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Zahid Z, McMahon L, Lynch M. Neural Activity Across the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Risk for Suicidal Ideation and Self-Injury. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:187-207. [PMID: 32589862 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1779154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the neural correlates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation across the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Two-hundred ninety-six undergraduates solved anagram tasks while being monitored by a functional near-infrared spectroscopy device, and completed a questionnaire assessing behaviors and symptoms. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed location-specific changes in neural activity based on NSSI, suicidal ideation, task type, and cognitive demand. The presence of suicidal ideation was associated with specific patterns of neural activity, modified by sex and task type. Interestingly, participants who engaged in NSSI exhibited some deactivation of the dlPFC when faced with more difficult cognitive challenges. Future research on these processes may allow for noninvasive imaging techniques to help screen risk for suicidality and NSSI.
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2
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Abstract
ABSTRACT There are several predictors of suicidality in patients with panic disorder (PD). Being a woman, younger age, low education level, unmarried status, and symptom severity have been suggested. This study aimed to examine whether early trauma is associated with suicidal ideation in patients with PD. Our study included 267 patients with PD and 105 controls. Data on sociodemographic variables and data from the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised, Coping Scales, and Scale for Suicide Ideation were collected, and correlation and regression analyses were performed. This study suggests that clinicians should consider early trauma when assessing suicidal ideation in patients with PD. Clinicians could consider alternative treatments, such as trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization, reprocessing approaches, and classical pharmacological and psychological treatments for patients with PD who have a history of early trauma and are expected to be at high risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul
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3
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McClelland H, Evans JJ, O'Connor RC. Exploring the role of loneliness in relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviour in the context of the integrated motivational-volitional model. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:309-317. [PMID: 34304034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a worldwide public health concern claiming approximately 800,000 lives around the world every year. The impact of loneliness on mental and physical wellbeing has received increasing attention in recent years, however its role in the emergence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviours is unclear. The current study explored loneliness in relation to other psychological variables associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviour. Data were collected from UK residents (n = 400, aged 18-76 years) via an online survey accessible between September 2018 and April 2019. Univariate multinomial logistic regression analyses identified that loneliness independently distinguished between participants with no history of self-injurious thoughts or behaviours, those with a history of self-injurious thoughts only, and those with a history of self-injurious behaviours. When other key variables were controlled for, loneliness distinguished between controls and those with a self-injurious thoughts or behaviours history. However, loneliness did not distinguish between people with self-injurious thoughts only and those with a history of self-injurious behaviours. To understand how loneliness might contribute towards the emergence of self-injury, analysis exploring the extent to which loneliness moderates established risk factors (e.g., defeat, entrapment) was conducted. The results suggest that loneliness moderates both the relationship between defeat and entrapment, and between entrapment and self-injurious thoughts. Future work exploring these associations prospectively would advance understanding of the role of loneliness in suicide risk and inform the development of clinical and community-based suicide prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather McClelland
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan J Evans
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rory C O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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4
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Aksoy Poyraz C, Özdemir A, Çakir Şen C, Usta Sağlam NG, Enginkaya S, Tomruk N. The Impact of Coping Strategies on Suicide Attempts and Suicidal Ideation in Bipolar Disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:564-570. [PMID: 33867505 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The stress coping strategies of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) may affect their suicide risk. We examined coping behaviors and impact of coping strategies and clinical characteristics on suicide attempts and lifetime suicidal ideation in patients with BD I, compared with a healthy control group. We recruited 185 euthymic patients with BD and 94 healthy controls. Participants completed the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Suicide attempt prevalence in patients with BD was around 34%, and frequency of lifetime suicide ideation was around 60%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed greater use of behavioral disengagement and religious coping strategies among patients with BD, compared with controls. Patients with previous suicide attempts presented a more severe illness course, notably early onset, with more depressive and mixed episodes and a more dysfunctional coping style than nonsuicidal patients. Behavioral interventions can target avoidant coping behavior, such as denial, especially in patients with suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cana Aksoy Poyraz
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Medical School
| | - Armağan Özdemir
- Department of Psychology, Altinbaş University, School of Medicine
| | - Cansu Çakir Şen
- Bakirköy Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Education and Research Hospital
| | - Nazife Gamze Usta Sağlam
- Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Enginkaya
- Bakirköy Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Education and Research Hospital
| | - Nesrin Tomruk
- Bakirköy Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Education and Research Hospital
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5
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Harris K, Haddock G, Peters S, Gooding P. Psychological resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses : A systematic literature review. Psychol Psychother 2020; 93:777-809. [PMID: 31625283 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide deaths are a major concern in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. However, many people with such diagnoses do not attempt suicide, nor die by suicide, suggesting that some individuals are resilient to the impact of suicide triggers. This systematic literature review aimed to (1) appraise the evidence for psychological factors which confer resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and (2) categorize these psychological factors into broader psychological constructs which characterize resilience. METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. A literature search of four electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE) was conducted. A quality evaluation of the included studies was carried out by two independent researchers using a quality assessment tool. RESULTS Psychological factors from 27 studies were categorized into four constructs: (1) perceived social support, (2) holding religious and spiritual beliefs, (3) identifying reasons for living, and (4) perceived positive personal skills and attributes. CONCLUSIONS The limited literature showed that resilience is important in understanding suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. There is a need for prospective research that investigates moderating effects of psychological resilience in the pathways to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. PRACTITIONER POINTS Novel evidence for four psychological constructs which may confer resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. Strong evidence for the impact of perceived social support and appraisals of personal skills and attributes on the severity of suicidal experiences in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. There was equivocal evidence for the effect of holding religious and spiritual beliefs on suicide attempts. Clinical practice would benefit from assessing perceived personal attributes and levels of social support from significant others and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Harris
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK.,Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK
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Schienle A, Schwab D, Höfler C, Freudenthaler HH. Self-Disgust and Its Relationship With Lifetime Suicidal Ideation and Behavior. CRISIS 2020; 41:344-350. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The emotion disgust is typically directed toward stimuli in the external environment, but sometimes people develop self-directed disgust responses. Aims: The current questionnaire study focused on the role of self-disgust in lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior. Method: A total of 1,167 individuals participated in an Internet-based survey containing self-report measures of self-disgust, externally directed disgust proneness, coping styles, diagnoses of mental disorders, and suicide risk. Hierarchical regression analyses as well as mediation analyses were computed. Results: Self-disgust was the most relevant predictor of suicide risk among the assessed variables. Self-disgust was negatively associated with the use of support by others, and positively associated with evasive coping (self-blame, venting, denial), which in turn was positively associated with suicidality. Limitations: This cross-sectional study provided information on the relationship between self-disgust and suicidality in a self-selected sample. Longitudinal studies are warranted. Conclusion: Future studies are required to replicate these findings. Additionally, stronger research designs are needed in order to investigate whether self-disgust should be targeted in suicide prevention programs and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schienle
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carina Höfler
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
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7
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Gysin-Maillart A, Soravia L, Schwab S. Attempted suicide short intervention program influences coping among patients with a history of attempted suicide. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:393-399. [PMID: 31759660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of individual coping strategies for suicidal crises is essential for suicide prevention. However, the influence of a brief intervention and the effect on coping strategies is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program on the development of coping strategies, in comparison to a control group. METHOD In this secondary analysis of a 24-month follow-up randomised controlled study, 120 patients (55% female; mean age of 36) with a history of suicide attempts were randomly allocated to either the ASSIP group or to a control group, in addition to treatment as usual. RESULTS The present study identified 11% less dysfunctional coping in the ASSIP group and 6% more problem-focussed coping compared to the control group after 24-months. The analysis of broader strategies showed a statistically significant group difference regarding self-distraction (after 12-months) and self-blame (after 24-months). In regard to the long-term association between coping strategies and suicidal ideation, active coping and substance use were negatively associated with suicidal ideation in the ASSIP group. Whereas, in the control group, behavioural disengagement and positive reframing were positively and self-distraction was negatively related to suicidal ideation. LIMITATION The receipt of a clinical interview and suicide risk assessment in the control group could have potentially had an effect on participants' coping mechanisms. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ASSIP may have an impact on the development of problem-focussed coping strategies. Although a reduction in dysfunctional coping seems to be essential in overcoming suicidal crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Gysin-Maillart
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland; University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychologie and Medical Sociology, Germany.
