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Eyvani K, Letafatkar N, Babaei P. AMPA Receptors Endocytosis Inhibition Attenuates Cognition Deficit Via c-Fos/BDNF Signaling in Amyloid β Neurotoxicity. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39077805 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2377440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Glutamatergic imbalance, particularly downregulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPARs) endocytosis, has been addressed as a possible reason for cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that inhibition of AMPAR endocytosis may ameliorate memory impairment in AD model of rats. To approach this, twenty-four adults male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: saline + saline (control group), Aβ + saline, and Aβ + Tat-GluR23Y (AMPA endocytosis inhibitor). Animals received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of Aβ (1-42) to induce neuro-toxicity, followed by chronic administration of GluR23Y, and further behavioral assessments by MWM. Afterward, the hippocampal level of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and c-Fos was measured via Western blotting. The results of our study revealed that chronic administration of GluR23Y improved both working and reference memories evidenced by shorter latency time and longer total time spent in the target zone in MWM. Additionally, this improvement was paralleled by an increase in BDNF, but a decrease in c-Fos. In conclusion, GluR23Y improves spatial memory impairment at least partly via elevating neuroprotective factor of BDNF and reducing apoptotic protein of c-Fos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Eyvani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negin Letafatkar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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2
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Onishi T, Hirose K, Sakaba T. Molecular tools to capture active neural circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1449459. [PMID: 39100199 PMCID: PMC11294111 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1449459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To understand how neurons and neural circuits function during behaviors, it is essential to record neuronal activity in the brain in vivo. Among the various technologies developed for recording neuronal activity, molecular tools that induce gene expression in an activity-dependent manner have attracted particular attention for their ability to clarify the causal relationships between neuronal activity and behavior. In this review, we summarize recently developed activity-dependent gene expression tools and their potential contributions to the study of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Onishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hirose
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakaba
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Tinkey RA, Smith BC, Habean ML, Williams JL. BATF2 is a regulator of interferon-γ signaling in astrocytes during neuroinflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602938. [PMID: 39071355 PMCID: PMC11275732 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytic interferon (IFN)γ signaling is associated with a reduction in neuroinflammation. We have previously shown that the benefits of astrocytic IFNγ arise from a variety of mechanisms; however, downstream effectors responsible for regulating this protection are unknown. We address this by identifying a specific transcription factor that may play a key role in modulating the consequences of IFNγ signaling. RNA-sequencing of primary human astrocytes treated with IFNγ revealed basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor ( BATF )2 as a highly expressed interferon-specific gene. Primarily studied in the periphery, BATF2 has been shown to exert both inflammatory and protective functions; however, its function in the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that human spinal cord astrocytes upregulate BATF2 transcript and protein in an IFNγ-specific manner. Additionally, we found that BATF2 prevents overexpression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)1 and IRF1 targets such as Caspase-1, which are known downstream pro-inflammatory mediators. We also show that Batf2 -/- mice exhibit exacerbated clinical disease severity in a murine model of CNS autoimmunity, characterized by an increase in both CNS immune cell infiltration and demyelination. Batf2 -/- mice also exhibit increased astrocyte-specific expression of IRF1 and Caspase-1, suggesting an amplified interferon response in vivo . Further, we demonstrate that BATF2 is expressed primarily in astrocytes in MS lesions and that this expression is co-localized with IRF1. Collectively, our results further support a protective role for IFNγ and implicate BATF2 as a key suppressor of overactive immune signaling in astrocytes during neuroinflammation.
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4
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Leonard J, Wei X, Browning J, Gudenschwager-Basso EK, Li J, Harris EA, Olsen ML, Theus MH. Transcriptomic alterations in cortical astrocytes following the development of post-traumatic epilepsy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8367. [PMID: 38600221 PMCID: PMC11006850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) stands as one of the numerous debilitating consequences that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite its impact on many individuals, the current landscape offers only a limited array of reliable treatment options, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and susceptibility factors remains incomplete. Among the potential contributors to epileptogenesis, astrocytes, a type of glial cell, have garnered substantial attention as they are believed to promote hyperexcitability and the development of seizures in the brain following TBI. The current study evaluated the transcriptomic changes in cortical astrocytes derived from animals that developed seizures as a result of severe focal TBI. Using RNA-Seq and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we unveil a distinct gene expression profile in astrocytes, including alterations in genes supporting inflammation, early response modifiers, and neuropeptide-amidating enzymes. The findings underscore the complex molecular dynamics in astrocytes during PTE development, offering insights into therapeutic targets and avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jack Browning
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Erwin Kristobal Gudenschwager-Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jiangtao Li
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Harris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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5
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Mathew AR, Di Matteo G, La Rosa P, Barbati SA, Mannina L, Moreno S, Tata AM, Cavallucci V, Fidaleo M. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Nervous System: Beyond Metabolic Decompensation-Comparing Biological Models and Gaining New Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:590. [PMID: 38203763 PMCID: PMC10778862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a micronutrient and acts as a cofactor for fundamental biochemical reactions: the synthesis of succinyl-CoA from methylmalonyl-CoA and biotin, and the synthesis of methionine from folic acid and homocysteine. VitB12 deficiency can determine a wide range of diseases, including nervous system impairments. Although clinical evidence shows a direct role of VitB12 in neuronal homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms are yet to be characterized in depth. Earlier investigations focused on exploring the biochemical shifts resulting from a deficiency in the function of VitB12 as a coenzyme, while more recent studies propose a broader mechanism, encompassing changes at the molecular/cellular levels. Here, we explore existing study models employed to investigate the role of VitB12 in the nervous system, including the challenges inherent in replicating deficiency/supplementation in experimental settings. Moreover, we discuss the potential biochemical alterations and ensuing mechanisms that might be modified at the molecular/cellular level (such as epigenetic modifications or changes in lysosomal activity). We also address the role of VitB12 deficiency in initiating processes that contribute to nervous system deterioration, including ROS accumulation, inflammation, and demyelination. Consequently, a complex biological landscape emerges, requiring further investigative efforts to grasp the intricacies involved and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Rachel Mathew
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Saviana Antonella Barbati
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Virve Cavallucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fidaleo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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6
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Jonnalagadda D, Kihara Y, Groves A, Ray M, Saha A, Ellington C, Lee-Okada HC, Furihata T, Yokomizo T, Quadros EV, Rivera R, Chun J. FTY720 requires vitamin B 12-TCN2-CD320 signaling in astrocytes to reduce disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113545. [PMID: 38064339 PMCID: PMC11066976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency causes neurological manifestations resembling multiple sclerosis (MS); however, a molecular explanation for the similarity is unknown. FTY720 (fingolimod) is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and sphingosine analog approved for MS therapy that can functionally antagonize S1P1. Here, we report that FTY720 suppresses neuroinflammation by functionally and physically regulating the B12 pathways. Genetic and pharmacological S1P1 inhibition upregulates a transcobalamin 2 (TCN2)-B12 receptor, CD320, in immediate-early astrocytes (ieAstrocytes; a c-Fos-activated astrocyte subset that tracks with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE] severity). CD320 is also reduced in MS plaques. Deficiency of CD320 or dietary B12 restriction worsens EAE and eliminates FTY720's efficacy while concomitantly downregulating type I interferon signaling. TCN2 functions as a chaperone for FTY720 and sphingosine, whose complex induces astrocytic CD320 internalization, suggesting a delivery mechanism of FTY720/sphingosine via the TCN2-CD320 pathway. Taken together, the B12-TCN2-CD320 pathway is essential for the mechanism of action of FTY720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Aran Groves
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Clayton Ellington
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Edward V Quadros
- Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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Kihara Y, Chun J. Molecular and neuroimmune pharmacology of S1P receptor modulators and other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108432. [PMID: 37149155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological, immune-mediated demyelinating disease that affects people in the prime of life. Environmental, infectious, and genetic factors have been implicated in its etiology, although a definitive cause has yet to be determined. Nevertheless, multiple disease-modifying therapies (DMTs: including interferons, glatiramer acetate, fumarates, cladribine, teriflunomide, fingolimod, siponimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and monoclonal antibodies targeting ITGA4, CD20, and CD52) have been developed and approved for the treatment of MS. All the DMTs approved to date target immunomodulation as their mechanism of action (MOA); however, the direct effects of some DMTs on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators, implicate a parallel MOA that may also reduce neurodegenerative sequelae. This review summarizes the currently approved DMTs for the treatment of MS and provides details and recent advances in the molecular pharmacology, immunopharmacology, and neuropharmacology of S1PR modulators, with a special focus on the CNS-oriented, astrocyte-centric MOA of fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America.
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, United States of America
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8
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Hashemi E, Yoseph E, Tsai HC, Moreno M, Yeh LH, Mehta SB, Kono M, Proia R, Han MH. Visualizing Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1(S1P 1) Signaling During Central Nervous System De- and Remyelination. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1219-1236. [PMID: 35917044 PMCID: PMC10444542 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by aberrant auto-reactive immune responses. The current immune-modulatory therapies are unable to protect and repair immune-mediated neural tissue damage. One of the therapeutic targets in MS is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway which signals via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1-5 (S1P1-5). S1P receptors are expressed predominantly on immune and CNS cells. Considering the potential neuroprotective properties of S1P signaling, we utilized S1P1-GFP (Green fluorescent protein) reporter mice in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model to investigate in vivo S1P - S1P1 signaling in the CNS. We observed S1P1 signaling in a subset of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) during demyelination. During remyelination, S1P1 signaling is expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the SVZ and mature oligodendrocytes in the medial corpus callosum (MCC). In the cuprizone model, we did not observe S1P1 signaling in neurons and astrocytes. We also observed β-arrestin-dependent S1P1 signaling in lymphocytes during demyelination and CNS inflammation. Our findings reveal β-arrestin-dependent S1P1 signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells implying a role of S1P1 signaling in remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Hashemi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ezra Yoseph
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hsing-Chuan Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Monica Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Li-Hao Yeh
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mari Kono
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Proia
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - May H Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, MSLS BLG P212, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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9
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Current Opinion on the Use of c-Fos in Neuroscience. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, the biochemical processes that are triggered by harmful and non-harmful stimuli at the central nervous system level have been extensively studied by the scientific community through numerous techniques and animal models. For example, one of these techniques is the use of immediate expression genes, which is a useful, accessible, and reliable method for observing and quantifying cell activation. It has been shown that both the c-fos gene and its protein c-Fos have rapid activation after stimulus, with the length of time that they remain active depending on the type of stimulus and the activation time depending on the stimulus and the structure studied. Fos requires the participation of other genes (such as c-jun) for its expression (during hetero-dimer forming). c-Fos dimerizes with c-Jun protein to form factor AP-1, which promotes the transcription of various genes. The production and removal of c-Fos is part of cellular homeostasis, but its overexpression results in increased cell proliferation. Although Fos has been used as a marker of cellular activity since the 1990s, which molecular mechanism participates in the regulation of the expression of this protein is still unknown because the gene and the protein are not specific to neurons or glial cells. For these reasons, this work has the objective of gathering information about this protein and its use in neuroscience.
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10
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Sabaie H, Khorami Rouz S, Kouchakali G, Heydarzadeh S, Asadi MR, Sharifi-Bonab M, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Ayatollahi SA, Rezazadeh M. Identification of potential regulatory long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA axes in periplaque regions in multiple sclerosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1011350. [PMID: 36324503 PMCID: PMC9619104 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1011350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-burning inflammation at the lesion rim is connected to the expansion of chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. However, the underlying processes causing expansion are not clearly realized. In this context, the current study used a bioinformatics approach to identify the expression profiles and related lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory axes in the periplaque region in MS patients. Expression data (GSE52139) from periplaque regions in the secondary progressive MS spinal cord and controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), which has details on mRNAs and lncRNAs. Using the R software’s limma package, the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were found. The RNA interactions were also found using the DIANA-LncBase, miRTarBase, and HMDD databases. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine whether there were any positive correlations between DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the ceRNA network. Finally, lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes were created based on co-expression and connections between DElncRNA, miRNA, and DEmRNA. We used the Enrichr tool to enrich the biological process, molecular function, and pathways for DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs. A network of DEmRNAs’ protein-protein interactions was developed, and the top five hub genes were found using Cytoscape and STRING. The current study indicates that 15 DEmRNAs, including FOS, GJA1, NTRK2, CTNND1, and SP3, are connected to the MS ceRNA network. Additionally, four DElncRNAs (such as TUG1, ASB16-AS1, and LINC01094) that regulated the aforementioned mRNAs by sponging 14 MS-related miRNAs (e.g., hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, hsa-miR-20a-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-27a-3p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p) were found. In addition, the analysis of pathway enrichment revealed that DEmRNAs were enriched in the pathways for the “MAPK signaling pathway”, “Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection”, “Human immunodeficiency virus one infection”, “Lipid and atherosclerosis”, and “Amphetamine addiction”. Even though the function of these ceRNA axes needs to be investigated further, this study provides research targets for studying ceRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms related to periplaque demyelination in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Sabaie
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ghazal Kouchakali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Heydarzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mirmohsen Sharifi-Bonab
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, ; Maryam Rezazadeh,
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, ; Maryam Rezazadeh,
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, ; Maryam Rezazadeh,
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11
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Berger TC, Taubøll E, Heuser K. The potential role of DNA methylation as preventive treatment target of epileptogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:931356. [PMID: 35936496 PMCID: PMC9353008 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.931356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological therapy of epilepsy has so far been limited to symptomatic treatment aimed at neuronal targets, with the result of an unchanged high proportion of patients lacking seizure control. The dissection of the intricate pathological mechanisms that transform normal brain matter to a focus for epileptic seizures—the process of epileptogenesis—could yield targets for novel treatment strategies preventing the development or progression of epilepsy. While many pathological features of epileptogenesis have been identified, obvious shortcomings in drug development are now believed to be based on the lack of knowledge of molecular upstream mechanisms, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), and as well as a failure to recognize glial cell involvement in epileptogenesis. This article highlights the potential role of DNAm and related gene expression (GE) as a treatment target in epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Christoph Berger
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Toni Christoph Berger
| | - Erik Taubøll
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjell Heuser
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Kjell Heuser
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12
