1
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Shulman Y, Finkelstein L, Levi Y, Kovalchuk D, Weksler A, Reichstein A, Kigel-Tsur K, Davidi M, Levi I, Schauder A, Rubin K, Achituv E, Castel D, Meilin S. A Novel Sensory Wave (P25) in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Murine Model. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:73-87. [PMID: 37524220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a murine model for multiple sclerosis. This model is characterized by chronic and progressive demyelination, leading to impairment of motor function and paralysis. While the outcomes of the disease, including impaired motor function and immunological changes, are well-characterized, little is known about the impact of EAE on the electrophysiology of the motor and sensory systems. In this study, we assessed evoked potentials as a quantitative marker for in vivo monitoring of nervous system damage. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were first standardized in naïve C57BL mice and studied thoroughly in EAE mice. The duration of MEPs and the number of connotative potentials increased significantly alongside an increase in temporal SEP amplitudes. Moreover, a new SEP wave was identified in naïve animals, which significantly increased in MOG-induced EAE animals with no or mild symptoms (clinical score 0-2, 0-5 scale). This wave occurred ∼25 milliseconds poststimulation, thus named p25. P25 was correlated with increased vocalization and was also reduced in amplitude following treatment with morphine. As the EAE score progressed (clinical score 3-4, 0-5 scale), the amplitude of MEPs and SEPs decreased drastically. Our results demonstrate that desynchronized neural motor activity, along with hypersensitivity in the early stages of EAE, leads to a complete loss of motor and sensory functions in the late stages of the disease. The findings also suggest an increase in p25 amplitude before motor deficits appear, indicating SEP as a predictive marker for disease progression. PERSPECTIVE: This article assesses p25, a new sensory electrophysiology wave that correlates with pain-related behavior in MOG-induced EAE mice and appears prior to the clinical symptoms. Motor electrophysiology correlates with traditional motor behavior scoring and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Shulman
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lena Finkelstein
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yakir Levi
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ayelet Weksler
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Keren Kigel-Tsur
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mazal Davidi
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Isaac Levi
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avital Schauder
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Rubin
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elhanan Achituv
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Castel
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel; The Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Meilin
- Neurology Division, MD Biosciences Innovalora, Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Yousuf MS, Sahn JJ, Yang H, David ET, Shiers S, Mancilla Moreno M, Iketem J, Royer DM, Garcia CD, Zhang J, Hong VM, Mian SM, Ahmad A, Kolber BJ, Liebl DJ, Martin SF, Price TJ. Highly specific σ 2R/TMEM97 ligand FEM-1689 alleviates neuropathic pain and inhibits the integrated stress response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306090120. [PMID: 38117854 PMCID: PMC10756276 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago, but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). We and others have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity in mouse neuropathic pain models with a time course wherein maximal antinociceptive effect is approximately 24 h following dosing. We sought to understand this unique antineuropathic pain effect by addressing two key questions: do these σ2R/TMEM97 compounds act selectively via the receptor, and what is their downstream mechanism on nociceptive neurons? Using male and female conventional knockout mice for Tmem97, we find that a σ2R/TMEM97 binding compound, FEM-1689, requires the presence of the gene to produce antinociception in the spared nerve injury model in mice. Using primary mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, we demonstrate that FEM-1689 inhibits the integrated stress response (ISR) and promotes neurite outgrowth via a σ2R/TMEM97-specific action. We extend the clinical translational value of these findings by showing that FEM-1689 reduces ISR and p-eIF2α levels in human sensory neurons and that it alleviates the pathogenic engagement of ISR by methylglyoxal. We also demonstrate that σ2R/TMEM97 is expressed in human nociceptors and satellite glial cells. These results validate σ2R/TMEM97 as a promising target for further development for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
| | - James J. Sahn
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Marisol Mancilla Moreno
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Jonathan Iketem
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Danielle M. Royer
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Chelsea D. Garcia
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Veronica M. Hong
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Subhaan M. Mian
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Daniel J. Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
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3
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Yousuf MS, Sahn JJ, Yang H, David ET, Shiers S, Moreno MM, Iketem J, Royer DM, Garcia CD, Zhang J, Hong VM, Mian SM, Ahmad A, Kolber BJ, Liebl DJ, Martin SF, Price TJ. Highly specific σ 2R/TMEM97 ligand alleviates neuropathic pain and inhibits the integrated stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536439. [PMID: 37090527 PMCID: PMC10120691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago, but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). We and others have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity in mouse neuropathic pain models with a time course wherein maximal anti-nociceptive effect is approximately 24 hours following dosing. We sought to understand this unique anti-neuropathic pain effect by addressing two key questions: do these σ2R/TMEM97 compounds act selectively via the receptor, and what is their downstream mechanism on nociceptive neurons? Using male and female conventional knockout (KO) mice for Tmem97, we find that a new σ2R/TMEM97 binding compound, FEM-1689, requires the presence of the gene to produce anti-nociception in the spared nerve injury model in mice. Using primary mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we demonstrate that FEM-1689 inhibits the integrated stress response (ISR) and promotes neurite outgrowth via a σ2R/TMEM97-specific action. We extend the clinical translational value of these findings by showing that FEM-1689 reduces ISR and p-eIF2α levels in human sensory neurons and that it alleviates the pathogenic engagement of ISR by methylglyoxal. We also demonstrate that σ2R/TMEM97 is expressed in human nociceptors and satellite glial cells. These results validate σ2R/TMEM97 as a promising target for further development for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Marisol Mancilla Moreno
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Jonathan Iketem
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Danielle M. Royer
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Chelsea D. Garcia
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Veronica M. Hong
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Subhaan M. Mian
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | | | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
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4