| | - Leila Soravia
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Schwab
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lin CY, Harnod T, Lin CL, Kao CH. Suicide Attempt and Suicidal Drug Overdose in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients With or Without Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:270. [PMID: 32351414 PMCID: PMC7174688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine differences in the incidence and risks of suicide attempt (SA) and suicidal drug overdose (SDO) between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with and without comorbid depression by using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. METHODS We analyzed the data of patients aged ≥20 years who had received a COPD diagnosis between 2000 and 2012. These COPD patients were divided into those with and without depression, and they were compared against a cohort from the general population. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals for SA and SDO in the three cohorts after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. RESULTS Until the end of 2012, 5.81% of patients with COPD developed depression. The incidence of SA and SDO in COPD patients with and without depression was 29.7 and 4.69 per 10,000 person-years and 71.2 and 20.9 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. COPD patients with depression had 13.6- and 10.0-fold higher risks of SA and SDO, respectively, than did controls. Particularly, an increased risk of SA caused by the enhancement effects of depression on COPD was noted in patients aged less than 50 years. CONCLUSION SA and SDO risks are extremely high in Taiwanese COPD patients with depression. Our findings suggest that clinicians should be aware that for COPD patients with comorbid depression, prescribing a large amount of medications may be associated with SA risk through SDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Lin
- Stroke Care Center and Department of Neurology, Yumin Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Tomor Harnod
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Ambrus L, Sunnqvist C, Asp M, Westling S, Westrin Å. Coping and suicide risk in high risk psychiatric patients. J Ment Health 2017; 29:27-32. [PMID: 29260914 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: A dysfunctional use of coping strategies has repeatedly been linked to suicidal behaviour in non-psychiatric populations. However, data regarding association between coping strategies and suicidal behaviour in psychiatric populations are limited.Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between self-reported suicide risk, suicidal ideation and coping strategies in three psychiatric cohorts.Method: Three cohorts of psychiatric patients were involved in the study; recent suicide attempters (n = 55), suicide attempters at follow-up 12 years after a suicide attempt (n = 38) and patients with ongoing depression without attempted suicide (n = 72). Patients filled in the self-rating version of The Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS-S) from which items no. 17-20 addressing current suicidal ideation were extracted. To investigate coping strategies, the Coping Orientation of Problem Experience Inventory (COPE) was used.Results: In all cohorts, regression analyses showed that only avoidant coping was significantly correlated with the scores of SUAS-S adjusted for covariates. The items no. 17-20 correlated significantly to avoidant coping but not with other coping strategies in all cohorts.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that among coping strategies only avoidant coping may be associated with suicide risk in psychiatric patients independently of history of attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Ambrus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, and
| | | | - Marie Asp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, and
| | - Sofie Westling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, and
| | - Åsa Westrin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, and
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10
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Hashemi R, Moustafa AA, Rahmati Kankat L, Valikhani A. Mindfulness and Suicide Ideation in Iranian Cardiovascular Patients: Testing the Mediating Role of Patience. Psychol Rep 2017; 121:1037-1052. [DOI: 10.1177/0033294117746990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the mediating role of patience on the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation. To do so, 110 patients with cardiovascular diseases were recruited from the outpatient Clinic of Imam Reza in the city of Shiraz in Iran. These patients completed The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire, Patience Scale, and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and patience ( r = .32, p < .001). There was a significant negative relationship between patience and suicide ideation ( r = −.36, p < .001). The results of mediating model showed that patience functioned as a mediator in the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation among patients with cardiovascular diseases ( β = −.33, p = .005). According to these findings, it can be claimed that mindfulness affects patients’ suicidal thoughts negatively through patience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Marcs Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leila Rahmati Kankat
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran
| | - Ahmad Valikhani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Avci D, Sabanciogullar S, Yilmaz FT. Investigation of the relationship between suicide probability in inpatients and their psychological symptoms and coping strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:345-351. [PMID: 27744464 PMCID: PMC5224433 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2016.4.20150727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between suicide probability and psychological symptoms and coping strategies in hospitalized patients with physical illness. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2014 in Bandirma State Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 470 inpatients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Suicide Probability Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Ways of Coping with Stress Inventory. RESULTS In the study, 74.7% were at moderate risk for suicide, whereas 20.4% were at high risk for suicide. According to the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, sub-dimensions of the Ways of Coping with Stress Inventory and Brief Symptom Inventory were the significant predictors of suicide probability. CONCLUSION The majority of the patients with physical illness were at risk for suicide probability. Individuals who had psychological symptoms and used maladaptive coping ways obtained significantly higher suicide probability scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Avci
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey
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12