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Kihara Y, Zhu Y, Jonnalagadda D, Romanow W, Palmer C, Siddoway B, Rivera R, Dutta R, Trapp BD, Chun J. Single-Nucleus RNA-seq of Normal-Appearing Brain Regions in Relapsing-Remitting vs. Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for the Efficacy of Fingolimod. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:918041. [PMID: 35783097 PMCID: PMC9247150 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.918041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease that alters central nervous system (CNS) functions. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common form, which can transform into secondary-progressive MS (SPMS) that is associated with progressive neurodegeneration. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of MS lesions identified disease-related transcriptomic alterations; however, their relationship to non-lesioned MS brain regions has not been reported and which could identify prodromal or other disease susceptibility signatures. Here, snRNA-seq was used to generate high-quality RRMS vs. SPMS datasets of 33,197 nuclei from 8 normal-appearing MS brains, which revealed divergent cell type-specific changes. Notably, SPMS brains downregulated astrocytic sphingosine kinases (SPHK1/2) – the enzymes required to phosphorylate and activate the MS drug, fingolimod. This reduction was modeled with astrocyte-specific Sphk1/2 null mice in which fingolimod lost activity, supporting functionality of observed transcriptomic changes. These data provide an initial resource for studies of single cells from non-lesioned RRMS and SPMS brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yunjiao Zhu
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William Romanow
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carter Palmer
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Siddoway
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard Rivera
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Bruce D. Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jerold Chun
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jerold Chun,
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13
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Cao P, Yang M, Chang C, Wu H, Lu Q. Germinal Center-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Skin Diseases: from Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:357-370. [PMID: 35674978 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) reaction greatly contributes to the humoral immune response, which begins in lymph nodes or other secondary lymphoid organs after follicular B cells are activated by T-dependent antigens. The GCs then serve as a platform for follicular B cells to complete clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation and then interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Through the interaction between the immune cells, significant processes of the humoral immune response are accomplished, such as antibody affinity maturation, class switching, and production of memory B cells and plasma cells. Cell positioning during the GC reaction is mainly mediated by the chemokine receptors and lipid receptors, which both belong to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. There are some orphan GPCRs whose endogenous ligands are unclear yet contribute to the regulation of GC reaction as well. This review will give an introduction on the ligands and functions of two types of GC-relating GPCRs-chemokine receptors like CXCR4 and CXCR5, as well as emerging de-orphanized GPCRs like GPR183, GPR174, and P2RY8. The roles these GPCRs play in several antibody-mediated autoimmune skin diseases will be also discussed, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pemphigus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis. Besides, GPCRs are excellent drug targets due to the unique structure and vital functions. Therefore, this review is aimed at providing readers with a focused knowledge about the role that GPCRs play in GC reaction, as well as in provoking the development of GPCR-targeting agents for immune-mediated diseases besides autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, 33021, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research On Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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14
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Lebas H, Guérit S, Picot A, Boulay AC, Fournier A, Vivien D, Cohen Salmon M, Docagne F, Bardou I. PAI-1 production by reactive astrocytes drives tissue dysfibrinolysis in multiple sclerosis models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:323. [PMID: 35633384 PMCID: PMC11072877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), disturbance of the plasminogen activation system (PAS) and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption are physiopathological processes that might lead to an abnormal fibrin(ogen) extravasation into the parenchyma. Fibrin(ogen) deposits, usually degraded by the PAS, promote an autoimmune response and subsequent demyelination. However, the PAS disruption is not well understood and not fully characterized in this disorder. METHODS Here, we characterized the expression of PAS actors during different stages of two mouse models of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-EAE), in the central nervous system (CNS) by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Thanks to constitutive PAI-1 knockout mice (PAI-1 KO) and an immunotherapy using a blocking PAI-1 antibody, we evaluated the role of PAI-1 in EAE models and its impact on physiopathological processes such as fibrin(ogen) deposits, lymphocyte infiltration and demyelination. RESULTS We report a striking overexpression of PAI-1 in reactive astrocytes during symptomatic phases, in two EAE mouse models of MS. This increase is concomitant with lymphocyte infiltration and fibrin(ogen) deposits in CNS parenchyma. By genetic invalidation of PAI-1 in mice and immunotherapy using a blocking PAI-1 antibody, we demonstrate that abolition of PAI-1 reduces the severity of EAE and occurrence of relapses in two EAE models. These benefits are correlated with a decrease in fibrin(ogen) deposits, infiltration of T4 lymphocytes, reactive astrogliosis, demyelination and axonal damage. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a deleterious overexpression of PAI-1 by reactive astrocytes leads to intra-parenchymal dysfibrinolysis in MS models and anti-PAI-1 strategies could be a new therapeutic perspective for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Lebas
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sylvaine Guérit
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Audrey Picot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Anne Cécile Boulay
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, U1050/75231, Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Antoine Fournier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Martine Cohen Salmon
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, U1050/75231, Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Département de l'information scientifique et de la communication (DISC), INSERM, 75654, Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Isabelle Bardou
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France.
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15
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Immediate Early Gene c-fos in the Brain: Focus on Glial Cells. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060687. [PMID: 35741573 PMCID: PMC9221432 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-fos gene was first described as a proto-oncogene responsible for the induction of bone tumors. A few decades ago, activation of the protein product c-fos was reported in the brain after seizures and other noxious stimuli. Since then, multiple studies have used c-fos as a brain activity marker. Although it has been attributed to neurons, growing evidence demonstrates that c-fos expression in the brain may also include glial cells. In this review, we collect data showing that glial cells also express this proto-oncogene. We present evidence demonstrating that at least astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia express this immediate early gene (IEG). Unlike neurons, whose expression changes used to be associated with depolarization, glial cells seem to express the c-fos proto-oncogene under the influence of proliferation, differentiation, growth, inflammation, repair, damage, plasticity, and other conditions. The collected evidence provides a complementary view of c-fos as an activity marker and urges the introduction of the glial cell perspective into brain activity studies. This glial cell view may provide additional information related to the brain microenvironment that is difficult to obtain from the isolated neuron paradigm. Thus, it is highly recommended that detection techniques are improved in order to better differentiate the phenotypes expressing c-fos in the brain and to elucidate the specific roles of c-fos expression in glial cells.