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Smith PA. Neuropathic pain; what we know and what we should do about it. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1220034. [PMID: 37810432 PMCID: PMC10559888 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can result from injury to, or disease of the nervous system. It is notoriously difficult to treat. Peripheral nerve injury promotes Schwann cell activation and invasion of immunocompetent cells into the site of injury, spinal cord and higher sensory structures such as thalamus and cingulate and sensory cortices. Various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, monoamines and neuropeptides effect two-way signalling between neurons, glia and immune cells. This promotes sustained hyperexcitability and spontaneous activity in primary afferents that is crucial for onset and persistence of pain as well as misprocessing of sensory information in the spinal cord and supraspinal structures. Much of the current understanding of pain aetiology and identification of drug targets derives from studies of the consequences of peripheral nerve injury in rodent models. Although a vast amount of information has been forthcoming, the translation of this information into the clinical arena has been minimal. Few, if any, major therapeutic approaches have appeared since the mid 1990's. This may reflect failure to recognise differences in pain processing in males vs. females, differences in cellular responses to different types of injury and differences in pain processing in humans vs. animals. Basic science and clinical approaches which seek to bridge this knowledge gap include better assessment of pain in animal models, use of pain models which better emulate human disease, and stratification of human pain phenotypes according to quantitative assessment of signs and symptoms of disease. This can lead to more personalized and effective treatments for individual patients. Significance statement: There is an urgent need to find new treatments for neuropathic pain. Although classical animal models have revealed essential features of pain aetiology such as peripheral and central sensitization and some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved, they do not adequately model the multiplicity of disease states or injuries that may bring forth neuropathic pain in the clinic. This review seeks to integrate information from the multiplicity of disciplines that seek to understand neuropathic pain; including immunology, cell biology, electrophysiology and biophysics, anatomy, cell biology, neurology, molecular biology, pharmacology and behavioral science. Beyond this, it underlines ongoing refinements in basic science and clinical practice that will engender improved approaches to pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Basu P, Maier C, Averitt DL, Basu A. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and peripheral neuropathic pain - Emphasis on microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175901. [PMID: 37451423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by the lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and can be initiated and/or maintained by both central and peripheral mechanisms. Nerve injury leads to neuronal damage and apoptosis associated with the release of an array of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns to activate inflammasomes. The activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to neuropathic pain and may represent a novel target for pain therapeutic development. In the current review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the recent findings on the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in modulating neuropathic pain development and maintenance, focusing on peripheral neuropathic conditions. Here we provide a detailed review of the mechanisms whereby NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to neuropathic pain via (1) neuroinflammation, (2) apoptosis, (3) pyroptosis, (4) proinflammatory cytokine release, (5) mitochondrial dysfunction, and (6) oxidative stress. We then present the current research literature reporting on the antinociceptive effects of several natural products and pharmacological interventions that target activation, expression, and/or regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we emphasize the effects of microRNAs as another regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, we summarize the possible caveats and future perspectives that might provide successful therapeutic approaches against NLRP3 inflammasome for treating or preventing neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, The Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Camelia Maier
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Dayna L Averitt
- Division of Biology, School of the Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, 76204-5799, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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6
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Chen C, Smith MT. The NLRP3 inflammasome: role in the pathobiology of chronic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01235-8. [PMID: 37106238 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is not only one of the most common health problems, it is often challenging to treat adequately. Chronic pain has a high prevalence globally, affecting approximately 20% of the adult population. Chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic (nerve) pain conditions are areas of large unmet medical need because analgesic/adjuvant agents recommended for alleviation of these types of chronic pain often lack efficacy and/or they produce dose-limiting side effects. Recent work has implicated the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome in the pathobiology of chronic pain, especially neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions. NLRP3 is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This in turn leads to recruitment and activation of caspase-1 an enzyme that cleaves the inactive IL-1β and IL-18 precursors to their respective mature pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) for release into the cellular milieu. Caspase-1 also cleaves the pyroptosis-inducing factor, gasdermin D, that leads to oligomerization of its N-terminal fragment to form pores in the host cell membrane. This then results in cellular swelling, lysis and release of cytoplasmic contents in an inflammatory form of cell death, termed pyroptosis. The ultimate outcome may lead to the development of neuropathic pain and/or chronic inflammatory pain. In this review, we address a role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of various chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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7
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Maguire AD, Friedman TN, Villarreal Andrade DN, Haq F, Dunn J, Pfeifle K, Tenorio G, Buro K, Plemel JR, Kerr BJ. Sex differences in the inflammatory response of the mouse DRG and its connection to pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20995. [PMID: 36470947 PMCID: PMC9722825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with notable sex differences. Women are not only more likely to develop MS but are also more likely than men to experience neuropathic pain in the disease. It has been postulated that neuropathic pain in MS can originate in the peripheral nervous system at the level of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which houses primary pain sensing neurons (nociceptors). These nociceptors become hyperexcitable in response to inflammation, leading to peripheral sensitization and eventually central sensitization, which maintains pain long-term. The mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a good model for human MS as it replicates classic MS symptoms including pain. Using EAE mice as well as naïve primary mouse DRG neurons cultured in vitro, we sought to characterize sex differences, specifically in peripheral sensory neurons. We found sex differences in the inflammatory profile of the EAE DRG, and in the TNFα downstream signaling pathways activated intracellularly in cultured nociceptors. We also found increased cell death with TNFα treatment. Given that TNFα signaling has been shown to initiate intrinsic apoptosis through mitochondrial disruption, this led us to investigate sex differences in the mitochondria's response to TNFα. Our results demonstrate that male sensory neurons are more sensitive to mitochondrial stress, making them prone to neuronal injury. In contrast, female sensory neurons appear to be more resistant to mitochondrial stress and exhibit an inflammatory and regenerative phenotype that may underlie greater nociceptor hyperexcitability and pain. Understanding these sex differences at the level of the primary sensory neuron is an important first step in our eventual goal of developing sex-specific treatments to halt pain development in the periphery before central sensitization is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn D. Maguire