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Michalska A, Kopera M, Gmaj B, Łoczewska A, Szejko N, Kisielińska E, Wojnar M. Czynniki ryzyka podejmowania prób samobójczych u osób leczonych stacjonarnie z powodu uzależnienia od alkoholu w Polsce. ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ADDICTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.alkona.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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13
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Gooding P, Tarrier N, Dunn G, Shaw J, Awenat Y, Ulph F, Pratt D. The moderating effects of coping and self-esteem on the relationship between defeat, entrapment and suicidality in a sample of prisoners at high risk of suicide. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:988-94. [PMID: 26497469 PMCID: PMC4682192 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is sparse which examines pathways to suicide, and resilience to suicide, in people who are particularly vulnerable to suicide, for example, prison inmates. The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which perceptions of self-esteem and coping ability interacted with defeat and entrapment to both amplify suicidal thoughts and feelings, and to act as a buffer against suicidal thoughts and feelings. METHODS Participants were 65 male prisoners at high risk of suicide. A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used. Questionnaire measures of depression, defeat, entrapment, self-esteem, coping ability and suicidal probability were administered. RESULTS For the hopelessness component of the suicide probability measure, high levels of coping ability together with low levels of defeat resulted in the lowest levels of suicidality indicative of a resilience factor. In contrast, low levels of coping skills together with high levels of entrapment were a high risk factor for this hopelessness component of suicide. This pattern of results pertained when controlling for depression levels. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine interactions between defeat, entrapment and appraisals of self-esteem and coping ability. Therapeutic interventions would benefit from boosting perceptions and appraisals of coping ability, in particular, in people who are at high risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gooding
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK.
| | - N Tarrier
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - G Dunn
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - J Shaw
- Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Y Awenat
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - F Ulph
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - D Pratt
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK; Manchester Mental Health and Social Care NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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14
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The Relationships Between Functional Limitation, Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Coping in Older Korean Immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2015; 17:1643-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Stratta P, Capanna C, Carmassi C, Patriarca S, Di Emidio G, Riccardi I, Collazzoni A, Dell'Osso L, Rossi A. The adolescent emotional coping after an earthquake: a risk factor for suicidal ideation. J Adolesc 2014; 37:605-11. [PMID: 24931563 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the relationship of suicidal ideation with coping and resilience in a sample of adolescents who survived an earthquake. Three hundred forty-three adolescents who had experienced the L'Aquila earthquake were investigated for a screening distinguishing Suicidal Screen-Negative (SSN) from the Positive (SSP) subjects. Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) and Brief Cope were administered. Emotion-focused coping score was significantly higher in SSP subjects. In the SSN but not in the SSP sample the READ total score correlated with problem-focused total score. A positive correlation was seen between emotion-focused and problem-focused scores in both samples, with a higher coefficient in SSP sample. Externalising problems and maladaptive behaviours can arise in adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Attention should be paid in reducing risk factors and in the development of psychological abilities, improving the coping strategies that can protect from emotional despair and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Stratta
- Mental Health Center, Department of Mental Health, ASL 1, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Capanna
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Patriarca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Emidio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riccardi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Collazzoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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16
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Macaron G, Fahed M, Matar D, Bou-Khalil R, Kazour F, Nehme-Chlela D, Richa S. Anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation in Lebanese patients undergoing hemodialysis. Community Ment Health J 2014; 50:235-8. [PMID: 24337520 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-013-9669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts are highly prevalent comorbidities of end-stage-renal-disease (ESRD). There are no studies in Lebanon on the prevalence of these symptoms in Lebanese end-stage-renal-disease patients. Moreover, the association between ESRD on one hand, and anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation on the other has never been established in Lebanon. Groups of patients at a high-risk of development of these symptoms are not determined. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score and M.I.N.I (module C) were used to measure the prevalence of anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation in 51 patients from the dialysis center of Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital in Lebanon. In our sample, 45% of included patients suffered from symptoms of anxiety and 50% presented symptoms of depression.The prevalence of suicidal ideation as detected by the M.I.N.I. is at 37%. No patients presented with a high risk of suicide. There was a statistically significant correlation between the existence of organic comorbidities and the presence of symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation. As for anxiety, the association was marginally significant. The results obtained by our study are consistent with those found in studies performed in other societies. The profile of depression- and suicidal ideation-prone patients has been determined. It consists of patients with at least one medical comorbidity to the ESRD. This, in turn, should lead to increased awareness and better treatment of these psychiatric ailments, considering their impact on morbidity and mortality in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Macaron