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16
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MacLean M, López-Díez R, Vasquez C, Gugger PF, Schmidt AM. Neuronal-glial communication perturbations in murine SOD1 G93A spinal cord. Commun Biol 2022; 5:177. [PMID: 35228715 PMCID: PMC8885678 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease characterized by proteinaceous aggregate accumulation and neuroinflammation culminating in rapidly progressive lower and upper motor neuron death. To interrogate cell-intrinsic and inter-cell type perturbations in ALS, single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed on the lumbar spinal cord in the murine ALS model SOD1G93A transgenic and littermate control mice at peri-symptomatic onset stage of disease, age 90 days. This work uncovered perturbed tripartite synapse functions, complement activation and metabolic stress in the affected spinal cord; processes evidenced by cell death and proteolytic stress-associated gene sets. Concomitantly, these pro-damage events in the spinal cord co-existed with dysregulated reparative mechanisms. This work provides a resource of cell-specific niches in the ALS spinal cord and asserts that interwoven dysfunctional neuronal-glial communications mediating neurodegeneration are underway prior to overt disease manifestation and are recapitulated, in part, in the human post-mortem ALS spinal cord. In this paper, single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed to provide a resource of cell-specific niches in the murine ALS model spinal cord at peri-symptomatic onset stage of disease. The data suggest that dysfunctional neuronal-glial communication occurs prior to disease onset, which is partially recapitulated in human post-mortem ALS spinal cord tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael MacLean
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Carolina Vasquez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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17
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Kihara Y, Jonnalagadda D, Zhu Y, Ray M, Ngo T, Palmer C, Rivera R, Chun J. Ponesimod inhibits astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and protects against cingulum demyelination via S1P 1 -selective modulation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22132. [PMID: 34986275 PMCID: PMC8740777 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ponesimod is a sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulator that was recently approved for treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Three other FDA‐approved S1PR modulators for MS—fingolimod, siponimod, and ozanimod—share peripheral immunological effects via common S1P1 interactions, yet ponesimod may access distinct central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms through its selectivity for the S1P1 receptor. Here, ponesimod was examined for S1PR internalization and binding, human astrocyte signaling and single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) gene expression, and in vivo using murine cuprizone‐mediated demyelination. Studies confirmed ponesimod’s selectivity for S1P1 without comparable engagement to the other S1PR subtypes (S1P2,3,4,5). Ponesimod showed pharmacological properties of acute agonism followed by chronic functional antagonism of S1P1. A major locus of S1P1 expression in the CNS is on astrocytes, and scRNA‐seq of primary human astrocytes exposed to ponesimod identified a gene ontology relationship of reduced neuroinflammation and reduction in known astrocyte disease‐related genes including those of immediate early astrocytes that have been strongly associated with disease progression in MS animal models. Remarkably, ponesimod prevented cuprizone‐induced demyelination selectively in the cingulum, but not in the corpus callosum. These data support the CNS activities of ponesimod through S1P1, including protective, and likely selective, effects against demyelination in a major connection pathway of the brain, the limbic fibers of the cingulum, lesions of which have been associated with several neurologic impairments including MS fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yunjiao Zhu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony Ngo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carter Palmer
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
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18
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Ratti S, Rusciano I, Mongiorgi S, Neri I, Cappellini A, Cortelli P, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Ramazzotti G. Lamin B1 Accumulation's Effects on Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy (ADLD): Induction of Reactivity in the Astrocytes. Cells 2021; 10:2566. [PMID: 34685544 PMCID: PMC8534128 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is an extremely rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease due to the overexpression of the nuclear lamina component Lamin B1. Many aspects of the pathology still remain unrevealed. This work highlights the effect of Lamin B1 accumulation on different cellular functions in an ADLD astrocytic in vitro model. Lamin B1 overexpression induces alterations in cell survival signaling pathways with GSK3β inactivation, but not the upregulation of β-catenin targets, therefore resulting in a reduction in astrocyte survival. Moreover, Lamin B1 build up affects proliferation and cell cycle progression with an increase of PPARγ and p27 and a decrease of Cyclin D1. These events are also associated to a reduction in cell viability and an induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, ADLD astrocytes trigger a tentative activation of survival pathways that are ineffective. Finally, astrocytes overexpressing Lamin B1 show increased immunoreactivity for both GFAP and vimentin together with NF-kB phosphorylation and c-Fos increase, suggesting astrocytes reactivity and substantial cellular activation. These data demonstrate that Lamin B1 accumulation is correlated to biochemical, metabolic, and morphologic remodeling, probably related to the induction of a reactive astrocytes phenotype that could be strictly associated to ADLD pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Irene Neri
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC NeuroMet, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea;
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.R.); (I.R.); (S.M.); (I.N.); (A.C.); (G.R.)
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19
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Selkirk JV, Dines KC, Yan YG, Ching N, Dalvie D, Biswas S, Bortolato A, Schkeryantz JM, Lopez C, Ruiz I, Hargreaves R. Deconstructing the Pharmacological Contribution of Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Receptors to Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis Using the Species Selectivity of Ozanimod, a Dual Modulator of Human Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Receptor Subtypes 1 and 5. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:386-399. [PMID: 34535564 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozanimod, a sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that binds with high affinity selectively to S1P receptor subtypes 1 (S1P1) and 5 (S1P5), is approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) in multiple countries. Ozanimod profiling revealed a species difference in its potency for S1P5 in mouse, rat, and canine compared with that for human and monkey. Site-directed mutagenesis identified amino acid alanine at position 120 to be responsible for loss of activity for mouse, rat, and canine S1P5 and mutation back to threonine as in human/monkey S1P5 restored activity. Radioligand binding analysis performed with mouse S1P5 confirmed the potency loss is a consequence of a loss of affinity of ozanimod for mouse S1P5 and was restored with mutation of alanine 120 to threonine. Study of ozanimod in preclinical mouse models of MS can now determine the S1P receptor(s) responsible for observed efficacies with receptor engagement as measured using pharmacokinetic exposures of free drug. Hence, in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model, ozanimod exposures sufficient to engage S1P1, but not S1P5, resulted in reduced circulating lymphocytes, disease scores, and body weight loss; reduced inflammation, demyelination, and apoptotic cell counts in the spinal cord; and reduced circulating levels of the neuronal degeneration marker, neurofilament light. In the demyelinating cuprizone model, ozanimod prevented axonal degradation and myelin loss during toxin challenge but did not facilitate enhanced remyelination post-intoxication. Since free drug levels in this model only engaged S1P1, we concluded that S1P1 activation is neuroprotective but does not appear to affect remyelination. Significance Statement Ozanimod, a selective human S1P1/5 modulator, displays reduced potency for rodent and dog S1P5 compared with human, which results from mutation of threonine to alanine at position 120. Ozanimod can thus be used as a selective S1P1 agonist in mouse models of multiple sclerosis to define efficacies driven by S1P1 but not S1P5 Based on readouts for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cuprizone intoxication, S1P1 modulation is neuroprotective but S1P5 activity may be required for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deepak Dalvie
- Building 2, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, United States
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20
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S1P 2-Gα 12 Signaling Controls Astrocytic Glutamate Uptake and Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0040-21.2021. [PMID: 33893167 PMCID: PMC8287876 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0040-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain. Following neurotransmission, astrocytes remove excess extracellular glutamate to prevent neurotoxicity. Glutamate neurotoxicity has been reported in multiple neurologic diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), representing a shared neurodegenerative mechanism. A potential modulator of glutamate neurotoxicity is the bioactive lysophospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) that signals through five cognate G-protein-coupled receptors, S1P1-S1P5; however, a clear link between glutamate homeostasis and S1P signaling has not been established. Here, S1P receptor knock-out mice, primary astrocyte cultures, and receptor-selective chemical tools were used to examine the effects of S1P on glutamate uptake. S1P inhibited astrocytic glutamate uptake in a dose-dependent manner and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily through S1P2 Primary cultures of wild-type mouse astrocytes expressed S1P1,2,3 transcripts, and selective deletion of S1P1 and/or S1P3 in cerebral cortical astrocytes, did not alter S1P-mediated, dose-dependent inhibition of glutamate uptake. Pharmacological antagonists, S1P2-null astrocytes, and Gα12 hemizygous-null astrocytes indicated that S1P2-Gα12-Rho/ROCK signaling was primarily responsible for the S1P-dependent inhibition of glutamate uptake. In addition, S1P exposure increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in wild-type astrocytes and reduced OCRs in S1P2-null astrocytes, implicating receptor selective metabolic consequences of S1P-mediated glutamate uptake inhibition. Astrocytic S1P-S1P2 signaling increased extracellular glutamate, which could contribute to neurotoxicity. This effect was not observed with the FDA-approved S1P receptor modulators, siponimod and fingolimod. Development and use of S1P2-selective antagonists may provide a new approach to reduce glutamate neurotoxicity in neurologic diseases.
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21
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Nguyen T, Gao J, Wang P, Nagesetti A, Andrews P, Masood S, Vriesman Z, Liang P, Khizroev S, Jin X. In Vivo Wireless Brain Stimulation via Non-invasive and Targeted Delivery of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2091-2106. [PMID: 34131858 PMCID: PMC8609092 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless and precise stimulation of deep brain structures could have important applications to study intact brain circuits and treat neurological disorders. Herein, we report that magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) can be guided to a targeted brain region to stimulate brain activity with a magnetic field. We demonstrated the nanoparticles' capability to reliably evoke fast neuronal responses in cortical slices ex vivo. After fluorescently labeled MENs were intravenously injected and delivered to a targeted brain region by applying a magnetic field gradient, a magnetic field of low intensity (350-450 Oe) applied to the mouse head reliably evoked cortical activities, as revealed by two-photon and mesoscopic imaging of calcium signals and by an increased number of c-Fos expressing cells after stimulation. Neither brain delivery of MENs nor the magnetic stimulation caused significant increases in astrocytes and microglia. Thus, MENs could enable a non-invasive and contactless deep brain stimulation without the need of genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Medical Neuroscience Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Abhignyan Nagesetti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Sehban Masood
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Zoe Vriesman
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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22
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Borodinova AA, Balaban PM, Bezprozvanny IB, Salmina AB, Vlasova OL. Genetic Constructs for the Control of Astrocytes' Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071600. [PMID: 34202359 PMCID: PMC8306323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current review, we aim to discuss the principles and the perspectives of using the genetic constructs based on AAV vectors to regulate astrocytes’ activity. Practical applications of optogenetic approaches utilizing different genetically encoded opsins to control astroglia activity were evaluated. The diversity of astrocytic cell-types complicates the rational design of an ideal viral vector for particular experimental goals. Therefore, efficient and sufficient targeting of astrocytes is a multiparametric process that requires a combination of specific AAV serotypes naturally predisposed to transduce astroglia with astrocyte-specific promoters in the AAV cassette. Inadequate combinations may result in off-target neuronal transduction to different degrees. Potentially, these constraints may be bypassed with the latest strategies of generating novel synthetic AAV serotypes with specified properties by rational engineering of AAV capsids or using directed evolution approach by searching within a more specific promoter or its replacement with the unique enhancer sequences characterized using modern molecular techniques (ChIP-seq, scATAC-seq, snATAC-seq) to drive the selective transgene expression in the target population of cells or desired brain regions. Realizing these strategies to restrict expression and to efficiently target astrocytic populations in specific brain regions or across the brain has great potential to enable future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Borodinova
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel M. Balaban
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilya B. Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L. Vlasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.B.B.); (A.B.S.); (O.L.V.)
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23
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Teo L, Boghdadi AG, Homman-Ludiye J, Mundinano IC, Kwan WC, Bourne JA. Replicating infant-specific reactive astrocyte functions in the injured adult brain. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102108. [PMID: 34147584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infants and adults respond differently to brain injuries. Specifically, improved neuronal sparing along with reduced astrogliosis and glial scarring often observed earlier in life, likely contributes to improved long-term outcomes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could enable the recapitulation of neuroprotective effects, observed in infants, to benefit adults after brain injuries. We reveal that in primates, Eph/ ephrin signaling contributes to age-dependent reactive astrocyte behavior. Ephrin-A5 expression on astrocytes was more protracted in adults, whereas ephrin-A1 was only expressed on infant astrocytes. Furthermore, ephrin-A5 exacerbated major hallmarks of astrocyte reactivity via EphA2 and EphA4 receptors, which was subsequently alleviated by ephrin-A1. Rather than suppressing reactivity, ephrin-A1 signaling shifted astrocytes towards GAP43+ neuroprotection, accounting for improved neuronal sparing in infants. Reintroducing ephrin-A1 after middle-aged focal ischemic injury significantly attenuated glial scarring, improved neuronal sparing and preserved circuitry. Therefore, beneficial infant mechanisms can be recapitulated in adults to improve outcomes after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Teo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony G Boghdadi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jihane Homman-Ludiye
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Inaki-Carril Mundinano
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - William C Kwan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton VIC, 3800, Australia.