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Timothy N. Friedman
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Dania N. Villarreal Andrade
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Fajr Haq
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Clinical Sciences Building, 2-150, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Jacob Dunn
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Keiana Pfeifle
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Gustavo Tenorio
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Clinical Sciences Building, 2-150, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Karen Buro
- grid.418296.00000 0004 0398 5853Department of Mathematics and Statistics, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 2P2 Canada
| | - Jason R. Plemel
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Bradley J. Kerr
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H7 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Clinical Sciences Building, 2-150, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
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8
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Li ZQ, Li TX, Tian M, Ren ZS, Yuan CY, Yang RK, Shi SJ, Li H, Kou ZZ. Glial cells and neurologic autoimmune disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1028653. [PMID: 36385950 PMCID: PMC9644207 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1028653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic autoimmune disorders affect people's physical and mental health seriously. Glial cells, as an important part of the nervous system, play a vital role in the occurrence of neurologic autoimmune disorders. Glial cells can be hyperactivated in the presence of autoantibodies or pathological changes, to influence neurologic autoimmune disorders. This review is mainly focused on the roles of glial cells in neurologic autoimmune disorders and the influence of autoantibodies produced by autoimmune disorders on glial cells. We speculate that the possibility of glial cells might be a novel way for the investigation and therapy of neurologic autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Kou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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9
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Saez-Calveras N, Brewster AL, Stuve O. The validity of animal models to explore the pathogenic role of the complement system in multiple sclerosis: A review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017484. [PMID: 36311030 PMCID: PMC9606595 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been extensively used to characterize the disease mechanisms in MS, as well as to identify potential pharmacologic targets for this condition. In recent years, the immune complement system has gained increased attention as an important effector in the pathogenesis of MS. Evidence from histological, serum, and CSF studies of patients supports an involvement of complement in both relapsing-remitting and progressive MS. In this review, we discuss the history and advances made on the use of MS animal models to profile the effects of the complement system in this condition. The first studies that explored the complement system in the context of MS used cobra venom factor (CVF) as a complement depleting agent in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) Lewis rats. Since then, multiple mice and rat models of MS have revealed a role of C3 and the alternative complement cascade in the opsonization and phagocytosis of myelin by microglia and myeloid cells. Studies using viral vectors, genetic knockouts and pharmacologic complement inhibitors have also shown an effect of complement in synaptic loss. Antibody-mediated EAE models have revealed an involvement of the C1 complex and the classical complement as an effector of the humoral response in this disease. C1q itself may also be involved in modulating microglia activation and oligodendrocyte differentiation in these animals. In addition, animal and in vitro models have revealed that multiple complement factors may act as modulators of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, evidence gathered from mice models suggests that the membrane attack complex (MAC) may even exert protective roles in the chronic stages of EAE. Overall, this review summarizes the importance of MS animal models to better characterize the role of the complement system and guide future therapeutic approaches in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Saez-Calveras
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Neurology Section, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Amy L. Brewster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Olaf Stuve,
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10
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Peres DS, Rodrigues P, Viero FT, Frare JM, Kudsi SQ, Meira GM, Trevisan G. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in the different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis and associations with disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 24:100484. [PMID: 35856061 PMCID: PMC9287158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative and autoimmune disease. Motor, sensory and cognitive deficits in MS are commonly accompanied by psychiatric disorders. Depression and anxiety affect the quality of life of MS patients, and the treatment is still not well-established. Prevalence rates in MS patients for depression and anxiety vary widely between studies. However, the prevalence of these psychiatric disorders in the subgroups of MS patients and their association with a disability has not been studied yet. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis proposes to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in MS and to perform subgroup analyses (study type, Extended Disability Status Scale/EDSS, duration of MS, region, type of MS) on observational studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (4202125033). A computerized search on PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus for studies on depression and anxiety in MS was performed from 2015 to 2021, and 12 articles were included. Most of the studies in the meta-analysis had a low risk of bias. The prevalence of depression was 27.01% (MS), 15.78% (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis/RRMS), and 19.13% (progressive multiple sclerosis/PMS). For anxiety the prevalence was 35.19% (MS), 21.40% (RRMS), and 24.07% (PMS). The prevalence of depression/anxiety for patients with EDSS <3 was 26.69/45.56% and for EDSS >3 was 22.96/26.70%. Using HADS-A (8) the prevalence was 38.5% and for depression was 22.4%. Then, our study brought together current data regarding psychiatric disorders in MS patients, which are comorbidities that affect the quality of life of these patients. Prevalence of depression/anxiety for the MS patients was 27.01%/35.19%. Prevalence of depression was 15.78% (RRMS) and 19.13% (PMS). Prevalence of anxiety was 21.40% (RRMS) and 24.07% (PMS). Prevalence of depression/anxiety for the patients with EDSS <3 was 26.69/45.56% and for EDSS >3 was 22.96/26.70%. Prevalence of anxiety using HADS-A (8) was 38.5% and for depression was 22.4%.
