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Lin Y, Yang Q, Lin X, Liu X, Qian Y, Xu D, Cao N, Han X, Zhu Y, Hu W, He X, Yu Z, Kong X, Zhu L, Zhong Z, Liu K, Zhou B, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhu W, Wang J. Extracellular Matrix Disorganization Caused by ADAMTS16 Deficiency Leads to Bicuspid Aortic Valve With Raphe Formation. Circulation 2024; 149:605-626. [PMID: 38018454 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of aortic valve development and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) formation would significantly improve and optimize the therapeutic strategy for BAV treatment. Over the past decade, the genes involved in aortic valve development and BAV formation have been increasingly recognized. On the other hand, ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) gene family members have been reported to be able to modulate cardiovascular development and diseases. The present study aimed to further investigate the roles of ADAMTS family members in aortic valve development and BAV formation. METHODS Morpholino-based ADAMTS family gene-targeted screening for zebrafish heart outflow tract phenotypes combined with DNA sequencing in a 304 cohort BAV patient registry study was initially carried out to identify potentially related genes. Both ADAMTS gene-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization assay and genetic tracing experiments were performed to evaluate the expression pattern in the aortic valve. Accordingly, related genetic mouse models (both knockout and knockin) were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated 9) method to further study the roles of ADAMTS family genes. The lineage-tracing technique was used again to evaluate how the cellular activity of specific progenitor cells was regulated by ADAMTS genes. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to investigate the signaling pathways involved. Inducible pluripotent stem cells derived from both BAV patients and genetic mouse tissue were used to study the molecular mechanism of ADAMTS. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the phenotype of cardiac valve anomalies, especially in the extracellular matrix components. RESULTS ADAMTS genes targeting and phenotype screening in zebrafish and targeted DNA sequencing on a cohort of patients with BAV identified ADAMTS16 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 16) as a BAV-causing gene and found the ADAMTS16 p. H357Q variant in an inherited BAV family. Both in situ hybridization and genetic tracing studies described a unique spatiotemporal pattern of ADAMTS16 expression during aortic valve development. Adamts16+/- and Adamts16+/H355Q mouse models both exhibited a right coronary cusp-noncoronary cusp fusion-type BAV phenotype, with progressive aortic valve thickening associated with raphe formation (fusion of the commissure). Further, ADAMTS16 deficiency in Tie2 lineage cells recapitulated the BAV phenotype. This was confirmed in lineage-tracing mouse models in which Adamts16 deficiency affected endothelial and second heart field cells, not the neural crest cells. Accordingly, the changes were mainly detected in the noncoronary and right coronary leaflets. Bulk RNA sequencing using inducible pluripotent stem cells-derived endothelial cells and genetic mouse embryonic heart tissue unveiled enhanced FAK (focal adhesion kinase) signaling, which was accompanied by elevated fibronectin levels. Both in vitro inducible pluripotent stem cells-derived endothelial cells culture and ex vivo embryonic outflow tract explant studies validated the altered FAK signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our present study identified a novel BAV-causing ADAMTS16 p. H357Q variant. ADAMTS16 deficiency led to BAV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Qifan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Dilin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Naifang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Ximeng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (X.H.)
| | - Yanqing Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network (Y.Z., K.L., J.P.), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangxing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Xiangmin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Kai Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network (Y.Z., K.L., J.P.), Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.)
| | - Yidong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (Y.W.)
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network (Y.Z., K.L., J.P.), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute (J.W.), Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (Y.L., Q.Y., X. Lin, X. Liu, Y.Q., D.X., N.C., W.H., X.H., Z.Y., X.K., L.Z., Z.Z., W.Z., J.W.)
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Ambrogini P, Lattanzi D, Pagliarini M, Di Palma M, Sartini S, Cuppini R, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO. 5HT1AR-FGFR1 Heteroreceptor Complexes Differently Modulate GIRK Currents in the Dorsal Hippocampus and the Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Nucleus of Control Rats and of a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087467. [PMID: 37108630 PMCID: PMC10144171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The midbrain raphe serotonin (5HT) neurons provide the main ascending serotonergic projection to the forebrain, including hippocampus, which has a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. Serotonin 5HT1A receptor (R) activation at the soma-dendritic level of serotonergic raphe neurons and glutamatergic hippocampal pyramidal neurons leads to a decrease in neuronal firing by activation of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. In this raphe-hippocampal serotonin neuron system, the existence of 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heteroreceptor complexes has been proven, but the functional receptor-receptor interactions in the heterocomplexes have only been investigated in CA1 pyramidal neurons of control Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. In the current study, considering the impact of the receptor interplay in developing new antidepressant drugs, the effects of 5HT1AR-FGFR1 complex activation were investigated in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and in midbrain dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons of SD rats and of a genetic rat model of depression (the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats of SD origin) using an electrophysiological approach. The results showed that in the raphe-hippocampal 5HT system of SD rats, 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heteroreceptor activation by specific agonists reduced the ability of the 5HT1AR protomer to open the GIRK channels through the allosteric inhibitory interplay produced by the activation of the FGFR1 protomer, leading to increased neuronal firing. On the contrary, in FSL rats, FGFR1 agonist-induced inhibitory allosteric action at the 5HT1AR protomer was not able to induce this effect on GIRK channels, except in CA2 neurons where we demonstrated that the functional receptor-receptor interaction is needed for producing the effect on GIRK. In keeping with this evidence, hippocampal plasticity, evaluated as long-term potentiation induction ability in the CA1 field, was impaired by 5HT1AR activation both in SD and in FSL rats, which did not develop after combined 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heterocomplex activation in SD rats. It is therefore proposed that in the genetic FSL model of depression, there is a significant reduction in the allosteric inhibition exerted by the FGFR1 protomer on the 5HT1A protomer-mediated opening of the GIRK channels in the 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heterocomplex located in the raphe-hippocampal serotonin system. This may result in an enhanced inhibition of the dorsal raphe 5HT nerve cell and glutamatergic hippocampal CA1 pyramidal nerve cell firing, which we propose may have a role in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marica Pagliarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dasiel Oscar Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29017 Malaga, Spain
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Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A, Gholami M. The Implication of Hypocretin in Drug Abuse and Arousal in the Brain Stem. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:986-991. [PMID: 38008945 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665266463231106065557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypocretin (orexin, Hcrt) neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) project widely into the brain and are thus responsible for the physiological action of the hypocretin complex. Hypocretin is involved in both arousal and addiction, and brainstem areas such as the locus coeruleus (LC), paragigantocellularis (PGi), and dorsal raphe (DR) contribute to these functions. In the present review, we focus on the effect of Hcrt on drug abuse and arousal in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Lee DA, Oikonomou G, Cammidge T, Andreev A, Hong Y, Hurley H, Prober DA. Neuropeptide VF neurons promote sleep via the serotonergic raphe. eLife 2020; 9:54491. [PMID: 33337320 PMCID: PMC7748413 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several sleep-regulating neuronal populations have been identified, little is known about how they interact with each other to control sleep/wake states. We previously identified neuropeptide VF (NPVF) and the hypothalamic neurons that produce it as a sleep-promoting system (Lee et al., 2017). Here we show using zebrafish that npvf-expressing neurons control sleep via the serotonergic raphe nuclei (RN), a hindbrain structure that is critical for sleep in both diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal mice. Using genetic labeling and calcium imaging, we show that npvf-expressing neurons innervate and can activate serotonergic RN neurons. We also demonstrate that chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulation of npvf-expressing neurons induces sleep in a manner that requires NPVF and serotonin in the RN. Finally, we provide genetic evidence that NPVF acts upstream of serotonin in the RN to maintain normal sleep levels. These findings reveal a novel hypothalamic-hindbrain neuronal circuit for sleep/wake control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lee
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Grigorios Oikonomou
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Tasha Cammidge
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Andrey Andreev
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Young Hong
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Hannah Hurley
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - David A Prober
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
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Boorman DC, Keay KA. Morphine-Conditioned Placebo Analgesia in Female and Male Rats with Chronic Neuropathic Pain: c-Fos Expression in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla. Neuroscience 2021; 457:51-73. [PMID: 33285237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Placebo analgesia has great potential to overcome the inadequacies of current drug therapies to treat conditions of chronic pain. The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) has been implicated as a critical relay in the antinociceptive pathway underpinning placebo analgesia in humans. We developed a model of opiate-conditioned placebo analgesia in rats with neuropathic injury to identify medullary nuclei active during placebo analgesia. Using female and male rats the degree of thermal allodynia was first determined following nerve injury, and a pharmacological conditioning procedure, pairing contextual cues with the experience of morphine-induced analgesia, was used to elicit placebo analgesic reactions. This protocol revealed clear subpopulations of placebo reactors (36% of males, 25% of females) and non-reactors in proportions similar to those reported in human studies. We detected injury-specific c-Fos expression in the gracile nucleus and morphine-specific c-Fos expression in the serotonergic midline raphe nuclei and the caudal nuclei of the solitary tract. However, c-Fos expression did not differ between placebo reactors and non-reactors in either serotonergic or non-serotonergic neurons of the RVM. Despite a subpopulation of rats demonstrating placebo reactions, we found no evidence for enhanced activity in the nuclei from which the classical RVM → spinal cord descending analgesic pathways emerge.
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Lyon KA, Rood BD, Wu L, Senft RA, Goodrich LV, Dymecki SM. Sex-Specific Role for Dopamine Receptor D2 in Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neuron Modulation of Defensive Acoustic Startle and Dominance Behavior. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO. [PMID: 33214315 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0202-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain networks underlying states of social and sensory alertness are normally adaptive, influenced by serotonin and dopamine (DA), and abnormal in neuropsychiatric disorders, often with sex-specific manifestations. Underlying circuits, cells, and molecules are just beginning to be delineated. Implicated is a subtype of serotonergic neuron denoted Drd2-Pet1, distinguished by expression of the type-2 DA receptor (Drd2) gene, inhibited cell-autonomously by DRD2 agonism in slice, and, when constitutively silenced in male mice, affects levels of defensive and exploratory behaviors (Niederkofler et al., 2016). Unknown has been whether DRD2 signaling in these Pet1 neurons contributes to their capacity for shaping defensive behaviors. To address this, we generated mice in which Drd2 gene sequences were deleted selectively in Pet1 neurons. We found that Drd2Pet1-CKO males, but not females, demonstrated increased winning against sex-matched controls in a social dominance assay. Drd2Pet1-CKO females, but not males, exhibited blunting of the acoustic startle response, a protective, defensive reflex. Indistinguishable from controls were auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), locomotion, cognition, and anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Analyzing wild-type Drd2-Pet1 neurons, we found sex-specific differences in the proportional distribution of axonal collaterals, in action potential (AP) duration, and in transcript levels of Gad2, important for GABA synthesis. Drd2Pet1-CKO cells displayed sex-specific differences in the percentage of cells harboring Gad2 transcripts. Our results suggest that DRD2 function in Drd2-Pet1 neurons is required for normal defensive/protective behaviors in a sex-specific manner, which may be influenced by the identified sex-specific molecular and cellular features. Related behaviors in humans too show sex differences, suggesting translational relevance.