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24
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Jonnalagadda D, Wan D, Chun J, Hammock BD, Kihara Y. A Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor, 1-TrifluoromethoxyPhenyl-3-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl) Urea, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094650. [PMID: 33925035 PMCID: PMC8125305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential FAs for human health. Cytochrome P450 oxygenates PUFAs to produce anti-inflammatory and pain-resolving epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) and other oxylipins whose epoxide ring is opened by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH/Ephx2), resulting in the formation of toxic and pro-inflammatory vicinal diols (dihydroxy-FAs). Pharmacological inhibition of sEH is a promising strategy for the treatment of pain, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and other conditions. We tested the efficacy of a potent, selective sEH inhibitor, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Prophylactic TPPU treatment significantly ameliorated EAE without affecting circulating white blood cell counts. TPPU accumulated in the spinal cords (SCs), which was correlated with plasma TPPU concentration. Targeted lipidomics in EAE SCs and plasma identified that TPPU blocked production of dihydroxy-FAs efficiently and increased some EpFA species including 12(13)-epoxy-octadecenoic acid (12(13)-EpOME) and 17(18)-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (17(18)-EpETE). TPPU did not alter levels of cyclooxygenase (COX-1/2) metabolites, while it increased 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and other 12/15-lipoxygenase metabolites. These analytical results are consistent with sEH inhibitors that reduce neuroinflammation and accelerate anti-inflammatory responses, providing the possibility that sEH inhibitors could be used as a disease modifying therapy, as well as for MS-associated pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (D.W.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (D.W.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.J.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Yang T, Zha Z, Yang X, Kang Y, Wang X, Tong Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Fan Y. Neuroprotective Effects of Fingolimod Supplement on the Retina and Optic Nerve in the Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:663541. [PMID: 33981197 PMCID: PMC8107225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Favorable effects exerted by long-term administration of fingolimod therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been reported, but sporadic side effects, such as reversible macular edema, also have been recorded. The present study aimed to determine whether fingolimod therapy is beneficial to the visual system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. A decrease in demyelination and axon loss in the optic nerve as well as cellular infiltration, especially the recruited macrophages, was observed in EAE with fingolimod treatment. Fingolimod administration diminished hypergliosis of macroglia, including astrocytes and Müller cells in the retina and optic nerve in EAE. Microglia were hyperactivated in the retina and optic nerve in the EAE mice compared to controls, which could be alleviated by fingolimod treatment. Moreover, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and oligodendrocytes in the optic nerve was significantly reduced with fingolimod treatment compared to that in the untreated EAE mice. These results suggested that fingolimod exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on the retina and optic nerve in a mouse model of EAE. Considering the paradox of favorable and side effects of fingolimod on visual system, we speculate that side effects including macular oedema caused by fingolimod during MS treatment is tendency to be vasogenic rather than hypergliosis in optic nerve and retina which warrants further neuroophthalmological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zha
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - YueZhi Kang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Tong
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - XueSong Zhao
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - YongPing Fan
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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26
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Chun J, Giovannoni G, Hunter SF. Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor Modulator Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: Differential Downstream Receptor Signalling and Clinical Profile Effects. Drugs 2021; 81:207-231. [PMID: 33289881 PMCID: PMC7932974 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are a class of bioactive lipid molecules that produce their effects through various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is perhaps the most studied lysophospholipid and has a role in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological events, via signalling through five distinct GPCR subtypes, S1PR1 to S1PR5. Previous and continuing investigation of the S1P pathway has led to the approval of three S1PR modulators, fingolimod, siponimod and ozanimod, as medicines for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as the identification of new S1PR modulators currently in clinical development, including ponesimod and etrasimod. S1PR modulators have complex effects on S1PRs, in some cases acting both as traditional agonists as well as agonists that produce functional antagonism. S1PR subtype specificity influences their downstream effects, including aspects of their benefit:risk profile. Some S1PR modulators are prodrugs, which require metabolic modification such as phosphorylation via sphingosine kinases, resulting in different pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, contrasting with others that are direct modulators of the receptors. The complex interplay of these characteristics dictates the clinical profile of S1PR modulators. This review focuses on the S1P pathway, the characteristics and S1PR binding profiles of S1PR modulators, the mechanisms of action of S1PR modulators with regard to immune cell trafficking and neuroprotection in MS, together with a summary of the clinical effectiveness of the S1PR modulators that are approved or in late-stage development for patients with MS. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator therapy for multiple sclerosis: differential downstream receptor signalling and clinical profile effects (MP4 65540 kb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Samuel F. Hunter
- Advanced Neurosciences Institute, 101 Forrest Crossing Blvd STE 103, Franklin, TN 37064 USA
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27
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Chu X, Liu D, Li T, Ke H, Xin D, Wang S, Cao Y, Xue H, Wang Z. Hydrogen sulfide-modified extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Control Release 2020; 328:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Stanisavljević A, Perić I, Gass P, Inta D, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Filipović D. Fluoxetine modulates neuronal activity in stress-related limbic areas of adult rats subjected to the chronic social isolation. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:95-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Pham BN, Luo J, Anand H, Kola O, Salcedo P, Nguyen C, Gaunt S, Zhong H, Garfinkel A, Tillakaratne N, Edgerton VR. Redundancy and multifunctionality among spinal locomotor networks. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1469-1479. [PMID: 32966757 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00338.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Fos is used to identify system-wide neural activation with cellular resolution in vivo. However, c-Fos can only capture neural activation of one event. Targeted recombination in active populations (TRAP) allows the capture of two different c-Fos activation patterns in the same animal. So far, TRAP has only been used to examine brain circuits. This study uses TRAP to investigate spinal circuit activation during resting and stepping, giving novel insights of network activation during these events. The level of colabeled (c-Fos+ and TRAP+) neurons observed after performing two bouts of stepping suggests that there is a probabilistic-like phenomenon that can recruit many combinations of neural populations (synapses) when repetitively generating many step cycles. Between two 30-min bouts of stepping, each consisting of thousands of steps, only ∼20% of the neurons activated from the first bout of stepping were also activated by the second bout. We also show colabeling of interneurons that have been active during stepping and resting. The use of the FosTRAP methodology in the spinal cord provides a new tool to compare the engagement of different populations of spinal interneurons in vivo under different motor tasks or under different conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results are consistent with there being an extensive amount of redundancy among spinal locomotor circuits. Using the newly developed FosTRAP mouse model, only ∼20% of neurons that were active (labeled by Fos-linked tdTomato expression) during a first bout of 30-min stepping were also labeled for c-Fos during a second bout of stepping. This finding suggests variability of neural networks that enables selection of many combinations of neurons (synapses) when generating each step cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bau N Pham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiangyuan Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Harnadar Anand
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Olivia Kola
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pia Salcedo
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Connie Nguyen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah Gaunt
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan Garfinkel
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Niranjala Tillakaratne
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - V Reggie Edgerton
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Institut Guttmann, Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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30
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Kwilasz AJ, Todd LS, Duran-Malle JC, Schrama AEW, Mitten EH, Larson TA, Clements MA, Harris KM, Litwiler ST, Wang X, Van Dam AM, Maier SF, Rice KC, Watkins LR, Barrientos RM. Experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE)-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and memory deficits are prevented with the non-opioid TLR2/TLR4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112896. [PMID: 32905811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with burdensome memory impairments and preclinical literature suggests that these impairments are linked to neuroinflammation. Previously, we have shown that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists, such as (+)-naltrexone [(+)-NTX], block neuropathic pain and associated spinal inflammation in rats. Here we extend these findings to first demonstrate that (+)-NTX blocks TLR2 in addition to TLR4. Additionally, we examined in two rat strains whether (+)-NTX could attenuate learning and memory disturbances and associated neuroinflammation using a low-dose experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. EAE is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, MS. This low-dose model avoided motor impairments that would confound learning and memory measurements. Fourteen days later, daily subcutaneous (+)-NTX or saline injections began and continued throughout the study. Contextual and auditory-fear conditioning were conducted at day 21 to assess hippocampal and amygdalar function. With this low-dose model, EAE impaired long-term, but not short-term, contextual fear memory; both long-term and short-term auditory-cued fear memory were spared. This was associated with increased mRNA for hippocampal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, and IL-17 and elevated expression of the microglial marker Iba1 in CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus, confirming the neuroinflammation observed in higher-dose EAE models. Importantly, (+)-NTX completely prevented the EAE-induced memory impairments and robustly attenuated the associated proinflammatory effects. These findings suggest that (+)-NTX may exert therapeutic effects on memory function by dampening the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus through blockade of TLR2/TLR4. This study suggests that TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists may be effective at treating MS-related memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laurel S Todd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Julissa C Duran-Malle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anouk E W Schrama
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric H Mitten
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tracey A Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Madison A Clements
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kevin M Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Scott T Litwiler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of the Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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31
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Phillips ML, Pozzo-Miller L. Identification of Socially-activated Neurons. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3744. [PMID: 33659404 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the neuronal circuitry responsible for specific behaviors is a major focus in the field of neurobiology. Activity-dependent immediate early genes (IEGs), transcribed and translated shortly after neurons discharge action potentials, have been used extensively to either identify or gain genetic access to neurons and brain regions involved in such behaviors. By using immunohistochemistry for the protein product of the IEG c-Fos combined with retrograde labeling of specific neuronal populations, precise experimental timing, and identical data acquisition and processing, we present a method to quantitatively identify specific neuronal subpopulations that were active during social encounters. We have previously used this method to show a stronger recruitment of ventral hippocampal neurons that project to the medial prefrontal cortex, compared to those that project to the lateral hypothalamus, following social interactions. After optimization of surgeries for the injection of retrograde tracers, this method will be useful for the identification and mapping of neuronal populations engaged in many different behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States.,Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, United States
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States
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Molecular Effects of FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs on Glial Cells and Neurons of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124229. [PMID: 32545828 PMCID: PMC7352301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by peripheral and central inflammatory features, as well as demyelination and neurodegeneration. The available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for MS have been designed to suppress the peripheral immune system. In addition, however, the effects of these drugs may be partially attributed to their influence on glial cells and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). We here describe the molecular effects of the traditional and more recent FDA-approved MS drugs Fingolimod, Dimethyl Fumarate, Glatiramer Acetate, Interferon-β, Teriflunomide, Laquinimod, Natalizumab, Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab on microglia, astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we point to a possible common molecular effect of these drugs, namely a key role for NFκB signaling, causing a switch from pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes to anti-inflammatory phenotypes of these CNS cell types that recently emerged as central players in MS pathogenesis. This notion argues for the need to further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MS drug action.
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Abstract
The signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays critical roles in an immune response. Drugs targeting S1P signaling have been remarkably successful in treatment of multiple sclerosis, and they have shown promise in clinical trials for colitis and psoriasis. One mechanism of these drugs is to block lymphocyte exit from lymph nodes, where lymphocytes are initially activated, into circulation, from which lymphocytes can reach sites of inflammation. Indeed, S1P can be considered a circulation marker, signaling to immune cells to help them find blood and lymphatic vessels, and to endothelial cells to stabilize the vasculature. That said, S1P plays pleiotropic roles in the immune response, and it will be important to build an integrated view of how S1P shapes inflammation. S1P can function so effectively because its distribution is exquisitely tightly controlled. Here we review how S1P gradients regulate immune cell exit from tissues, with particular attention to key outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey A.L. Baeyens
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;,
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;,
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Langley MR, Yoon H, Kim HN, Choi CI, Simon W, Kleppe L, Lanza IR, LeBrasseur NK, Matveyenko A, Scarisbrick IA. High fat diet consumption results in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and oligodendrocyte loss in the central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165630. [PMID: 31816440 PMCID: PMC7982965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a key risk factor and co-morbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions, such that a better understanding of how a high fat diet contributes to oligodendrocyte loss and the capacity for myelin regeneration has the potential to highlight new treatment targets. Results demonstrate that modeling metabolic dysfunction in mice with chronic high fat diet (HFD) consumption promotes loss of oligodendrocyte progenitors across the brain and spinal cord. A number of transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress pathways in HFD-fed mouse spinal cords were also identified. Moreover, deficits in TCA cycle intermediates and mitochondrial respiration were observed in the chronic HFD spinal cord tissue. Oligodendrocytes are known to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, and we observed increased markers of oxidative stress in both the brain and spinal cord of HFD-fed mice. We additionally identified that increased apoptotic cell death signaling is underway in oligodendrocytes from mice chronically fed a HFD. When cultured under high saturated fat conditions, oligodendrocytes decreased both mitochondrial function and differentiation. Overall, our findings show that HFD-related changes in metabolic regulators, decreased mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress contribute to a loss of myelinating cells. These studies identify HFD consumption as a key modifiable lifestyle factor for improved myelin integrity in the adult central nervous system and in addition new tractable metabolic targets for myelin protection and repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chan-Il Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Whitney Simon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laurel Kleppe
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Choi JE, Kim J, Kim J. Capturing activated neurons and synapses. Neurosci Res 2020; 152:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yao M, Ventura PB, Jiang Y, Rodriguez FJ, Wang L, Perry JSA, Yang Y, Wahl K, Crittenden RB, Bennett ML, Qi L, Gong CC, Li XN, Barres BA, Bender TP, Ravichandran KS, Janes KA, Eberhart CG, Zong H. Astrocytic trans-Differentiation Completes a Multicellular Paracrine Feedback Loop Required for Medulloblastoma Tumor Growth. Cell 2020; 180:502-520.e19. [PMID: 31983537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor progression. However, the establishment and function of the TME remain obscure because of its complex cellular composition. Using a mouse genetic system called mosaic analysis with double markers (MADMs), we delineated TME evolution at single-cell resolution in sonic hedgehog (SHH)-activated medulloblastomas that originate from unipotent granule neuron progenitors in the brain. First, we found that astrocytes within the TME (TuAstrocytes) were trans-differentiated from tumor granule neuron precursors (GNPs), which normally never differentiate into astrocytes. Second, we identified that TME-derived IGF1 promotes tumor progression. Third, we uncovered that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is produced by tumor-associated microglia in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulation. Finally, we found that IL-4 is secreted by TuAstrocytes. Collectively, our studies reveal an evolutionary process that produces a multi-lateral network within the TME of medulloblastoma: a fraction of tumor cells trans-differentiate into TuAstrocytes, which, in turn, produce IL-4 that stimulates microglia to produce IGF1 to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojin Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - P Britten Ventura
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yibo Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kelsey Wahl
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Rowena B Crittenden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mariko L Bennett
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cong-Cong Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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Brain-wide genetic mapping identifies the indusium griseum as a prenatal target of pharmacologically unrelated psychostimulants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25958-25967. [PMID: 31796600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904006116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use is an ever-increasing socioeconomic burden, including a dramatic rise during pregnancy. Nevertheless, brain-wide effects of psychostimulant exposure are incompletely understood. Here, we performed Fos-CreERT2-based activity mapping, correlated for pregnant mouse dams and their fetuses with amphetamine, nicotine, and caffeine applied acutely during midgestation. While light-sheet microscopy-assisted intact tissue imaging revealed drug- and age-specific neuronal activation, the indusium griseum (IG) appeared indiscriminately affected. By using GAD67gfp/+ mice we subdivided the IG into a dorsolateral domain populated by γ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons and a ventromedial segment containing glutamatergic neurons, many showing drug-induced activation and sequentially expressing Pou3f3/Brn1 and secretagogin (Scgn) during differentiation. We then combined Patch-seq and circuit mapping to show that the ventromedial IG is a quasi-continuum of glutamatergic neurons (IG-Vglut1 +) reminiscent of dentate granule cells in both rodents and humans, whose dendrites emanate perpendicularly toward while their axons course parallel with the superior longitudinal fissure. IG-Vglut1 + neurons receive VGLUT1+ and VGLUT2+ excitatory afferents that topologically segregate along their somatodendritic axis. In turn, their efferents terminate in the olfactory bulb, thus being integral to a multisynaptic circuit that could feed information antiparallel to the olfactory-cortical pathway. In IG-Vglut1 + neurons, prenatal psychostimulant exposure delayed the onset of Scgn expression. Genetic ablation of Scgn was then found to sensitize adult mice toward methamphetamine-induced epilepsy. Overall, our study identifies brain-wide targets of the most common psychostimulants, among which Scgn +/Vglut1 + neurons of the IG link limbic and olfactory circuits.
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Frare C, Jenkins M, McClure KM, Drew K. Seasonal decrease in thermogenesis and increase in vasoconstriction explain seasonal response to N 6 -cyclohexyladenosine-induced hibernation in the Arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii). J Neurochem 2019; 151:316-335. [PMID: 31273780 PMCID: PMC6819227 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is a seasonal phenomenon characterized by a drop in metabolic rate and body temperature. Adenosine A1 receptor agonists promote hibernation in different mammalian species, and the understanding of the mechanism inducing hibernation will inform clinical strategies to manipulate metabolic demand that are fundamental to conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and therapeutic hypothermia. Adenosine A1 receptor agonist-induced hibernation in Arctic ground squirrels is regulated by an endogenous circannual (seasonal) rhythm. This study aims to identify the neuronal mechanism underlying the seasonal difference in response to the adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Arctic ground squirrels were implanted with body temperature transmitters and housed at constant ambient temperature (2°C) and light cycle (4L:20D). We administered CHA (N6 -cyclohexyladenosine), an adenosine A1 receptor agonist in euthermic-summer phenotype and euthermic-winter phenotype and used cFos and phenotypic immunoreactivity to identify cell groups affected by season and treatment. We observed lower core and subcutaneous temperature in winter animals and CHA produced a hibernation-like response in winter, but not in summer. cFos-ir was greater in the median preoptic nucleus and the raphe pallidus in summer after CHA. CHA administration also resulted in enhanced cFos-ir in the nucleus tractus solitarius and decreased cFos-ir in the tuberomammillary nucleus in both seasons. In winter, cFos-ir was greater in the supraoptic nucleus and lower in the raphe pallidus than in summer. The seasonal decrease in the thermogenic response to CHA and the seasonal increase in vasoconstriction, assessed by subcutaneous temperature, reflect the endogenous seasonal modulation of the thermoregulatory systems necessary for CHA-induced hibernation. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14528.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Frare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA,Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA
| | - M.E. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA
| | - K. M. McClure
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-160, USA
| | - K.L. Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA,Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA
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Kihara Y. Systematic Understanding of Bioactive Lipids in Neuro-Immune Interactions: Lessons from an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:133-148. [PMID: 31562628 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids, or lipid mediators, are utilized for intercellular communications. They are rapidly produced in response to various stimuli and exported to extracellular spaces followed by binding to cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or nuclear receptors. Many drugs targeting lipid signaling such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), prostaglandins, and antagonists for lipid GPCRs are in use. For example, the sphingolipid analog, fingolimod (also known as FTY720), was the first oral disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), whose mechanisms of action (MOA) includes sequestration of pathogenic lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs, as well as astrocytic modulation, via down-regulation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor, S1P1, by in vivo-phosphorylated fingolimod. Though the cause of MS is still under debate, MS is considered to be an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the involvement of bioactive lipids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factors, lysophosphatidic acid, and S1P) in MS and the animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Genetic ablation, along with pharmacological inhibition, of lipid metabolic enzymes and lipid GPCRs revealed that each bioactive lipid has a unique role in regulating immune and neural functions, including helper T cell (TH1 and TH17) differentiation and proliferation, immune cell migration, astrocyte responses, endothelium function, and microglial phagocytosis. A systematic understanding of bioactive lipids in MS and EAE dredges up information about understudied lipid signaling pathways, which should be clarified in the near future to better understand MS pathology and to develop novel DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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