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11
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Boakye PA, Tang SJ, Smith PA. Mediators of Neuropathic Pain; Focus on Spinal Microglia, CSF-1, BDNF, CCL21, TNF-α, Wnt Ligands, and Interleukin 1β. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:698157. [PMID: 35295524 PMCID: PMC8915739 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.698157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intractable neuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of nerve injury or disease. When peripheral nerves are injured, damaged axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Schwann cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and epithelial cells are activated leading to the generation of an “inflammatory soup” containing cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. These primary mediators sensitize sensory nerve endings, attract macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function in primary afferent neurons. This leads to increased excitability and spontaneous activity and the generation of secondary mediators including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), chemokine C-C motif ligand 21 (CCL-21), Wnt3a, and Wnt5a. Release of these mediators from primary afferent neurons alters the properties of spinal microglial cells causing them to release tertiary mediators, in many situations via ATP-dependent mechanisms. Tertiary mediators such as BDNF, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and other Wnt ligands facilitate the generation and transmission of nociceptive information by increasing excitatory glutamatergic transmission and attenuating inhibitory GABA and glycinergic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. This review focusses on activation of microglia by secondary mediators, release of tertiary mediators from microglia and a description of their actions in the spinal dorsal horn. Attention is drawn to the substantial differences in the precise roles of various mediators in males compared to females. At least 25 different mediators have been identified but the similarity of their actions at sensory nerve endings, in the dorsal root ganglia and in the spinal cord means there is considerable redundancy in the available mechanisms. Despite this, behavioral studies show that interruption of the actions of any single mediator can relieve signs of pain in experimental animals. We draw attention this paradox. It is difficult to explain how inactivation of one mediator can relieve pain when so many parallel pathways are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Boakye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Peter A Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Deng PY, Avraham O, Cavalli V, Klyachko VA. Hyperexcitability of Sensory Neurons in Fragile X Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:796053. [PMID: 35002623 PMCID: PMC8727524 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.796053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hypersensitivity and somatosensory deficits represent the core symptoms of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). These alterations are believed to arise from changes in cortical sensory processing, while potential deficits in the function of peripheral sensory neurons residing in dorsal root ganglia remain unexplored. We found that peripheral sensory neurons exhibit pronounced hyperexcitability in Fmr1 KO mice, manifested by markedly increased action potential (AP) firing rate and decreased threshold. Unlike excitability changes found in many central neurons, no significant changes were observed in AP rising and falling time, peak potential, amplitude, or duration. Sensory neuron hyperexcitability was caused primarily by increased input resistance, without changes in cell capacitance or resting membrane potential. Analyses of the underlying mechanisms revealed reduced activity of HCN channels and reduced expression of HCN1 and HCN4 in Fmr1 KO compared to WT. A selective HCN channel blocker abolished differences in all measures of sensory neuron excitability between WT and Fmr1 KO neurons. These results reveal a hyperexcitable state of peripheral sensory neurons in Fmr1 KO mice caused by dysfunction of HCN channels. In addition to the intrinsic neuronal dysfunction, the accompanying paper examines deficits in sensory neuron association/communication with their enveloping satellite glial cells, suggesting contributions from both neuronal intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to sensory dysfunction in the FXS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Yue Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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13
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Translocator Protein Ligand PIGA1138 Reduces Disease Symptoms and Severity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1744-1765. [PMID: 35018577 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by CNS infiltration of peripheral immune cells, immune-mediated attack of the myelin sheath, neuroinflammation, and/or axonal/neuronal dysfunctions. Some drugs are available to cope with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) but there is no therapy for the primary progressive MS (PPMS). Because growing evidence supports a regulatory role of the translocator protein (TSPO) in neuroinflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative processes, we investigated the therapeutic potential of phenylindolyilglyoxylamydes (PIGAs) TSPO ligands in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice mimicking the human PPMS. MOG-EAE C57Bl/6-mice were treated by TSPO ligands PIGA839, PIGA1138, or the vehicle. Several methods were combined to evaluate PIGAs-TSPO ligand effects on MOG-EAE symptoms, CNS infiltration by immune cells, demyelination, and axonal damages. PIGA1138 (15 mg/kg) drastically reduced MOG-EAE mice clinical scores, ameliorated motor dysfunctions assessed with the Catwalk device, and counteracted MOG-EAE-induced demyelination by preserving Myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the CNS. Furthermore, PIGA1138-treatment prevented EAE-evoked decreased neurofilament-200 expression in spinal and cerebellar axons. Moreover, PIGA1138 inhibited peripheral immune-CD45 + cell infiltration in the CNS, suggesting that it may control inflammatory mechanisms involved in PPMS. Concordantly, PIGA1138 enhanced anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 serum level in MOG-EAE mice. PIGA1138-treatment, which increased neurosteroid allopregnanolone production, ameliorated all pathological biomarkers, while PIGA839, unable to activate neurosteroidogenesis in vivo, exerted only moderate/partial effects in MOG-EAE mice. Altogether, our results suggest that PIGA1138-based treatment may represent an interesting possibility to be explored for the innovation of effective therapies against PPMS.
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14
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Wang XX, Cui LL, Gan SF, Zhang ZR, Xiao J, Li CH, Luo F. Inhibition of Oligodendrocyte Apoptosis in the Prelimbic Medial Prefrontal Cortex Prevents Fentanyl-induced Hyperalgesia in Rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1035-1050. [PMID: 35021116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a problem associated with prolonged use of opioids in chronic pain management, and its effective treatment has been hampered by lack of mechanistic evidence. Oligodendrocytes have recently been linked with several pain-related diseases; however, little is known its role in OIH. The prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PL-mPFC) has emerged as a significant center of pain regulation, and is rich in oligodendrocytes. Herein we explored the effect of oligodendrocyte apoptosis of PL-mPFC on OIH. Using a fentanyl-induced rat model of OIH and proteomics analysis of the PL-mPFC, we observed a downregulation in 5 types of myelin-related proteins originating from oligodendrocytes; this was further verified by western blotting. Meanwhile, cleaved-caspase 3 (an apoptosis marker) was increased, whereas the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) marker NG2 remained unchanged. These results suggest that downregulated myelin-related proteins may be associated with oligodendrocyte apoptosis rather than a reduction in their generating source, and immunohistochemistry confirmed this hypothesis. Behaviorally, prophylactic blockade of oligodendrocyte apoptosis by microinjection of z-DEVD-fmk into the PL-mPFC prevented fentanyl-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, but downregulated myelin basic protein (mbp) gradually recovered in 12 h. We suggest that OIH may be primed in part via oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the PL-mPFC. PERSPECTIVE: In this study we showed that oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the PL-mPFC is a key trigger for fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia. Targeting oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the PL-mPFC may prevented hyperalgesia priming induced by fentanyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling-Ling Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si-Fei Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Ru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen-Hong Li
- The Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Mirabelli E, Elkabes S. Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models: Focus on Mechanisms, Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions. Front Neurol 2022; 12:793745. [PMID: 34975739 PMCID: PMC8716468 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted, complex and chronic neurological disease that leads to motor, sensory and cognitive deficits. MS symptoms are unpredictable and exceedingly variable. Pain is a frequent symptom of MS and manifests as nociceptive or neuropathic pain, even at early disease stages. Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating symptoms that reduces quality of life and interferes with daily activities, particularly because conventional pharmacotherapies do not adequately alleviate neuropathic pain. Despite advances, the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in MS remain elusive. The majority of the studies investigating the pathophysiology of MS-associated neuropathic pain have been performed in animal models that replicate some of the clinical and neuropathological features of MS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is one of the best-characterized and most commonly used animal models of MS. As in the case of individuals with MS, rodents affected by EAE manifest increased sensitivity to pain which can be assessed by well-established assays. Investigations on EAE provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, additional investigations are warranted to better understand the events that lead to the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain in order to identify targets that can facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic interventions. The goal of the present review is to provide an overview of several mechanisms implicated in neuropathic pain in EAE by summarizing published reports. We discuss current knowledge gaps and future research directions, especially based on information obtained by use of other animal models of neuropathic pain such as nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Mirabelli
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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16
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Green-Fulgham SM, Ball JB, Maier SF, Rice KC, Watkins LR, Grace PM. Suppression of active phase voluntary wheel running in male rats by unilateral chronic constriction injury: Enduring therapeutic effects of a brief treatment of morphine combined with TLR4 or P2X7 antagonists. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:265-277. [PMID: 32533604 PMCID: PMC8377614 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present series of studies examine the impact of systemically administered therapeutics on peripheral nerve injury (males; unilateral sciatic chronic constriction injury [CCI])-induced suppression of voluntary wheel running, across weeks after dosing cessation. Following CCI, active phase running distance and speed are suppressed throughout the 7-week observation period. A brief course of morphine, however, increased active phase running distance and speed throughout this same period, an effect apparent only in sham rats. For CCI rats, systemic co-administration of morphine with antagonists of either P2X7 (A438079) or TLR4 ((+)-naloxone) (receptors critical to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and consequent inflammatory cascades) returned running behavior of CCI rats to that of shams through 5+ weeks after dosing ceased. This is a striking difference in effect compared to our prior CCI allodynia results using systemic morphine plus intrathecal delivery of these same antagonists, wherein a sustained albeit partial suppression of neuropathic pain was observed. This may point to actions of the systemic drugs at multiple sites along the neuraxis, modulating injury-induced, inflammasome-mediated effects at the injured sciatic nerve and/or dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and potentially higher levels. Given that our data to date point to morphine amplifying neuroinflammatory processes put into motion by nerve injury, it is intriguing to speculate that co-administration of TLR4 and/or P2X7 antagonists can intervene in these inflammatory processes in a beneficial way. That is, that systemic administration of such compounds may suppress inflammatory damage at multiple sites, rapidly and persistently returning neuropathic animals to sham levels of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jayson B. Ball
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter M. Grace
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Maguire AD, Bethea JR, Kerr BJ. TNFα in MS and Its Animal Models: Implications for Chronic Pain in the Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:780876. [PMID: 34938263 PMCID: PMC8686517 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.780876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease often accompanied by severe chronic pain. The most common type of pain in MS, called neuropathic pain, arises from disease processes affecting the peripheral and central nervous systems. It is incredibly difficult to study these processes in patients, so animal models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice are used to dissect the complex mechanisms of neuropathic pain in MS. The pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a critical factor mediating neuropathic pain identified by these animal studies. The TNF signaling pathway is complex, and can lead to cell death, inflammation, or survival. In complex diseases such as MS, signaling through the TNFR1 receptor tends to be pro-inflammation and death, whereas signaling through the TNFR2 receptor is pro-homeostatic. However, most TNFα-targeted therapies indiscriminately block both arms of the pathway, and thus are not therapeutic in MS. This review explores pain in MS, inflammatory TNF signaling, the link between the two, and how it could be exploited to develop more effective TNFα-targeting pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn D Maguire
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Macrophage Activation in the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Rats Developing Autotomy after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312801. [PMID: 34884605 PMCID: PMC8657625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotomy, self-mutilation of a denervated limb, is common in animals after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and is a reliable proxy for neuropathic pain in humans. Understanding the occurrence and treatment of autotomy remains challenging. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of autotomy in nude and Wistar rats and evaluate the differences in macrophage activation and fiber sensitization contributing to the understanding of autotomy behavior. Autotomy in nude and Wistar rats was observed and evaluated 6 and 12 weeks after sciatic nerve repair surgery. The numbers of macrophages and the types of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) between the two groups were compared by immunofluorescence studies. Immunostaining of T cells in the DRG was also assessed. Nude rats engaged in autotomy with less frequency than Wistar rats. Autotomy symptoms were also relatively less severe in nude rats. Immunofluorescence studies revealed increased macrophage accumulation and activation in the DRG of Wistar rats. The percentage of NF200+ neurons was higher at 6 and 12 weeks in Wistar rats compared to nude rats, but the percentage of CGRP+ neurons did not differ between two groups. Additionally, macrophages were concentrated around NF200-labeled A fibers. At 6 and 12 weeks following PNI, CD4+ T cells were not found in the DRG of the two groups. The accumulation and activation of macrophages in the DRG may account for the increased frequency and severity of autotomy in Wistar rats. Our results also suggest that A fiber neurons in the DRG play an important role in autotomy.
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19
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MOG antibody-related disease with recurrent optic neuritis and sensory polyradiculoneuropathy: A case report. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Segal JP, Bannerman CA, Silva JR, Haird CM, Baharnoori M, Gilron I, Ghasemlou N. Chronic mechanical hypersensitivity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is regulated by disease severity and neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:314-325. [PMID: 32688029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain severely affects quality of life in more than half of people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). A commonly-used model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), typically presents with hindlimb paralysis, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. However, this paralysis may hinder the use of pain behavior tests, with no apparent hypersensitivity observed post-peak disease. We sought to adapt the classic actively-induced EAE model to optimize its pain phenotype. EAE was induced with MOG35-55/CFA and 100-600 ng pertussis toxin (PTX), and mice were assessed for mechanical, cold and thermal sensitivity over a 28-day period. Spinal cord tissue was collected at 14 and 28 days post-injection to assess demyelination and neuroinflammation. Only mice treated with 100 ng PTX exhibited mechanical hypersensitivity. Hallmarks of disease pathology, including demyelination, immune cell recruitment, cytokine expression, glial activation, and neuronal damage were higher in EAE mice induced with moderate (200 ng) doses of pertussis toxin, compared to those treated with low (100 ng) levels. Immunostaining demonstrated activated astrocytes and myeloid/microglial cells in both EAE groups. These results indicate that a lower severity of EAE disease may allow for the study of pain behaviors while still presenting with disease pathology. By using this modified model, researchers may better study the mechanisms underlying pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Segal
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Courtney A Bannerman
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jaqueline R Silva
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Cortney M Haird
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Moogeh Baharnoori
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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21
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Smith PA. K + Channels in Primary Afferents and Their Role in Nerve Injury-Induced Pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:566418. [PMID: 33093824 PMCID: PMC7528628 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.566418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory abnormalities generated by nerve injury, peripheral neuropathy or disease are often expressed as neuropathic pain. This type of pain is frequently resistant to therapeutic intervention and may be intractable. Numerous studies have revealed the importance of enduring increases in primary afferent excitability and persistent spontaneous activity in the onset and maintenance of peripherally induced neuropathic pain. Some of this activity results from modulation, increased activity and /or expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels. K+ channels expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) include delayed rectifiers (Kv1.1, 1.2), A-channels (Kv1.4, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3), KCNQ or M-channels (Kv7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5), ATP-sensitive channels (KIR6.2), Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 3.1), Na+-activated K+ channels (KCa4.1 and 4.2) and two pore domain leak channels (K2p; TWIK related channels). Function of all K+ channel types is reduced via a multiplicity of processes leading to altered expression and/or post-translational modification. This also increases excitability of DRG cell bodies and nociceptive free nerve endings, alters axonal conduction and increases neurotransmitter release from primary afferent terminals in the spinal dorsal horn. Correlation of these cellular changes with behavioral studies provides almost indisputable evidence for K+ channel dysfunction in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain. This idea is underlined by the observation that selective impairment of just one subtype of DRG K+ channel can produce signs of pain in vivo. Whilst it is established that various mediators, including cytokines and growth factors bring about injury-induced changes in DRG function and excitability, evidence presently available points to a seminal role for interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in control of K+ channel function. Despite the current state of knowledge, attempts to target K+ channels for therapeutic pain management have met with limited success. This situation may change with the advent of personalized medicine. Identification of specific sensory abnormalities and genetic profiling of individual patients may predict therapeutic benefit of K+ channel activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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22
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Teixeira NB, Picolo G, Giardini AC, Boumezbeur F, Pottier G, Kuhnast B, Servent D, Benoit E. Alterations of peripheral nerve excitability in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:266. [PMID: 32894170 PMCID: PMC7487851 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used and clinically relevant murine model for human multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the present study was to appraise the alterations, poorly documented in the literature, which may occur at the peripheral nervous system (PNS) level. Methods To this purpose, a multiple evaluation of peripheral nerve excitability was undertaken, by means of a minimally invasive electrophysiological method, in EAE mice immunized with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 peptide, an experimental model for MS that reproduces, in animals, the anatomical and behavioral alterations observed in humans with MS, including CNS inflammation, demyelination of neurons, and motor abnormalities. Additionally, the myelin sheath thickness of mouse sciatic nerves was evaluated using transmission electronic microscopy. Results As expected, the mean clinical score of mice, daily determined to describe the symptoms associated to the EAE progression, increased within about 18 days after immunization for EAE mice while it remained null for all control animals. The multiple evaluation of peripheral nerve excitability, performed in vivo 2 and 4 weeks after immunization, reveals that the main modifications of EAE mice, compared to control animals, are a decrease of the maximal compound action potential (CAP) amplitude and of the stimulation intensity necessary to generate a CAP with a 50% maximum amplitude. In addition, and in contrast to control mice, at least 2 CAPs were recorded following a single stimulation in EAE animals, reflecting various populations of sensory and motor nerve fibers having different CAP conduction speeds, as expected if a demyelinating process occurred in the PNS of these animals. In contrast, single CAPs were always recorded from the sensory and motor nerve fibers of control mice having more homogeneous CAP conduction speeds. Finally, the myelin sheath thickness of sciatic nerves of EAE mice was decreased 4 weeks after immunization when compared to control animals. Conclusions In conclusion, the loss of immunological self-tolerance to MOG in EAE mice or in MS patients may not be only attributed to the restricted expression of this antigen in the immunologically privileged environment of the CNS but also of the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Bernardes Teixeira
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), ERL CNRS 9004, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Denis Servent
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), ERL CNRS 9004, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), ERL CNRS 9004, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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23
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Yousuf MS, Samtleben S, Lamothe SM, Friedman TN, Catuneanu A, Thorburn K, Desai M, Tenorio G, Schenk GJ, Ballanyi K, Kurata HT, Simmen T, Kerr BJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the dorsal root ganglia regulates large-conductance potassium channels and contributes to pain in a model of multiple sclerosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:12577-12598. [PMID: 32677089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and current treatment options are ineffective. In this study, we investigated whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contributes to pain hypersensitivity in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Inflammatory cells and increased levels of ER stress markers are evident in post-mortem DRGs from MS patients. Similarly, we observed ER stress in the DRG of mice with EAE and relieving ER stress with a chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), reduced pain hypersensitivity. In vitro, 4-PBA and the selective PERK inhibitor, AMG44, normalize cytosolic Ca2+ transients in putative DRG nociceptors. We went on to assess disease-mediated changes in the functional properties of Ca2+ -sensitive BK-type K+ channels in DRG neurons. We found that the conductance-voltage (GV) relationship of BK channels was shifted to a more positive voltage, together with a more depolarized resting membrane potential in EAE cells. Our results suggest that ER stress in sensory neurons of MS patients and mice with EAE is a source of pain and that ER stress modulators can effectively counteract this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samira Samtleben
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shawn M Lamothe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy N Friedman
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ana Catuneanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mansi Desai
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gustavo Tenorio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Geert J Schenk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harley T Kurata
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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24
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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences for Therapy Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7191080. [PMID: 32454942 PMCID: PMC7240663 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7191080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CNS inflammation is a major driver of MS pathology. Differential immune responses, including the adaptive and the innate immune system, are observed at various stages of MS and drive disease development and progression. Next to these immune-mediated mechanisms, other mediators contribute to MS pathology. These include immune-independent cell death of oligodendrocytes and neurons as well as oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. In particular, the complex influence of oxidative stress on inflammation and vice versa makes therapeutic interference complex. All approved MS therapeutics work by modulating the autoimmune response. However, despite substantial developments in the treatment of the relapsing-remitting form of MS, approved therapies for the progressive forms of MS as well as for MS-associated concomitants are limited and much needed. Here, we summarize the contribution of inflammation and oxidative stress to MS pathology and discuss consequences for MS therapy development.