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kim SM, Han DH, Trksak GH, Lee YS. Gender differences in adolescent coping behaviors and suicidal ideation: findings from a sample of 73,238 adolescents. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2014; 27:439-54. [PMID: 24344782 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.876010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide among adolescents is an emerging global public health problem as well as a socioeconomic problem. Stress-coping strategies have been shown to be associated with suicidal ideation. We examined coping behaviors related to suicidal ideation and gender differences in adolescents using the data from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (ages 12-19 years; N = 73,238). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between suicidal ideation and specific coping behaviors while controlling for potentially confounding variables. In both male and female groups, the coping behavior "drinking alcoholic beverages" and "smoking cigarettes" were positively associated with suicidal ideation. "Watching TV," "playing online/mobile games," and "sleeping" were negatively associated with suicidal ideation in both groups. In males, "engaging in sports" was negatively related to suicidal ideation. In females, "venting by talking to others" and "eating" were negatively related to suicidal ideation. The results indicate that there are gender differences in the effects of coping behaviors on adolescent suicidal ideation, and that developing adaptive coping strategies may function to reduce suicidality. Future studies are needed to examine whether improving coping skills can reduce suicidal ideation in a gender-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- a Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine , Chung-Ang University , 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu 156-755 , Seoul , Korea
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18
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Sanna L, Stuart AL, Pasco JA, Kotowicz MA, Berk M, Girardi P, Williams LJ. Suicidal ideation and physical illness: does the link lie with depression? J Affect Disord 2014; 152-154:422-6. [PMID: 24268594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical illness is a risk factor for suicidality; however, disorder-specific risks are not well-known and these relationships are often explained by major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation, MDD and medical illnesses in an age-stratified, population-based sample of men participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. METHODS Suicidal ideation and medical conditions were self-reported. Medical conditions were confirmed by medical records, medication use or clinical data where possible. MDD was determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-patient edition. RESULTS Of the 907 men, 8.5% reported suicidal ideation. Thyroid disorders (OR 3.85, 95%CI 1.2-12.1), syncope and seizures (OR 1.96, 95%CI 1.1-3.5), liver disorders (OR 3.53, 95%CI 1.1-11.8; younger men only) and alcoholism (OR 2.15, 95%CI 1.1-4.4) were associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation, independent of age and MDD. Major vascular events doubled the odds of suicidal ideation but this was explained by MDD. No association was evident with high medical burden, musculoskeletal disease, metabolic factors, gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, cardiovascular disease, COPD, cancer and psoriasis. CONCLUSION Health care professionals should focus on identification, assessment and management of suicidal ideation in the medically ill in patients both with and without MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Sanna
- Unit of Psychiatry, Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs Department (NeSMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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19
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Sunnqvist C, Persson U, Westrin A, Träskman-Bendz L, Lenntorp B. Grasping the dynamics of suicidal behaviour: combining time-geographic life charting and COPE ratings. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2013; 20:336-44. [PMID: 22591326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY • A primary aim of suicide research is to gain a profound knowledge of the suicidal individual so preventive strategy can be formulated. • Time-geographic life charting used in combination with the pattern of coping strategies may be helpful when assessing risk of suicidal behaviour. • It can also be a therapeutic intervention to look back and to reflect coping styles. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to explore whether a time-geographic life charting, combined with a survey of a person's coping capacities over time, elucidates the pathway to suicidal behaviour, and therefore could be useful in suicide prevention. Twenty-three patients were recruited shortly after a suicide attempt. A time-geographic life charting and COPE inventory ratings were used separately and in combination. According to COPE ratings, the participants could be divided into three groups using different coping strategies: (1) adaptive, (2) maladaptive, and (3) both adaptive and maladaptive coping. Within these subgroups, three different pathways to suicidal behaviour were described and illustrated. We conclude that time-geographic life charting used in combination with the pattern of coping strategies may be helpful when assessing risk of suicidal behaviour, because this approach strengthens the comprehensive picture of the patient's life situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sunnqvist
- Senior Lecturer, Faculty for Health and Society/Nursing Sciences, Malmö University, Malmö Research Assistant Associate Professor Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University Hospital, Lund Professor Emeritus, Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Hempstead K, Nguyen T, David-Rus R, Jacquemin B. Health problems and male firearm suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013; 43:1-16. [PMID: 23126468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on constructs of masculinity as it relates to both gun ownership and men's health, we use a rich data set, the New Jersey Violent Death Reporting System as well as hospital discharge data, to analyze 3,413 completed male suicides between the years of 2003 and 2009. We test the hypotheses that the use of firearms is more common when physical health problems are cited as suicide circumstances, and that suicide decedents who use firearms have poorer physical health than those who used other methods. Results show that firearms are disproportionately used in male suicides when physical health is listed as a circumstance. Additionally, among suicide decedents with a hospitalization during the 3 years prior to death, those who used firearms were in poorer health than those who used other methods. These findings have implications for prevention efforts, because restricting access to lethal means is an important aspect of suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hempstead
- Center for State Health Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1913, USA.
