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Yang S, Wang M, Tian D, Zhang X, Cui K, Lü S, Wang HH, Long M, Nie Z. DNA-functionalized artificial mechanoreceptor for de novo force-responsive signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01572-x. [PMID: 38448735 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic signaling receptors enable programmable cellular responses coupling with customized inputs. However, engineering a designer force-sensing receptor to rewire mechanotransduction remains largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce nongenetically engineered artificial mechanoreceptors (AMRs) capable of reprogramming non-mechanoresponsive receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to sense user-defined force cues, enabling de novo-designed mechanotransduction. AMR is a modular DNA-protein chimera comprising a mechanosensing-and-transmitting DNA nanodevice grafted on natural RTKs via aptameric anchors. AMR senses intercellular tensile force via an allosteric DNA mechano-switch with tunable piconewton-sensitive force tolerance, actuating a force-triggered dynamic DNA assembly to manipulate RTK dimerization and activate intracellular signaling. By swapping the force-reception ligands, we demonstrate the AMR-mediated activation of c-Met, a representative RTK, in response to the cellular tensile forces mediated by cell-adhesion proteins (integrin, E-cadherin) or membrane protein endocytosis (CI-M6PR). Moreover, AMR also allows the reprogramming of FGFR1, another RTK, to customize mechanobiological function, for example, adhesion-mediated neural stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
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Ortega-Gascó A, Parcerisas A, Hino K, Herranz-Pérez V, Ulloa F, Elias-Tersa A, Bosch M, García-Verdugo JM, Simó S, Pujadas L, Soriano E. Regulation of young-adult neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation by neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2). Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10931-10948. [PMID: 37724425 PMCID: PMC10629901 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis persists in mammals in the neurogenic zones, where newborn neurons are incorporated into preexisting circuits to preserve and improve learning and memory tasks. Relevant structural elements of the neurogenic niches include the family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which participate in signal transduction and regulate the survival, division, and differentiation of radial glial progenitors (RGPs). Here we analyzed the functions of neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) in the regulation of RGPs in adult neurogenesis and during corticogenesis. We characterized the presence of NCAM2 across the main cell types of the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus, revealing different levels of NCAM2 amid the progression of RGPs and the formation of neurons. We showed that Ncam2 overexpression in adult mice arrested progenitors in an RGP-like state, affecting the normal course of young-adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, changes in Ncam2 levels during corticogenesis led to transient migratory deficits but did not affect the survival and proliferation of RGPs, suggesting a differential role of NCAM2 in adult and embryonic stages. Our data reinforce the relevance of CAMs in the neurogenic process by revealing a significant role of Ncam2 levels in the regulation of RGPs during young-adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Engineering, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 13 Laura St., Vic 08500, Spain
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), 70 Roda Rd., Vic 08500, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), S/N Josep Trueta St., Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain
| | - Keiko Hino
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, 1275 Med Science Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 7 Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch St., València 46010, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, S/N Vicent Sos Baynat Ave., Castelló de la Plana 12006, Spain
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Alba Elias-Tersa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Miquel Bosch
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), S/N Josep Trueta St., Sant Cugat del Vallès 08195, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 7 Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch St., València 46010, Spain
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, 1275 Med Science Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), 70 Roda Rd., Vic 08500, Spain
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Methodology, Faculty of Heath Sciences and Wellfare, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 7 Sagrada Família St., Vic 08500, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 643 Diagonal Ave., Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 4 Sinesio Delgado, Madrid 28031, Spain
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Fessel J. Analysis of Why Alzheimer's Dementia Never Spontaneously Reverses, Suggests the Basis for Curative Treatment. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4873. [PMID: 37510988 PMCID: PMC10381682 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradox regarding Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is thats spontaneous cure of AD has never been reported, whereas spontaneous cure for MCI occurs fequently. This article analyzes what accounts for this difference. It holds that it is not merely because, for any condition, a stage is reached beyond which it cannot be reversed, since even widely metastatic cancer would be curable were there effective chemotherapy and rheumatoid arthritis became controllable when immune-suppressant treatment was introduced; thus, so could AD be reversible via effective therapy. The analysis presented leads to an explanation of the paradox that is in four categories: (1) levels of transforming growth factor-β are significantly reduced after the transition from MCI to AD; (2) levels of Wnt/β-catenin are significantly reduced after the transition; (3) there is altered epidermal-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in neurons after the transition; (4) there may be risk factors that are either newly operative or pre-existing but worsened at the time of transition, that are particular to individual patients. It is suggested that addressing and ameliorating all of those four categories might cure AD. Medications to address and ameliorate each of the four categories are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, 2069 Filbert Street, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA
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Atcha H, Choi YS, Chaudhuri O, Engler AJ. Getting physical: Material mechanics is an intrinsic cell cue. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:750-765. [PMID: 37267912 PMCID: PMC10247187 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biomaterial science have allowed for unprecedented insight into the ability of material cues to influence stem cell function. These material approaches better recapitulate the microenvironment, providing a more realistic ex vivo model of the cell niche. However, recent advances in our ability to measure and manipulate niche properties in vivo have led to novel mechanobiological studies in model organisms. Thus, in this review, we will discuss the importance of material cues within the cell niche, highlight the key mechanotransduction pathways involved, and conclude with recent evidence that material cues regulate tissue function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Atcha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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De Summa S, Traversa D, Daniele A, Palumbo O, Carella M, Stallone R, Tufaro A, Oliverio A, Bruno E, Digennaro M, Danza K, Pasanisi P, Tommasi S. miRNA deregulation and relationship with metabolic parameters after Mediterranean dietary intervention in BRCA-mutated women. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1147190. [PMID: 37081976 PMCID: PMC10110888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1147190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer onset is determined by a genetics-environment interaction. BRCA1/2 gene alterations are often genetically shared in familial context, but also food intake and hormonal assessment seem to influence the lifetime risk of developing this neoplasia. We previously showed the relationship between a six-months Mediterranean dietary intervention and insulin, glucose and estradiol levels in BRCA1/2 carrier subjects. The aim of the present study was to evidence the eventual influence of this dietary intervention on the relationship between circulating miRNA expression and metabolic parameters in presence of BRCA1/2 loss of function variants.MethodsPlasma samples of BRCA-women have been collected at the baseline and at the end of the dietary intervention. Moreover, subjects have been randomized in two groups: dietary intervention and placebo. miRNA profiling and subsequent ddPCR validation have been performed in all the subjects at both time points.ResultsddPCR analysis confirmed that five (miR-185-5p, miR-498, miR-3910, miR-4423 and miR-4445) of seven miRNAs, deregulated in the training cohort, were significantly up-regulated in subjects after dietary intervention compared with the baseline measurement. Interestingly, when we focused on variation of miRNA levels in the two timepoints, it could be observed that miR-4423, miR-4445 and miR-3910 expressions are positively correlated with variation in vitaminD level; whilst miR-185-5p difference in expression is related to HDL cholesterol variation.ConclusionsWe highlighted the synergistic effect of a healthy lifestyle and epigenetic regulation in BC through the modulation of specific miRNAs. Different miRNAs have been reported involved in the tumor onset acting as tumor suppressors by targeting tumor-associated genes that are often downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Summa
- Pharmacological and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Debora Traversa
- Pharmacological and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Stallone
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Tufaro
- Biobank, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bruno
