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Huo A, Wang J, Li Q, Li M, Qi Y, Yin Q, Luo W, Shi J, Cong Q. Molecular mechanisms underlying microglial sensing and phagocytosis in synaptic pruning. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1284-1290. [PMID: 37905877 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits. In brain physiology, highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli. Once the brain switches its functional states, microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions, including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris. The crosstalk of microglia between neurons, neural stem cells, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning, neurogenesis, vascularization, myelination, and blood-brain barrier permeability. In this review, we highlight the neuron-derived "find-me," "eat-me," and "don't eat-me" molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development. This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease, thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Huo
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuwan Qi
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiao Yin
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jijun Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qifei Cong
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yao Z, Yang H, Liu X, Jiang M, Deng W, Fu B. Preliminary study on the role of the CSMD2 gene in bladder cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22593. [PMID: 38163223 PMCID: PMC10754709 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CSMD2 has been reported as a potential prognostic factor in several cancers. However, whether CSMD2 affects bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. Methods Public data were obtained from the TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov) databases. CSMD2expression and its prognostic value were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. CSMD2 mRNA level in patients with BC and BC cell lines was evaluated via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. CSMD2 protein level in patients with BC was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. BC cell lines T24 and UMUC-3 were selected for loss-of-function assays targeting CSMD2. Cell viability was determined by CCK8 and clone formation experiments. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assays. Furthermore, the transcriptome of UMUC-3 with CSMD2 knockdown was sequenced to analyze potential signaling network pathways. Finally, the TIMER2.0 database was employed to identify the correlation between CSMD2 and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Results CSMD2 expression was up-regulated in BC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. High CSMD2 expression was associated with poor survival and could serve as an independent predictor for survival in patients with BC. Furthermore, down-regulation of CSMD2 notably restrained the viability, migration, and invasion abilities of T24 and UMUC-3 cells. Moreover, transcriptomic sequencing after CSMD2 knockdown in UMUC-3 cells revealed its involvement in the regulation of the malignant phenotype in BC. Finally, public databases suggest a connection between CSMD2 and immune cell infiltration in BC. Conclusions These findings suggest that CSMD2 may promote proliferation and tumorigenicity, and could represent a potential target for improving the prognosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Hailang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, China
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Shrestha S, Wiener HW, Kajimoto H, Srinivasasainagendra V, Ledee D, Chowdhury S, Cui J, Chen JY, Beckley MA, Padilla LA, Dahdah N, Tiwari HK, Portman MA. Pharmacogenomics of intravenous immunoglobulin response in Kawasaki disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1287094. [PMID: 38259468 PMCID: PMC10800400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kawasaki disease (KD) is a diffuse vasculitis in children. Response to high dose intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG), the primary treatment, varies according to genetic background. We sought to identify genetic loci, which associate with treatment response using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Method We performed WGS in 472 KD patients with 305 IVIG responders and 167 non-responders defined by AHA clinical criteria. We conducted logistic regression models to test additive genetic effect in the entire cohort and in four subgroups defined by ancestry information markers (Whites, African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics). We performed functional mapping and annotation using FUMA to examine genetic variants that are potentially involved IVIG non-response. Further, we conducted SNP-set [Sequence] Kernel Association Test (SKAT) for all rare and common variants. Results Of the 43,288,336 SNPs (23,660,970 in intergenic regions, 16,764,594 in introns and 556,814 in the exons) identified, the top ten hits associated with IVIG non-response were in FANK1, MAP2K3:KCNJ12, CA10, FRG1DP, CWH43 regions. When analyzed separately in ancestry-based racial subgroups, SNPs in several novel genes were associated. A total of 23 possible causal genes were pinpointed by positional and chromatin mapping. SKAT analysis demonstrated association in the entire MANIA2, EDN1, SFMBT2, and PPP2R5E genes and segments of CSMD2, LINC01317, HIVEPI, HSP90AB1, and TTLL11 genes. Conclusions This WGS study identified multiple predominantly novel understudied genes associated with IVIG response. These data can serve to inform regarding pathogenesis of KD, as well as lay ground work for developing treatment response predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hidemi Kajimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s and University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dolena Ledee
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s and University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sabrina Chowdhury
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jinhong Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jake Y. Chen
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mikayla A Beckley
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s and University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Luz A. Padilla
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nagib Dahdah
- CHU Ste-Justine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael A. Portman
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s and University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, United States
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Chatzopoulos K, Davila JI, Fadra N, Jackson RA, Minn KT, Sotiriou S, Oliveira AM, Erickson LA, Halling KC, Rumilla KM, Rivera M. Transcriptomic and immunophenotypic characterization of two cases of adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid gland. Histopathology 2023; 83:426-434. [PMID: 37195579 DOI: 10.1111/his.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) is a rare aggressive malignancy occasionally diagnosed in the thyroid gland. ALES shows basaloid cytomorphology, expresses keratins, p63, p40, frequently CD99, and harbours the t(11;22) EWSR1::FLI1 translocation. There is debate on whether ALES resembles more sarcoma or carcinoma. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing from two ALES cases and compared findings with skeletal Ewing's sarcomas and nonneoplastic thyroid tissue. ALES was investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and immunohistochemistry for the following antigens: keratin 7, keratin 20, keratin 5, keratins (AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2), CD45, CD20, CD5, CD99, chromogranin, synaptophysin, calcitonin, thyroglobulin, PAX8, TTF1, S100, p40, p63, p16, NUT, desmin, ER, FLI1, INI1, and myogenin. RESULTS An uncommon EWSR1::FLI transcript with retained EWSR1 exon 8 was detected in both ALES cases. Regulators of EWSR1::FLI1 splicing (HNRNPH1, SUPT6H, SF3B1) necessary for production of a functional fusion oncoprotein, as well as 53 genes (including TNNT1, NKX2.2) activated downstream to the EWSR1::FLI1 cascade, were overexpressed. Eighty-six genes were uniquely overexpressed in ALES, most of which were related to squamous differentiation. Immunohistochemically, ALES strongly expressed keratins 5, AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2, p63, p40, p16, and focally CD99. INI1 was retained. The remaining immunostains and HPV DNA ISH were negative. CONCLUSION Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals overlapping features of ALES with skeletal Ewing's sarcoma and an epithelial carcinoma, as evidenced by immunohistochemical expression of keratin 5, p63, p40, CD99, the transcriptome profile, and detection of EWSR1::FLI1 fusion transcript by RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Chatzopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of General and Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jaime I Davila
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Numrah Fadra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rory A Jackson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- NeoGenomics Laboratories, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Kay T Minn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sotiris Sotiriou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of General and Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andre M Oliveira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lori A Erickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin C Halling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kandelaria M Rumilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Rivera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Chakraborty A, Mondal S, Mahajan S, Sharma VK. High-quality genome assemblies provide clues on the evolutionary advantage of blue peafowl over green peafowl. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18571. [PMID: 37576271 PMCID: PMC10412995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An intriguing example of differential adaptability is the case of two Asian peafowl species, Pavo cristatus (blue peafowl) and Pavo muticus (green peafowl), where the former has a "Least Concern" conservation status and the latter is an "Endangered" species. To understand the genetic basis of this differential adaptability of the two peafowl species, a comparative analysis of these species is much needed to gain the genomic and evolutionary insights. Thus, we constructed a high-quality genome assembly of blue peafowl with an N50 value of 84.81 Mb (pseudochromosome-level assembly), and a high-confidence coding gene set to perform the genomic and evolutionary analyses of blue and green peafowls with 49 other avian species. The analyses revealed adaptive evolution of genes related to neuronal development, immunity, and skeletal muscle development in these peafowl species. Major genes related to axon guidance such as NEO1 and UNC5, semaphorin (SEMA), and ephrin receptor showed adaptive evolution in peafowl species. However, blue peafowl showed the presence of 42% more coding genes compared to the green peafowl along with a higher number of species-specific gene clusters, segmental duplicated genes and expanded gene families, and comparatively higher evolution in neuronal and developmental pathways. Blue peafowl also showed longer branch length compared to green peafowl in the species phylogenetic tree. These genomic insights obtained from the high-quality genome assembly of P. cristatus constructed in this study provide new clues on the superior adaptability of the blue peafowl over green peafowl despite having a recent species divergence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Chakraborty
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Samuel Mondal
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Mahajan
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vineet K. Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Icaritin alleviates cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury by regulating NMDA receptors through ERK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 941:175492. [PMID: 36610684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are key signaling molecules that mediate excitotoxicity during cerebral ischemia. GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors, which are mostly located in the intrasynaptic region, mediate normal physiological processes and promote neuronal survival. GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, which are mostly located in the extrasynaptic region, mediate excitotoxicity injury and promote neuronal death during ischemia. This study investigated the ability of icaritin (ICT) to protect against cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury (CI/RI) by regulating GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors through extracellular signaling regulatory kinases/death associated protein kinase 1 (ERK/DAPK1) signaling. A rat CI/RI model was established by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Following treatment with ICT and the ERK-specific inhibitor U0126, cerebral infarction, neurological function, and excitotoxicity-related molecule expression were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. ICT treatment significantly decreased cerebral infarct volume, improved neurological function, and regulated NMDA receptor subtype expression and ERK/DAPK1 signaling activation. The ability of ICT to increase GluN2A and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) mRNA and protein expression, inhibit GluN2B expression, and regulate DAPK1 activation was reversed after administration of the ERK-specific inhibitor U0126. These data indicated that ICT inhibited excitotoxicity injury and exerted a protective effect against CI/RI that was likely mediated by increased ERK signaling pathway activation and regulation of extrasynaptic and intrasynaptic NMDA receptor function, providing a new therapeutic target for ischemic encephalopathy.
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Protasova MS, Gusev FE, Andreeva TV, Klyushnikov SA, Illarioshkin SN, Rogaev EI. Novel genes bearing mutations in rare cases of early-onset ataxia with cerebellar hypoplasia. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:703-711. [PMID: 35351988 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an approach for the identification of mutant genes for rare diseases in single cases of unknown etiology. All genes with rare biologically significant variants sorted from individual exome data are tested further for profiling of their spatial-temporal and cell/tissue specific expression compared to that of their paralogs. We developed a simple bioinformatics tool ("Essential Paralogue by Expression" (EPbE)) for such analysis. Here, we present rare clinical forms of early ataxia with cerebellar hypoplasia. Using whole-exome sequencing and the EPbE tool, we identified two novel mutant genes previously not associated with congenital human diseases. In Family I, the unique missense mutation (p.Lys258Glu) was found in the LRCH2 gene inherited in an X-linked manner. p.Lys258Glu occurs in the evolutionarily invariant site of the leucine-rich repeat domain of LRCH2. In Family II and Family III, the identical genetic variant was found in the CSMD1 gene inherited as an autosomal-recessive trait. The variant leads to amino acid substitution p.Gly2979Ser in a highly conserved region of the complement-interacting domain of CSMD1. The LRCH2 gene for Family I patients (in which congenital cerebellar hypoplasia was associated with demyelinating polyneuropathy) is expressed in Schwann and precursor Schwann cells and predominantly over its paralogous genes in the developing cerebellar cortex. The CSMD1 gene is predominantly expressed over its paralogous genes in the cerebellum, specifically in the period of late childhood. Thus, the comparative spatial-temporal expression of the selected genes corresponds to the neurological manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Protasova
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor E Gusev
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Andreeva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Klyushnikov
- Department of Neurogenetics, Research Center of Neurology, 123367, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny I Rogaev
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia. .,Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340, Sochi, Russia. .,Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, 01545, USA.
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González-Calvo I, Cizeron M, Bessereau JL, Selimi F. Synapse Formation and Function Across Species: Ancient Roles for CCP, CUB, and TSP-1 Structural Domains. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:866444. [PMID: 35546877 PMCID: PMC9083331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.866444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of synapses was a crucial step in the creation of the variety of nervous systems that are found in the animal kingdom. With increased complexity of the organisms came a greater number of synaptic proteins. In this review we describe synaptic proteins that contain the structural domains CUB, CCP, or TSP-1. These domains are found in invertebrates and vertebrates, and CUB and CCP domains were initially described in proteins belonging to the complement system of innate immunity. Interestingly, they are found in synapses of the nematode C. elegans, which does not have a complement system, suggesting an ancient function. Comparison of the roles of CUB-, CCP-, and TSP-1 containing synaptic proteins in various species shows that in more complex nervous systems, these structural domains are combined with other domains and that there is partial conservation of their function. These three domains are thus basic building blocks of the synaptic architecture. Further studies of structural domains characteristic of synaptic proteins in invertebrates such as C. elegans and comparison of their role in mammals will help identify other conserved synaptic molecular building blocks. Furthermore, this type of functional comparison across species will also identify structural domains added during evolution in correlation with increased complexity, shedding light on mechanisms underlying cognition and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-Calvo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mélissa Cizeron
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5284, INSERM U-1314, MeLiS, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5284, INSERM U-1314, MeLiS, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Fekrije Selimi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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Song W, Li Q, Wang T, Li Y, Fan T, Zhang J, Wang Q, Pan J, Dong Q, Sun ZS, Wang Y. Putative complement control protein CSMD3 dysfunction impairs synaptogenesis and induces neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:237-250. [PMID: 35245678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that complement-related proteins modulate brain development through regulating synapse processes in the cortex. CSMD3 belongs to a group of putative complement control proteins. However, its role in the central nervous system and synaptogenesis remains largely unknown. Here we report that CSMD3 deleterious mutations occur frequently in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Csmd3 is predominantly expressed in cortical neurons of the developing cortex. In mice, Csmd3 disruption induced retarded development and NDD-related behaviors. Csmd3 deficiency impaired synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, allowing fewer neurons reaching the cortical plate. Csmd3 deficiency also induced perturbed functional networks in the developing cortex, involving a number of downregulated synapse-associated genes that influence early synaptic organization and upregulated genes related to immune activity. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the endogenous regulation of complement-related proteins in synaptic development and supports the pathological role of CSMD3 in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianda Fan
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinrong Pan
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiwen Dong
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Costanzo F, Zanni G, Fucà E, Di Paola M, Barresi S, Travaglini L, Colafati GS, Gambardella A, Bellacchio E, Bertini E, Menghini D, Vicari S. Cerebellar Agenesis and Bilateral Polimicrogyria Associated with Rare Variants of CUB and Sushi Multiple Domains 1 Gene (CSMD1): A Longitudinal Neuropsychological and Neuroradiological Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031224. [PMID: 35162247 PMCID: PMC8835405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar agenesis is an extremely rare condition characterized by a near complete absence of the cerebellum. The pathogenesis and molecular basis remain mostly unknown. We report the neuroradiological, molecular, neuropsychological and behavioral characterization of a 5-year-old girl, with cerebellar agenesis associated with parietal and peri-Sylvian polymicrogyria, followed-up for 10 years at four time points. Whole exome sequencing identified two rare variants in CSMD1, a gene associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric alterations. Mild intellectual impairment, cerebellar ataxia and deficits in language, memory and executive functions, with relatively preserved adaptive and psychopathological domains, were initially showed. Phonological awareness and verbal memory declined at 11 years of age, and social and anxiety problems emerged. Adaptive and psychopathological characteristics dramatically worsened at 15 years. In summary, the developmental clinical outcome showed impairment in multiple cognitive functions in childhood, with a progressive decline in cognitive and adaptive abilities and the emergence of psychopathological symptoms in adolescence. The observed phenotype could be the result of a complex interplay between cerebellar abnormality, brain malformation and the relations with CSMD1 variants. These findings may provide insights into the developmental clinical outcomes of a co-occurrence between rare brain malformation and rare genetic variants associated to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Via Ferdinando Baldelli 41, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (L.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Via Ferdinando Baldelli 41, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Margherita Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, I-00179 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Mental Health, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, I-00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (L.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Giovanna Stefania Colafati
- Oncological Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, I-00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Institute of Neurology, University Magna Græcia, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Viale di San Paolo 15, I-00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (G.Z.); (L.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Via Ferdinando Baldelli 41, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.F.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668597091
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Via Ferdinando Baldelli 41, I-00146 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.F.); (S.V.)
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Liu W, Cao L, Luo H, Wang Y. Research on Pathogenic Hippocampal Voxel Detection in Alzheimer's Disease Using Clustering Genetic Random Forest. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:861258. [PMID: 35463515 PMCID: PMC9022175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.861258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurological disease, which is closely associated with hippocampus, and subdividing the hippocampus into voxels can capture subtle signals that are easily missed by region of interest (ROI) methods. Therefore, studying interpretable associations between voxels can better understand the effect of voxel set on the hippocampus and AD. In this study, by analyzing the hippocampal voxel data, we propose a novel method based on clustering genetic random forest to identify the important voxels. Specifically, we divide the left and right hippocampus into voxels to constitute the initial feature set. Moreover, the random forest is constructed using the randomly selected samples and features. The genetic evolution is used to amplify the difference in decision trees and the clustering evolution is applied to generate offspring in genetic evolution. The important voxels are the features that reach the peak classification. The results demonstrate that our method has good classification and stability. Particularly, through biological analysis of the obtained voxel set, we find that they play an important role in AD by affecting the function of the hippocampus. These discoveries demonstrate the contribution of the voxel set to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Luolong Cao
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Haoran Luo
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, China
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12
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Neha S, Dholaniya PS. The Prevailing Role of Topoisomerase 2 Beta and its Associated Genes in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6443-6459. [PMID: 34546528 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase 2 beta (TOP2β) is an enzyme that alters the topological states of DNA by making a transient double-strand break during the transcription process. The direct interaction of TOP2β with DNA strand results in transcriptional regulation of certain genes and some studies have suggested that a particular set of genes are regulated by TOP2β, which have a prominent role in various stages of neuron from development to degeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of TOP2β in various phases of the neuron's life. Based on the existing reports, we have compiled the list of genes, which are directly regulated by the enzyme, from different studies and performed their functional classification. We discuss the role of these genes in neurogenesis, neuron migration, fate determination, differentiation and maturation, generation of neural circuits, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Pankaj Singh Dholaniya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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13
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Peoples N, Strang C. Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:620090. [PMID: 33746710 PMCID: PMC7969890 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.620090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement, a feature of the innate immune system that targets pathogens for phagocytic clearance and promotes inflammation, is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host tissue. This regulation is paramount in the central nervous system (CNS) since complement proteins degrade neuronal synapses during development, homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. We propose that dysregulated complement, particularly C1 or C3b, may errantly target synapses for immune-mediated clearance, therefore highlighting regulatory failure as a major potential mediator of neurological disease. First, we explore the mechanics of molecular neuroimmune relationships for the regulatory proteins: Complement Receptor 1, C1-Inhibitor, Factor H, and the CUB-sushi multiple domain family. We propose that biophysical and chemical principles offer clues for understanding mechanisms of dysregulation. Second, we describe anticipated effects to CNS disease processes (particularly Alzheimer's Disease) and nest our ideas within existing basic science, clinical, and epidemiological findings. Finally, we illustrate how the concepts presented within this manuscript provoke new ways of approaching age-old neurodegenerative processes. Every component of this model is testable by straightforward experimentation and highlights the untapped potential of complement dysregulation as a driver of CNS disease. This includes a putative role for complement-based neurotherapeutic agents and companion biomarkers.
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14
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Gut microbiome partially mediates and coordinates the effects of genetics on anxiety-like behavior in Collaborative Cross mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:270. [PMID: 33431988 PMCID: PMC7801399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome (GM) plays a critical role in health and disease. However, the contribution of GM to psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety, remains unclear. We used the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population-based model to identify anxiety associated host genetic and GM factors. Anxiety-like behavior of 445 mice across 30 CC strains was measured using the light/dark box assay and documented by video. A custom tracking system was developed to quantify seven anxiety-related phenotypes based on video. Mice were assigned to a low or high anxiety group by consensus clustering using seven anxiety-related phenotypes. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) identified 141 genes (264 SNPs) significantly enriched for anxiety and depression related functions. In the same CC cohort, we measured GM composition and identified five families that differ between high and low anxiety mice. Anxiety level was predicted with 79% accuracy and an AUC of 0.81. Mediation analyses revealed that the genetic contribution to anxiety was partially mediated by the GM. Our findings indicate that GM partially mediates and coordinates the effects of genetics on anxiety.
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15
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Schachtschneider KM, Welge ME, Auvil LS, Chaki S, Rund LA, Madsen O, Elmore MR, Johnson RW, Groenen MA, Schook LB. Altered Hippocampal Epigenetic Regulation Underlying Reduced Cognitive Development in Response to Early Life Environmental Insults. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020162. [PMID: 32033187 PMCID: PMC7074491 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is involved in learning and memory and undergoes significant growth and maturation during the neonatal period. Environmental insults during this developmental timeframe can have lasting effects on brain structure and function. This study assessed hippocampal DNA methylation and gene transcription from two independent studies reporting reduced cognitive development stemming from early life environmental insults (iron deficiency and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) infection) using porcine biomedical models. In total, 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the reduced cognition and control groups, including genes involved in neurodevelopment and function. Gene ontology (GO) terms enriched for DEGs were associated with immune responses, angiogenesis, and cellular development. In addition, 116 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified, which overlapped 125 genes. While no GO terms were enriched for genes overlapping DMRs, many of these genes are known to be involved in neurodevelopment and function, angiogenesis, and immunity. The observed altered methylation and expression of genes involved in neurological function suggest reduced cognition in response to early life environmental insults is due to altered cholinergic signaling and calcium regulation. Finally, two DMRs overlapped with two DEGs, VWF and LRRC32, which are associated with blood brain barrier permeability and regulatory T-cell activation, respectively. These results support the role of altered hippocampal DNA methylation and gene expression in early life environmentally-induced reductions in cognitive development across independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Michael E. Welge
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Loretta S. Auvil
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Sulalita Chaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Laurie A. Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Ole Madsen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands; (O.M.); (M.A.M.G.)
| | - Monica R.P. Elmore
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Martien A.M. Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands; (O.M.); (M.A.M.G.)
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
- Correspondence:
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