible and effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Bros
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Notó
- Head of the Area of Social Psychology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bulbena
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Abstract
In this paper, I underline the challenges for group-analytic research by demonstrating the immense difference in the amount of research done in group psychotherapy in general as compared to group analysis. After presenting an overview of findings from empirical, quantitative outcome studies in group psychotherapy at large, I will discuss some trends in contemporary group psychotherapy research, and finally, I will give a rough sketch of group-analytic research. I will focus on quantitative research and I will see group analysis as a clinical enterprise - a theory, model, art and craft that has been developed and can be used to treat psychiatric disorders, and toameliorate psychological problems.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zum Stand der empirischen Forschung in der psychodynamischen Gruppenpsychotherapie. GRUPPENPSYCHOTHERAPIE UND GRUPPENDYNAMIK 2016. [DOI: 10.13109/grup.2016.52.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
21
|
Waller A, Turon H, Mansfield E, Clark K, Hobden B, Sanson-Fisher R. Assisting the bereaved: A systematic review of the evidence for grief counselling. Palliat Med 2016; 30:132-48. [PMID: 26415735 DOI: 10.1177/0269216315588728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supporting people after bereavement is a priority area for many health services. Investment in bereavement care must be supported by a rigorous evidence-base. AIM To examine the (1) relative proportion of descriptive, measurement and intervention research in grief counselling and (2) quality and effectiveness of intervention studies. DESIGN Systematic review of studies published in the area of grief counselling. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2013. Eligible papers were categorised into descriptive, measurement, review, commentaries and intervention studies. Intervention studies were assessed against the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care methodological criteria, and papers meeting criteria were assessed for quality. The impact of interventions on grief, psychological morbidity and quality of life was examined. RESULTS A total of 126 data-based papers, including 47 descriptive, 3 measurement and 76 grief counselling intervention studies were included. Only 59% (n = 45) of intervention studies met Effective Practice and Organisation of Care design criteria. Overall, study quality was poor, with the majority of interventions showing a risk of bias in several key areas. The three studies that met all criteria showed mixed effectiveness. CONCLUSION Grief counselling interventions require a strong rationale for design, and a systematic approach to development and evaluation. Descriptive research efforts should inform this process, focusing on homogeneity in sample, identification of risk factors for complicated grief and the impact of extraneous factors on intervention effects. Interventions should include comparisons to usual care, as well as replication to confirm positive findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Waller
- Health Behaviour Research Group, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Heidi Turon
- Health Behaviour Research Group, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Elise Mansfield
- Health Behaviour Research Group, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Clark
- Department of Palliative Care, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Bree Hobden
- Health Behaviour Research Group, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Sanson-Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Group, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fjeldstad A, Høglend P, Lorentzen S. Patterns of Change in Interpersonal Problems During and After Short-term and Long-term Psychodynamic Group Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Psychother Res 2015; 27:350-361. [PMID: 26514065 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we compared the patterns of change in interpersonal problems between short-term and long-term psychodynamic group therapy. METHOD A total of 167 outpatients with mixed diagnoses were randomized to 20 or 80 weekly sessions of group therapy. Interpersonal problems were assessed with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at six time points during the 3-year study period. Using linear mixed models, change was linearly modelled in two steps. Earlier (within the first 6 months) and later (during the last 2.5 years) changes in five subscales were estimated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Contrary to what we expected, short-term therapy induced a significantly larger early change than long-term therapy on the cold subscale and there was a trend on the socially avoidant subscale, using a Bonferroni-adjusted alpha. There was no significant difference between short-term and long-term group therapy for improving problems in the areas cold, socially avoidant, nonassertive, exploitable, and overly nurturant over the 3 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Fjeldstad
- a Department for Research and Development , Clinic for Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Per Høglend
- b Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Steinar Lorentzen