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7
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Grizzell JA, Clarity TT, Graham NB, Dulka BN, Cooper MA. Activity of a vmPFC-DRN Pathway Corresponds With Resistance to Acute Social Defeat Stress. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:50. [PMID: 33177993 PMCID: PMC7596355 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a critical role in stress resilience through top-down inhibition of key stress-sensitive limbic and hindbrain structures, including the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In a model of experience-dependent stress resistance, socially dominant Syrian hamsters display fewer signs of anxiety following acute social defeat when compared to subordinate or control counterparts. Further, dominants activate vmPFC neurons to a greater degree during stress than do subordinates and become stress-vulnerable following pharmacological inhibition of the vmPFC. Dominants also display fewer stress-activated DRN neurons than subordinates do, suggesting that dominance experience gates activation of vmPFC neurons that inhibit the DRN during social defeat stress. To test whether social dominance alters stress-induced activity of a vmPFC-DRN pathway, we injected a retrograde tracer, cholera toxin B (CTB), into the DRN of dominant, subordinate, and control hamsters and used a dual-label immunohistochemical approach to identify vmPFC neurons co-labeled with CTB and the defeat-induced expression of an immediate early gene, cFos. Results indicate that dominant hamsters display more cFos+ and dual-labeled cells in layers V/VI of infralimbic and prelimbic subregions of the vmPFC compared to other animals. Furthermore, vmPFC-DRN activation corresponded directly with proactive behavioral strategies during defeat, which is indicative of stress resilience. Together, results suggest that recruiting the vmPFC-DRN pathway during acute stress corresponds with resistance to the effects of social defeat in dominant hamsters. Overall, these findings indicate that a monosynaptic vmPFC-DRN pathway can be engaged in an experience-dependent manner, which has implications for behavioral interventions aimed at alleviating stress-related psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNET Research Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Thomas T Clarity
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNET Research Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Nate B Graham
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNET Research Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Brooke N Dulka
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNET Research Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNET Research Center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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8
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Timothy M, Forlano PM. Serotonin distribution in the brain of the plainfin midshipman: Substrates for vocal-acoustic modulation and a reevaluation of the serotonergic system in teleost fishes. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:3451-3478. [PMID: 32361985 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a modulator of neural circuitry underlying motor patterning, homeostatic control, and social behavior. While previous studies have described 5-HT distribution in various teleosts, serotonergic raphe subgroups in fish are not well defined and therefore remain problematic for cross-species comparisons. Here we used the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, a well-studied model for investigating the neural and hormonal mechanisms of vertebrate vocal-acoustic communication, to redefine raphe subgroups based on both stringent neuroanatomical landmarks as well as quantitative cell measurements. In addition, we comprehensively characterized 5-HT-immunoreactive (-ir) innervation throughout the brain, including well-delineated vocal and auditory nuclei. We report neuroanatomical heterogeneity in populations of the serotonergic raphe nuclei of the brainstem reticular formation, with three discrete subregions in the superior raphe, an intermediate 5-HT-ir cell cluster, and an extensive inferior raphe population. 5-HT-ir neurons were also observed within the vocal motor nucleus (VMN), forming putative contacts on those cells. In addition, three major 5-HT-ir cell groups were identified in the hypothalamus and one group in the pretectum. Significant 5-HT-ir innervation was found in components of the vocal pattern generator and cranial motor nuclei. All vocal midbrain nuclei showed considerable 5-HT-ir innervation, as did thalamic and hindbrain auditory and lateral line areas and vocal-acoustic integration sites in the preoptic area and ventral telencephalon. This comprehensive atlas offers new insights into the organization of 5-HT nuclei in teleosts and provides neuroanatomical evidence for serotonin as a modulator of vocal-acoustic circuitry and behavior in midshipman fish, consistent with findings in vocal tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miky Timothy
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, USA
| | - Paul M Forlano
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, USA.,Biology Subprogram in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA.,Biology Subprogram in Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA.,Psychology Subprogram in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA.,Aquatic Research and Environmental Assessment Center, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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9
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Hatini PG, Commons KG. A 5-HT 1D -receptor agonist protects Dravet syndrome mice from seizure and early death. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4370-4374. [PMID: 32394465 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the SCN1A gene encoding the Nav1.1 sodium channel cause several forms of epilepsy, the most severe is Dravet syndrome (DS). DS patients are at high risk for sudden death and seizures are often triggered by fever or hyperthermia. To improve understanding of how serotonergic ligands might influence DS in this study, we tested several drugs for their effect on hyperthermia-induced seizure using a mouse model of DS consisting of a heterozygous loss of function of Scn1A. We found that a mixed 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist had no effect while a mixed 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist had a modest effect reducing the severity of seizures. Hypothesizing selective agonists may be more effective, we tested selective 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonists, CP-93129 and GR-46611, respectively. Of these GR-46611 significantly increased the threshold of hyperthermia-induced seizure and lowered seizure severity. Given chronically at 1 mg kg-1 day-1 , GR-46611 also significantly improved survival of DS mice. Thus, 5-HT1D -receptors may represent a meaningful target for pharmacotherapy for DS with potential relevance for related forms of epilepsy, particularly those with a known sensory trigger such as heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Hatini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn G Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Quina LA, Walker A, Morton G, Han V, Turner EE. GAD2 Expression Defines a Class of Excitatory Lateral Habenula Neurons in Mice that Project to the Raphe and Pontine Tegmentum. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO. [PMID: 32332079 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0527-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) sends complex projections to several areas of the mesopontine tegmentum, the raphe, and the hypothalamus. However, few markers have been available to distinguish subsets of LHb neurons that may serve these pathways. In order to address this complexity, we examined the mouse and rat LHb for neurons that express the GABA biosynthesis enzymes glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) and GAD2, and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT). The mouse LHb contains a population of neurons that express GAD2, while the rat LHb contains discrete populations of neurons that express GAD1 and VGAT. However, we could not detect single neurons in either species that co-express a GABA synthetic enzyme and VGAT, suggesting that these LHb neurons do not use GABA for conventional synaptic transmission. Instead, all of the neuronal types expressing a GABAergic marker in both species showed co-expression of the glutamate transporter VGluT2. Anterograde tract-tracing of the projections of GAD2-expressing LHb neurons in Gad2Cre mice, combined with retrograde tracing from selected downstream nuclei, show that LHb-GAD2 neurons project selectively to the midline structures in the mesopontine tegmentum, including the median raphe (MnR) and nucleus incertus (NI), and only sparsely innervate the hypothalamus, rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Postsynaptic recording of LHb-GAD2 neuronal input to tegmental neurons confirms that glutamate, not GABA, is the fast neurotransmitter in this circuit. Thus, GAD2 expression can serve as a marker for functional studies of excitatory neurons serving specific LHb output pathways in mice.
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11
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Metzger M, Souza R, Lima LB, Bueno D, Gonçalves L, Sego C, Donato J, Shammah-Lagnado SJ. Habenular connections with the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and their role in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:65-88. [PMID: 31833616 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a phylogenetically old epithalamic structure differentiated into two nuclear complexes, the medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). After decades of search for a great unifying function, interest in the Hb resurged when it was demonstrated that LHb plays a major role in the encoding of aversive stimuli ranging from noxious stimuli to the loss of predicted rewards. Consistent with a role as an anti-reward center, aberrant LHb activity has now been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Moreover, both MHb and LHb emerged as new players in the reward circuitry by primarily mediating the aversive properties of distinct drugs of abuse. Anatomically, the Hb serves as a bridge that links basal forebrain structures with monoaminergic nuclei in the mid- and hindbrain. So far, research on Hb has focused on the role of the LHb in regulating midbrain dopamine release. However, LHb/MHb are also interconnected with the dorsal (DR) and median (MnR) raphe nucleus. Hence, it is conceivable that some of the habenular functions are at least partly mediated by the complex network that links MHb/LHb with pontomesencephalic monoaminergic nuclei. Here, we summarize research about the topography and transmitter phenotype of the reciprocal connections between the LHb and ventral tegmental area-nigra complex, as well as those between the LHb and DR/MnR. Indirect MHb outputs via interpeduncular nucleus to state-setting neuromodulatory networks will also be commented. Finally, we discuss the role of specific LHb-VTA and LHb/MHb-raphe circuits in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rudieri Souza
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B Lima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Bueno
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Gonçalves
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Chemutai Sego
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara J Shammah-Lagnado
