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Zhang L, Hu X, Lu L, Li B, Hu X, Bu X, Li H, Tang S, Gao Y, Yang Y, Sweeney JA, Gong Q, Huang X. Anatomic alterations across amygdala subnuclei in medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:334-343. [PMID: 32293840 PMCID: PMC7850150 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a common, disabling illness. However, the regional distribution of anatomic alterations in this structure and their association with the symptoms of OCD remains to be established. METHODS We collected high-resolution 3D T1-weighted images from 81 untreated patients with OCD and no lifetime history of comorbid psychotic, affective or anxiety disorders, and from 95 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We extracted the volume of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) and compared them across groups using FreeSurfer 6.0. In exploratory analyses, we evaluated other subnuclei, including the cortical medial nuclei, the anterior amygdaloid area, and the corticoamygdaloid transition area. RESULTS Patients with OCD had reduced amygdala volume bilaterally compared with healthy controls (left, p = 0.034; right, p = 0.002). Volume reductions were greater in the CeA (left: -11.9%, p = 0.002; right: -13.3%, p < 0.001) than in the BLA (left lateral nucleus: -3.3%, p = 0.029; right lateral nucleus: -3.9%, p = 0.018; right basal nucleus: -4.1%, p = 0.017; left accessory basal nucleus: -6.5%, p = 0.001; right accessory basal nucleus: -9.3%, p < 0.001). Volume reductions in the CeA were associated with illness duration. Exploratory analysis revealed smaller medial (left: -15.4%, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.101) and cortical (left: -9.1%, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.058; right: -15.4%, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.175) nuclei in patients with OCD compared with healthy controls. LIMITATIONS Although the strict exclusion criteria used in the study helped us to identify OCD-specific alterations, they may have limited generalizability to the broader OCD population. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive anatomic profile of alterations in the amygdala subnuclei in untreated patients with OCD and highlight a distinctive pattern of volume reductions across subnuclei in OCD. Based on the functional properties of the amygdala subnuclei established from preclinical research, CeA impairment may contribute to behavioural inflexibility, and BLA disruption may be responsible for altered fear conditioning and the affective components of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqing Zhang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Xinyu Hu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Lu Lu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Bin Li
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Xuan Bu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Hailong Li
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Shi Tang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Yingxue Gao
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Yanchun Yang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Sweeney, Gong, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China (Li, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA (Sweeney); and the Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Bu, Li, Tang, Gao, Gong, Huang)
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