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25
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Ritter C, Dalenogare DP, de Almeida AS, Pereira VL, Pereira GC, Fialho MFP, Lückemeyer DD, Antoniazzi CT, Kudsi SQ, Ferreira J, Oliveira SM, Trevisan G. Nociception in a Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Model in Mice Is Dependent on Spinal TRPA1 Channel Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2420-2435. [PMID: 32095993 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain is a common untreated symptom in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and is associated with poor quality of life and interference with patients' daily activities. The neuroinflammation process and mitochondrial dysfunction in the PMS lesions generate reactive species. The transient potential receptor ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been identified as one of the major mechanisms that contribute to neuropathic pain signaling and can be activated by reactive compounds. Thus, the goal of our study was to evaluate the role of spinal TRPA1 in the central neuropathic pain observed in a PMS model in mice. We used C57BL/6 female mice (20-30 g), and the PMS model was induced by the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using mouse myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) antigen and CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant). Mice developed progressive clinical score, with motor impairment observed after 15 days of induction. This model induced mechanical and cold allodynia and heat hyperalgesia which were measured up to 14 days after induction. The hypersensitivity observed was reduced by the administration of selective TRPA1 antagonists (HC-030031 and A-967079, via intrathecal and intragastric), antioxidants (α-lipoic acid and apocynin, via intrathecal and intragastric), and TRPA1 antisense oligonucleotide (via intrathecal). We also observed an increase in TRPA1 mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and 4-hydroxinonenal (a TRPA1 agonist) levels in spinal cord samples of PMS-EAE induced animals. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis of the TRPA1 receptor involvement in nociception observed in a PMS-EAE model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ritter
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Diéssica Padilha Dalenogare
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Spring de Almeida
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vitória Loreto Pereira
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Cheiran Pereira
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Pessano Fialho
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Denardin Lückemeyer
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Caren Tatiane Antoniazzi
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Qader Kudsi
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduated Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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26
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Friedman TN, Yousuf MS, Catuneanu A, Desai M, Juźwik CA, Fournier AE, Kerr BJ. Profiling the microRNA signature of the peripheral sensory ganglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:223. [PMID: 31729981 PMCID: PMC6858636 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with a distinct female bias, as well as a high prevalence of neuropathic pain in both sexes. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain the primary sensory neurons that give rise to pain, and damage to these neurons may lead to neuropathic pain. Here, we investigate the sex differences of the DRG transcriptome in a mouse model of MS. METHODS Next-generation sequencing was used to establish RNA and microRNA profiles from the DRG of mice with MOG35-55-induced EAE, a model of CNS inflammation that mimics aspects of MS. Differential expression and multiple meta-analytic approaches were used to compare expression profiles in immunized female and male mice. Differential expression of relevant genes and microRNAs were confirmed by qPCR. RESULTS Three thousand five hundred twenty genes and 29 microRNAs were differentially expressed in the DRG of female mice with MOG35-55-EAE, while only 189 genes and 3 microRNAs were differentially expressed in males with MOG35-55-EAE. Genes related to the immune system were uniquely regulated in immunized female mice. Direct comparison of sex within disease indicates significant differences in interferon and phagosomal pathways between the sexes. miR-21a-5p is the primary dysregulated microRNA in both sexes, with females having additional dysregulated microRNAs, including miR-122-5p. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that females are uniquely affected by MOG35-55-EAE and that this difference may result from additional signaling not present in the male. The altered transcriptome of females correlates with other studies finding hyperactivity of pain-sensing neurons and suggests underlying sex-specific pathways for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Friedman
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ana Catuneanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 2H7, Canada
| | - Mansi Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 2H7, Canada
| | - Camille A Juźwik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 2H7, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry (NRU), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Clinical Sciences Building, 2-150, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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27
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Pollard KJ, Sharma AD, Moore MJ. Neural microphysiological systems for in vitro modeling of peripheral nervous system disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PNS disease pathology is diverse and underappreciated. Peripheral neuropathy may result in sensory, motor or autonomic nerve dysfunction and can be induced by metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory dysfunction, cytotoxic pharmaceuticals, rare hereditary disorders or may be idiopathic. Current preclinical PNS disease research relies heavily on the use of rodent models. In vivo methods are effective but too time-consuming and expensive for high-throughput experimentation. Conventional in vitro methods can be performed with high throughput but lack the biological complexity necessary to directly model in vivo nerve structure and function. In this review, we survey in vitro PNS model systems and propose that 3D-bioengineered microphysiological nerve tissue can improve in vitro–in vivo extrapolation and expand the capabilities of in vitro PNS disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Pollard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | | | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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