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Frare C, Jenkins M, McClure KM, Drew K. Seasonal decrease in thermogenesis and increase in vasoconstriction explain seasonal response to N 6 -cyclohexyladenosine-induced hibernation in the Arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii). J Neurochem 2019; 151:316-335. [PMID: 31273780 PMCID: PMC6819227 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is a seasonal phenomenon characterized by a drop in metabolic rate and body temperature. Adenosine A1 receptor agonists promote hibernation in different mammalian species, and the understanding of the mechanism inducing hibernation will inform clinical strategies to manipulate metabolic demand that are fundamental to conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and therapeutic hypothermia. Adenosine A1 receptor agonist-induced hibernation in Arctic ground squirrels is regulated by an endogenous circannual (seasonal) rhythm. This study aims to identify the neuronal mechanism underlying the seasonal difference in response to the adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Arctic ground squirrels were implanted with body temperature transmitters and housed at constant ambient temperature (2°C) and light cycle (4L:20D). We administered CHA (N6 -cyclohexyladenosine), an adenosine A1 receptor agonist in euthermic-summer phenotype and euthermic-winter phenotype and used cFos and phenotypic immunoreactivity to identify cell groups affected by season and treatment. We observed lower core and subcutaneous temperature in winter animals and CHA produced a hibernation-like response in winter, but not in summer. cFos-ir was greater in the median preoptic nucleus and the raphe pallidus in summer after CHA. CHA administration also resulted in enhanced cFos-ir in the nucleus tractus solitarius and decreased cFos-ir in the tuberomammillary nucleus in both seasons. In winter, cFos-ir was greater in the supraoptic nucleus and lower in the raphe pallidus than in summer. The seasonal decrease in the thermogenic response to CHA and the seasonal increase in vasoconstriction, assessed by subcutaneous temperature, reflect the endogenous seasonal modulation of the thermoregulatory systems necessary for CHA-induced hibernation. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14528.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Frare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA,Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA
| | - M.E. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA
| | - K. M. McClure
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-160, USA
| | - K.L. Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194 Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA,Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA
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13
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López-Gil X, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Campa L, Castro E, Frago C, Adell A. Role of Serotonin and Noradrenaline in the Rapid Antidepressant Action of Ketamine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3318-3326. [PMID: 31244055 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a chronic and debilitating illness that interferes severely with many human behaviors, and is the leading cause of disability in the world. There is data suggesting that deficits in serotonin neurotransmission can contribute to the development of depression. Indeed, >90% of prescribed antidepressant drugs act by increasing serotonergic transmission at the synapse. However, this increase is offset by a negative feedback operating at the level of the cell body of the serotonin neurons in the raphe nuclei. In the present work, we demonstrate: first, the intracortical infusion of ketamine induced an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test, comparable to that produced by systemic ketamine; second, systemic and intracortical ketamine increased serotonin and noradrenaline efflux in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the dorsal raphe nucleus; third, systemic and intracortical administration of ketamine increased the efflux of glutamate in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal raphe nucleus; fourth, systemic ketamine did not alter the functionality of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Taken together, these findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine are caused by the stimulation of the prefrontal projection to the dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus caused by an elevated glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex, which would stimulate release of serotonin and noradrenaline in the same area. The impact of both monoamines in the antidepressant response to ketamine seems to have different time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier López-Gil
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Leticia Campa
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Elena Castro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Clara Frago
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Albert Adell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander 39011, Spain
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14
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Oikonomou G, Altermatt M, Zhang RW, Coughlin GM, Montz C, Gradinaru V, Prober DA. The Serotonergic Raphe Promote Sleep in Zebrafish and Mice. Neuron 2019; 103:686-701.e8. [PMID: 31248729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of serotonin (5-HT) in sleep is controversial: early studies suggested a sleep-promoting role, but eventually the paradigm shifted toward a wake-promoting function for the serotonergic raphe. Here, we provide evidence from zebrafish and mice that the raphe are critical for the initiation and maintenance of sleep. In zebrafish, genetic ablation of 5-HT production by the raphe reduces sleep, sleep depth, and the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. Pharmacological inhibition or ablation of the raphe reduces sleep, while optogenetic stimulation increases sleep. Similarly, in mice, ablation of the raphe increases wakefulness and impairs the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation, whereas tonic optogenetic stimulation at a rate similar to baseline activity induces sleep. Interestingly, burst optogenetic stimulation induces wakefulness in accordance with previously described burst activity of the raphe during arousing stimuli. These results indicate that the serotonergic system promotes sleep in both diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal rodents. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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15
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Funk GD, Biancardi V. Commentary: Acute perturbation of Pet1-neuron activity in neonatal mice impairs cardiorespiratory homeostatic recovery. Front Physiol 2019; 10:232. [PMID: 30949061 PMCID: PMC6436076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Funk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian Biancardi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Chen Q, Heinricher MM. Plasticity in the Link between Pain-Transmitting and Pain-Modulating Systems in Acute and Persistent Inflammation. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2065-2079. [PMID: 30651329 PMCID: PMC6507088 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2552-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that spinoparabrachial neurons in the superficial dorsal horn contribute to persistent pain states, and that the lateral parabrachial complex (PB) conveys relevant nociceptive information to higher structures. The role of PB itself in hyperalgesia and how it recruits descending facilitation has nevertheless received significantly less attention. The current study is a first step toward delineating the functional dynamics of PB and its link to descending control in acute and persistent inflammatory pain. In lightly anesthetized rats, we recorded behavioral withdrawal evoked by mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw and, simultaneously, the activity of identified pain-modulating neurons, "ON-cells" and "OFF-cells," in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). This was done before and after the inactivation of PB, contralateral or ipsilateral to an inflamed paw [1 h, 1 d, or 5-6 d after intraplantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)]. The inactivation of contralateral, but not ipsilateral, PB interfered with nociceptive input to RVM under basal conditions, as well as in acute inflammation. By contrast, blocking ipsilateral, but not contralateral, PB in established inflammation interfered with behavioral hyperalgesia and ON-cell and OFF-cell responses. The lesioning of contralateral PB before CFA injection prevented this recruitment of ipsilateral PB in persistent inflammation. These experiments show that contralateral PB is required to initiate hyperalgesia, which is then maintained by ipsilateral PB, most likely in both cases via the engagement of pain-modulating neurons of the RVM.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lateral parabrachial complex (PB) relays nociceptive information to brain circuits that are important for the transmission and modulation of pain, but its specific role in persistent pain and engagement of descending control mechanisms has received relatively little attention. We show here that PB contralateral and ipsilateral to an inflammatory insult demonstrate different functions as inflammation persists, likely by engaging pain-facilitating neurons of the rostral ventromedial medulla. While the contralateral PB, the target of the major spinoparabrachial pathway, relays acute nociceptive information, the ipsilateral PB is recruited or unmasked in persistent inflammation to maintain hyperalgesia. These data point to plasticity in the PB itself or its direct and indirect connections with pain-modulating systems as central to the development and maintenance of persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary M Heinricher
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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17
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Turcotte-Cardin V, Vahid-Ansari F, Luckhart C, Daigle M, Geddes SD, Tanaka KF, Hen R, James J, Merali Z, Béïque JC, Albert PR. Loss of Adult 5-HT1A Autoreceptors Results in a Paradoxical Anxiogenic Response to Antidepressant Treatment. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1334-46. [PMID: 30552180 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0352-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line antidepressants but require several weeks to elicit their actions. Chronic SSRI treatment induces desensitization of 5-HT1A autoreceptors to enhance 5-HT neurotransmission. Mice (both sexes) with gene deletion of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in adult 5-HT neurons (1AcKO) were tested for response to SSRIs. Tamoxifen-induced recombination in adult 1AcKO mice specifically reduced 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels. The 1AcKO mice showed a loss of 5-HT1A autoreceptor-mediated hypothermia and electrophysiological responses, but no changes in anxiety- or depression-like behavior. Subchronic fluoxetine (FLX) treatment induced an unexpected anxiogenic effect in 1AcKO mice in the novelty suppressed feeding and elevated plus maze tests, as did escitalopram in the novelty suppressed feeding test. No effect was seen in wild-type (WT) mice. Subchronic FLX increased 5-HT metabolism in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and raphe of 1AcKO but not WT mice, suggesting hyperactivation of 5-HT release. To detect chronic cellular activation, FosB+ cells were quantified. FosB+ cells were reduced in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (CA2/3) and increased in dorsal raphe 5-HT cells of 1AcKO mice, suggesting increased raphe activation. In WT but not 1AcKO mice, FLX reduced FosB+ cells in the median raphe, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and median septum, which receive rich 5-HT projections. Thus, in the absence of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, SSRIs induce a paradoxical anxiogenic response. This may involve imbalance in activation of dorsal and median raphe to regulate septohippocampal or fimbria-fornix pathways. These results suggest that markedly reduced 5-HT1A autoreceptors may provide a marker for aberrant response to SSRI treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective in treating anxiety and depression in humans and mouse models. However, in some cases, SSRIs can increase anxiety, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we show that, rather than enhancing SSRI benefits, adulthood knockout (KO) of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor, a critical negative regulator of 5-HT activity, results in an SSRI-induced anxiety effect that appears to involve a hyperactivation of the 5-HT system in certain brain areas. Thus, subjects with very low levels of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, such as during childhood or adolescence, may be at risk for an SSRI-induced anxiety response.
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Cham KL, Soga T, Parhar IS. Expression of RING Finger Protein 38 in Serotonergic Neurons in the Brain of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:109. [PMID: 30574074 PMCID: PMC6292424 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is one of the major neurotransmitters, modulating diverse behaviours and physiological functions. Really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 38 (RNF38) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose function remains unclear. A recent study has shown a possible regulatory relationship between RNF38 and the 5-HT system. Therefore, to gain insight into the role of RNF38 in the central 5-HT system, we identified the neuroanatomical location of 5-HT positive cells and investigated the relationship between RNF38 and the 5-HT system in the brain of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Immunocytochemistry revealed three neuronal populations of 5-HT in the brain of tilapia; the paraventricular organ (PVO), the dorsal and ventral periventricular pretectal nuclei (PPd and PPv), and, the superior and inferior raphe (SR and IR). The 5-HT neuronal number was highest in the raphe (90.4 in SR, 284.6 in IR), followed by the pretectal area (22.3 in PPd, 209.8 in PPv). Double-label immunocytochemistry showed that the majority of 5-HT neurons express RNF38 nuclear proteins (66.5% in PPd; 77.9% in PPv; 35.7% in SR; 49.1% in IR). These findings suggest that RNF38 could be involved in E3 ubiquitination in the central 5-HT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin Cham
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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19
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Daly DT, Ariel M. A novel cerebellar commissure and other myelinated axons in the Purkinje cell layer of a pond turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2802-2823. [PMID: 30173417 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parallel fibers in the molecular layer of the vertebrate cerebellum mediate slow spike conduction in the transverse plane. In contrast, electrophysiological recordings have indicated that rapid spike conduction exists between the lateral regions of the cerebellar cortex of the red-ear pond turtle (Trachemys scripta). The anatomical basis for this commissure is now examined in that species using neuronal tracing techniques. Fluorescently tagged dextrans and lipophilic carbocyanine dyes placed in one lateral edge of this nonfoliated cortex are transported across the midline of living brains in vitro and along the axonal membranes of fixed tissues, respectively. Surprisingly, the labeled commissural axons traversed the cortex within the Purkinje cell layer, and not in the white matter of the molecular layer or the white matter below the granule cell layer. Unlike thin parallel fibers that exhibit characteristic varicosities, this commissure is composed of smooth axons of large diameter that also extend beyond the cerebellar cortex via the cerebellar peduncles. Double labeling with myelin basic protein antibody demonstrated that these commissural axons are ensheathed with myelin. In contrast to this transverse pathway, an orthogonal myelinated tract was observed along the cerebellar midline. The connections of this transverse commissure with the lateral cerebellum, the vestibular nuclear complex, and the cochlear vestibular ganglia indicate that this commissure plays a role in bilateral vestibular connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Daly
- Center for Anatomical Sciences and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Ariel
- Center for Anatomical Sciences and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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20
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Dosumu-Johnson RT, Cocoran AE, Chang Y, Nattie E, Dymecki SM. Acute perturbation of Pet1-neuron activity in neonatal mice impairs cardiorespiratory homeostatic recovery. eLife 2018; 7:37857. [PMID: 30350781 PMCID: PMC6199134 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory recovery from apneas requires dynamic responses of brainstem circuitry. One implicated component is the raphe system of Pet1-expressing (largely serotonergic) neurons, however their precise requirement neonatally for homeostasis is unclear, yet central toward understanding newborn cardiorespiratory control and dysfunction. Here we show that acute in vivo perturbation of Pet1-neuron activity, via triggering cell-autonomously the synthetic inhibitory receptor hM4Di, resulted in altered baseline cardiorespiratory properties and diminished apnea survival. Respiratory more than heart rate recovery was impaired, uncoupling their normal linear relationship. Disordered gasp recovery from the initial apnea distinguished mice that would go on to die during subsequent apneas. Further, the risk likelihood of apnea-related mortality associated with suppression of Pet1 neurons was higher for animals with baseline elevated ventilatory equivalents for oxygen. These findings establish that Pet1 neurons play an active role in neonatal cardiorespiratory homeostasis and provide mechanistic plausibility for the serotonergic abnormalities associated with SIDS. Our survival depends on our heart and lungs working together to supply our cells with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide waste. The brain coordinates this process by controlling the activity of the heart and lungs. Yet sometimes a person may experience an event called an apnea and briefly stop breathing. If this happens, oxygen levels in the body fall while carbon dioxide levels rise. This in turn triggers a recovery process called autoresuscitation, which includes a series of large breaths or gasps, and each gasp is accompanied by increased heart rate due to specialized parts of the nervous system. This response usually restores normal breathing. Failure of autoresuscitation may underlie many cases of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS (also known as “cot death” or “crib death”). SIDS is the leading cause of death in young infants in the western world, and many infants who die from SIDS show abnormalities in the brain cells that produce a chemical called serotonin. Evidence suggests that serotonin helps control breathing. This raised the question: does the autoresuscitation recovery response rely on serotonin-producing neurons? To find out, Dosumu-Johnson et al. used one-week-old mouse pups that had been genetically engineered to respond to an injected drug by rapidly inhibiting their serotonin neurons. These animals are about the same age in mouse terms as infants at greatest risk for SIDS (~2-4 months of age). Inhibiting serotonin neurons made it harder for the mouse pups to recover from artificially induced apneas. Although their heart rate showed largely normal recovery – at least at first – their breathing did not. They took fewer gasps, and were more likely to die following such episodes. These findings shed new light on how young animals control their breathing and heart rate when mounting an autoresuscitation recovery from an apnea. The observed uncoupling of breathing and heart rate recovery responses suggests that different brain cells and circuits control the two. The results also suggest that abnormalities in the activity of serotonin neurons may make infants more susceptible to SIDS. As well as offering a possible explanation to families who have lost a child to SIDS, these findings could be used to develop screening tools to identify other infants at risk. They also point to potential cellular targets for drugs that could ultimately help prevent further cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea E Cocoran
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, United States
| | - YoonJeung Chang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Eugene Nattie
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, United States
| | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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21
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Mouradian GC, Hodges MR. The central role of serotonin. eLife 2018; 7:e42291. [PMID: 30350782 PMCID: PMC6199130 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin helps to co-ordinate the respiratory and cardiovascular responses of newborns to oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Mouradian
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
| | - Matthew R Hodges
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
- Neuroscience Research CenterMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
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22
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Dallard J, Labrosse MR, Sohmer B, Beller CJ, Boodhwani M. Investigation of raphe function in the bicuspid aortic valve and its influence on clinical criteria-A patient-specific finite element study. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2018; 34:e3117. [PMID: 29905015 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aortic valve is normally composed of 3 cusps. In one common lesion, 2 cusps are fused together. The conjoined area of the fused cusps is termed raphe. Occurring in 1% to 2% of the population, the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation. The majority of BAV patients eventually require surgery. There is a lack in the literature regarding modeling of the raphe (geometry and material properties), its role and its influence on BAV function. The present study aims to propose improvements on these aspects. Three patient-specific finite element models of BAVs were created based on 3D trans-esophageal echocardiography measurements, and assuming age-dependent material properties. The raphe was initially given the same material properties as its underlying cusps. Two levels of validation were performed; one based on the anatomical validation of the pressurized geometry in diastole (involving 7 anatomical measures), as simulated starting from the unpressurized geometry, and the other based on a functional assessment using clinical measurements in both systole and diastole (involving 16 functional measures). The pathology was successfully reproduced in the FE models of all 3 patients. To further investigate the role of the raphe, 2 additional scenarios were considered; (1) the raphe was considered as almost rigid, (2) the raphe was totally removed. The results confirmed the interpretation of the raphe as added stiffness in the fused cusp's rotation with respect to the aortic wall, as well as added support for stress distribution from the fused cusps to the aortic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dallard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel R Labrosse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Sohmer
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carsten J Beller
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Munir Boodhwani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Richter D, Woitalla D, Muhlack S, Gold R, Tönges L, Krogias C. Brainstem Raphe Alterations in TCS: A Biomarker for Depression and Apathy in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Front Neurol 2018; 9:645. [PMID: 30131761 PMCID: PMC6090021 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and apathy can both be present in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) while e. g., essential tremor (ET) patients mostly only report depressive symptoms. In PD, depression has been linked with brainstem raphe (BR) signal alterations in transcranial sonography (TCS) but apathy has not been evaluated in such terms as a putative biomarker. Furthermore, the BR has only been investigated using a singular axial TCS examination plane, although coronal TCS examination allows a much more accurate evaluation of the craniocaudal formation of serotonergic raphe structures in the midbrain area. The objective of this study was to investigate the value of coronal TCS examination for the detection of BR signal alterations and clinically correlate it to apathy in patients with PD, ET and healthy controls (HC). We prospectively included PD patients (n = 31), ET patients (n = 16), and HC (n = 16). All were examined by TCS in the axial and coronal plane with focus on BR signal alterations. LARS and BDI-II scores were conducted to assess apathic and depressive symptoms in the study population. In a detailed analysis we found that the correlation of coronal and axial TCS alterations of BR was very high (rho = 0.950, p < 0.001). BR signal alterations were more frequent in PD patients than in ET patients and HC, while it was not different between ET patients and HC. In the PD patient group, BDI-II and LARS scores were negatively correlated to BR signal changes in TCS in a significant manner (BDI-II and axial BR: p = 0.019; BDI-II and coronal BR: p = 0.011; LARS and axial BR: p = 0.017; LARS and coronal BR: p = 0.023). Together in this brainstem ultrasound study we find a significant association of BR signal alterations with clinically evident apathy and depression in patients with PD. Therefore, TCS might enable the identification of a subgroup of PD patients which are at higher risk to suffer from or to develop depression or apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Woitalla
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel, Essen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Muhlack
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Neurodegeneration Research, Protein Research Unit Ruhr (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Neurodegeneration Research, Protein Research Unit Ruhr (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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24
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Kinoshita H, Nishitani N, Nagai Y, Andoh C, Asaoka N, Kawai H, Shibui N, Nagayasu K, Shirakawa H, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Ketamine-Induced Prefrontal Serotonin Release Is Mediated by Cholinergic Neurons in the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:305-310. [PMID: 29370396 PMCID: PMC5838842 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine rapidly elicits antidepressive effects in humans and mice in which serotonergic activity is involved. Although α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4β2 nAChR) in the dorsal raphe nucleus plays a key role in the ketamine-induced prefrontal serotonin release, the source of cholinergic afferents, and its role is unclear. METHODS Prefrontal serotonin levels after ketamine injection were measured by microdialysis in rats. Electrolytic lesion of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus was made with constant direct current. RESULTS Bilateral lesion of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, but not laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, attenuated prefrontal serotonin release induced by systemic ketamine. Intra-pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, but not intra-laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ketamine perfusion, increased prefrontal serotonin release. This increase was attenuated by intra-dorsal raphe nucleus injection of dihydro-β-erythroidine, an α4β2 nAChR antagonist, or NBQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the ketamine-induced serotonin release in medial prefrontal cortex is mediated by cholinergic neurons projecting from pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus to dorsal raphe nucleus via α4β2 nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Kinoshita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Nagai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Andoh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shibui
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Correspondence: Kazuki Nagayasu, PhD, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan ()
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Vahid-Ansari F, Daigle M, Manzini MC, Tanaka KF, Hen R, Geddes SD, Béïque JC, James J, Merali Z, Albert PR. Abrogated Freud-1/Cc2d1a Repression of 5-HT1A Autoreceptors Induces Fluoxetine-Resistant Anxiety/Depression-Like Behavior. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11967-78. [PMID: 29101244 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1668-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Freud-1/Cc2d1a represses the gene transcription of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) autoreceptors, which negatively regulate 5-HT tone. To test the role of Freud-1 in vivo, we generated mice with adulthood conditional knock-out of Freud-1 in 5-HT neurons (cF1ko). In cF1ko mice, 5-HT1A autoreceptor protein, binding and hypothermia response were increased, with reduced 5-HT content and neuronal activity in the dorsal raphe. The cF1ko mice displayed increased anxiety- and depression-like behavior that was resistant to chronic antidepressant (fluoxetine) treatment. Using conditional Freud-1/5-HT1A double knock-out (cF1/1A dko) to disrupt both Freud-1 and 5-HT1A genes in 5-HT neurons, no increase in anxiety- or depression-like behavior was seen upon knock-out of Freud-1 on the 5-HT1A autoreceptor-negative background; rather, a reduction in depression-like behavior emerged. These studies implicate transcriptional dysregulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors by the repressor Freud-1 in anxiety and depression and provide a clinically relevant genetic model of antidepressant resistance. Targeting specific transcription factors, such as Freud-1, to restore transcriptional balance may augment response to antidepressant treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Altered regulation of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor has been implicated in human anxiety, major depression, suicide, and resistance to antidepressants. This study uniquely identifies a single transcription factor, Freud-1, as crucial for 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression in vivo Disruption of Freud-1 in serotonin neurons in mice links upregulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors to anxiety/depression-like behavior and provides a new model of antidepressant resistance. Treatment strategies to reestablish transcriptional regulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors could provide a more robust and sustained antidepressant response.
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26
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Borroto-Escuela DO, DuPont CM, Li X, Savelli D, Lattanzi D, Srivastava I, Narváez M, Di Palma M, Barbieri E, Andrade-Talavera Y, Cuppini R, Odagaki Y, Palkovits M, Ambrogini P, Lindskog M, Fuxe K. Disturbances in the FGFR1-5-HT1A Heteroreceptor Complexes in the Raphe-Hippocampal 5-HT System Develop in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:309. [PMID: 29066953 PMCID: PMC5641403 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes are involved in neuroplasticity in the rat hippocampus and in the mesencephalic raphe 5-HT nerve cells. There exists a 5-HT1A protomer enhancement of FGFR1 protomer signaling. Acute and 10 day treatment with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) FGF-2 and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced enhanced antidepressant effects in the forced swim test (FST). We studied in the current work the disturbances in the FGFR1-5-HT1A heterocomplexes in a genetic rat model of depression, the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats of Sprague-Dawley (SD) origin, by means of neurochemical, neurophysiological and behavioral techniques. In control SD rats, the FGFR1 agonist SUN11602 and FGF2 produced a significant reduction of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel (GIRK) currents induced by 8-OH-DPAT in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. In FSL rats, only i.c.v. 8-OH-DPAT alone treatment produced a significant reduction in the immobility time. The combined i.c.v. treatment (FGF2 + 8-OH-DPAT) in FSL rats did not cause a significant decrease in immobility time in the FST. However, in the SD rats this combined treatment produced a significant reduction. Furthermore, in the FSL rat a significant increase in the density of FGFR1-5-HT1A proximity ligation assay (PLA) positive clusters was only found after i.c.v. 8-OH-DPAT treatment alone in the CA2 and CA3 areas. In the SD rat a significant increase in the density of specific PLA clusters was only observed in the CA2 area of the i.c.v. combined treatment (FGF2 + 8-OH-DPAT) group. No treatment led to significant changes in the PLA clusters of the dorsal raphe in the FSL rat. However, significant changes in the density of specific PLA clusters were only found in the dorsal raphe of SD rats after combined treatment and treatment with 8-OH-DPAT alone. The results indicate that in FSL rats compared with SD rats alterations may develop in the ability of 8-OH-DPAT and combined FGFR1 and 5-HT1A agonist treatment to increase the density of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes of the dorsal raphe. It is proposed that such deficits in FSL rats may possibly reflect a failure of the combined agonist treatment to uncouple the 5-HT1A autoreceptors from the GIRK channels. This may contribute to the failure of producing antidepressant-like effects in the FSL rat by combined agonist treatment as seen in the SD rat. The antidepressant-like effects seen with the 5-HT1A agonist alone treatment in FSL but not in SD rats may instead involve significant increases in the FGFR1-5-HT1A complexes of the CA2 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Grupo Bohío-Estudio, Observatorio Cubano de Neurociencias, Yaguajay, Cuba
| | - Caitlin M DuPont
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiang Li
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Savelli
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ipsit Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Yuji Odagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xu S, Das G, Hueske E, Tonegawa S. Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neurons Control Intertemporal Choice under Trade-off. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3111-3119.e3. [PMID: 28988863 PMCID: PMC5691357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate choice about delayed reward is fundamental to the survival of animals. Although animals tend to prefer immediate reward, delaying gratification is often advantageous. The dorsal raphe (DR) serotonergic neurons have long been implicated in the processing of delayed reward, but it has been unclear whether or when their activity causally directs choice. Here, we transiently augmented or reduced the activity of DR serotonergic neurons, while mice decided between differently delayed rewards as they performed a novel odor-guided intertemporal choice task. We found that these manipulations, precisely targeted at the decision point, were sufficient to bidirectionally influence impulsive choice. The manipulation specifically affected choices with more difficult trade-off. Similar effects were observed when we manipulated the serotonergic projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We propose that DR serotonergic neurons preempt reward delays at the decision point and play a critical role in suppressing impulsive choice by regulating decision trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyu Xu
- RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
| | - Gishnu Das
- RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emily Hueske
- RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susumu Tonegawa
- RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Chen Q, Roeder Z, Li MH, Zhang Y, Ingram SL, Heinricher MM. Optogenetic Evidence for a Direct Circuit Linking Nociceptive Transmission through the Parabrachial Complex with Pain-Modulating Neurons of the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla (RVM). eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO. [PMID: 28660248 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0202-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The parabrachial complex (PB) is a functionally and anatomically complex structure involved in a range of homeostatic and sensory functions, including nociceptive transmission. There is also evidence that PB can engage descending pain-modulating systems, the best characterized of which is the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Two distinct classes of RVM neurons, “ON-cells” and “OFF-cells,” exert net pronociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects, respectively. PB was recently shown to be a relay of nociceptive information to RVM ON- and OFF-cells. The present experiments used optogenetic methods in a lightly anesthetized rat and an adult RVM slice to determine whether there are direct, functionally relevant inputs to RVM pain-modulating neurons from PB. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that PB conveys direct glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to RVM neurons. Consistent with this, in vivo recording showed that nociceptive-evoked responses of ON- and OFF-cells were suppressed by optogenetic inactivation of archaerhodopsin (ArchT)-expressing PB terminals in RVM, demonstrating that a net inhibitory input to OFF-cells and net excitatory input to ON-cells are engaged by acute noxious stimulation. Further, the majority of ON- and OFF-cells responded to optogenetic activation of channelrhodopsin (ChR2)-expressing terminals in the RVM, confirming a direct PB influence on RVM pain-modulating neurons. These data show that a direct connection from the PB to the RVM conveys nociceptive information to the pain-modulating neurons of RVM under basal conditions. They also reveal additional inputs from PB with the capacity to activate both classes of RVM pain-modulating neurons and the potential to be recruited under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Grosberg LE, Ganesan K, Goetz GA, Madugula SS, Bhaskhar N, Fan V, Li P, Hottowy P, Dabrowski W, Sher A, Litke AM, Mitra S, Chichilnisky EJ. Activation of ganglion cells and axon bundles using epiretinal electrical stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1457-1471. [PMID: 28566464 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00750.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiretinal prostheses for treating blindness activate axon bundles, causing large, arc-shaped visual percepts that limit the quality of artificial vision. Improving the function of epiretinal prostheses therefore requires understanding and avoiding axon bundle activation. This study introduces a method to detect axon bundle activation on the basis of its electrical signature and uses the method to test whether epiretinal stimulation can directly elicit spikes in individual retinal ganglion cells without activating nearby axon bundles. Combined electrical stimulation and recording from isolated primate retina were performed using a custom multielectrode system (512 electrodes, 10-μm diameter, 60-μm pitch). Axon bundle signals were identified by their bidirectional propagation, speed, and increasing amplitude as a function of stimulation current. The threshold for bundle activation varied across electrodes and retinas, and was in the same range as the threshold for activating retinal ganglion cells near their somas. In the peripheral retina, 45% of electrodes that activated individual ganglion cells (17% of all electrodes) did so without activating bundles. This permitted selective activation of 21% of recorded ganglion cells (7% of expected ganglion cells) over the array. In one recording in the central retina, 75% of electrodes that activated individual ganglion cells (16% of all electrodes) did so without activating bundles. The ability to selectively activate a subset of retinal ganglion cells without axon bundles suggests a possible novel architecture for future epiretinal prostheses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Large-scale multielectrode recording and stimulation were used to test how selectively retinal ganglion cells can be electrically activated without activating axon bundles. A novel method was developed to identify axon activation on the basis of its unique electrical signature and was used to find that a subset of ganglion cells can be activated at single-cell, single-spike resolution without producing bundle activity in peripheral and central retina. These findings have implications for the development of advanced retinal prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Grosberg
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California;
| | - Karthik Ganesan
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Georges A Goetz
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sasidhar S Madugula
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nandita Bhaskhar
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Victoria Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Peter Li
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Pawel Hottowy
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland; and
| | - Wladyslaw Dabrowski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland; and
| | - Alexander Sher
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Alan M Litke
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Subhasish Mitra
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - E J Chichilnisky
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Natarajan R, Forrester L, Chiaia NL, Yamamoto BK. Chronic-Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes Associated with Subregion-Selective Serotonin Cell Death in the Dorsal Raphe. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6214-23. [PMID: 28546314 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3781-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the neurochemical mechanisms and neuroanatomical changes underlying coexisting behavioral effects associated with chronic-stress-induced alterations in serotonin (5HT) neurons. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) to adult male rats produced depression-like changes with cognitive dysfunction and selective cell death in the interfascicular nucleus of the dorsal raphe (DRif), resulting in decreased 5HTergic innervation of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Twenty-one days of CUS decreased basal plasma levels of corticosterone and produced a shorter latency to immobility and longer durations of immobility in the force-swim test that persisted for 1 month after CUS. Deficits in acquisition, recall, perseveration, and reversal learning were evident 1 month after CUS. MK801 treatment during CUS blocked the changes in the forced-swim test and deficits in memory recall. These behavioral changes were associated with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive soma and the eventual loss of 5HT neurons in the DRif and its projections to the mPFC as evidenced by fewer labeled cells in the DRif after retrograde tracer injections into the mPFC of stressed rats. Similar to the effects of MK801 on behavior, MK801 pretreatment during stress blocked the CUS-induced decreases in 5HT soma within the DRif and its projections to the mPFC. Finally, the depression-like behaviors were blocked by acute injection of the 5HT2A/C agonist (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride into the mPFC before forced-swim testing. These results identify a cause and mechanism of 5HTergic dysfunction of the mPFC and associated mood and cognitive behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic stress causes persistent mood and cognitive changes typically associated with dysregulated serotonin (5HT) transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but the cause of this dysregulation is unknown. Prior studies have focused on 5HTergic terminals in this region, but this study shows that chronic stress causes NMDA-receptor-dependent and subregion-specific cell death of 5HT neurons in the dorsal raphe. The consequent decreased 5HT innervation of the mPFC was associated with mood and cognitive changes that persisted long after the termination of stress. These findings identify a mechanism of subregion-selective death of 5HT neurons in the dorsal raphe, a defined neuroanatomical pathway, and a behavioral phenotype that mirror stress-associated diseases such as major depressive disorder.
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Abstract
Although serotonin neurotransmission has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental and psychological disorders, the factors that drive dysfunction of the serotonin system are poorly understood. Current research regarding the serotonin system revolves around its dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders, but there is no database collating genetic mutations that result in serotonin abnormalities. To bridge this gap, we developed a list of genes in mice that, when perturbed, result in altered levels of serotonin either in brain or blood. Due to the intrinsic limitations of search, the current list should be considered a preliminary subset of all relevant cases. Nevertheless, it offered an opportunity to gain insight into what types of genes have the potential to impact serotonin by using gene ontology (GO). This analysis found that genes associated with monoamine metabolism were more often associated with increases in brain serotonin than decreases. Speculatively, this could be because several pathways (and therefore many genes) are responsible for the clearance and metabolism of serotonin whereas only one pathway (and therefore fewer genes) is directly involved in the synthesis of serotonin. Another contributor could be cross talk between monoamine systems such as dopamine. In contrast, genes that were associated with decreases in brain serotonin were more likely linked to a developmental process. Sensitivity of serotonin neurons to developmental perturbations could be due to their complicated neuroanatomy or possibly they may be negatively regulated by dysfunction of their innervation targets. Thus, these observations suggest hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the vulnerability of brain serotonin neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Tenpenny
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain
Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia,
Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kathryn G. Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain
Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia,
Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Delcourte S, Abrial E, Etiévant A, Rovera R, Arnt J, Didriksen M, Haddjeri N. Asenapine modulates mood-related behaviors and 5-HT 1A/7 receptors-mediated neurotransmission. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:518-525. [PMID: 28417559 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Asenapine is a new atypical antipsychotic prescribed for the treatment of psychosis/bipolar disorders that presents higher affinity for serotonergic than dopaminergic receptors. The objective of this study was to investigate its antidepressant-like and antimanic-like properties on relevant animal models of depression and mania and to assess the acute and chronic effect of Asenapine on dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-HT cell firing activity. METHODS We assessed the effects of Asenapine using in vivo electrophysiological and behavioral assays in rats. RESULTS Behavioral experiments showed that Asenapine had no significant effect on immobility time in the forced swim test (FST) in control rats. In the ACTH-treated rats, a model of antidepressant-resistance, Asenapine failed to alter immobility time in the FST. In contrast in the sleep deprivation (SD) model of mania, acute administration of Asenapine significantly decreased the hyperlocomotion of SD rats. In the DRN, acute administration of Asenapine reduced the suppressant effect of the selective 5-HT7 receptor agonist LP-44 and of the prototypical 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on 5-HT neuronal firing activity. In addition, chronic treatment with Asenapine enhanced DRN 5-HT neuronal firing and this effect was associated with an alteration of the 5-HT7 receptor responsiveness. CONCLUSION These results confirm that Asenapine displays robust antimanic property and effective in vivo antagonistic activity at 5-HT1A/7 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delcourte
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Erika Abrial
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Adeline Etiévant
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Jørn Arnt
- Sunred Pharma Consulting Aps, Solrød Strand, Denmark
| | - Michael Didriksen
- Department of Synaptic Transmission 2, H Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
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Deen M, Hansen HD, Hougaard A, da Cunha-Bang S, Nørgaard M, Svarer C, Keller SH, Thomsen C, Ashina M, Knudsen GM. Low 5-HT 1B receptor binding in the migraine brain: A PET study. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:519-527. [PMID: 28730894 DOI: 10.1177/0333102417698708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of migraine may involve dysfunction of serotonergic signaling. In particular, the 5-HT1B receptor is considered a key player due to the efficacy of 5-HT1B receptor agonists for treatment of migraine attacks. Aim To examine the cerebral 5-HT1B receptor binding in interictal migraine patients without aura compared to controls. Methods Eighteen migraine patients, who had been migraine free for >48 hours, and 16 controls were scanned after injection of the 5-HT1B receptor specific radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 for quantification of cerebral 5-HT1B receptor binding. Patients who reported migraine <48 hours after the PET examination were excluded from the final analysis. We defined seven brain regions involved in pain modulation as regions of interest and applied a latent variable model (LVM) to assess the group effect on binding across these regions. Results Our data support a model wherein group status predicts the latent variable ( p = 0.038), with migraine patients having lower 5-HT1B receptor binding across regions compared to controls. Further, in a whole-brain voxel-based analysis, time since last migraine attack correlated positively with 5-HT1B receptor binding in the dorsal raphe and in the midbrain. Conclusion We report here for the first time that migraine patients have low 5-HT1B receptor binding in pain modulating regions, reflecting decreased receptor density. This is either a primary constitutive trait of the migraine brain or secondary to repeated exposure to migraine attacks. We also provide indirect support for the dorsal raphe 5-HT1B receptors being temporarily downregulated during the migraine attack, presumably in response to higher cerebral serotonin levels in the ictal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Deen
- 1 Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,2 Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anders Hougaard
- 1 Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Sofi da Cunha-Bang
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nørgaard
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Sune H Keller
- 4 Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Thomsen
- 5 Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- 1 Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- 2 Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dolzani SD, Baratta MV, Amat J, Agster KL, Saddoris MP, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Activation of a Habenulo- Raphe Circuit Is Critical for the Behavioral and Neurochemical Consequences of Uncontrollable Stress in the Male Rat. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO.0229-16.2016. [PMID: 27785462 PMCID: PMC5066263 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0229-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to uncontrollable stress [inescapable tailshock (IS)] produces behavioral changes that do not occur if the stressor is controllable [escapable tailshock (ES)] an outcome that is mediated by greater IS-induced dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] activation. It has been proposed that this differential activation occurs because the presence of control leads to top-down inhibition of the DRN from medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), not because uncontrollability produces greater excitatory input. Although mPFC inhibitory regulation over DRN 5-HT activation has received considerable attention, the relevant excitatory inputs that drive DRN 5-HT during stress have not. The lateral habenula (LHb) provides a major excitatory input to the DRN, but very little is known about the role of the LHb in regulating DRN-dependent behaviors. Here, optogenetic silencing of the LHb during IS blocked the typical anxiety-like behaviors produced by IS in male rats. Moreover, LHb silencing blocked the increase in extracellular basolateral amygdala 5-HT during IS and, surprisingly, during behavioral testing the following day. We also provide evidence that LHb-DRN pathway activation is not sensitive to the dimension of behavioral control. Overall, these experiments highlight a critical role for LHb in driving DRN activation and 5-HT release into downstream circuits that mediate anxiety-like behavioral outcomes of IS and further support the idea that behavioral control does not modulate excitatory inputs to the DRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Dolzani
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Michael V. Baratta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Jose Amat
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Kara L. Agster
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Michael P. Saddoris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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Ridley CH, Vallabhajosyula P, Bavaria JE, Patel PA, Gutsche JT, Shah R, Feinman JW, Weiss SJ, Augoustides JG. The Sievers Classification of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve for the Perioperative Echocardiog rapher: The Importance of Valve Phenotype for Aortic Valve Repair in the Era of the Functional Aortic Annulus. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:1142-51. [PMID: 27241768 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare H Ridley
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Prakash A Patel
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob T Gutsche
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ronak Shah
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jared W Feinman
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stuart J Weiss
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John G Augoustides
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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Torterolo P, Scorza C, Lagos P, Urbanavicius J, Benedetto L, Pascovich C, López-Hill X, Chase MH, Monti JM. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH): Role in REM Sleep and Depression. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:475. [PMID: 26733789 PMCID: PMC4681773 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a peptidergic neuromodulator synthesized by neurons of the lateral sector of the posterior hypothalamus and zona incerta. MCHergic neurons project throughout the central nervous system, including areas such as the dorsal (DR) and median (MR) raphe nuclei, which are involved in the control of sleep and mood. Major Depression (MD) is a prevalent psychiatric disease diagnosed on the basis of symptomatic criteria such as sadness or melancholia, guilt, irritability, and anhedonia. A short REM sleep latency (i.e., the interval between sleep onset and the first REM sleep period), as well as an increase in the duration of REM sleep and the density of rapid-eye movements during this state, are considered important biological markers of depression. The fact that the greatest firing rate of MCHergic neurons occurs during REM sleep and that optogenetic stimulation of these neurons induces sleep, tends to indicate that MCH plays a critical role in the generation and maintenance of sleep, especially REM sleep. In addition, the acute microinjection of MCH into the DR promotes REM sleep, while immunoneutralization of this peptide within the DR decreases the time spent in this state. Moreover, microinjections of MCH into either the DR or MR promote a depressive-like behavior. In the DR, this effect is prevented by the systemic administration of antidepressant drugs (either fluoxetine or nortriptyline) and blocked by the intra-DR microinjection of a specific MCH receptor antagonist. Using electrophysiological and microdialysis techniques we demonstrated also that MCH decreases the activity of serotonergic DR neurons. Therefore, there are substantive experimental data suggesting that the MCHergic system plays a role in the control of REM sleep and, in addition, in the pathophysiology of depression. Consequently, in the present report, we summarize and evaluate the current data and hypotheses related to the role of MCH in REM sleep and MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Torterolo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lagos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jessika Urbanavicius
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Benedetto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Pascovich
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ximena López-Hill
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Michael H Chase
- WebSciences International and University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaime M Monti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
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Massey CA, Iceman KE, Johansen SL, Wu Y, Harris MB, Richerson GB. Isoflurane abolishes spontaneous firing of serotonin neurons and masks their pH/CO₂ chemosensitivity. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2879-88. [PMID: 25695656 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01073.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons from the mouse and rat rostral medulla are stimulated by increased CO2 when studied in culture or brain slices. However, the response of 5-HT neurons has been variable when animals are exposed to hypercapnia in vivo. Here we examined whether halogenated inhalational anesthetics, which activate TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) (TASK) channels, could mask an effect of CO2 on 5-HT neurons. During in vivo plethysmography in mice, isoflurane (1%) markedly reduced the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) by 78-96% depending upon mouse strain and ambient temperature. In a perfused rat brain stem preparation, isoflurane (1%) reduced or silenced spontaneous firing of medullary 5-HT neurons in situ and abolished their responses to elevated perfusate Pco2. In dissociated cell cultures, isoflurane (1%) hyperpolarized 5-HT neurons by 6.52 ± 3.94 mV and inhibited spontaneous firing. A subsequent decrease in pH from 7.4 to 7.2 depolarized neurons by 4.07 ± 2.10 mV, but that was insufficient to reach threshold for firing. Depolarizing current restored baseline firing and the firing frequency response to acidosis, indicating that isoflurane did not block the underlying mechanisms mediating chemosensitivity. These results demonstrate that isoflurane masks 5-HT neuron chemosensitivity in vitro and in situ and markedly decreases the HCVR in vivo. The use of this class of anesthetic has a particularly potent inhibitory effect on chemosensitivity of 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory A Massey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Neurology and NIH/NINDS Center for SUDEP Research, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa;
| | - Kimberly E Iceman
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Sara L Johansen
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Department of Neurology and NIH/NINDS Center for SUDEP Research, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael B Harris
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - George B Richerson
- Department of Neurology and NIH/NINDS Center for SUDEP Research, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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Raison CL, Hale MW, Williams LE, Wager TD, Lowry CA. Somatic influences on subjective well-being and affective disorders: the convergence of thermosensory and central serotonergic systems. Front Psychol 2015; 5:1580. [PMID: 25628593 PMCID: PMC4292224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theories suggest that the brain is the sole source of mental illness. However, affective disorders, and major depressive disorder (MDD) in particular, may be better conceptualized as brain-body disorders that involve peripheral systems as well. This perspective emphasizes the embodied, multifaceted physiology of well-being, and suggests that afferent signals from the body may contribute to cognitive and emotional states. In this review, we focus on evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting that afferent thermosensory signals contribute to well-being and depression. Although thermoregulatory systems have traditionally been conceptualized as serving primarily homeostatic functions, increasing evidence suggests neural pathways responsible for regulating body temperature may be linked more closely with emotional states than previously recognized, an affective warmth hypothesis. Human studies indicate that increasing physical warmth activates brain circuits associated with cognitive and affective functions, promotes interpersonal warmth and prosocial behavior, and has antidepressant effects. Consistent with these effects, preclinical studies in rodents demonstrate that physical warmth activates brain serotonergic neurons implicated in antidepressant-like effects. Together, these studies suggest that (1) thermosensory pathways interact with brain systems that control affective function, (2) these pathways are dysregulated in affective disorders, and (3) activating warm thermosensory pathways promotes a sense of well-being and has therapeutic potential in the treatment of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Raison
- Department of Psychiatry, Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Medicine, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew W. Hale
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, Australia
| | - Lawrence E. Williams
- Marketing Division, Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, CO, USA
| | - Tor D. Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, CO, USA
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Huang G, Gast TJ, Burns SA. In vivo adaptive optics imaging of the temporal raphe and its relationship to the optic disc and fovea in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:5952-61. [PMID: 25146991 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the anatomy of the temporal raphe and its angular relationship to the optic disc and fovea in the human retina in vivo. METHODS Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) was used to image the temporal raphe in 11 young subjects. The raphe's angle relative to a horizontal line and the raphe-fovea-disc angle (angle between the raphe and the line connecting the disc and fovea center) were determined. In addition, to investigate the impact of aging on the raphe, we imaged the raphe at 9° eccentricity in 10 additional older healthy subjects and compared the raphe's anatomy between the two age groups. RESULTS The raphe's in vivo appearance was generally in agreement with major findings of ex vivo studies. The raphe angle was -1.67° ± 4.8°, with the ranges from -9° to 6°. It was related to the angle of the foveal depression relative to the disc. The raphe-fovea-disc angle was 170.3° ± 3.6°. The raphe gap, defined as the averaged distance between superior and inferior bundles, was significantly larger in the older subjects than in younger subjects (230.83 ± 113.22 μm vs. 1.93 ± 68.73 μm, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The angle of the raphe in the study was not consistent with classic raphe models. While the angle showed relatively large individual variability, there seems to be a systematic relation between the disc, fovea, and raphe. It may be useful for individualizing retinal measurement strategies with regard to perimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Thomas J Gast
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Stephen A Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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Bouaziz E, Emerit MB, Vodjdani G, Gautheron V, Hamon M, Darmon M, Masson J. Neuronal phenotype dependency of agonist-induced internalization of the 5-HT(1A) serotonin receptor. J Neurosci 2014; 34:282-94. [PMID: 24381289 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0186-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are aimed at increasing brain 5-HT tone; however, this expected effect has a slow onset after starting SSRI treatment because of initial activation of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor-mediated negative feedback of 5-HT release. After chronic SSRI treatment, 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors desensitize, which allows 5-HT tone elevation. Because 5-HT(1A) receptor (5-HT(1A)R) internalization has been proposed as a possible mechanism underlying 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor desensitization, we examined whether this receptor could internalize under well controlled in vitro conditions in the LLC-CPK1 cell line and in raphe or hippocampal neurons from rat embryos. To this goal, cells were transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors encoding N-terminal tagged 5-HT(1A)R, and exposed to various pharmacological conditions. Constitutive endocytosis and plasma membrane recycling of tagged-5-HT(1A)R was observed in LLC-PK1 cells as well as in neurons. Acute exposure (for 1 h) to the full 5-HT(1A)R agonists, 5-HT and 5-carboxamido-tryptamine, but not the partial agonist 8-OH-DPAT, triggered internalization of tagged 5-HT(1A)R in serotonergic neurons only. In contrast, sustained exposure (for 24 h) to all agonists induced tagged-5-HT(1A)R endocytosis in raphe serotonergic neurons and a portion of hippocampal neurons, but not LLC-PK1 cells and partial agonist displayed an effect only in serotonergic neurons. In all cases, agonist-induced tagged 5-HT(1A)R endocytosis was prevented by the 5-HT(1A)R antagonist, WAY-100635, which was inactive on its own. These data showed that agonist-induced 5-HT(1A)R internalization does exist in neurons and depends on agonist efficacy and neuronal phenotype. Its differential occurrence in serotonergic neurons supports the idea that 5-HT(1A)R internalization might underlie 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor desensitization under SSRI antidepressant therapy.
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Flabeau O, Meissner WG, Ozier A, Berger P, Tison F, Fernagut PO. Breathing variability and brainstem serotonergic loss in a genetic model of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2014; 29:388-95. [PMID: 24442757 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breathing disorders like sleep apnea, stridor, and dysrythmic breathing are frequent in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). These observations have been related to neurodegeneration in several pontomedullary respiratory nuclei and may explain the occurrence of sudden death. In this study, we sought to determine whether these functional and neuropathological characteristics could be replicated in a transgenic model of MSA. Mice expressing human wild-type α-synuclein under the control of the proteolipid promoter (PLP-αSYN) were compared with age-matched controls. Using whole-body, unrestrained plethysmography, the following breathing parameters were measured: inspiratory and expiratory times, tidal volume, expiratory volume, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and respiratory frequency. For each category, the mean, coefficient of variation, and irregularity score were analyzed. Brains were then processed for stereological cell counts of pontomedullary respiratory nuclei. A significant increase in the coefficient of variation and irregularity score was observed for inspiratory time, tidal volume, and expiratory volume in PLP-αSYN mice (P < 0.05). Glial cytoplasmic inclusions were found in the medullary raphe of PLP-αSYN mice, together with a loss of serotonergic immunoreactivity in the raphe obscurus (P < 0.001) and pallidus (P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between α-synuclein burden and raphe pallidus cell counts (P < 0.05). There was no significant neuronal loss in the pre-Botzinger complex. The PLP-αSYN mouse model replicates the breathing variability and part of the neuronal depletion in pontomedullary respiratory nuclei observed in patients with MSA. Our findings support the use of this model for future candidate drugs in the breathing disorders observed in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Flabeau
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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Jochems J, Boulden J, Lee BG, Blendy JA, Jarpe M, Mazitschek R, Van Duzer JH, Jones S, Berton O. Antidepressant-like properties of novel HDAC6-selective inhibitors with improved brain bioavailability. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:389-400. [PMID: 23954848 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors have been reported to produce antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects in animal models, however, poor brain bioavailability or lack of isoform selectivity of current probes has limited our understanding of their mode of action. We report the characterization of novel pyrimidine hydroxyl amide small molecule inhibitors of HDAC6, brain bioavailable upon systemic administration. We show that two compounds in this family, ACY-738 and ACY-775, inhibit HDAC6 with low nanomolar potency and a selectivity of 60- to 1500-fold over class I HDACs. In contrast to tubastatin A, a reference HDAC6 inhibitor with similar potency and peripheral activity, but more limited brain bioavailability, ACY-738 and ACY-775 induce dramatic increases in α-tubulin acetylation in brain and stimulate mouse exploratory behaviors in novel, but not familiar environments. Interestingly, despite a lack of detectable effect on histone acetylation, we show that ACY-738 and ACY-775 share the antidepressant-like properties of other HDAC inhibitors, such as SAHA and MS-275, in the tail suspension test and social defeat paradigm. These effects of ACY-738 and ACY-775 are directly attributable to the inhibition of HDAC6 expressed centrally, as they are fully abrogated in mice with a neural-specific loss of function of HDAC6. Furthermore, administered in combination, a behaviorally inactive dose of ACY-738 markedly potentiates the anti-immobility activity of a subactive dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram. Our results validate new isoform-selective probes for in vivo pharmacological studies of HDAC6 in the CNS and reinforce the viability of this HDAC isoform as a potential target for antidepressant development.
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Drugan RC, Hibl PT, Kelly KJ, Dady KF, Hale MW, Lowry CA. Prior cold water swim stress alters immobility in the forced swim test and associated activation of serotonergic neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuroscience 2013; 253:221-34. [PMID: 23999122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prior adverse experience alters behavioral responses to subsequent stressors. For example, exposure to a brief swim increases immobility in a subsequent swim test 24h later. In order to determine if qualitative differences (e.g. 19°C versus 25°C) in an initial stressor (15-min swim) impact behavioral, physiological, and associated neural responses in a 5-min, 25°C swim test 24h later, rats were surgically implanted with biotelemetry devices 1 week prior to experimentation then randomly assigned to one of six conditions (Day 1 (15 min)/Day 2 (5 min)): (1) home cage (HC)/HC, (2) HC/25°C swim, (3) 19°C swim/HC, (4) 19°C swim/25°C swim, (5) 25°C swim/HC, (6) 25°C swim/25°C swim. Core body temperature (Tb) was measured on Days 1 and 2 using biotelemetry; behavior was measured on Day 2. Rats were transcardially perfused with fixative 2h following the onset of the swim on Day 2 for analysis of c-Fos expression in midbrain serotonergic neurons. Cold water (19°C) swim on Day 1 reduced Tb, compared to both 25°C swim and HC groups on Day 1, and, relative to rats exposed to HC conditions on Day 1, reduced the hypothermic response to the 25°C swim on Day 2. The 19°C swim on Day 1, relative to HC exposure on Day 1, increased immobility during the 5-min swim on Day 2. Also, 19°C swim, relative to HC conditions, on Day 1 reduced swim (25°C)-induced increases in c-Fos expression in serotonergic neurons within the dorsal and interfascicular parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus. These results suggest that exposure to a 5-min 19°C cold water swim, but not exposure to a 5-min 25°C swim alters physiological, behavioral and serotonergic responses to a subsequent stressor.
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Bach H, Huang YY, Underwood MD, Dwork AJ, Mann JJ, Arango V. Elevated serotonin and 5-HIAA in the brainstem and lower serotonin turnover in the prefrontal cortex of suicides. Synapse 2013; 68:127-30. [PMID: 23813499 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using high pressure liquid chromatography, we find more brainstem 5-HT and 5-HIAA in suicides compared with nonpsychiatric, sudden death controls throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the brainstem DRN and MRN. This suggests that 5-HT synthesis in suicides is greater within all DRN subnuclei and the MRN compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Bach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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Abstract
Within the species Astyanax mexicanus, there are several inter-fertile populations of river-dwelling sighted fish and cave-dwelling blind fish which have evolved morphological and behavioral adaptations. We have recently reported a developmental and neurophysiological basis for the loss of aggressive behavior in the blind cavefish morph of Astyanax. Using an appropriate behavioral assay, we have shown that surface Astyanax show intense dominance-related aggressiveness. The expression of this behavior is inversely correlated with the serotonin (5HT) levels in their hindbrain raphe nucleus. Moreover this behavior is not solely visually-evoked and has a genetic component. Conversely in cavefish, there is no raphe-driven dominance aggressiveness. Instead, the embryonic Sonic Hedgehog–dependent modification of the size of a serotonergic neuronal group localized in their hypothalamus causes a shift in their behavioral pattern: instead of fighting, they search for food. Here we further discuss the origin and nature of this behavioral shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rétaux
- Equipe Développement Evolution du Cerveau Antérieur; UPR3294 NeD; CNRS; Institut Alfred Fessard; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Massey CA, Kim G, Corcoran AE, Haynes RL, Paterson DS, Cummings KJ, Dymecki SM, Richerson GB, Nattie EE, Kinney HC, Commons KG. Development of brainstem 5-HT1A receptor-binding sites in serotonin-deficient mice. J Neurochem 2013; 126:749-57. [PMID: 23692315 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The sudden infant death syndrome is associated with a reduction in brainstem serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT(1A) receptor binding, yet it is unknown if and how these findings are linked. In this study, we used quantitative tissue autoradiography to determine if post-natal development of brainstem 5-HT(1A) receptors is altered in two mouse models where the development of 5-HT neurons is defective, the Lmx1b(f/f/p) , and the Pet-1⁻/⁻ mouse. 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist-binding sites were examined in both 5-HT-source nuclei (autoreceptors) and in sites that receive 5-HT innervation (heteroreceptors). In control mice between post-natal day (P) 3 and 10, 5-HT(1A) receptor binding increased in several brainstem sites; by P25, there were region-specific increases and decreases, refining the overall binding pattern. In the Lmx1b(f/f/p) and Pet-1⁻/⁻ mice, 5-HT(1A)-autoreceptor binding was significantly lower than in control mice at P3, and remained low at P10 and P25. In contrast, 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptor levels were comparable between control and 5-HT-deficient mice. These data define the post-natal development of 5-HT(1A)-receptor binding in the mouse brainstem. Furthermore, the data suggest that 5-HT(1A)-heteroreceptor deficits detected in sudden infant death syndrome are not a direct consequence of a 5-HT neuron dysfunction nor reduced brain 5-HT levels. To elucidate the developmental relationship between serotonin (5-HT) levels and 5-HT(1A) receptors in the brainstem, we examined 5-HT(1A) binding in two 5-HT-deficient mouse models. In nuclei containing 5-HT neurons, 5-HT(1A) binding was decreased (autoreceptors), while binding was maintained in projection sites (heteroreceptors). Thus, brainstem 5-HT(1A)-heteroreceptor-binding sites do not appear developmentally sensitive to reduced brain 5-HT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Massey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Donner NC, Montoya CD, Lukkes JL, Lowry CA. Chronic non-invasive corticosterone administration abolishes the diurnal pattern of tph2 expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:645-61. [PMID: 21924839 PMCID: PMC3249349 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Both hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and serotonergic systems are commonly dysregulated in stress-related psychiatric disorders. We describe here a non-invasive rat model for hypercortisolism, as observed in major depression, and its effects on physiology, behavior, and the expression of tph2, the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2, the rate-limiting enzyme for brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) synthesis. We delivered corticosterone (40 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml or 400 μg/ml) or vehicle to adrenal-intact adult, male rats via the drinking water for 3 weeks. On days 15, 16, 17 and 18, respectively, the rats' emotionality was assessed in the open-field (OF), social interaction (SI), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and forced swim tests (FST). On day 21, half of the rats in each group were killed 2h into the dark phase of a 12/12 h reversed light/dark cycle; the other half were killed 2h into the light phase. We then measured indices of HPA axis activity, plasma glucose and interleukin-6 (IL-6) availability, and neuronal tph2 expression at each time point. Chronic corticosterone intake was sufficient to cause increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner. It also disrupted the diurnal pattern of plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), corticosterone, and glucose concentrations, caused adrenal atrophy, and prevented regular weight gain. No diurnal or treatment-dependent changes were found for plasma concentrations of IL-6. Remarkably, all doses of corticosterone treatment abolished the diurnal variation of tph2 mRNA expression in the brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) by elevating the gene's expression during the animals' inactive (light) phase. Our data demonstrate that chronic elevation of corticosterone creates a vulnerability to a depression-like syndrome that is associated with increased tph2 expression, similar to that observed in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Donner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
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Park J, Koh CH, Khim JS, Ohtsuka T, Witkowski A. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NAVICULOID DIATOM GENUS MORENEIS GEN. NOV. (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM SAND FLATS IN KOREA(1). J Phycol 2012; 48:186-195. [PMID: 27009663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a new diatom genus Moreneis from the Yellow Sea sand flats on the west coast of Korea. The new genus is characterized by a unique combination of morphological characteristics, including the shape of the plastids, which have not been previously observed in diatoms. The valve morphology resembles other genera belonging to Lyrellaceae, within which we place this genus. In terms of areolae structure, Moreneis resembles Petroneis and Placoneis; however, it differs from both genera with respect to the raphe system and plastid shape. Cells of Moreneis spp. have a single large plastid appressed to the girdle of the secondary side of the valve, with two lobes extended toward the primary side of the valve. Furthermore, the unique feature of Moreneis frustules is the raphe, which has both external central and apical endings bent in opposite directions. We differentiated four taxa, which we describe as new for science. However, based on our findings, several established species from Navicula should also be formally transferred to Moreneis, including N. alpha Cleve, N. besarensis Giffen, N. epsilon Cleve, N. menaiana Hendey, N. polae Heiden, and N. quadri-undulata F. Meister. Analysis of published data revealed that species belonging to Moreneis are numerous in tropical marine littoral waters, and in moderate climate zones, especially in the western Pacific, with only a few species occurring in the Mediterranean and Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoon Park
- School of Earth and Envrionmental Sciences (Oceanography), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of KoreaDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of KoreaBiwa Lake Museum, Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, JapanInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chul-Hwan Koh
- School of Earth and Envrionmental Sciences (Oceanography), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of KoreaDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of KoreaBiwa Lake Museum, Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, JapanInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Envrionmental Sciences (Oceanography), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of KoreaDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of KoreaBiwa Lake Museum, Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, JapanInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Taisuke Ohtsuka
- School of Earth and Envrionmental Sciences (Oceanography), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of KoreaDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of KoreaBiwa Lake Museum, Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, JapanInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- School of Earth and Envrionmental Sciences (Oceanography), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of KoreaDivision of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of KoreaBiwa Lake Museum, Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, JapanInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
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Launay JM, Mouillet-Richard S, Baudry A, Pietri M, Kellermann O. Raphe-mediated signals control the hippocampal response to SRI antidepressants via miR-16. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e56. [PMID: 22833211 PMCID: PMC3309472 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants such as fluoxetine (Prozac), promote hippocampal neurogenesis. They also increase the levels of the bcl-2 protein, whose overexpression in transgenic mice enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying SRI-mediated neurogenesis are unclear. Recently, we identified the microRNA miR-16 as an important effector of SRI antidepressant action in serotonergic raphe and noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC). We show here that miR-16 mediates adult neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus. Fluoxetine, acting on serotonergic raphe neurons, decreases the amount of miR-16 in the hippocampus, which in turn increases the levels of the serotonin transporter (SERT), the target of SRI, and that of bcl-2 and the number of cells positive for Doublecortin, a marker of neuronal maturation. Neutralization of miR-16 in the hippocampus further exerts an antidepressant-like effect in behavioral tests. The fluoxetine-induced hippocampal response is relayed, in part, by the neurotrophic factor S100β, secreted by raphe and acting via the LC. Fluoxetine-exposed serotonergic neurons also secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Wnt2 and 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. These molecules are unable to mimic on their own the action of fluoxetine and we show that they act synergistically to regulate miR-16 at the hippocampus. Of note, these signaling molecules are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients upon fluoxetine treatment. Thus, our results demonstrate that miR-16 mediates the action of fluoxetine by acting as a micromanager of hippocampal neurogenesis. They further clarify the signals and the pathways involved in the hippocampal response to fluoxetine, which may help refine therapeutic strategies to alleviate depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Launay
- AP-HP Service de Biochimie, Fondation FondaMental, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
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Narboux-Nême N, Sagné C, Doly S, Diaz SL, Martin CBP, Angenard G, Martres MP, Giros B, Hamon M, Lanfumey L, Gaspar P, Mongeau R. Severe serotonin depletion after conditional deletion of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene in serotonin neurons: neural and behavioral consequences. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:2538-50. [PMID: 21814181 PMCID: PMC3194080 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene (VMAT2) has a crucial role in the storage and synaptic release of all monoamines, including serotonin (5-HT). To evaluate the specific role of VMAT2 in 5-HT neurons, we produced a conditional ablation of VMAT2 under control of the serotonin transporter (slc6a4) promoter. VMAT2(sert-cre) mice showed a major (-95%) depletion of 5-HT levels in the brain with no major alterations in other monoamines. Raphe neurons contained no 5-HT immunoreactivity in VMAT2(sert-cre) mice but developed normal innervations, as assessed by both tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and 5-HT transporter labeling. Increased 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor coupling to G protein, as assessed with agonist-stimulated [(35)S]GTP-γ-S binding, was observed in the raphe area, indicating an adaptive change to reduced 5-HT transmission. Behavioral evaluation in adult VMAT2(sert-cre) mice showed an increase in escape-like reactions in response to tail suspension and anxiolytic-like response in the novelty-suppressed feeding test. In an aversive ultrasound-induced defense paradigm, VMAT2(sert-cre) mice displayed a major increase in escape-like behaviors. Wild-type-like defense phenotype could be rescued by replenishing intracellular 5-HT stores with chronic pargyline (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) treatment. Pargyline also allowed some form of 5-HT release, although in reduced amounts, in synaptosomes from VMAT2(sert-cre) mouse brain. These findings are coherent with the notion that 5-HT has an important role in anxiety, and provide new insights into the role of endogenous 5-HT in defense behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Narboux-Nême
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France,Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Sagné
- CNRS UMR8192-Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Doly
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France,Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Silvina L Diaz
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France,Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Cédric B P Martin
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM, U894, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Angenard
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France,Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Martres
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM, U952, Paris, France,CNRS UMR7224, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Giros
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM, U952, Paris, France,CNRS UMR7224, Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michel Hamon
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM, U894, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM, U894, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Gaspar
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France,Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM UMR-S 839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France, Tel: +331 45 87 61 11, Fax: +331 45 87 61 30, E-mail :
| | - Raymond Mongeau
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM, U894, Paris, France
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