- a Department for Research and Development , Clinic for Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,b Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Piper WE, Ogrodniczuk JS, Lamarche C, Joyce AS. Use of the Social Relations Model by Group Therapists: Application and Commentary. Int J Group Psychother 2015; 56:191-209. [PMID: 16643126 DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.2006.56.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article presents research findings concerning the relationship of patient positive regard to the outcome of time-limited, short-term group therapy for psychiatric outpatients with complicated grief. The Social Relations Model (SOREMO) of David Kenny was used to investigate this relationship. While the patient's ratings of positive regard of others in the group, known as the Perceiver Effect, accounted for the most variation of the patients' ratings, the other patients' rating of the patient's positive regard, known as the Target Effect, was directly related to favorable change. In addition, a simpler method was used to calculate variables that were analogous to the Perceiver Effect and Target Effect variables of the SOREMO. These variables yielded similar outcome findings. Because of limitations and difficulties associated with learning and using the SOREMO, the simpler method represents a more feasible choice for group therapists who are primarily clinicians or group therapists who wish to collect a small amount of data on an ongoing basis. Even experienced group therapy researchers are likely to find the SOREMO program challenging to use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E Piper
- Psychotherapy Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ogrodniczuk JS, Piper WE, Joyce AS, McCallum M, Rosie JS. NEO-Five Factor Personality Traits as Predictors of Response to Two Forms of Group Psychotherapy. Int J Group Psychother 2015; 53:417-42. [PMID: 14562520 DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.53.4.417.42832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between patient personality variables and outcome for 107 psychiatric outpatients with complicated grief who completed either interpretive or supportive short-term group therapy were investigated. The personality variables were assessed prior to treatment with the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). For patients in both forms of therapy, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness were directly associated with favorable treatment outcome. In contrast, neuroticism was inversely related to favorable outcome for patients in both forms of therapy. Agreeableness was directly related to favorable improvement in grief symptomatology for patients in interpretive therapy, but not for those in supportive therapy. The results highlight the importance of assessing patient personality in order to predict response to short-term group therapy. Possible explanations and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Piper WE, Ogrodniczuk JS, Lamarche C, Hilscher T, Joyce AS. Level of Alliance, Pattern of Alliance, and Outcome in Short–term Group Therapy. Int J Group Psychother 2015; 55:527-50. [PMID: 16232112 DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.2005.55.4.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between initial level of alliance, pattern of alliance over sessions, and outcome in a sample of 107 patients who completed short-term group therapy for complicated grief. Both patient-rated alliance and therapist-rated alliance were studied. For patient-rated alliance, both the initial level of alliance and the linear pattern of alliance were directly and significantly related to favorable outcome. For therapist-rated alliance, no significant direct relationships with outcome were found. Instead, significant interaction effects were found. For patients with relatively high initial alliance, the greater the increase in alliance over sessions, the better the outcome. For patients with relatively low initial alliance, the greater the decrease in alliance over sessions, the better the outcome. Explanations for the findings are considered as well as possible clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E Piper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leichsenring F, Leweke F, Klein S, Steinert C. The empirical status of psychodynamic psychotherapy - an update: Bambi's alive and kicking. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2015; 84:129-48. [PMID: 25833321 DOI: 10.1159/000376584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures proposed rigorous criteria to define empirically supported psychotherapies. According to these criteria, 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showing efficacy are required for a treatment to be designated as 'efficacious' and 1 RCT for a designation as 'possibly efficacious'. Applying these criteria modified by Chambless and Hollon, this article presents an update on the evidence for psychodynamic therapy (PDT) in specific mental disorders. METHODS A systematic search was performed using the criteria by Chambless and Hollon for study selection, as follows: (1) RCT of PDT in adults, (2) use of reliable and valid measures for diagnosis and outcome, (3) use of treatment manuals or manual-like guidelines, (4) adult population treated for specific problems and (5) PDT superior to no treatment, placebo or alternative treatment or equivalent to an established treatment. RESULTS A total of 39 RCTs were included. Following Chambless and Hollon, PDT can presently be designated as efficacious in major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, borderline and heterogeneous personality disorders, somatoform pain disorder, and anorexia nervosa. For MDD, this also applies to the combination with pharmacotherapy. PDT can be considered as possibly efficacious in dysthymia, complicated grief, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance abuse/dependence. Evidence is lacking for obsessive-compulsive, posttraumatic stress, bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorder(s). CONCLUSIONS Evidence has emerged that PDT is efficacious or possibly efficacious in a wide range of common mental disorders. Further research is required for those disorders for which sufficient evidence does not yet exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Leichsenring
- Clinic of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Psychodynamic therapy meets evidence-based medicine: a systematic review using updated criteria. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2:648-60. [PMID: 26303562 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychodynamic therapy (PDT) is an umbrella concept for treatments that operate on an interpretive-supportive continuum and is frequently used in clinical practice. The use of any form of psychotherapy should be supported by sufficient evidence. Efficacy research has been neglected in PDT for a long time. In this review, we describe methodological requirements for proofs of efficacy and summarise the evidence for use of PDT to treat mental health disorders. After specifying the requirements for superiority, non-inferiority, and equivalence trials, we did a systematic search using the following criteria: randomised controlled trial of PDT; use of treatment manuals or manual-like guidelines; use of reliable and valid measures for diagnosis and outcome; adults treated for specific mental problems. We identified 64 randomised controlled trials that provide evidence for the efficacy of PDT in common mental health disorders. Studies sufficiently powered to test for equivalence to established treatments did not find substantial differences in efficacy. These results were corroborated by several meta-analyses that suggest PDT is as efficacious as treatments established in efficacy. More randomised controlled trials are needed for some mental health disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, more adequately powered equivalence trials are needed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nyklíček I, Schalken P, Meertens S. The role of emotional intelligence in symptom reduction after psychotherapy in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 57:65-72. [PMID: 25511325 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional intelligence of the patient has been claimed to potentially be an important factor in psychotherapy. Empirical studies are largely lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine if (i) pre-intervention emotional intelligence predicts outcome of psychotherapy and (ii) change in emotional intelligence during psychotherapy is associated with change in symptoms in a patient sample with heterogeneous psychiatric symptoms. METHODS Participants were 166 patients with different diagnoses who were hospitalized at the Center for Psychological Recovery. Before, after hospitalization and 6months after hospitalization they were asked to complete the BarOn-EQi for emotional intelligence and the Symptom Checklist-90. RESULTS Level of emotional intelligence at the start of hospitalization largely did not predict psychological symptoms at post-intervention or at 6month follow-up. However, an increase in the level of emotional intelligence over the course of the intervention was associated with lower levels of psychological symptoms, both immediately post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that while the pre-intervention level of emotional intelligence has no substantial effect on treatment outcome, an increase in emotional intelligence may have a positive effect on symptom decrease and on the preservation of treatment results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nyklíček
- Center for Research in Psychology in Somatic Disease (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Pierre Schalken
- Center for Psychological Recovery, Berlicumseweg 8, 5248 NT Rosmalen, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Meertens
- Center for Psychological Recovery, Berlicumseweg 8, 5248 NT Rosmalen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Group therapy remains a popular treatment format for individuals experiencing bereavement. Although many innovative group treatments for grief are being developed, common therapeutic factors can also contribute to outcomes. The author integrates research on group therapy processes and treatment for grief, and examines evidence regarding group therapeutic factors that may influence bereavement group outcomes. Specifically, research on therapeutic factors related to sharing and support, interpersonal learning, and meaning-making is highlighted where it has relevance to bereavement groups. Potential research examining the interactions of these processes, their effects on group functioning and outcomes, and the moderators of these effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rice
- a College of Education , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leichsenring F, Klein S. Evidence for psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific mental disorders: a systematic review. PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2013.865428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Sharpe TL, Osteen P, Frey JJ, Michalopoulos LM. Coping with grief responses among African American family members of homicide victims. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2014; 29:332-347. [PMID: 24834751 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00083r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Research relevant to coping with grief for African American family members of homicide victims is limited. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the effects of gender, length of time since death, the traumatic impact of experiencing the homicide of a loved one, and the use of coping strategies to current grief reactions of African American family members of homicide victims (N = 44). Multiple regression analysis results suggest that gender and level of traumatic stress, related to posttraumatic stress symptomatology, predict current symptoms of grief. Women reported higher levels of current grief symptoms than men. Family members of homicide victims who reported higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptomology reported higher levels of current grief. Implications for research and recommendations for practitioners are discussed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Joyce AS, Fujiwara E, Cristall M, Ruddy C, Ogrodniczuk JS. Clinical correlates of alexithymia among patients with personality disorder. Psychother Res 2013; 23:690-704. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2013.803628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
33
|
Tschuschke V, Blawath S, Horn E, Tress W. Beziehungs- oder Mentalisierungsfähigkeit. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-013-0985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
34
|
Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Intachote-Sakamoto R, Boripuntakul T. The Group Cohesiveness Scale (GCS) for psychiatric inpatients. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2013; 49:58-64. [PMID: 23293998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2012.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the seven-item Group Cohesiveness Scale (GCS). DESIGN AND METHODS In total, 96 inpatients completed the GCS along with the Cohesion to Therapist Scale Questionnaire and the Group Benefit Questionnaire after participating in group therapy sessions. Construct and concurrent validities and internal consistency were analyzed. FINDINGS It yielded a Cronbach's alpha of .87, with a one-factor solution with excellent fit indices. A significant correlation was found between the GCSc, the Cohesion to Therapist Scale, and the Group Benefit Questionnaire. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The scale shows good internal consistency, and its brevity makes it suitable for use with psychiatric inpatients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bender DS, Morey LC, Skodol AE. Toward a model for assessing level of personality functioning in DSM-5, part I: a review of theory and methods. J Pers Assess 2012; 93:332-46. [PMID: 22804672 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2011.583808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders are associated with fundamental disturbances of self and interpersonal relations, problems that vary in severity within and across disorders. This review surveyed clinician-rated measures of personality psychopathology that focus on self-other dimensions to explore the feasibility and utility of constructing a scale of severity of impairment in personality functioning for DSM-5. Robust elements of the instruments were considered in creating a continuum of personality functioning based on aspects of identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy. Building on preliminary findings (Morey et al., 2011 /this issue), the proposed Levels of Personality Functioning will be subjected to extensive empirical testing in the DSM-5 field trials and elsewhere. The resulting version of this severity measure is expected to have clinical utility in identifying personality psychopathology, planning treatment, building the therapeutic alliance, and studying treatment course and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna S Bender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mullin ASJ, Hilsenroth MJ. Relationship Between Patient Pre-treatment Object Relations Functioning and Psychodynamic Techniques Early in Treatment. Clin Psychol Psychother 2012; 21:123-31. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. J. Mullin
- Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies; Adelphi University; Garden City NY USA
| | - Mark J. Hilsenroth
- Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies; Adelphi University; Garden City NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tal Young I, Iglewicz A, Glorioso D, Lanouette N, Seay K, Ilapakurti M, Zisook S. Suicide bereavement and complicated grief. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2012. [PMID: 22754290 PMCID: PMC3384446 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/iyoung] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Losing a loved to suicide is one is one of life's most painful experiences. The feelings of loss, sadness, and loneliness experienced after any death of a loved one are often magnified in suicide survivors by feelings of quilt, confusion, rejection, shame, anger, and the effects of stigma and trauma. Furthermore, survivors of suicide loss are at higher risk of developing major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal behaviors, as well as a prolonged form of grief called complicated grief. Added to the burden is the substantial stigma, which can keep survivors away from much needed support and healing resources. Thus, survivors may require unique supportive measures and targeted treatment to cope with their loss. After a brief description of the epidemiology and circumstances of suicide, we review the current state of research on suicide bereavement, complicated grief in suicide survivors, and grief treatment for survivors of suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilanit Tal Young
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Complicated grief therapy (CGT) is a relatively new psychotherapy model designed to address symptoms of complicated grief. Drawn from attachment theory and with roots in both interpersonal therapy (IPT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy, CGT includes techniques similar to prolonged exposure (repeatedly telling the story of the death and in vivo exposure activities). The treatment also involves focusing on personal goals and relationships. CGT has been demonstrated to be effective in a trial in which participants with complicated grief were randomly assigned to CGT or IPT; individuals receiving CGT responded more quickly and were more likely to respond overall (51% vs 28%). This article briefly summarizes the conceptual underpinnings of CGT, discusses the empirical evidence for its efficacy, describes its techniques, and presents a case example of a client treated in a 16-session manualized CGT protocol. The article concludes with a description of future research directions for CGT.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Simon W, Śliwka P. Effectiveness of group psychotherapy for adult outpatients traumatized by abuse, neglect, and/or pregnancy loss: a multiple-site, pre-post-follow-up, naturalistic study. Int J Group Psychother 2012; 62:283-308. [PMID: 22468575 DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.2012.62.2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The New Experience for Survivors of Trauma (NEST) is a group psychotherapy intervention for clients traumatized by consequences of abuse, neglect, and pregnancy loss. This multiple site study is the first investigation of its effectiveness. Ninety outpatients from a naturalistic setting completed the Symptom Checklist and the Sense of Coherence questionnaire at baseline, end of treatment, and one-year follow-up. Effectiveness was tested with statistical significance, effect size, and clinical significance. Clients from the total sample as well as from the abortion subsample showed improvement at the end of treatment and at follow-up. Lack of a control group is balanced to some extent by the high ecological validity. The findings suggest that the NEST treatment may be beneficial for traumatized clients and call for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witold Simon
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Neurotic Disorders and Psychotherapy, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Findings reviewed in this article show that PT should be included in treatment guidelines for depression. BPT in particular has been found to be superior to control conditions, equally effective as other active psychological treatments, with treatment effects that are often maintained in the long run, conferring resistance to relapse. Moreover, BPT is as effective as pharmacotherapy in the acute treatment of mild to moderate depression, and, either as monotherapy or combined with medication, BPT is associated with better long-term outcome compared with pharmacotherapy alone. PT is accepted by many depressed patients as a viable and preferred treatment. Furthermore, LTPT and PA have shown promise in treating patients with complex psychological disorders characterized by mood problems, often with comorbid personality problems. Finally, although studies suggest that effects of PT may be achieved somewhat slower compared with other forms of psychotherapy as well as medication in the acute treatment of depression, LTPT appears to be more clinically effective and perhaps more cost effective in the long run, particularly for chronically depressed patients. As noted, these conclusions need to be interpreted within the context of important limitations. Compared with other treatments, the evidence base for PT in depression remains relatively small, despite a respectable research tradition supporting psychodynamic assumptions with regard to the causation of depression. Moreover, and perhaps most importantly, although more studies now include longer follow-up assessments, our knowledge about the long-term effects of so-called evidence-based treatments of depression remains sketchy at best. In this context, the growing evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of LTPT is promising. Overall, it is clear that the future of the treatment of depression may lie in a combined disorder- and person-centered, tailored-made approach, which takes into account, particularly in chronic depression, the broader interpersonal context and life history of the individual. It is clear that psychodynamic therapies have an important role to play in this respect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Luyten
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 PO Box 3722, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Report on a Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Clinical Effectiveness of Group Analysis and Analytic/Dynamic Group Psychotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0533316411424356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on a systematic review to assess the efficacy and clinical effectiveness of group analysis and analytic/dynamic (A/D) group psychotherapy. Systematic literature searches were undertaken; 34 primary studies and 19 reviews met the inclusion criteria and their data was extracted. Of the primary studies, the randomized controlled trials provided evidence for the efficacy and clinical effectiveness of group therapy approaches in a range of clinical problems, but not for specific benefits of any particular theoretical approach. The controlled studies and observational studies gave support for the use of group psychotherapy in a variety of conditions. The review of reviews confirms that group therapies in general are more effective than wait list or standard care controls. Methodological challenges encountered and recommendations for further research are presented, along with a more detailed discussion of the implications of the review for the research community.
Collapse
|
43
|
Koelen JA, Luyten P, Eurelings-Bontekoe LHM, Diguer L, Vermote R, Lowyck B, Bühring MEF. The impact of level of personality organization on treatment response: a systematic review. Psychiatry 2012; 75:355-74. [PMID: 23244013 DOI: 10.1521/psyc.2012.75.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a systematic review of extant research concerning the association between level of personality organization (PO) and psychotherapy response. Psychotherapy studies that reported a quantifiable association between level of PO and treatment outcome were examined for eligibility. Based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified 18 studies from 13 original data sources. Participants in these studies had a variety of mental disorders, of which mood, anxiety, and personality disorders were the most common. The results of this systematic review converge to suggest that higher initial levels of PO are moderately to strongly associated with better treatment outcome. Some studies indicate that level of PO may interact with the type of intervention (i.e., interpretive versus supportive) in predicting treatment outcome, which suggests the importance of tailoring the level of interpretive work to the level of PO. Yet, at the same time, the limited number of studies available and the heterogeneity of measures used to assess PO in existing research stress the need for further research. Potential implications for clinical practice and guidelines for future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ogrodniczuk JS, Piper WE, Joyce AS. Effect of alexithymia on the process and outcome of psychotherapy: a programmatic review. Psychiatry Res 2011; 190:43-8. [PMID: 20471096 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Most psychotherapeutic approaches assume that individuals have some access to their emotions. Thus, patients who are unable to identify, differentiate, and articulate their emotions present therapists with a difficult challenge. Such patients may suffer from alexithymia. Despite much attention in the clinical literature, research on alexithymia in the treatment setting has been sparse. Thus, many of the assumptions about psychotherapeutic treatment of alexithymic patients remain untested. This article summarizes findings from a series of studies that examined the effect of alexithymia on various aspects of the psychotherapeutic enterprise. Findings indicated that alexithymia has little effect on patients' treatment preferences, yet there was some tendency for alexithymic patients to prefer group therapy. However, alexithymia was associated with poor outcome in both traditional psychodynamic psychotherapy and supportive therapy. This negative effect was found in individual and group psychotherapies. In the context of group therapy, higher levels of alexithymic features elicited negative reactions from one's therapist, which partially contributed to the poor outcome experienced by such patients. Finally, the negative reaction that therapists had toward patients with high alexithymia appeared to be in response to the lack of positive emotion expressed by these patients. Clinical implications and ideas for future research are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Suite 420 - 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Der Einfluss von Alexithymie auf Behandlungsverlauf und -ergebnis von Psychotherapie: Eine programmatische Überprüfung. GRUPPENPSYCHOTHERAPIE UND GRUPPENDYNAMIK 2011. [DOI: 10.13109/grup.2011.47.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
46
|
Kuutmann K, Hilsenroth MJ. Exploring In-Session Focus on the Patient-Therapist Relationship: Patient Characteristics, Process and Outcome. Clin Psychol Psychother 2011; 19:187-202. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kuutmann
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wittouck C, Van Autreve S, De Jaegere E, Portzky G, van Heeringen K. The prevention and treatment of complicated grief: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
Shear MK, Simon N, Wall M, Zisook S, Neimeyer R, Duan N, Reynolds C, Lebowitz B, Sung S, Ghesquiere A, Gorscak B, Clayton P, Ito M, Nakajima S, Konishi T, Melhem N, Meert K, Schiff M, O'Connor MF, First M, Sareen J, Bolton J, Skritskaya N, Mancini AD, Keshaviah A. Complicated grief and related bereavement issues for DSM-5. Depress Anxiety 2011; 28:103-17. [PMID: 21284063 PMCID: PMC3075805 DOI: 10.1002/da.20780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bereavement is a severe stressor that typically incites painful and debilitating symptoms of acute grief that commonly progresses to restoration of a satisfactory, if changed, life. Normally, grief does not need clinical intervention. However, sometimes acute grief can gain a foothold and become a chronic debilitating condition called complicated grief. Moreover, the stress caused by bereavement, like other stressors, can increase the likelihood of onset or worsening of other physical or mental disorders. Hence, some bereaved people need to be diagnosed and treated. A clinician evaluating a bereaved person is at risk for both over-and under-diagnosis, either pathologizing a normal condition or neglecting to treat an impairing disorder. The authors of DSM IV focused primarily on the problem of over-diagnosis, and omitted complicated grief because of insufficient evidence. We revisit bereavement considerations in light of new research findings. This article focuses primarily on a discussion of possible inclusion of a new diagnosis and dimensional assessment of complicated grief. We also discuss modifications in the bereavement V code and refinement of bereavement exclusions in major depression and other disorders.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nyklícek I, Majoor D, Schalken PAAM. Psychological mindedness and symptom reduction after psychotherapy in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:492-6. [PMID: 20728006 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological mindedness (PM) has been claimed to be beneficial for outcome of various forms of psychotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of PM on the therapy results of a psychiatric patient sample with heterogeneous psychological symptoms. METHODS Participants were 110 patients with different diagnoses who were hospitalized at the Center for Psychological Recovery (Rosmalen, Netherlands). Before and after treatment, they were asked to complete the Balanced Index of Psychological Mindedness and the Symptom Checklist-90. RESULTS Baseline PM was not associated with a decrease in symptom scores (F(8,73) < 1.0; P > .20; partial eta(2) < 0.10). However, PM increased over the course of the intervention (F(2,84) = 43.54; P < .001; eta(2) = 0.51) and larger increases in the insight component of PM were associated with larger decreases on 6 of 8 symptom scores (F(8,70) = 3.55; P < .005; partial eta(2) = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that although a high PM is not a prerequisite for successful cognitive behavioral therapy, an increase in insight is associated with better outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nyklícek
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic disease (CoRPS), Department of Medical Psychology, Tilburg University, Postbox 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nyklícek I, Poot JC, van Opstal J. Psychological mindedness in relation to personality and coping in a sample of young adult psychiatric patients. J Clin Psychol 2010; 66:34-45. [PMID: 19899141 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Psychological mindedness (PM) is a relevant but rarely studied construct in clinical psychology. The aim was to examine the relationships among PM, personality, and coping in young adults with psychological difficulties. Sixty-three young women and 32 young men who were admitted for intake at a Dutch mental health institute completed relevant questionnaires. PM showed positive associations with the putatively adaptive personality characteristics of extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and a negative correlation with neuroticism. In addition, PM was associated with problem-focused coping independently of the effect of personality characteristics. PM seems to be related to adaptive person characteristics in young adults with psychological difficulties. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the issue of causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nyklícek
- Centre of Research on Psychology in Somatic Disease (CoRPS), Department of Medical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|