- Department of Experimental Oncology IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Digennaro
- Heredo-Familiar Cancer Clinic, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Danza
- Clinical Pathology Unit, “S. S. Annunziata” Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Department of Experimental Oncology IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Pharmacological and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Tommasi,
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Serra R, Simard JM. Adherens, tight, and gap junctions in ependymal cells: A systematic review of their contribution to CSF-brain barrier. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1092205. [PMID: 37034077 PMCID: PMC10079940 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1092205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The movement of fluids and solutes across the ependymal barrier, and their changes in physiologic and disease states are poorly understood. This gap in knowledge contributes strongly to treatment failures and complications in various neurological disorders. Methods We systematically searched and reviewed original research articles treating ependymal intercellular junctions on PubMed. Reviews, opinion papers, and abstracts were excluded. Research conducted on tissue samples, cell lines, CSF, and animal models was considered. Results A total of 45 novel articles treating tight, adherens and gap junctions of the ependyma were included in our review, spanning from 1960 to 2022. The findings of this review point toward a central and not yet fully characterized role of the ependymal lining ultrastructure in fluid flow interactions in the brain. In particular, tight junctions circumferentially line the apical equator of ependymal cells, changing between embryonal and adult life in several rodent models, shaping fluid and solute transit in this location. Further, adherens and gap junctions appear to have a pivotal role in several forms of congenital hydrocephalus. Conclusions These findings may provide an opportunity for medical management of CSF disorders, potentially allowing for tuning of CSF secretion and absorption. Beyond hydrocephalus, stroke, trauma, this information has relevance for metabolite clearance and drug delivery, with potential to affect many patients with a variety of neurological disorders. This critical look at intercellular junctions in ependyma and the surrounding interstitial spaces is meant to inspire future research on a central and rather unknown component of the CSF-brain interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Serra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Serra
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Lim R, Banerjee A, Biswas R, Chari AN, Raghavan S. Mechanotransduction through adhesion molecules: Emerging roles in regulating the stem cell niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:966662. [PMID: 36172276 PMCID: PMC9511051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.966662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been shown to play an important role in regenerative medicine due to their proliferative and differentiation potential. The challenge, however, lies in regulating and controlling their potential for this purpose. Stem cells are regulated by growth factors as well as an array of biochemical and mechanical signals. While the role of biochemical signals and growth factors in regulating stem cell homeostasis is well explored, the role of mechanical signals has only just started to be investigated. Stem cells interact with their niche or to other stem cells via adhesion molecules that eventually transduce mechanical cues to maintain their homeostatic function. Here, we present a comprehensive review on our current understanding of the influence of the forces perceived by cell adhesion molecules on the regulation of stem cells. Additionally, we provide insights on how this deeper understanding of mechanobiology of stem cells has translated toward therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lim
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Avinanda Banerjee
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ritusree Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- Sastra University, Thanjavur, TN, India
| | - Anana Nandakumar Chari
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
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Sakuma R, Kobayashi M, Kobashi R, Onishi M, Maeda M, Kataoka Y, Imaoka S. Brain Pericytes Acquire Stemness via the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant System. Stem Cells 2022; 40:641-654. [PMID: 35353891 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are a mural support cell population elongated at intervals along the walls of capillaries. Recent studies reported that PCs are multipotent cells that are activated in response to tissue injury and contribute to the regenerative process. Using a C.B-17 mouse model of ischemic stroke, it has been proposed that normal brain pericytes (nPCs) are converted to ischemic pericytes (iPCs), some of which function as multipotent stem cells. Furthermore, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) promoted mesenchymal-epithelial transition in nPCs; however, nestin was not induced under OGD conditions. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the PC reprogramming phenomenon. We herein isolated nPCs from the cortex of C.B-17 mice, and compared the traits of iPCs and nPCs. The results obtained showed that nPCs and iPCs shared common pericytic markers. Furthermore, intercellular levels of reactive oxygen species and the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key player in antioxidant defenses, were higher in iPCs than in nPCs. OGD/reoxygenation and a treatment with tBHQ, an Nrf2 inducer, increased nestin levels in nPCs. Moreover, epithelial marker levels, including nestin, Sox2, and CDH1 (E-cadherin) mRNAs, were elevated in Nrf2-overexpressing PCs, which formed neurosphere-like cell clusters that differentiated into Tuj1-positive neurons. The present results demonstrate that oxidative stress and Nrf2 are required for the generation of stem cells after stroke and will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sakuma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miku Kobayashi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rui Kobashi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mako Onishi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
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Samart P, Rojanasakul Y, Issaragrisil S, Luanpitpong S. A novel E-cadherin/SOX9 axis regulates cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma by activating Akt and MAPK pathways. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:41. [PMID: 35831838 PMCID: PMC9277902 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in multiple myeloma (MM) and are widely regarded as a key driver of MM initiation and progression. E-cadherin, in addition to its established role as a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, also plays critical roles in controlling the aggressive behaviors of various tumor cells. Here, we show that depletion of E-cadherin in MM cells remarkably inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, in part through the decreased prosurvival CD138 and Bcl-2 and the inactivated Akt and MAPK pathways. CSC features, including the ability of the cells to form clonogenic colonies indicative of self-renewal and side population, were greatly suppressed upon the depletion of E-cadherin and subsequent loss of SOX9 stem-cell factor. We further provide evidence that SOX9 is a downstream target of E-cadherin-mediated CSC growth and self-renewal—ectopic re-expression of SOX9 in E-cadherin-depleted cells rescued its inhibitory effects on CSC-like properties and survival signaling. Collectively, our findings unveil a novel regulatory mechanism of MM CSCs via the E-cadherin/SOX9 axis, which could be important in understanding the long-term cell survival and outgrowth that leads to relapsed/refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinya Samart
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- WVU Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Bangkok Hematology Center, Wattanosoth Hospital, BDMS Center of Excellence for Cancer, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Siriraj Hospital, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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P-Cadherin Is Expressed by Epithelial Progenitor Cells and Melanocytes in the Human Corneal Limbus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121975. [PMID: 35741104 PMCID: PMC9221557 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC) and surrounding niche cells, which include limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC) and melanocytes (LM), are essential for the maintenance of the limbal stem cell niche required for a transparent corneal surface. P-cadherin (P-cad) is a critical stem cell niche adhesion molecule at various epithelial stem cell niches; however, conflicting observations were reported on the presence of P-cad in the limbal region. To explore this issue, we assessed the location and phenotype of P-cad+ cells by confocal microscopy of human corneoscleral tissue. In subsequent fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) experiments, we used antibodies against P-cad along with CD90 and CD117 for the enrichment of LEPC, LMSC and LM, respectively. The sorted cells were characterized by immunophenotyping and the repopulation of decellularized limbal scaffolds was evaluated. Our findings demonstrate that P-cad is expressed by epithelial progenitor cells as well as melanocytes in the human limbal epithelial stem cell niche. The modified flow sorting addressing P-cad as well as CD90 and CD117 yielded enriched LEPC (CD90−CD117−P-cad+) and pure populations of LMSC (CD90+CD117−P-cad−) and LM (CD90−CD117+P-cad+). The enriched LEPC showed the expression of epithelial progenitor markers and better colony-forming ability than their P-cad− counterparts. The cultured LEPC and LM exhibited P-cad expression at intercellular junctions and successfully repopulated decellularized limbal scaffolds. These data suggest that P-cad is a critical cell–cell adhesion molecule, connecting LEPC and LM, which may play an important role in the long-term maintenance of LEPC at the limbal stem cell niche; moreover, these findings led to further improvement of cell enrichment protocols to enhance the yield of LEPC.
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11
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Corales LG, Inada H, Hiraoka K, Araki S, Yamanaka S, Kikkawa T, Osumi N. The subcommissural organ maintains features of neuroepithelial cells in the adult mouse. J Anat 2022; 241:820-830. [PMID: 35638289 PMCID: PMC9358730 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a part of the circumventricular organs located in the dorsocaudal region of the third ventricle at the entrance of the aqueduct of Sylvius. The SCO comprises epithelial cells and produces high molecular weight glycoproteins, which are secreted into the third ventricle and become part of Reissner's fibre in the cerebrospinal fluid. Abnormal development of the SCO has been linked with congenital hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. In the present study, we characterized the SCO cells in the adult mouse brain to gain insights into the possible role of this brain region. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that expression of Pax6, a transcription factor essential for SCO differentiation during embryogenesis, is maintained in the SCO at postnatal stages from P0 to P84. SCO cells in the adult brain expressed known neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) markers, Sox2 and vimentin. The adult SCO cells also expressed proliferating marker PCNA, although expression of another proliferation marker Ki67, indicating a G2/M phase, was not detected. The SCO cells did not incorporate BrdU, a marker for DNA synthesis in the S phase. Therefore, the SCO cells have a potential for proliferation but are quiescent for cell division in the adult. The SCO cells also expressed GFAP, a marker for astrocytes or NSPCs, but not NeuN (for neurons). A few cells positive for Iba1 (microglia), Olig2 (for oligodendrocytes) and PDGFRα (oligodendrocyte progenitors) existed within or on the periphery of the SCO. These findings revealed that the SCO cells have a unique feature as secretory yet immature neuroepithelial cells in the adult mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laarni Grace Corales
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hiraoka
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Araki
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Xie D, Chen Y, Wan X, Li J, Pei Q, Luo Y, Liu J, Ye T. The Potential Role of CDH1 as an Oncogene Combined With Related miRNAs and Their Diagnostic Value in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916469. [PMID: 35784532 PMCID: PMC9243438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females and the most common malignancy with high morbidity worldwide. It is imperative to develop new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early diagnosis and effective treatment in BC. METHODS We revealed the oncogene function of cadherin 1 (CDH1) via bioinformatic analysis in BC. Moreover, miRNA database was utilized to predict miRNAs upstream of CDH1. Expression of CDH1-related miRNAs in BC and their values in BC stemness and prognosis were analyzed through TCGA-BRCA datasets. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to explore the potential functions and signaling pathways of CDH1 in combination with CDH1-related miRNAs in BC progression. Finally, the differential expressions of soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad), which is formed by the secretion of CDH1-encoded E-cadherin into serum, analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of CDH1-related miRNAs in serum samples. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of CDH1 were elevated in BC tissues compared with normal counterparts. Moreover, CDH1 overexpression was positively correlated with BC stage, metastatic, stemness characteristics, and poor prognosis among patients. In predictive analysis, miR-340, miR-185, and miR-20a target CDH1 and are highly expressed in BC. miR-20a overexpression alone was strongly associated with high stemness characteristics and poor prognosis of BC. Additionally, GO, KEGG, and hallmark effect gene set analysis demonstrated that CDH1 in combination with overexpression of miR-340, miR-185, or miR-20a participated in multiple biological processes and underly signaling pathways involving in tumorigenesis and development of BC. Finally, we provide experimental evidence that the combined determination of serum sE-cad and miR-20a in BC has highly diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for CDH1 as an oncogene in BC and suggests that miR-20a may regulate the stemness characteristics of BC to exert a pro-oncogenic effect by regulating CDH1. Moreover, sE-cad and miR-20a in serum can both be used as valid noninvasive markers for BC diagnosis.
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13
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Kim KH, Choi A, Kim SH, Song H, Jin S, Kim K, Jang J, Choi H, Jung YW. Neural-Cadherin Influences the Homing of Terminally Differentiated Memory CD8 T Cells to the Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow. Mol Cells 2021; 44:795-804. [PMID: 34819396 PMCID: PMC8627834 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T (TM) cells play an important role in the long-term defense against pathogen reinvasion. However, it is still unclear how these cells receive the crucial signals necessary for their longevity and homeostatic turnover. To understand how TM cells receive these signals, we infected mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and examined the expression sites of neural cadherin (N-cadherin) by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that N-cadherin was expressed in the surroundings of the white pulps of the spleen and medulla of lymph nodes (LNs). Moreover, TM cells expressing high levels of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a ligand of N-cadherin, were co-localized with N-cadherin+ cells in the spleen but not in LNs. We then blocked N-cadherin in vivo to investigate whether it regulates the formation or function of TM cells. The numbers of CD127hiCD62Lhi TM cells in the spleen of memory P14 chimeric mice declined when N-cadherin was blocked during the contraction phase, without functional impairment of these cells. In addition, when CD127loKLRG1hi TM cells were adoptively transferred into anti-N-cadherin-treated mice compared with control mice, the number of these cells was reduced in the bone marrow and LNs, without functional loss. Taken together, our results suggest that N-cadherin participates in the development of CD127hiCD62Lhi TM cells and homing of CD127loKLRG1hi TM cells to lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Aryeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Heonju Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Seohoon Jin
- Department of Applied Statistics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Kyungim Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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14
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Olivera GC, Vetter L, Tesoriero C, Del Gallo F, Hedberg G, Basile J, Rottenberg ME. Role of T cells during the cerebral infection with Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009764. [PMID: 34587172 PMCID: PMC8530334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection by Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T.b.b.), a protozoan parasite, is characterized by an early-systemic stage followed by a late stage in which parasites invade the brain parenchyma in a T cell-dependent manner. Here we found that early after infection effector-memory T cells were predominant among brain T cells, whereas, during the encephalitic stage T cells acquired a tissue resident memory phenotype (TRM) and expressed PD1. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells were independently redundant for the penetration of T.b.b. and other leukocytes into the brain parenchyma. The role of lymphoid cells during the T.b.b. infection was studied by comparing T- and B-cell deficient rag1-/- and WT mice. Early after infection, parasites located in circumventricular organs, brain structures with increased vascular permeability, particularly in the median eminence (ME), paced closed to the sleep-wake regulatory arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Arc). Whereas parasite levels in the ME were higher in rag1-/- than in WT mice, leukocytes were instead reduced. Rag1-/- infected mice showed increased levels of meca32 mRNA coding for a blood /hypothalamus endothelial molecule absent in the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Both immune and metabolic transcripts were elevated in the ME/Arc of WT and rag1-/- mice early after infection, except for ifng mRNA, which levels were only increased in WT mice. Finally, using a non-invasive sleep-wake cycle assessment method we proposed a putative role of lymphocytes in mediating sleep alterations during the infection with T.b.b. Thus, the majority of T cells in the brain during the early stage of T.b.b. infection expressed an effector-memory phenotype while TRM cells developed in the late stage of infection. T cells and parasites invade the ME/Arc altering the metabolic and inflammatory responses during the early stage of infection and modulating sleep disturbances. Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.) causes an early systemic and a late encephalitic infection characterized by sleep alterations. In rodent models, brain invasion by T.b. brucei (T.b.b.) is strictly dependent on T cells. However, an in-depth characterization of T cell functions and phenotypes in the outcome of T.b.b. infection is still lacking. Here we found that during the early stage of infection of mice, most brain T cells differentiated into memory cells, and acquired a tissue-resident memory phenotype during the encephalitic stage. CD4 and CD8 T cells were redundant for the invasion of other T cells and parasites into the brain. Early after infection T.b.b. and leukocytes invade different circumventricular organs (brain areas that lack a blood-brain barrier) including the median eminence (ME) located close to sleep-regulating arcuate nucleus (Arc). T.b.b. infection induced the expression of immune and metabolic molecules in this area. Lymphocytes modulated 1) the levels of invading parasites and leukocytes in the ME; 2) the structure of the blood/ hypothalamus interphase and 3) the expression of IFN-γ in the ME/Arc early after infection. Lymphocytes may also be involved in the regulation of sleep alterations observed in African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C. Olivera
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonie Vetter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Tesoriero
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Del Gallo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gustav Hedberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Basile
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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15
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Moracho N, Learte AIR, Muñoz-Sáez E, Marchena MA, Cid MA, Arroyo AG, Sánchez-Camacho C. Emerging roles of MT-MMPs in embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:240-275. [PMID: 34241926 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are cell membrane-tethered proteinases that belong to the family of the MMPs. Apart from their roles in degradation of the extracellular milieu, MT-MMPs are able to activate through proteolytic processing at the cell surface distinct molecules such as receptors, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other pericellular proteins. Although most of the information regarding these enzymes comes from cancer studies, our current knowledge about their contribution in distinct developmental processes occurring in the embryo is limited. In this review, we want to summarize the involvement of MT-MMPs in distinct processes during embryonic morphogenesis, including cell migration and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell polarity and branching, axon growth and navigation, synapse formation, and angiogenesis. We also considered information about MT-MMP functions from studies assessed in pathological conditions and compared these data with those relevant for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moracho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I R Learte
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Sáez
- Department of Health Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Cid
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biomedicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Camacho
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Chakravarthi S, Karikalan B. Molecular Biomarkers for Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Short Review. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666200724164654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease with higher death rates and is responsible for around 2 million
deaths per year worldwide. Recently, several breakthroughs have been made in the field of lung
cancer that has led to a revolution in the management of lung cancer patients. Identification of
molecular markers and the implication of respective targeted therapies has been a great success in
the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Despite the fact that targeted therapy of lung adenocarcinomas
represents one of the significant milestones in the treatment of lung cancer that resulted
in increased survival rates even in advanced stages, the mortality rates of lung cancer still remain
to be significantly high. This warrants further research for gaining better insights into molecular alterations
that can lead to newer innovations in targeted drug therapy towards lung adenocarcinoma.
In this review, we briefly summarized the literature on molecular markers that are already in use.
We also consolidated newer molecular markers that are under study with the potential for being targeted
for therapies in future.
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17
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Ngo MT, Harley BAC. Progress in mimicking brain microenvironments to understand and treat neurological disorders. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:020902. [PMID: 33869984 PMCID: PMC8034983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury, stroke, primary and metastatic brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Disease progression is accompanied by changes in the brain microenvironment, but how these shifts in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular properties contribute to repair outcomes or continued degeneration is largely unknown. Tissue engineering approaches can be used to develop in vitro models to understand how the brain microenvironment contributes to pathophysiological processes linked to neurological disorders and may also offer constructs that promote healing and regeneration in vivo. In this Perspective, we summarize features of the brain microenvironment in normal and pathophysiological states and highlight strategies to mimic this environment to model disease, investigate neural stem cell biology, and promote regenerative healing. We discuss current limitations and resulting opportunities to develop tissue engineering tools that more faithfully recapitulate the aspects of the brain microenvironment for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T. Ngo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (217) 244-7112. Fax: (217) 333-5052
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18
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Wang C, Yang X, Zhang X, Liu B, Liu W, Shen Y, Gao Z, Yin Q, Wang C, Zhou J. TMT-based quantitative proteome profiles reveal the memory function of a whole heart decellularized matrix for neural stem cell trans-differentiation into the cardiac lineage. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3692-3704. [PMID: 34008595 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01287d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole organ or tissue decellularized matrices are a promising scaffold for tissue engineering because they maintain the specific memory of the original organ or tissue. A whole organ or tissue decellularized matrix contains extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and exhibits ultrastructural and mechanical properties, which could significantly regulate the fate of stem cells. To better understand the memory function of whole organ decellularized matrices, we constructed a heart decellularized matrix and seeded cross-embryonic layer stem cells - neural stem cells (NSCs) to repopulate the matrix, engineering cardiac tissue, in which a large number of NSCs differentiated into the neural lineage, but besides that, NSCs showed an obvious tendency of trans-differentiating into cardiac lineage cells. The results demonstrated that the whole heart decellularized microenvironment possesses memory function. To reveal the underlying mechanism, TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis was used to identify the differently expressed proteins in the whole heart decellularized matrix compared with a brain decellularized matrix. 937 of the proteins changed over 1.5 fold, with 573 of the proteins downregulated and 374 of the proteins upregulated, among which integrin ligands in the ECM serve as key signals in regulating NSC fate. The findings here provide a novel insight into the memory function of tissue-specific microenvironments and pave the way for the therapeutic application of personalized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Baijun Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Yuan Shen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Zhongbao Gao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qi Yin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Shin HY, Han KS, Park HW, Hong YH, Kim Y, Moon HE, Park KW, Park HR, Lee CJ, Lee K, Kim SJ, Heo MS, Park SH, Kim DG, Paek SH. Tumor Spheroids of an Aggressive Form of Central Neurocytoma Have Transit-Amplifying Progenitor Characteristics with Enhanced EGFR and Tumor Stem Cell Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:120-143. [PMID: 33972466 PMCID: PMC8118755 DOI: 10.5607/en21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytoma (CN) has been known as a benign neuronal tumor. In rare cases, CN undergoes malignant transformation to glioblastomas (GBM). Here we examined its cellular origin by characterizing differentiation potential and gene expression of CN-spheroids. First, we demonstrate that both CN tissue and cultured primary cells recapitulate the hierarchal cellular composition of subventricular zone (SVZ), which is comprised of neural stem cells (NSCs), transit amplifying progenitors (TAPs), and neuroblasts. We then derived spheroids from CN which displayed EGFR+/MASH+ TAP and BLBP+ radial glial cell (RGC) characteristic, and mitotic neurogenesis and gliogenesis by single spheroids were observed with cycling multipotential cells. CN-spheroids expressed increased levels of pluripotency and tumor stem cell genes such as KLF4 and TPD5L1, when compared to their differentiated cells and human NSCs. Importantly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that gene sets of GBM-Spheroids, EGFR Signaling, and Packaging of Telomere Ends are enriched in CN-spheroids in comparison with their differentiated cells. We speculate that CN tumor stem cells have TAP and RGC characteristics, and upregulation of EGFR signaling as well as downregulation of eph-ephrin signaling have critical roles in tumorigenesis of CN. And their ephemeral nature of TAPs destined to neuroblasts, might reflect benign nature of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yun Hwa Hong
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Man Seung Heo
- Smart Healthcare Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
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20
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Ye T, Li J, Sun Z, Liu D, Zeng B, Zhao Q, Wang J, Xing HR. Cdh1 functions as an oncogene by inducing self-renewal of lung cancer stem-like cells via oncogenic pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:447-459. [PMID: 32015681 PMCID: PMC6990901 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of lung cancer remains the highest amongst all cancers despite of new therapeutic developments. While cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a pivotal role in cancer, mechanisms underlying CSCs self-renewal and their relevance to cancer progression have not been clearly elucidated due to the lack of reliable and stable CSC cellular models. In the present study, we unveiled the novel oncogene function of cadherin 1 (Cdh1) via bioinformatic analysis in a broad spectrum of human cancers including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), adding a new dimension to the widely reported tumor suppressor function of Cdh1. Experimentally, we show for the first time that Cdh1 promotes the self-renewal of lung CSCs, consistent with its function in embryonic and normal stem cells. Using the LLC-Symmetric Division (LLC-SD) model, we have revealed an intricate cross-talk between the oncogenic pathway and stem cell pathway in which Cdh1 functions as an oncogene by promoting lung CSC renewal via the activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and inhibition of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, respectively. In summary, this study has provided evidence demonstrating effective utilization of the normal stem cell renewal mechanisms by CSCs to promote oncogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Doudou Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiting Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Rosie Xing
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Yang S, Cao Z, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao L, Sun X, Wang X. In Vitro Monolayer Culture of Dispersed Neural Stem Cells on the E-Cadherin-Based Substrate with Long-Term Stemness Maintenance. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18136-18146. [PMID: 31720516 PMCID: PMC6843705 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) play an important role in neural tissue engineering because of their capacity of self-renewal and differentiation to multiple cell lineages. The in vitro conventional neurosphere culture protocol has some limitations such as limited nutrition and oxygen penetration and distribution causing the heterogeneity of cells inside, inaccessibility of internal cells, and inhomogeneous cellular morphology and properties. As a result, cultivation as a monolayer is a better way to study NSCs and obtain a homogeneous cell population. The cadherins are a classical family of homophilic cell adhesion molecules mediating cell-cell adhesion. Here, we used a recombinant human E-cadherin mouse IgG Fc chimera protein that self-assembles on a hydrophobic polystyrene surface via hydrophobic interaction to obtain an E-cadherin-coated culture plate (ECP). The rat fetal NSCs were cultured on the ECP and routine tissue culture plate (TCP) from passage 2 to passage 5. NSCs on TCP formed uniform floating neurospheres and grew up over time, while cells on the ECP adhered on the bottom of the plate and exhibited individual cells with scattering morphology, forming intercellular connections between cells. The cell proliferation and differentiation behaviors that were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8), immunofluorescence staining, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed NSCs could maintain the capacity for self-renewal and ability to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes after the long-term in vitro cell culture and passaging. Therefore, our study indicated that hE-cad-Fc could provide a homogeneous environment for individual cells in monolayer conditions to maintain the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation by mimicking the cell-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College
of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw
Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Edwards Iii G, Gamez N, Armijo E, Kramm C, Morales R, Taylor-Presse K, Schulz PE, Soto C, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Peripheral Delivery of Neural Precursor Cells Ameliorates Parkinson's Disease-Associated Pathology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111359. [PMID: 31671704 PMCID: PMC6912680 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor control due to a wide loss of dopaminergic neurons along the nigro-striatal pathway. Some of the mechanisms that contribute to this cell death are inflammation, oxidative stress, and misfolded alpha-synuclein-induced toxicity. Current treatments are effective at managing the early motor symptoms of the disease, but they become ineffective over time and lead to adverse effects. Previous research using intracerebral stem cell therapy for treatment of PD has provided promising results; however, this method is very invasive and is often associated with unacceptable side effects. In this study, we used an MPTP-injected mouse model of PD and intravenously administered neural precursors (NPs) obtained from mouse embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells. Clinical signs and neuropathology were assessed. Female mice treated with NPs had improved motor function and reduction in the neuroinflammatory response. In terms of safety, there were no tumorigenic formations or any detectable adverse effect after treatment. Our results suggest that peripheral administration of stem cell-derived NPs may be a promising and safe therapy for the recovery of impaired motor function and amelioration of brain pathology in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Edwards Iii
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nazaret Gamez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Enrique Armijo
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Carlos Kramm
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile.
| | - Kathleen Taylor-Presse
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Paul E Schulz
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Claudio Soto
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 29010 Malaga, Spain.
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23
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Morante-Redolat JM, Porlan E. Neural Stem Cell Regulation by Adhesion Molecules Within the Subependymal Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:102. [PMID: 31245371 PMCID: PMC6581678 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian adult brain, neural stem cells persist in neurogenic niches. The subependymal zone is the most prolific neurogenic niche in adult rodents, where residing stem cells generate large numbers of immature neurons that migrate into the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into different types of interneurons. Subependymal neural stem cells derive from embryonic radial glia and retain some of their features like apico-basal polarity, with apical processes piercing the ependymal layer, and a basal process contacting blood vessels, constituting an epithelial niche. Conservation of the cytoarchitecture of the niche is of crucial importance for the maintenance of stem cells and for their neurogenic potential. In this minireview we will focus on extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the adult subependymal zone, showing their involvement not only as structural elements sustaining the niche architecture and topology, but also in the maintenance of stemness and regulation of the quiescence-proliferation balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eva Porlan
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Modulation of cell-cell interactions for neural tissue engineering: Potential therapeutic applications of cell adhesion molecules in nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2019; 197:327-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Chen D, Hu S, Liu J, Li S. E-cadherin regulates biological behaviors of neural stem cells and promotes motor function recovery following spinal cord injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2061-2070. [PMID: 30783478 PMCID: PMC6364216 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based repair strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are a highly studied area of research. Multiple gene-modified stem cells have been transplanted into SCI models, in the hope of generating more neurons to repair a damaged nervous system. However, the results are not always successful, as the grafted cells may be unable to survive in the injured spinal cord. E-cadherin, a transmembrane adhesion protein, has been identified as an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker and is vital for morphological structure maintenance and the functional integrity of epithelial cells. At present, few studies have examined the association between E-cadherin and neural stem cells (NSCs). The present study investigated the expression of E-cadherin in subcultured NSCs and differentiated NSCs. Furthermore, the effect of E-cadherin on NSC viability, migration, differentiation and neurosphere formation was assessed. An in vivo study was used to assess the long-term survival of grafted NSCs. Additionally, the protective effect of E-cadherin on SCI was assessed by analyzing tissue repair, Basso Mouse Scale scores and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The results of the present study suggested that E-cadherin was able to promote NSC viability and neurosphere formation; however, it had no significant effect on NSC differentiation. To conclude, grafted NSCs with highly expressed E-cadherin facilitated motor function recovery following SCI by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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26
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Hannou L, Roy P, Ballester Roig MN, Mongrain V. Transcriptional control of synaptic components by the clock machinery. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:241-267. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hannou
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pierre‐Gabriel Roy
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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27
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Tang Y, Yang G, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Xu J, Chen Y, Teng Y, Yang X. E-cadherin is Required for the Homeostasis of Lgr5 + Gastric Antral Stem Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:34-43. [PMID: 30662345 PMCID: PMC6329931 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lgr5-expressing stem cells contribute to the epithelial turnover of the gastric antrum. However, the mechanism controlling the homeostasis of Lgr5+ antral stem cells is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the key role of E-cadherin in the homeostasis of Lgr5+ gastric antral stem cells. The deletion of E-cadherin in these cells results in their apoptosis, thereby leading to a marked decrease in their number. A reduced Lgr5+ stem cell pool caused by the loss of E-cadherin impairs gastric antral epithelial homeostasis in vivo and organoid growth in vitro. Furthermore, p53 contributes to the apoptosis of Lgr5+ stem cells following E-cadherin loss, while the simultaneous deletion of p53 rescues the phenotype in E-cadherin mutants. Our study reveals the critical pro-survival function of E-cadherin in Lgr5+ gastric antral stem cells and the key role of the Lgr5+ stem cell pool in the maintenance of gastric epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yeguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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28
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Paerhati P, Ito A, Yoshioka K, Iwamoto K, Fujiwara S, Horie M, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M. Neural differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells using cadherin gene-engineered PA6 feeder cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:633-640. [PMID: 30391238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Investigating neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, is of importance for studying early neural development and providing a potential source of cells for nerve regeneration. Stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) using PA6 stromal cells promotes neural differentiation of iPS cells. Thus, we hypothesized that cadherin gene-engineered PA6 feeder cells will enhance the performance of SDIA by facilitating cell-cell interactions. Consequently, we created cadherin gene-engineered PA6 cells. Efficiency of neural differentiation from mouse iPS cells on PA6 feeder cells overexpressing E-cadherin gene (46%) or N-cadherin gene (27%) was significantly higher compared with parental PA6 feeder cells (19%). In addition, efficiency of motor neuron differentiation from mouse iPS cells on cadherin-gene engineered feeder cells (E-cadherin, 7.4%; N-cadherin, 11%) was significantly higher compared with parental PA6 feeder cells (4.1%). Altogether, these results indicate that cadherin gene-engineered feeder cells are a potent tool for promoting neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paerwen Paerhati
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kantaro Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaori Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sho Fujiwara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanobu Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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29
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Joshi R, Thakuri PS, Buchanan JC, Li J, Tavana H. Microprinted Stem Cell Niches Reveal Compounding Effect of Colony Size on Stromal Cells-Mediated Neural Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201700832. [PMID: 29193846 PMCID: PMC5842135 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors have a major impact on differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, a novel phenomenon that size of ESC colonies has a significant regulatory role on stromal cells induced differentiation of ESCs to neural cells is reported. Using a robotic cell microprinting technology, defined densities of ESCs are confined within aqueous nanodrops over a layer of supporting stromal cells immersed in a second, immiscible aqueous phase to generate ESC colonies of defined sizes. Temporal protein and gene expression studies demonstrate that larger ESC colonies generate disproportionally more neural cells and longer neurite processes. Unlike previous studies that attribute neural differentiation of ESCs solely to interactions with stromal cells, it is found that increased intercellular signaling of ESCs significantly enhances neural differentiation. This study offers an approach to generate neural cells with improved efficiency for potential use in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - James C Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, 260 S. Forge St., Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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30
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Madl CM, LeSavage BL, Dewi RE, Dinh CB, Stowers RS, Khariton M, Lampe KJ, Nguyen D, Chaudhuri O, Enejder A, Heilshorn SC. Maintenance of neural progenitor cell stemness in 3D hydrogels requires matrix remodelling. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1233-1242. [PMID: 29115291 PMCID: PMC5708569 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) culture within three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels is an attractive strategy for expanding a therapeutically relevant number of stem cells. However, relatively little is known about how 3D material properties such as stiffness and degradability affect the maintenance of NPC stemness in the absence of differentiation factors. Over a physiologically relevant range of stiffness from ∼0.5 to 50 kPa, stemness maintenance did not correlate with initial hydrogel stiffness. In contrast, hydrogel degradation was both correlated with, and necessary for, maintenance of NPC stemness. This requirement for degradation was independent of cytoskeletal tension generation and presentation of engineered adhesive ligands, instead relying on matrix remodelling to facilitate cadherin-mediated cell-cell contact and promote β-catenin signalling. In two additional hydrogel systems, permitting NPC-mediated matrix remodelling proved to be a generalizable strategy for stemness maintenance in 3D. Our findings have identified matrix remodelling, in the absence of cytoskeletal tension generation, as a previously unknown strategy to maintain stemness in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bauer L. LeSavage
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ruby E. Dewi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Cong B. Dinh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ryan S. Stowers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Kyle J. Lampe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Corresponding Author: Sarah C. Heilshorn, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough Room 246, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4045, USA,
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31
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Kim J, Yang K, Lee JS, Hwang YH, Park HJ, Park KI, Lee DY, Cho SW. Enhanced Self-Renewal and Accelerated Differentiation of Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells Using Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28394476 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has received increasing attention in bioengineering fields due to its unique biophysical and electrical properties, along with excellent biocompatibility. The application of GO nanoparticles (GO-NPs) to engineer self-renewal and differentiation of human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) is reported. GO-NPs added to hfNSC culture during neurosphere formation substantially promote cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions in neurospheres. Accordingly, GO-NP-treated hfNSCs show enhanced self-renewal ability and accelerated differentiation compared to untreated cells, indicating the utility of GO in developing stem cell therapies for neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook In Park
- Severance Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Doyle SE, Pahl MC, Siller KH, Ardiff L, Siegrist SE. Neuroblast niche position is controlled by Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent DE-Cadherin adhesion. Development 2017; 144:820-829. [PMID: 28126840 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Correct positioning of stem cells within their niche is essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. How stem cells acquire and maintain niche position remains largely unknown. Here, we show that a subset of brain neuroblasts (NBs) in Drosophila utilize Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and DE-cadherin to build adhesive contact for NB niche positioning. NBs remain within their native microenvironment when levels of PI3-kinase activity and DE-cadherin are elevated in NBs. This occurs through PI3-kinase-dependent regulation of DE-Cadherin-mediated cell adhesion between NBs and neighboring cortex glia, and between NBs and their ganglion mother cell daughters. When levels of PI3-kinase activity and/or DE-Cadherin are reduced in NBs, NBs lose niche position and relocate to a non-native brain region that is rich in neurosecretory neurons, including those that secrete some of the Drosophila insulin-like peptides. Linking levels of PI3-kinase activity to the strength of adhesive attachment could provide cancer stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells with a means to cycle from trophic-poor to trophic-rich microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Doyle
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Karsten H Siller
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lindsay Ardiff
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sarah E Siegrist
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Analysis of the Damage Mechanism Related to CO 2 Laser Cochleostomy on Guinea Pig Cochlea. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5982397. [PMID: 28070426 PMCID: PMC5192333 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5982397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of lasers have been used in inner ear surgery. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to avoid damage to the inner ear (e.g., hyperthermia and acoustic effects) caused by the use of such lasers. The aim of this study was to use a high powered fibre-enabled CO2 laser (10 W, 606 J/cm2) to perform cochleostomies on guinea pig cochlea and to investigate the possible laser-induced damage mechanisms. The temperature changes in the round window membrane, auditory evoked brainstem response, and morphological of the hair cells were measured and recorded before and after laser application. All of the outcomes differed in comparison with the control group. A rise in temperature and subsequent increased hearing loss were observed in animals that underwent surgery with a 10 W CO2 laser. These findings correlated with increased injury to the cochlear ultrastructure and a higher positive expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the damaged organ of Corti. We assume that enhanced cell-cell adhesion and the activated β-catenin-related canonical Wnt-signalling pathway may play a role in the protection of the cochlea to prevent further damage.
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Lee SS, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Ryu JM, Lim HS, Kim JS, Song EJ, Jung YH, Lee HJ, Kim CH, Han HJ. Netrin-1-Induced Stem Cell Bioactivity Contributes to the Regeneration of Injured Tissues via the Lipid Raft-Dependent Integrin α6β4 Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37526. [PMID: 27881869 PMCID: PMC5121594 DOI: 10.1038/srep37526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 (Ntn-1) is a multifunctional neuronal signaling molecule; however, its physiological significance, which improves the tissue-regeneration capacity of stem cells, has not been characterized. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism by which Ntn-1 promotes the proliferation of hUCB-MSCs with regard to the regeneration of injured tissues. We found that Ntn-1 induces the proliferation of hUCB-MSCs mainly via Inα6β4 coupled with c-Src. Ntn-1 induced the recruitment of NADPH oxidases and Rac1 into membrane lipid rafts to facilitate ROS production. The Inα6β4 signaling of Ntn-1 through ROS production is uniquely mediated by the activation of SP1 for cell cycle progression and the transcriptional occupancy of SP1 on the VEGF promoter. Moreover, Ntn-1 has the ability to induce the F-actin reorganization of hUCB-MSCs via the Inα6β4 signaling pathway. In an in vivo model, transplantation of hUCB-MSCs pre-treated with Ntn-1 enhanced the skin wound healing process, where relatively more angiogenesis was detected. The potential effect of Ntn-1 on angiogenesis is further verified by the mouse hindlimb ischemia model, where the pre-activation of hUCB-MSCs with Ntn-1 significantly improved vascular regeneration. These results demonstrate that Ntn-1 plays an important role in the tissue regeneration process of hUCB-MSC via the lipid raft-mediated Inα6β4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Sang Lee
- Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,SKY plastic surgery clinic, 4F, 826-23, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Su Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Song
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chung Hun Kim
- Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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3D patterned stem cell differentiation using thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogel molds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29408. [PMID: 27381562 PMCID: PMC4933913 DOI: 10.1038/srep29408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific patterned stem cell differentiation serves as the basis for the development, remodeling, and regeneration of the multicellular structure of the native tissues. We herein proposed a cytocompatible 3D casting process to recapitulate this patterned stem cell differentiation for reconstructing multicellular tissues in vitro. We first reconstituted the 2D culture conditions for stem cell fate control within 3D hydrogel by incorporating the sets of the diffusible signal molecules delivered through drug-releasing microparticles. Then, utilizing thermo-responsivity of methylcellulose (MC), we developed a cytocompatible casting process to mold these hydrogels into specific 3D configurations, generating the targeted spatial gradients of diffusible signal molecules. The liquid phase of the MC solution was viscous enough to adopt the shapes of 3D impression patterns, while the gelated MC served as a reliable mold for patterning the hydrogel prepolymers. When these patterned hydrogels were integrated together, the stem cells in each hydrogel distinctly differentiated toward individually defined fates, resulting in the formation of the multicellular tissue structure bearing the very structural integrity and characteristics as seen in vascularized bones and osteochondral tissues.
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Ryu JM, Han HJ. Autotaxin-LPA axis regulates hMSC migration by adherent junction disruption and cytoskeletal rearrangement via LPAR1/3-dependent PKC/GSK3β/β-catenin and PKC/Rho GTPase pathways. Stem Cells 2015; 33:819-32. [PMID: 25376707 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive molecules and stem cell-based regenerative engineering is emerging a promising approach for regenerating tissues. Autotaxin (ATX) is a key enzyme that regulates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels in biological fluids, which exerts a wide range of cellular functions. However, the biological role of ATX in human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) migration remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we observed that hMSCs, which were stimulated with LPA, accelerated wound healing, and LPA increased the migration of hMSCs into a wound site in a mouse skin wound healing model. In an experiment to investigate the effect of LPA on hMSC migration, ATX and LPA increased hMSC migration in a dose-dependent manner, and LPA receptor 1/3 siRNA transfections inhibited the ATX-induced cell migration. Furthermore, LPA increased Ca(2+) influx and PKC phosphorylation, which were blocked by Gαi and Gαq knockdown as well as by Ptx pretreatment. LPA increased GSK3β phosphorylation and β-catenin activation. LPA induced the cytosol to nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which was inhibited by PKC inhibitors. LPA stimulated the binding of β-catenin on the E-box located in the promoter of the CDH-1 gene and decreased CDH-1 promoter activity. In addition, the ATX and LPA-induced increase in hMSC migration was blocked by β-catenin siRNA transfection. LPA-induced PKC phosphorylation is also involved in Rac1 and CDC42 activation, and Rac1 and CDC42 knockdown abolished LPA-induced F-actin reorganization. In conclusion, ATX/LPA stimulates the migration of hMSCs through LPAR1/3-dependent E-cadherin reduction and cytoskeletal rearrangement via PKC/GSK3β/β-catenin and PKC/Rho GTPase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Polisetti N, Zenkel M, Menzel-Severing J, Kruse FE, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Stem Cell-Niche-Interactions in the Limbal Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cells 2015; 34:203-19. [PMID: 26349477 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment are critical for regulation and maintenance of stem cell function. To elucidate the molecular interactions within the human limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cell (LEPC) niche, which is essential for maintaining corneal transparency and vision, we performed a comprehensive expression analysis of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) using custom-made quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) arrays and laser capture-microdissected LEPC clusters, comprising LEPCs, melanocytes, mesenchymal cells, and transmigrating immune cells. We show that LEPCs are anchored to their supporting basement membrane by the laminin receptors α3β1 and α6β4 integrin and the dystroglycan complex, while intercellular contacts between LEPCs and melanocytes are mediated by N-, P-, and E-cadherin together with L1-CAM, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig)CAMs. In addition to the LEPC-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans syndecan-2, glypican-3, and glypican-4, the IgCAM members ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were found to be variably expressed on LEPCs and associated niche cells and to be dynamically regulated in response to chemokines such as interferon-γ to enhance interactions with immune cells. Moreover, junctional adhesion molecule JAM-C accumulating in the subepithelial limbal matrix, appeared to be involved in recruitment of immune cells, while mesenchymal stromal cells appeared to use the nephronectin receptor integrin α8 for approaching the limbal basement membrane. In summary, we identified a novel combination of cell surface receptors that may regulate both stable and dynamic cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions within the limbal niche. The findings provide a solid foundation for further functional studies and for advancement of our current therapeutic strategies for ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Polisetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Menzel-Severing
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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38
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Kim MO, Ryu JM, Suh HN, Park SH, Oh YM, Lee SH, Han HJ. cAMP Promotes Cell Migration Through Cell Junctional Complex Dynamics and Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling: Implications in Skin Wound Healing. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2513-24. [PMID: 26192163 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted great interest for their therapeutic capacity in tissue regeneration. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), existing in high concentration at wound sites, mediated various signaling pathways such as cytoskeleton dynamics, cell adhesion, and cell migration in stem cells, which suggest the critical roles of cAMP in the wound healing process through functional regulation of stem cells. However, the mechanisms behind the effect of cAMP on mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) motility and its roles on skin wound healing remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, 8-Bromo cAMP-treated mESCs showed significant wound closure and improved neovascularization. Moreover, 8-Bromo cAMP stimulated mESC migration into the wound bed. 8-Bromo cAMP also increased ESC motility in in vitro migration assay. 8-Bromo cAMP induced myosin light chain phosphorylation through Rac1 and Cdc42 signaling, which were involved in 8-Bromo cAMP-induced decrease in expression of junction proteins (connexin 43, E-cadherin, and occludin) at the plasma membrane. Subsequently, 8-Bromo cAMP induced the disruption of cell junctions (including gap junctions, adherens junctions, and tight junctions), which reduced the function of the gap junctions and cell adhesion. In addition, 8-Bromo cAMP-induced Rac1 and Cdc42 activation increased Arp3, TOCA, PAK, and N-WASP expression, but decreased cofilin phosphorylation level, which elicited actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In contrast to the control, 8-Bromo cAMP evoked a substantial migration of cells into the denuded area, which was blocked by the small interfering RNAs of the signaling pathway-related molecules or by inhibitors. In conclusion, cAMP enhanced the migration of mESCs through effective coordination of junctional disruption and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, which increased the wound healing capacity of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ok Kim
- 1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ryu
- 1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Suh
- 1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- 4 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- 5 Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- 1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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39
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The role of the microenvironment on the fate of adult stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:639-48. [PMID: 25985755 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (SCs) exist in all tissues that promote tissue growth, regeneration, and healing throughout life. The SC niche in which they reside provides signals that direct them to proliferate, differentiate, or remain dormant; these factors include neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, soluble molecules, and physical stimuli. In disease and aging states, stable or transitory changes in the microenvironment can directly cause SC activation or inhibition in tissue healing as well as functional regulation. Here, we discuss the microenvironmental regulation of the behavior of SC and focus on plasticity approaches by which various environmental factors can enhance the function of SCs and more effectively direct the fate of SCs.
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Deleyrolle L, Sabourin JC, Rothhut B, Fujita H, Guichet PO, Teigell M, Ripoll C, Chauvet N, Perrin F, Mamaeva D, Noda T, Mori K, Yoshihara Y, Hugnot JP. OCAM regulates embryonic spinal cord stem cell proliferation by modulating ErbB2 receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122337. [PMID: 25875008 PMCID: PMC4395419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells are tightly controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Cell adhesion molecules are increasingly recognized as regulators of these processes. Here we report the expression of the olfactory cell adhesion molecule (OCAM/NCAM2/RNCAM) during mouse spinal cord development and in neural stem cells cultured as neurospheres. OCAM is also weakly expressed in the dormant adult stem cell niche around the central canal and is overexpressed after spinal cord injury. Both transmembrane (TM) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked isoforms are present in neurospheres. Electron microscopy and internalisation experiments revealed a dynamic trafficking of OCAM between the membrane and intracellular compartments. After differentiation, OCAM remains in neurons and oligodendrocytes whereas no expression is detected in astrocytes. Using OCAM knockout (KO) mice, we found that mutant spinal cord stem cells showed an increased proliferation and self-renewal rates although no effect on differentiation was observed. This effect was reversed by lentivirus-mediated re-introduction of OCAM. Mechanistically, we identified the ErbB2/Neu/HER2 protein as being implicated in the enhanced proliferation of mutant cells. ErbB2 protein expression and phosphorylation level were significantly increased in KO cells whereas no difference was observed at the mRNA level. Overexpression of ErbB2 in wild-type and mutant cells also increased their growth while reintroduction of OCAM in mutant cells reduced the level of phosphorylated ErbB2. These results indicate that OCAM exerts a posttranscriptional control on the ErbB2 signalling in spinal cord stem cells. This study adds further support for considering cell adhesion molecules as regulators of the ErbB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Bernard Rothhut
- INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Marisa Teigell
- INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Ripoll
- INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Norbert Chauvet
- INSERM U661, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Perrin
- INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Daria Mamaeva
- INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
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Friedman LG, Benson DL, Huntley GW. Cadherin-based transsynaptic networks in establishing and modifying neural connectivity. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 112:415-65. [PMID: 25733148 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is tacitly understood that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are critically important for the development of cells, circuits, and synapses in the brain. What is less clear is what CAMs continue to contribute to brain structure and function after the early period of development. Here, we focus on the cadherin family of CAMs to first briefly recap their multidimensional roles in neural development and then to highlight emerging data showing that with maturity, cadherins become largely dispensible for maintaining neuronal and synaptic structure, instead displaying new and narrower roles at mature synapses where they critically regulate dynamic aspects of synaptic signaling, structural plasticity, and cognitive function. At mature synapses, cadherins are an integral component of multiprotein networks, modifying synaptic signaling, morphology, and plasticity through collaborative interactions with other CAM family members as well as a variety of neurotransmitter receptors, scaffolding proteins, and other effector molecules. Such recognition of the ever-evolving functions of synaptic cadherins may yield insight into the pathophysiology of brain disorders in which cadherins have been implicated and that manifest at different times of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Friedman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Deanna L Benson
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - George W Huntley
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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42
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Schneider MR, Kolligs FT. E-cadherin's role in development, tissue homeostasis and disease: Insights from mouse models: Tissue-specific inactivation of the adhesion protein E-cadherin in mice reveals its functions in health and disease. Bioessays 2014; 37:294-304. [PMID: 25449798 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies uncovered critical roles of the adhesion protein E-cadherin in health and disease. