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Hayashi K, Lesnak JB, Plumb AN, Janowski AJ, Smith AF, Hill JK, Sluka KA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to activity-induced muscle pain in male but not female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:471-487. [PMID: 38925417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Activity-induced muscle pain increases interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release from muscle macrophages and the development of hyperalgesia is prevented by blockade of IL-1β in muscle. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released from sensory neurons in response to IL-1β and mediates both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Thus, we hypothesize that in activity-induced pain, fatigue metabolites combined with IL-1β activate sensory neurons to increase BDNF release, peripherally in muscle and centrally in the spinal dorsal horn, to produce hyperalgesia. We tested the effect of intrathecal or intramuscular injection of BDNF-Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) inhibitors, ANA-12 or TrkB-Fc, on development of activity-induced pain. Both inhibitors prevented the hyperalgesia when given before or 24hr after induction of the model in male but not female mice. BDNF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein were significantly increased in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) 24hr after induction of the model in both male and female mice. Blockade of IL-1β in muscle had no effect on the increased BNDF mRNA observed in the activity-induced pain model, while IL-1β applied to cultured DRG significantly induced BDNF expression, suggesting IL-1β is sufficient but not necessary to induce BNDF. Thus, fatigue metabolites, combined with IL-1β, upregulate BDNF in primary DRG neurons in both male and female mice, but contribute to activity-induced pain only in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joseph B Lesnak
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ashley N Plumb
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adam J Janowski
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Angela F Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joslyn K Hill
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Merighi A. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nociception, and Pain. Biomolecules 2024; 14:539. [PMID: 38785946 PMCID: PMC11118093 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This article examines the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the control of nociception and pain. BDNF, a neurotrophin known for its essential role in neuronal survival and plasticity, has garnered significant attention for its potential implications as a modulator of synaptic transmission. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the multifaceted interactions between BDNF and pain pathways, encompassing both physiological and pathological pain conditions. I delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying BDNF's involvement in pain processing and discuss potential therapeutic applications of BDNF and its mimetics in managing pain. Furthermore, I highlight recent advancements and challenges in translating BDNF-related research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy
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Li Q, Liu S, Zheng T, Li M, Qi B, Zhou L, Liu B, Ma D, Zhao C, Chen Z. Grafted human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells combined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells contribute to functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38321505 PMCID: PMC10848469 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that causes extensive damage to oligodendrocytes and neurons leading to demyelination and axonal degeneration. In this study, we co-transplanted cell grafts containing oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) combined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were reported to promote OPCs survival and migration, into rat contusion models to promote functional recovery after SCI. METHODS OPCs were derived from iPSCs and identified by immunofluorescence at different time points. Functional assays in vitro were performed to evaluate the effect of HUVECs on the proliferation, migration, and survival of OPCs by co-culture and migration assay, as well as on the neuronal axonal growth. A combination of OPCs and HUVECs was transplanted into the rat contusive model. Upon 8 weeks, immunofluorescence staining was performed to test the safety of transplanted cells and to observe the neuronal repairment, myelination, and neural circuit reconstruction at the injured area; also, the functional recovery was assessed by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open-field scale, Ladder climb, SEP, and MEP. Furthermore, the effect of HUVECs on grafts was also determined in vivo. RESULTS Data showed that HUVECs promote the proliferation, migration, and survival of OPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, 8 weeks upon engraftment, the rats with OPCs and HUVECs co-transplantation noticeably facilitated remyelination, enhanced functional connection between the grafts and the host and promoted functional recovery. In addition, compared with the OPCs-alone transplantation, the co-transplantation generated more sensory neurons at the lesion border and significantly improved the sensory functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that transplantation of OPCs combined with HUVECs significantly enhances both motor and sensory functional recovery after SCI. No significance was observed between OPCs combined with HUVECs group and OPCs-alone group in motor function recovery, while the sensory function recovery was significantly promoted in OPCs combined with HUVECs groups compared with the other two groups. These findings provide novel insights into the field of SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sumei Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianqi Zheng
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mo Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Boling Qi
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bochao Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Niu C, Yue X, An JJ, Bass R, Xu H, Xu B. Genetic Dissection of BDNF and TrkB Expression in Glial Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:91. [PMID: 38254691 PMCID: PMC10813193 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) are widely expressed in the central nervous system. It is well documented that neurons express BDNF and full-length TrkB (TrkB.FL) as well as a lower level of truncated TrkB (TrkB.T). However, there are conflicting reports regarding the expression of BDNF and TrkB in glial cells, particularly microglia. In this study, we employed a sensitive and reliable genetic method to characterize the expression of BDNF and TrkB in glial cells in the mouse brain. We utilized three Cre mouse strains in which Cre recombinase is expressed in the same cells as BDNF, TrkB.FL, or all TrkB isoforms, and crossed them to Cre-dependent reporter mice to label BDNF- or TrkB-expressing cells with soma-localized EGFP. We performed immunohistochemistry with glial cell markers to examine the expression of BDNF and TrkB in microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Surprisingly, we found no BDNF- or TrkB-expressing microglia in examined CNS regions, including the somatomotor cortex, hippocampal CA1, and spinal cord. Consistent with previous studies, most astrocytes only express TrkB.T in the hippocampus of adult brains. Moreover, there are a small number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes that express BDNF in the hippocampus, the function of which is to be determined. We also found that oligodendrocyte precursor cells, but not mature oligodendrocytes, express both TrkB.FL and TrkB.T in the hippocampus of adult mice. These results not only clarify the expression of BDNF and TrkB in glial cells but also open opportunities to investigate previously unidentified roles of BDNF and TrkB in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.N.); (X.Y.); (J.J.A.); (R.B.); (H.X.)
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Xinpei Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.N.); (X.Y.); (J.J.A.); (R.B.); (H.X.)
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Juan Ji An
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.N.); (X.Y.); (J.J.A.); (R.B.); (H.X.)
| | - Robert Bass
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.N.); (X.Y.); (J.J.A.); (R.B.); (H.X.)
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.N.); (X.Y.); (J.J.A.); (R.B.); (H.X.)
| | - Baoji Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (C.N.); (X.Y.); (J.J.A.); (R.B.); (H.X.)
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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Jang K, Garraway SM. A review of dorsal root ganglia and primary sensory neuron plasticity mediating inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 15:100151. [PMID: 38314104 PMCID: PMC10837099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2024.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a sensory state resulting from complex integration of peripheral nociceptive inputs and central processing. Pain consists of adaptive pain that is acute and beneficial for healing and maladaptive pain that is often persistent and pathological. Pain is indeed heterogeneous, and can be expressed as nociceptive, inflammatory, or neuropathic in nature. Neuropathic pain is an example of maladaptive pain that occurs after spinal cord injury (SCI), which triggers a wide range of neural plasticity. The nociceptive processing that underlies pain hypersensitivity is well-studied in the spinal cord. However, recent investigations show maladaptive plasticity that leads to pain, including neuropathic pain after SCI, also exists at peripheral sites, such as the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons. This review discusses the important role DRGs play in nociceptive processing that underlies inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Specifically, it highlights nociceptor hyperexcitability as critical to increased pain states. Furthermore, it reviews prior literature on glutamate and glutamate receptors, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in the DRG as important contributors to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We previously reviewed BDNF's role as a bidirectional neuromodulator of spinal plasticity. Here, we shift focus to the periphery and discuss BDNF-TrkB expression on nociceptors, non-nociceptor sensory neurons, and non-neuronal cells in the periphery as a potential contributor to induction and persistence of pain after SCI. Overall, this review presents a comprehensive evaluation of large bodies of work that individually focus on pain, DRG, BDNF, and SCI, to understand their interaction in nociceptive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongran Jang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sandra M. Garraway
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Hayashi K, Lesnak JB, Plumb AN, Janowski AJ, Smith AF, Hill JK, Sluka KA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to activity-induced muscle pain in male but not female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.565022. [PMID: 37961342 PMCID: PMC10635076 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.565022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Activity-induced muscle pain increases release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in muscle macrophages and the development of pain is prevented by blockade of IL-1β. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released from sensory neurons in response to IL-1β and mediates both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Thus, we hypothesized that metabolites released during fatiguing muscle contractions activate macrophages to release IL-1β, which subsequently activate sensory neurons to secrete BDNF. To test this hypothesis, we used an animal model of activity-induced pain induced by repeated intramuscular acidic saline injections combined with fatiguing muscle contractions. Intrathecal or intramuscular injection of inhibitors of BDNF-Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling, ANA-12 or TrkB-Fc, reduced the decrease in muscle withdrawal thresholds in male, but not in female, mice when given before or 24hr after, but not 1 week after induction of the model. BDNF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was significantly increased in L4-L6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG), but not the spinal dorsal horn or gastrocnemius muscle, 24hr after induction of the model in either male or female mice. No changes in TrkB mRNA or p75 neurotrophin receptor mRNA were observed. BDNF protein expression via immunohistochemistry was significantly increased in L4-L6 spinal dorsal horn and retrogradely labelled muscle afferent DRG neurons, at 24hr after induction of the model in both sexes. In cultured DRG, fatigue metabolites combined with IL-1β significantly increased BDNF expression in both sexes. In summary, fatigue metabolites release, combined with IL-1β, BDNF from primary DRG neurons and contribute to activity-induced muscle pain only in males, while there were no sex differences in the changes in expression observed in BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph B. Lesnak
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ashley N. Plumb
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adam J. Janowski
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Angela F. Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joslyn K. Hill
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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7
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Alkon N, Assen FP, Arnoldner T, Bauer WM, Medjimorec MA, Shaw LE, Rindler K, Holzer G, Weber P, Weninger W, Freystätter C, Chennareddy S, Kinaciyan T, Farlik M, Jonak C, Griss J, Bangert C, Brunner PM. Single-cell RNA sequencing defines disease-specific differences between chronic nodular prurigo and atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:420-435. [PMID: 37210042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic nodular prurigo (CNPG) is an inflammatory skin disease that is maintained by a chronic itch-scratch cycle likely rooted in neuroimmunological dysregulation. This condition may be associated with atopy in some patients, and there are now promising therapeutic results from blocking type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to improve the understanding of pathomechanisms underlying CNPG as well as molecular relationships between CNPG and atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS We profiled skin lesions from patients with CNPG in comparison with AD and healthy control individuals using single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T-cell receptor sequencing. RESULTS We found type 2 immune skewing in both CNPG and AD, as evidenced by CD4+ helper T cells expressing IL13. However, only AD harbored an additional, oligoclonally expanded CD8A+IL9R+IL13+ cytotoxic T-cell population, and immune activation pathways were highly upregulated in AD, but less so in CNPG. Conversely, CNPG showed signatures of extracellular matrix organization, collagen synthesis, and fibrosis, including a unique population of CXCL14-IL24+ secretory papillary fibroblasts. Besides known itch mediators such as IL31 and oncostatin M, we also detected increased levels of neuromedin B in fibroblasts of CNPG lesions compared with AD and HC, with neuromedin B receptors detectable on some nerve endings. CONCLUSIONS These data show that CNPG does not harbor the strong disease-specific immune activation pathways that are typically found in AD but is rather characterized by upregulated stromal remodeling mechanisms that might have a direct impact on itch fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank P Assen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Arnoldner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang M Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco A Medjimorec
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Rindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Holzer
- Department of Dermatology, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Freystätter
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sumanth Chennareddy
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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8
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Niu C, Yue X, An JJ, Xu H, Xu B. Genetic dissection of BDNF and TrkB expression in glial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.549007. [PMID: 37503044 PMCID: PMC10370033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.549007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) are widely expressed in the central nervous system. It is well documented that neurons express BDNF and full-length TrkB (TrkB.FL), and a lower level of truncated TrkB (TrkB.T). With conflicting results, glial cells also have been reported to express BDNF and TrkB. In the current study, we employed a more sensitive and reliable genetic method to characterize the expression of BDNF and TrkB in glial cells in the mouse brain. We utilized three Cre mouse strains in which Cre recombinase is expressed in the same cells as BDNF, TrkB.FL, or all TrkB isoforms, and crossed them to Cre-dependent EGFP reporter mice to label BDNF- or TrkB- expressing cells. We performed immunohistochemistry with glial cell markers to examine the expression of BDNF and TrkB in microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Surprisingly, we found no BDNF- or TrkB- expressing microglia in the brain and spinal cord. Consistent with previous studies, most astrocytes only express TrkB.T in the adult brain. Moreover, there are a small number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes that express BDNF, the function of which is to be determined. We also found that oligodendrocyte precursor cells, but not mature oligodendrocytes, express both TrkB.FL and TrkB.T in the adult brain. These results not only clarify the expression of BDNF and TrkB in glial cells, but also open opportunities to investigate previously unidentified roles of BDNF and TrkB in glial cells.
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9
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Pan J, Zhao Y, Sang R, Yang R, Bao J, Wu Y, Fei Y, Wu J, Chen G. Huntington-associated protein 1 inhibition contributes to neuropathic pain by suppressing Cav1.2 activity and attenuating inflammation. Pain 2023; 164:e286-e302. [PMID: 36508175 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although pain dysfunction is increasingly observed in Huntington disease, the underlying mechanisms still unknown. As a crucial Huntington-associated protein, Huntington-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is enriched in normal spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) which are regarded as "primary sensory center," indicating its potential functions in pain process. Here, we discovered that HAP1 level was greatly increased in the dorsal horn and DRG under acute and chronic pain conditions. Lack of HAP1 obviously suppressed mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia in spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced and chronic constriction injury-induced pain. Its deficiency also greatly inhibited the excitability of nociceptive neurons. Interestingly, we found that suppressing HAP1 level diminished the membrane expression of the L-type calcium channel (Cav1.2), which can regulate Ca 2+ influx and then influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis and release. Furthermore, SNI-induced activation of astrocytes and microglia notably decreased in HAP1-deficient mice. These results indicate that HAP1 deficiency might attenuate pain responses. Collectively, our results suggest that HAP1 in dorsal horn and DRG neurons regulates Cav1.2 surface expression, which in turn reduces neuronal excitability, BDNF secretion, and inflammatory responses and ultimately influences neuropathic pain progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingYing Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - YaYu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Sang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - RiYun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - JingYin Bao
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - YongJiang Wu
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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10
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Sánchez-Sánchez J, Vicente-García C, Cañada-García D, Martín-Zanca D, Arévalo JC. ARMS/Kidins220 regulates nociception by controlling brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion. Pain 2023; 164:563-576. [PMID: 35916735 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is an alarm mechanism to prevent body damage in response to noxious stimuli. The nerve growth factor (NGF)/TrkA axis plays an essential role as pain mediator, and several clinical trials using antibodies against NGF have yielded promising results, but side effects have precluded their clinical approval. A better understanding of the mechanism of NGF/TrkA-mediated nociception is needed. Here, we find that ARMS/Kidins220, a scaffold protein for Trk receptors, is a modulator of nociception. Male mice, with ARMS/Kidins220 reduction exclusively in TrkA-expressing cells, displayed hyperalgesia to heat, inflammatory, and capsaicin stimuli, but not to cold or mechanical stimuli. Simultaneous deletion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reversed the effects of ARMS/Kidins220 knock down alone. Mechanistically, ARMS/Kidins220 levels are reduced in vitro and in vivo in response to capsaicin through calpains, and this reduction leads to enhanced regulated BDNF secretion from dorsal root ganglion. Altogether, these data indicate that ARMS/Kidins220 protein levels have a role as a pain modulator in the NGF/TrkA axis regulating BDNF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Vicente-García
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Cañada-García
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dionisio Martín-Zanca
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Arévalo
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Honey D, Wosnitzka E, Klann E, Weinhard L. Analysis of microglial BDNF function and expression in the motor cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:961276. [PMID: 36726454 PMCID: PMC9885322 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.961276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that regulates several aspects of brain function. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the expression and function of BDNF in neurons, its expression in microglia remains controversial. Using a combination of genetic tools and fluorescence imaging, we analyzed BDNF expression patterns and investigated the effect of microglial Bdnf deletion on neuronal activity, early-stage spine formation, and microglia-neuron attraction in the motor cortex. We did not detect BDNF expression in microglia at the transcriptional or translational level, in physiological or pathological conditions, and none of the assessed neuronal functions were found to be affected in conditional Bdnf knockout mice. Our results suggest that microglia do not express BDNF in sufficient amounts to modulate neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Honey
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin Wosnitzka
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland,Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laetitia Weinhard
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Laetitia Weinhard
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12
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Martin KK, Noble DJ, Parvin S, Jang K, Garraway SM. Pharmacogenetic inhibition of TrkB signaling in adult mice attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity and improves locomotor function after spinal cord injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:987236. [PMID: 36226073 PMCID: PMC9548551 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.987236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signals through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), to exert various types of plasticity. The exact involvement of BDNF and TrkB in neuropathic pain states after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unresolved. This study utilized transgenic TrkBF616 mice to examine the effect of pharmacogenetic inhibition of TrkB signaling, induced by treatment with 1NM-PP1 (1NMP) in drinking water for 5 days, on formalin-induced inflammatory pain, pain hypersensitivity, and locomotor dysfunction after thoracic spinal contusion. We also examined TrkB, ERK1/2, and pERK1/2 expression in the lumbar spinal cord and trunk skin. The results showed that formalin-induced pain responses were robustly attenuated in 1NMP-treated mice. Weekly assessment of tactile sensitivity with the von Frey test showed that treatment with 1NMP immediately after SCI blocked the development of mechanical hypersensitivity up to 4 weeks post-SCI. Contrastingly, when treatment started 2 weeks after SCI, 1NMP reversibly and partially attenuated hind-paw hypersensitivity. Locomotor scores were significantly improved in the early-treated 1NMP mice compared to late-treated or vehicle-treated SCI mice. 1NMP treatment attenuated SCI-induced increases in TrkB and pERK1/2 levels in the lumbar cord but failed to exert similar effects in the trunk skin. These results suggest that early onset TrkB signaling after SCI contributes to maladaptive plasticity that leads to spinal pain hypersensitivity and impaired locomotor function.
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13
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Hiroki T, Suto T, Ohta J, Saito S, Obata H. Spinal γ-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Plasticity Is Involved in the Reduced Analgesic Effects of Morphine on Neuropathic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:547-557. [PMID: 34678470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of morphine increases serotonin (5-HT) in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), which attenuates the analgesic effects of morphine on neuropathic pain through spinal 5-HT3 receptors. We hypothesized that dysfunction of the descending serotonergic system, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG), contributes to attenuate the efficacy of morphine on neuropathic pain through spinal 5-HT3 receptors and GABA neurons. Morphine (100 ng) injected into the PAG produced analgesic effects in normal rats, but not in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats. In vivo microdialysis showed that PAG morphine increased the SDH 5-HT concentration in both groups. Intrathecal injection of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron and the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline attenuated the analgesic effects of PAG morphine in normal rats, but increased the effects in SNL rats. The increased analgesic effect of PAG morphine induced by bicuculline was reversed by pretreatment with the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist K252a. Activation of spinal 5-HT3 receptors by 2-methyl-5-HT increased the GABA concentration in both groups. Morphine activates GABAergic interneurons in the SDH by activating descending serotonergic neurons. Functional changes in GABAA receptors from inhibitory to facilitatory through the activation of TrkB receptors may contribute to the attenuated efficacy of morphine against neuropathic pain. PERSPECTIVE: Although morphine provides strong analgesia against acute pain, it has limited efficacy against neuropathic pain. This article demonstrates that functional changes in GABAA receptors in the spinal dorsal horn after nerve injury might strongly contribute to the attenuation of opioid-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanao Hiroki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Takashi Suto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Jo Ohta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Obata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
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14
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma-released brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to oral cancer pain by peripheral tropomyosin receptor kinase B activation. Pain 2022; 163:496-507. [PMID: 34321412 PMCID: PMC8678394 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Oral cancer pain is debilitating and understanding mechanisms for it is critical to develop novel treatment strategies treatment strategies. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is elevated in oral tumor biopsies and is involved with tumor progression. Whether BDNF signaling in oral tumors contributes to cancer-induced pain is not known. The current study evaluates a novel peripheral role of BDNF-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in oral cancer pain. Using human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and an orthotopic mouse tongue cancer pain model, we found that BDNF levels were upregulated in superfusates and lysates of tumor tongues and that BDNF was expressed by OSCC cells themselves. Moreover, neutralization of BDNF or inhibition of TrkB activity by ANA12, within the tumor-bearing tongue reversed tumor-induced pain-like behaviors in a sex-dependent manner. Oral squamous cell carcinoma conditioned media also produced pain-like behaviors in naïve male mice that was reversed by local injection of ANA12. On a physiological level, using single-fiber tongue-nerve electrophysiology, we found that acutely blocking TrkB receptors reversed tumor-induced mechanical sensitivity of A-slow high threshold mechanoreceptors. Furthermore, single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data of retrogradely labeled lingual neurons demonstrated expression of full-form TrkB and truncated TrkB in distinct neuronal subtypes. Last but not the least, intra-TG siRNA for TrkB also reversed tumor-induced orofacial pain behaviors. Our data suggest that TrkB activities on lingual sensory afferents are partly controlled by local release of OSCC-derived BDNF, thereby contributing to oral cancer pain. This is a novel finding and the first demonstration of a peripheral role for BDNF signaling in oral cancer pain.
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15
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Wistrom E, Chase R, Smith PR, Campbell ZT. A compendium of validated pain genes. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1570. [PMID: 35760453 PMCID: PMC9787016 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel pain therapeutics hinges on the identification and rigorous validation of potential targets. Model organisms provide a means to test the involvement of specific genes and regulatory elements in pain. Here we provide a list of genes linked to pain-associated behaviors. We capitalize on results spanning over three decades to identify a set of 242 genes. They support a remarkable diversity of functions spanning action potential propagation, immune response, GPCR signaling, enzymatic catalysis, nucleic acid regulation, and intercellular signaling. Making use of existing tissue and single-cell high-throughput RNA sequencing datasets, we examine their patterns of expression. For each gene class, we discuss archetypal members, with an emphasis on opportunities for additional experimentation. Finally, we discuss how powerful and increasingly ubiquitous forward genetic screening approaches could be used to improve our ability to identify pain genes. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wistrom
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Patrick R. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Zachary T. Campbell
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA,Center for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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16
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Silva NR, Gomes FIF, Lopes AHP, Cortez IL, Dos Santos JC, Silva CEA, Mechoulam R, Gomes FV, Cunha TM, Guimarães FS. The Cannabidiol Analog PECS-101 Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain via PPARγ Receptors. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:434-449. [PMID: 34904193 PMCID: PMC9130439 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the main dose-limiting adverse effect of chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX). PTX causes marked molecular and cellular damage, mainly in the peripheral nervous system, including sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Several studies have shown the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic compound found in the Cannabis plant, to treat peripheral neuropathies. Here, we investigated the efficacy of PECS-101 (former HUF-101), a CBD fluorinated analog, on PTX-induced neuropathic pain in mice. PECS-101, administered after the end of treatment with PTX, did not reverse mechanical allodynia. However, PECS-101 (1 mg/kg) administered along with PTX treatment caused a long-lasting relief of the mechanical and cold allodynia. These effects were blocked by a PPARγ, but not CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists. Notably, the effects of PECS-101 on the relief of PTX-induced mechanical and cold allodynia were not found in macrophage-specific PPARγ-deficient mice. PECS-101 also decreased PTX-induced increase in Tnf, Il6, and Aif1 (Iba-1) gene expression in the DRGs and the loss of intra-epidermal nerve fibers. PECS-101 did not alter motor coordination, produce tolerance, or show abuse potential. In addition, PECS-101 did not interfere with the chemotherapeutic effects of PTX. Thus, PECS-101, a new fluorinated CBD analog, could represent a novel therapeutic alternative to prevent mechanical and cold allodynia induced by PTX potentially through the activation of PPARγ in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Isadora Lopes Cortez
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Conceição Elidianne Aníbal Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Hebrew University Medical Faculty, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Felipe Villela Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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17
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Lebonvallet N, Fluhr JW, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Leschiera R, Talagas M, Reux A, Bataille A, Brun C, Oddos T, Pennec JP, Carré JL, Misery L. A re-innervated in vitro skin model of non-histaminergic itch and skin neurogenic inflammation: PAR2-, TRPV1- and TRPA1-agonist induced functionality. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e66. [PMID: 35663777 PMCID: PMC9060135 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin, and epidermis, is innervated by sensory nerve fibres. Interactions between them and signal transduction are only partially elucidated in physiological/pathological conditions, especially in pruritus. Objectives To study the mechanisms involved in pruritus in vitro, we developed a skin explant model re‐innervated by sensory neurons. Methods This model is based on the co‐culture of human skin explants and sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia of rats. Innervation and the expression of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin one (TRPA1) was analysed by immunostaining. The response of the model to TRPV1, PAR2 and TRPA1 agonists was analysed by patch‐clamp, qPCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results After 5 days of re‐innervating nerve fibres was evidenced in the epidermis. Re‐innervation was correlated with decrease of epidermal thickness and the number of apoptotic cells in the tissue. The major actors of non‐histaminergic itch (PAR‐2, thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP], TSLP‐R, TRPA1 and TRPV1) were expressed in neurons and/or epidermal cells of skin explants. After topical exposure of TRPV1‐(Capsaicin), TRPA1‐(Polygodial) and PAR2‐agonist (SLIGKV‐NH2) activation of reinnervating neurons could be shown in patch‐clamp analysis. The release of TSLP was increased with capsaicin or SLIGKV but decreased with polygodial. Release of CGRP was increased by capsaicin and polygodial but decreased with SLIGKV. Activation by SLIGKV showed a decrease of VEGF; polygodial induced an increase of TSLP, Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and nerve growth factor and capsaicin lead to a decrease of sema3 and TNF expression. Conclusion The present model is suitable for studying itch and neurogenic inflammation pathways in vitro. We observed that activation of TRPV1, TRPA1 and PAR‐2 leads to different response profiles in re‐innervated skin explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lebonvallet
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - J W Fluhr
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France.,Department of Dermatology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - C Le Gall-Ianotto
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - R Leschiera
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - M Talagas
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - A Reux
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - A Bataille
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - C Brun
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France Val de Reuil France
| | - T Oddos
- Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France Val de Reuil France
| | - J-P Pennec
- Optimisation des Régulations PHYsiologiques Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - J-L Carré
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
| | - L Misery
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums Neurones Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
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18
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Sapio MR, Kim JJ, Loydpierson AJ, Maric D, Goto T, Vazquez FA, Dougherty MK, Narasimhan R, Muhly WT, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ. The Persistent Pain Transcriptome: Identification of Cells and Molecules Activated by Hyperalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:1146-1179. [PMID: 33892151 PMCID: PMC9441406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During persistent pain, the dorsal spinal cord responds to painful inputs from the site of injury, but the molecular modulatory processes have not been comprehensively examined. Using transcriptomics and multiplex in situ hybridization, we identified the most highly regulated receptors and signaling molecules in rat dorsal spinal cord in peripheral inflammatory and post-surgical incisional pain models. We examined a time course of the response including acute (2 hours) and longer term (2 day) time points after peripheral injury representing the early onset and instantiation of hyperalgesic processes. From this analysis, we identify a key population of superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons marked by somatotopic upregulation of the opioid neuropeptide precursor prodynorphin, and 2 receptors: the neurokinin 1 receptor, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. These alterations occur specifically in the glutamatergic subpopulation of superficial dynorphinergic neurons. In addition to specific neuronal gene regulation, both models showed induction of broad transcriptional signatures for tissue remodeling, synaptic rearrangement, and immune signaling defined by complement and interferon induction. These signatures were predominantly induced ipsilateral to tissue injury, implying linkage to primary afferent drive. We present a comprehensive set of gene regulatory events across 2 models that can be targeted for the development of non-opioid analgesics. PERSPECTIVE: The deadly impact of the opioid crisis and the need to replace morphine and other opioids in clinical practice is well recognized. Embedded within this research is an overarching goal of obtaining foundational knowledge from transcriptomics to search for non-opioid analgesic targets. Developing such analgesics would address unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jenny J Kim
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amelia J Loydpierson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taichi Goto
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fernando A Vazquez
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary K Dougherty
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Radhika Narasimhan
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wallis T Muhly
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Genetic priming of sensory neurons in mice that overexpress PAR2 enhances allergen responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021386118. [PMID: 33602818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021386118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is a common symptom of inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Although primary sensory neurons that transmit pruritic signals are well-cataloged, little is known about the neuronal alterations that occur as a result of skin disruption in AD. To address this question, we examined the molecular and behavioral consequences of challenging Grhl3 PAR2/+ mice, which overexpress PAR2 in suprabasal keratinocytes, with serial topical application of the environmental allergen house dust mite (HDM). We monitored behavior and used RNA sequencing, qPCR, and in situ hybridization to evaluate gene expression in trigeminal ganglia (TG), before and after HDM. We found that neither Grhl3 PAR2/+ nor wild-type (WT) mice exhibited spontaneous scratching, and pruritogen-induced acute scratching did not differ. In contrast, HDM exacerbated scratching in Grhl3 PAR2/+ mice. Despite the absence of scratching in untreated Grhl3 PAR2/+ mice, several TG genes in these mice were up-regulated compared to WT. HDM treatment of the Grhl3 PAR2/+ mice enhanced up-regulation of this set of genes and induced additional genes, many within the subset of TG neurons that express TRPV1. The same set of genes was up-regulated in HDM-treated Grhl3 PAR2/+ mice that did not scratch, but at lesser magnitude. Finally, we recorded comparable transcriptional changes in IL31Tg mice, demonstrating that a common genetic program is induced in two AD models. Taken together, we conclude that transcriptional changes that occur in primary sensory neurons in dermatitis-susceptible animals underlie a genetic priming that not only sensitizes the animal to chronic allergens but also contributes to pruritus in atopic skin disease.
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20
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Pierre O, Fouchard M, Le Goux N, Buscaglia P, Leschiera R, Lewis RJ, Mignen O, Fluhr JW, Misery L, Le Garrec R. Pacific-Ciguatoxin-2 and Brevetoxin-1 Induce the Sensitization of Sensory Receptors Mediating Pain and Pruritus in Sensory Neurons. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:387. [PMID: 34356812 PMCID: PMC8306505 DOI: 10.3390/md19070387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning syndromes are induced by the consumption of seafood contaminated by ciguatoxins and brevetoxins. Both toxins cause sensory symptoms such as paresthesia, cold dysesthesia and painful disorders. An intense pruritus, which may become chronic, occurs also in CFP. No curative treatment is available and the pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. Here we conducted single-cell calcium video-imaging experiments in sensory neurons from newborn rats to study in vitro the ability of Pacific-ciguatoxin-2 (P-CTX-2) and brevetoxin-1 (PbTx-1) to sensitize receptors and ion channels, (i.e., to increase the percentage of responding cells and/or the response amplitude to their pharmacological agonists). In addition, we studied the neurotrophin release in sensory neurons co-cultured with keratinocytes after exposure to P-CTX-2. Our results show that P-CTX-2 induced the sensitization of TRPA1, TRPV4, PAR2, MrgprC, MrgprA and TTX-r NaV channels in sensory neurons. P-CTX-2 increased the release of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the co-culture supernatant, suggesting that those neurotrophins could contribute to the sensitization of the aforementioned receptors and channels. Our results suggest the potential role of sensitization of sensory receptors/ion channels in the induction or persistence of sensory disturbances in CFP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Pierre
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (LIEN), University of Brest, EA4685, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Maxime Fouchard
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (LIEN), University of Brest, EA4685, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Nelig Le Goux
- Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Brest, Inserm, UMR1227, F-29200 Brest, France; (N.L.G.); (P.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Paul Buscaglia
- Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Brest, Inserm, UMR1227, F-29200 Brest, France; (N.L.G.); (P.B.); (O.M.)
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Fraternal Order of Eagle Diabetes Research Center, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Raphaël Leschiera
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (LIEN), University of Brest, EA4685, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Olivier Mignen
- Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Brest, Inserm, UMR1227, F-29200 Brest, France; (N.L.G.); (P.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (LIEN), University of Brest, EA4685, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Universitaetsmedizin Charité Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent Misery
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (LIEN), University of Brest, EA4685, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaële Le Garrec
- Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (LIEN), University of Brest, EA4685, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
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21
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Epigenetic modification of BDNF mediates neuropathic pain via miR-30a-3p/EP300 axis in CCI rats. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226778. [PMID: 33103739 PMCID: PMC7670569 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigation of microRNAs on chronic pain has developed a breakthrough in neuropathic pain management. In the present study, decreased expression of miR-30a-3p was reported using qRT-PCR analysis and loss of miR-30a-3p promoted neuropathic pain progression in sciatic nerve chronic constrictive injury rats through determining the pain threshold. We predicted miR-30a-3p could target E-cadherin transcriptional activator (EP300) via bioinformatics analysis. Meanwhile, we found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neuropathic pain. Here, we exhibited that EP300 epigenetically up-regulated BDNF via enhancing acetylated histone H3 and H4 on the promoter. For another, miR-30a-3p was able to modify the level of BDNF and acetylated histone H3 and H4. Loss of miR-30a-3p enhanced EP300 and BDNF colocalization in CCI rats. Subsequently, it was shown that increased EP300 induced neuropathic pain by an enhancement of neuronal BDNF level in vivo. To sum up, it was revealed that epigenetic modification of BDNF promoted neuropathic pain via EP300 induced by miR-30a-3p in CCI rats.
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22
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Sensory neuron-associated macrophages as novel modulators of neuropathic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e873. [PMID: 33981924 PMCID: PMC8108583 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system comprises an infinity of neural networks that act in the communication between the central nervous system and the most diverse tissues of the body. Along with the extension of the primary sensory neurons (axons and cell bodies), a population of resident macrophages has been described. These newly called sensory neuron-associated macrophages (sNAMs) seem to play an essential role in physiological and pathophysiological processes, including infection, autoimmunity, nerve degeneration/regeneration, and chronic neuropathic pain. After different types of peripheral nerve injury, there is an increase in the number and activation of sNAMs in the sciatic nerve and sensory ganglia. The activation of sNAMs and their participation in neuropathic pain development depends on the stimulation of pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors, chemokines/cytokines, and microRNAs. On activation, sNAMs trigger the production of critical inflammatory mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines (eg, TNF and IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species that can act in the amplification of primary sensory neurons sensitization. On the other hand, there is evidence that sNAMs can produce antinociceptive mediators (eg, IL-10) that counteract neuropathic pain development. This review will present the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the participation of sNAMs in peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain development. Understanding how sNAMs are activated and responding to nerve injury can help set novel targets for the control of neuropathic pain.
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23
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Ferrini F, Salio C, Boggio EM, Merighi A. Interplay of BDNF and GDNF in the Mature Spinal Somatosensory System and Its Potential Therapeutic Relevance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1225-1245. [PMID: 33200712 PMCID: PMC8719296 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666201116143422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factors BDNF and GDNF are gaining more and more attention as modulators of synaptic transmission in the mature central nervous system (CNS). The two molecules undergo a regulated secretion in neurons and may be anterogradely transported to terminals where they can positively or negatively modulate fast synaptic transmission. There is today a wide consensus on the role of BDNF as a pro-nociceptive modulator, as the neurotrophin has an important part in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory, chronic, and/or neuropathic pain at the peripheral and central level. At the spinal level, BDNF intervenes in the regulation of chloride equilibrium potential, decreases the excitatory synaptic drive to inhibitory neurons, with complex changes in GABAergic/glycinergic synaptic transmission, and increases excitatory transmission in the superficial dorsal horn. Differently from BDNF, the role of GDNF still remains to be unraveled in full. This review resumes the current literature on the interplay between BDNF and GDNF in the regulation of nociceptive neurotransmission in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We will first discuss the circuitries involved in such a regulation, as well as the reciprocal interactions between the two factors in nociceptive pathways. The development of small molecules specifically targeting BDNF, GDNF and/or downstream effectors is opening new perspectives for investigating these neurotrophic factors as modulators of nociceptive transmission and chronic pain. Therefore, we will finally consider the molecules of (potential) pharmacological relevance for tackling normal and pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena M. Boggio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience, Grugliasco, Italy
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24
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Tran EL, Crawford LK. Revisiting PNS Plasticity: How Uninjured Sensory Afferents Promote Neuropathic Pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:612982. [PMID: 33362476 PMCID: PMC7759741 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.612982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread study of how injured nerves contribute to chronic pain, there are still major gaps in our understanding of pain mechanisms. This is particularly true of pain resulting from nerve injury, or neuropathic pain, wherein tactile or thermal stimuli cause painful responses that are particularly difficult to treat with existing therapies. Curiously, this stimulus-driven pain relies upon intact, uninjured sensory neurons that transmit the signals that are ultimately sensed as painful. Studies that interrogate uninjured neurons in search of cell-specific mechanisms have shown that nerve injury alters intact, uninjured neurons resulting in an activity that drives stimulus-evoked pain. This review of neuropathic pain mechanisms summarizes cell-type-specific pathology of uninjured sensory neurons and the sensory ganglia that house their cell bodies. Uninjured neurons have demonstrated a wide range of molecular and neurophysiologic changes, many of which are distinct from those detected in injured neurons. These intriguing findings include expression of pain-associated molecules, neurophysiological changes that underlie increased excitability, and evidence that intercellular signaling within sensory ganglia alters uninjured neurons. In addition to well-supported findings, this review also discusses potential mechanisms that remain poorly understood in the context of nerve injury. This review highlights key questions that will advance our understanding of the plasticity of sensory neuron subpopulations and clarify the role of uninjured neurons in developing anti-pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Tran
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - LaTasha K Crawford
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
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25
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Yang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, You S, Feng L, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Xu Y, Zhang H. <p>Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Contributes to Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain via Activating BDNF/TrkB Pathway in Rats</p>. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1737-1746. [PMID: 32765048 PMCID: PMC7360429 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s245515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Some patients undergoing thoracotomy may suffer from chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP). Treatment of CPTP has been a clinical challenge and the underlying mechanisms of CPTP remain elusive. Recently, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling has been shown to be associated with various pain states but its role in the pathogenesis of CPTP is still unclear. Methods CPTP was induced in rats by thoracotomy. Rats were divided into CPTP group and non-CPTP group based on the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT). Rats were administered with Shh signaling inhibitor cyclopamine and activator smoothened agonist (SAG), and then evaluated by MWT and cold allodynia testing. The expressions of Shh signaling (Shh ligand, patched and smoothened receptor, Gli transcription factors), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (Trk-B), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in rat T4-5 spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of Shh signaling significantly increased and the BDNF/TrkB pathway was activated in T4-5 SDH of CPTP rats. Cyclopamine attenuated hyperalgesia and down-regulated the expressions of Gil1, BDNF, p-TrkB, p-PI3K and p-Akt in CPTP rats. SAG induced hyperalgesia in non-CPTP rats and elevated the expressions of Gil1, BDNF, p-TrkB, p-PI3K and p-Akt. Conclusion Shh signaling may contribute to CPTP via activating BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, and inhibition of Shh signaling may effectively alleviate CPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Yang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua You
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Feng
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunliang Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizheng Shi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing100142, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hong Zhang; Yitian Yang Email ;
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26
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Khasabov SG, Truong H, Rogness VM, Alloway KD, Simone DA, Giesler GJ. Responses of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex to itch- and pain-producing stimuli in rats. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1944-1954. [PMID: 32292106 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00038.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of cortical encoding of itch is limited. Injection of pruritogens and algogens into the skin of the cheek produces distinct behaviors, making the rodent cheek a useful model for understanding mechanisms of itch and pain. We examined responses of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex by application of mechanical stimuli (brush, pressure, and pinch) and stimulations with intradermal injections of pruritic and algesic chemical of receptive fields located on the skin of the cheek in urethane-anesthetized rats. Stimuli included chloroquine, serotonin, β-alanine, histamine, capsaicin, and mustard oil. All 33 neurons studied were excited by noxious mechanical stimuli applied to the cheek. Based on mechanical stimulation most neurons were functionally classified as high threshold. Of 31 neurons tested for response to chemical stimuli, 84% were activated by one or more pruritogens/partial pruritogens. No cells were activated by all five substances. Histamine activated the greatest percentage of neurons and evoked the greatest mean discharge. Importantly, no cells were excited exclusively by pruritogens or partial pruritogens. The recording sites of all neurons that responded to chemical stimuli applied to the cheek were located in the dysgranular zone (DZ) and in deep laminae of the medial border of the vibrissal barrel fields (VBF). Therefore, neurons in the DZ/VBF of rats encode mechanical and chemical pruritogens and algogens. This cortical region appears to contain primarily nociceptive neurons as defined by responses to noxious pinching of the skin. Its role in encoding itch and pain from the cheek of the face needs further study.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Processing of information related to itch sensation at the level of cerebral cortex is not well understood. In this first single-unit electrophysiological study of pruriceptive cortical neurons, we show that neurons responsive to noxious and pruritic stimulation of the cheek of the face are concentrated in a small area of the dysgranular cortex, indicating that these neurons encode information related to itch and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey G Khasabov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hai Truong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Victoria M Rogness
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kevin D Alloway
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Glenn J Giesler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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27
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Gomes FIF, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM. Peripheral nitric oxide signaling directly blocks inflammatory pain. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113862. [PMID: 32081790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a classical sign of inflammation, and sensitization of primary sensory neurons (PSN) is the most important mediating mechanism. This mechanism involves direct action of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and sympathetic amines. Pharmacologic control of inflammatory pain is based on two principal strategies: (i) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs targeting inhibition of prostaglandin production by cyclooxygenases and preventing nociceptor sensitization in humans and animals; (ii) opioids and dipyrone that directly block nociceptor sensitization via activation of the NO signaling pathway. This review summarizes basic concepts of inflammatory pain that are necessary to understand the mechanisms of peripheral NO signaling that promote peripheral analgesia; we also discuss therapeutic perspectives based on the modulation of the NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Isaac F Gomes
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Dworsky-Fried Z, Kerr BJ, Taylor AMW. Microbes, microglia, and pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2020; 7:100045. [PMID: 32072077 PMCID: PMC7016021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Explore the connection between the gut microbiome and microglia in chronic pain. Discuss mechanisms by which gut bacteria might influence microglia to contribute to chronic pain. Highlight gaps in knowledge and discuss future directions for the field.
Globally, it is estimated that one in five people suffer from chronic pain, with prevalence increasing with age. The pathophysiology of chronic pain encompasses complex sensory, immune, and inflammatory interactions within both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are critically involved in the initiation and persistence of chronic pain. Microglia respond to local signals from the CNS but are also modulated by signals from the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging data from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that communication between the gut microbiome, the community of bacteria residing within the gut, and microglia is involved in producing chronic pain. Targeted strategies that manipulate or restore the gut microbiome have been shown to reduce microglial activation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammation. These data indicate that manipulations of the gut microbiome in chronic pain patients might be a viable strategy in improving pain outcomes. Herein, we discuss the evidence for a connection between microglia and the gut microbiome and explore the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria might influence microglial reactivity to drive chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Dworsky-Fried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada
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29
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Yu X, Liu H, Hamel KA, Morvan MG, Yu S, Leff J, Guan Z, Braz JM, Basbaum AI. Dorsal root ganglion macrophages contribute to both the initiation and persistence of neuropathic pain. Nat Commun 2020; 11:264. [PMID: 31937758 PMCID: PMC6959328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralleling the activation of dorsal horn microglia after peripheral nerve injury is a significant expansion and proliferation of macrophages around injured sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Here we demonstrate a critical contribution of DRG macrophages, but not those at the nerve injury site, to both the initiation and maintenance of the mechanical hypersensitivity that characterizes the neuropathic pain phenotype. In contrast to the reported sexual dimorphism in the microglial contribution to neuropathic pain, depletion of DRG macrophages reduces nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and expansion of DRG macrophages in both male and female mice. However, fewer macrophages are induced in the female mice and deletion of colony-stimulating factor 1 from sensory neurons, which prevents nerve injury-induced microglial activation and proliferation, only reduces macrophage expansion in male mice. Finally, we demonstrate molecular cross-talk between axotomized sensory neurons and macrophages, revealing potential peripheral DRG targets for neuropathic pain management. Interactions among spinal dorsal horn neurons and microglia contribute to the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. The authors show that depletion of macrophages in the dorsal root ganglia prevents and reverses ongoing nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Hongju Liu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Katherine A Hamel
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maelig G Morvan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen Yu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline Leff
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joao M Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allan I Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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30
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Manion J, Waller MA, Clark T, Massingham JN, Neely GG. Developing Modern Pain Therapies. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1370. [PMID: 31920521 PMCID: PMC6933609 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain afflicts as much as 50% of the population at any given time but our methods to address pain remain limited, ineffective and addictive. In order to develop new therapies an understanding of the mechanisms of painful sensitization is essential. We discuss here recent progress in the understanding of mechanisms underlying pain, and how these mechanisms are being targeted to produce modern, specific therapies for pain. Finally, we make recommendations for the next generation of targeted, effective, and safe pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Manion
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Waller
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Teleri Clark
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua N. Massingham
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G. Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Genome Editing Initiative, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Weir GA, Pettingill P, Wu Y, Duggal G, Ilie AS, Akerman CJ, Cader MZ. The Role of TRESK in Discrete Sensory Neuron Populations and Somatosensory Processing. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:170. [PMID: 31379497 PMCID: PMC6650782 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels generate K+ leak current, which serves a vital role in controlling and modulating neuronal excitability. This diverse family of K+ channels exhibit distinct expression and function across neuronal tissues. TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel (TRESK) is a K2P channel with a particularly enriched role in sensory neurons and in vivo pain pathways. Here, we explored the role of TRESK across molecularly distinct sensory neuron populations and assessed its contribution to different sensory modalities. We found TRESK mRNA only in select populations of C- and A-δ nociceptors, in addition to low threshold D-hair afferents. Neurons from mice in which TRESK has been ablated demonstrated marked hyperexcitability, which was amplified under inflammatory challenge. Detailed behavioral phenotyping of TRESK knockout mice revealed specific deficits in somatosensory processing of noxious and non-noxious stimuli. These results demonstrate novel roles of TRESK in somatosensory processing and offer important information to those wishing to target the channel for therapeutic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Weir
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Pettingill
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yukyee Wu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Galbha Duggal
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei-Sorin Ilie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Akerman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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