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21
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Sunnqvist C, Träskman-Bendz L, Westrin Å. Coping strategies used by suicide attempters and comparison groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpsych.2013.32024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Valenstein H, Cronkite RC, Moos RH, Snipes C, Timko C. Suicidal ideation in adult offspring of depressed and matched control parents: childhood and concurrent predictors. J Ment Health 2012; 21:459-68. [PMID: 22978501 DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2012.694504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation predicts suicide behaviors; however, research is needed on risk factors for suicidal ideation in adults, a common developmental period for first suicide attempts. AIMS To examine childhood and concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation among 340 adult offspring of depressed and matched control parents. METHOD Parents were assessed at baseline, and adult offspring were assessed 23 years later. RESULTS Offspring who reported past-month suicidal ideation (7%) had parents who, 23 years earlier, reported suicidal ideation, psychological inflexibility and use of avoidance coping. Offspring experiencing suicidal ideation were more likely to be unemployed and more depressed, consumed more alcohol and had more drinking problems. They were more anxious and inflexible, had weaker social ties and less cohesive families and had more negative life events and used more avoidance coping. A childhood risk index predicted offspring's suicidal ideation above and beyond concurrent factors. CONCLUSIONS Along with concurrent risk factors, poor parental functioning may confer long-term risk for adult suicidal ideation. Interventions to prevent the transmission of suicidal ideation to offspring should focus on ameliorating parental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Valenstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Webb RT, Kontopantelis E, Doran T, Qin P, Creed F, Kapur N. Risk of self-harm in physically ill patients in UK primary care. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:92-7. [PMID: 22789410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine self-harm risk across the adult age range in patients diagnosed with various physical illnesses using the General Practice Research Database - a broadly representative sample of all people registered with a family practice in the United Kingdom. METHODS We conducted a large nested case-control study sampled from the whole primary care cohort. During 2001-2008 we studied 2306 cases of self-harm and 46,120 age and gender-matched controls without such an episode recorded. Relative risks were estimated against reference patients with none of the examined physical illnesses. Additionally, we assessed confounding by recorded depression, effect modification by gender and multi-morbidity effects. RESULTS Risk was significantly elevated in relation to any of the physical illnesses (male OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18-1.54; female OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.40-1.86). For both genders combined, risk was raised with each specific illness. Effects sizes were consistently larger in women. Adjustment for recorded depression explained much of the elevated risk, but not so in women with asthma, back pain, diabetes, epilepsy or hypertension. Raised risk was seen in younger adults and during middle age, but not among older people. There was a dose-response relationship with increasing number of physical illnesses, and in women this was independent of depression. CONCLUSION Heightened risk was seen with a variety of physical illnesses. The findings indicate a need for tackling psychological distress and reducing self-harm risk in physically ill patients who attend primary healthcare services for non-psychiatric reasons, particularly so for women and younger and middle aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger T Webb
- Centre for Suicide Prevention, Centre for Mental Health and Risk, University of Manchester, England, United Kingdom.
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE : Cancer patients are at heightened risk of suicide. Clinical correlates of suicidal ideation in advanced cancer patients were examined to identify those at risk and to inform the development of interventions to reduce suicidal ideation in this vulnerable group. METHODS : Coping with Cancer (CwC) is an NCI- and NIMH-funded multiinstitutional investigation examining psychosocial influences on the quality of life and care of advanced cancer patients. Baseline face-to-face interviews that assessed mental and physical functioning, coping, spirituality, and use of mental health services were conducted with 700 advanced cancer patients. RESULTS : Compared with patients without suicidal ideation, the 8.9% of patients who reported suicidal thoughts were more likely to be white and report no affiliation with an organized religion (p < 0.05). Adjusted analyses revealed that cancer patients who met criteria for current panic disorder (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.24 [1.01-10.4]) and posttraumatic stress disorder (3.97 [1.13-14.1]), who accessed mental health services (3.70 [2.07-6.67]), particularly psychotherapy (2.62 [1.20-5.71]), who were not feeling well physically, and who lacked a sense of self-efficacy, spirituality, and being supported were more likely than others to report thoughts of suicide (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS : Advanced cancer patients who report suicidal thoughts are more likely to meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder, feel unsupported, lack a religious affiliation, spirituality, and a sense of self-efficacy, and experience more physical distress. Palliative care interventions that promote a sense of self-efficacy, spirituality, and support while minimizing physical distress may offer promise for reducing suicidal thoughts in this at-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Spencer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alaka Ray
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - William F. Pirl
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Holly G. Prigerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Center for Psycho-Oncology and Palliative Care Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115
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25
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Effects of stress and coping on binge eating in female college students. Eat Behav 2011; 12:188-91. [PMID: 21741016 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Limited research exists on the association between stress, coping, and binge eating. To address this paucity, this study explores these associations in a sample of 147 female college students, an at-risk population for binge eating. We hypothesized that emotional and avoidant coping would be positively associated with stress and binge eating. Conversely, we expected that rational and detached coping would be negatively related to stress and binge eating. Furthermore, we expected these coping styles to mediate the relationship between stress and binge eating. As predicted, emotion-focused and avoidant coping were positively associated with stress and binge eating. Additionally, emotion-focused coping partially mediated the relationship between stress and binge eating. However, no association was found between stress, rational or detached coping, and binge eating. These results are discussed within the context of a negative reinforcement model of binge eating. Lastly, the importance of providing evidence-based treatment for individuals with binge eating symptomology is discussed in light of our findings.
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26
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Gonzales R, Ang A, Glik DC, Rawson RA, Lee S, Iguchi MY. Quality of life among treatment seeking methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Am J Addict 2011; 20:366-72. [PMID: 21679268 PMCID: PMC4026308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of men and women entering treatment for substance use disorders continues to increase across the country, it becomes vitally important to understand their quality of life (QOL) or perceived health status, in order to inform treatment efforts for improving such outcomes. To date, QOL assessments among methamphetamine (MA) dependent users are limited. This paper examines QOL health status among a sample of 838 treatment seeking MA users at admission. Using regression analysis, predictors of QOL are examined among MA users. Predictors of poor QOL among MA users at treatment admission included being female, white, high school educated or more, married, experiencing psychosocial dysfunction (lifetime trauma, suicide, social conflict), reporting a high frequency of both MA and polydrugs for 15 days or more in the past month, chronicity of MA and polydrug use, injection use, and having co-morbid medical and psychiatric impairment. Employment status was the only factor related to better health status perceptions. This study expands the scope of scholarly examination of MA-dependent users entering treatment, as there has not been a development of coherent profiles of QOL among representative samples of clinical MA-abusing populations to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gonzales
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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27
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Pietrzak RH, Russo AR, Ling Q, Southwick SM. Suicidal ideation in treatment-seeking Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: the role of coping strategies, resilience, and social support. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:720-6. [PMID: 21185033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiologic studies have found an increased risk of suicide among Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF-OIF) with psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about whether variables other than psychiatric conditions, such as coping strategies, resilience, and social support, may be related to suicidality in this population. METHODS A total of 167 OEF-OIF Veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a survey containing measures of combat exposure, psychopathology, pain, psychological resilience, social support, and cognitive coping strategies. RESULTS Thirty-six respondents (21.6%) reported contemplating suicide in the two weeks prior to completing the survey. Compared to suicide non-contemplators, suicide contemplators were older, and more likely to screen positive for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to report a deployment-related pain condition or complaint. They also scored higher on measures of worry, self-punishment, and cognitive-behavioral avoidance strategies, and lower on measures of psychological resilience and postdeployment social support. Multivariate analysis revealed that a positive depression screen, and higher scores on measures of self-punishment and cognitive-social avoidance coping were positively associated with suicidal ideation, while higher scores on measures of psychological resilience (i.e., positive acceptance of change) were negatively related to suicidal ideation. Moderator analysis revealed that a positive screen for depression or PTSD significantly diminished the protective effect of postdeployment social support on suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS 1 in 5 treatment-seeking OEF-OIF Veterans may contemplate suicide. Interventions to reduce depressive symptoms, and maladaptive cognitive-behavioral coping strategies of self-punishment and cognitive social avoidance, and to bolster psychological resilience may help mitigate suicidality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Resilience Laboratory, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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28
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Abstract
To understand psychometric characteristics of Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) and different characteristics of suicides between high and low intent in Chinese culture. Data of 386 suicides and 416 living controls aged 15-34 years were used to analyze psychometric characteristics of SIS with 6 items. SIS with 6 items had high reliability and validity. Different characteristics were found between suicides with high intent and low intent. Hopelessness, depression, impulsivity, and approach coping skill were common factors of suicide with high and low intent. Education years, marriage, social support, and mental disorders were specific factors of suicide with low intent. High intent suicides had different characteristics from low intent suicides. SIS with 6 items is suitable for use in young rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, China
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29
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Horwitz AG, Hill RM, King CA. Specific coping behaviors in relation to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation. J Adolesc 2010; 34:1077-85. [PMID: 21074841 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress may have implications for the development of depression and suicidal ideation. This study examined coping categories and specific coping behaviors used by adolescents to assess the relation of coping to depression and suicidal ideation. In hierarchical regression models, the specific coping behaviors of behavioral disengagement and self-blame were predictive of higher levels of depression; depression and using emotional support were predictive of suicidal ideation. Results suggest that specific behaviors within the broad coping categories of emotion-focused coping (e.g., self-blame) and avoidant coping (e.g., behavioral disengagement) account for these categories' associations with depression and suicidal ideation. Specific problem-focused coping strategies did not independently predict lower levels of depression or suicidal ideation. It may be beneficial for interventions to focus on eliminating maladaptive coping behaviors in addition to introducing or enhancing positive coping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Horwitz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, USA.
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30
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Huprich SK, Wei Cheng Hsiao, Porcerelli JH, Bornstein RF, Markova T. Expanding the Construct Validity of the Relationship Profile Test: Associations With Physical Health and Anaclitic and Introjective Traits. Assessment 2009; 17:81-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191109340383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the construct validity of the Relationship Profile Test (RPT) with respect to measures of two related constructs—physical health and well-being (functional health status), and depression-linked personality type (anaclitic vs. introjective). In Study 1, the authors administered the RPT, Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (MOS SF-20) to 116 undergraduate students. In Study 2, the RPT, DEQ, and MOS SF-20 were administered to 110, mostly African American female, primary care outpatients. Destructive Overdependence was positively correlated with anaclitic and introjective trait scores in both samples. Dysfunctional Detachment was positively correlated with introjective scores in both samples and with anaclitic scores in the primary care sample. Healthy Dependency was negatively correlated with introjective scores in both samples and with anaclitic scores in the primary care sample. These studies support the construct validity of the RPT in ethnically diverse nonclinical and clinical samples, and extend previous findings documenting links between RPT subscale scores and scores on measures of other theoretically related constructs.
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Cukrowicz KC, Ekblad AG, Cheavens JS, Rosenthal MZ, Lynch TR. Coping and thought suppression as predictors of suicidal ideation in depressed older adults with personality disorders. Aging Ment Health 2008; 12:149-57. [PMID: 18297490 DOI: 10.1080/13607860801936714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Suicide rates are higher among older adults than any other age group and suicidal ideation is one of the best predictors of completed suicide in older adults. Despite this, few studies have evaluated predictors of suicidal ideation and other correlates of death by suicide (e.g. hopelessness) among older adults. Even fewer studies on this topic have been conducted among samples characterized as poor responders to treatments (e.g. depressed individuals with co-occurring personality disorder). The purpose of this study was to examine coping styles and thought suppression as predictors of a suicide risk composite score in a sample of depressed older adults with co-occurring personality disorders. Based on the extant literature, it was hypothesized that maladaptive coping (i.e. emotional and avoidance coping) and chronic thought suppression would significantly predict suicide risk. The results of this study indicated that elevated emotional coping and thought suppression were associated with increased suicide risk. Contrary to hypotheses, lower avoidance coping was associated with increased risk, although this finding is moderated by Axis II diagnosis Thus, treatments that focus on decreasing emotional coping and chronic thought suppression may result in decreased suicidal ideation and hopelessness for older adults with depression and Axis II pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Cukrowicz
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, TX 79409-2051, US.
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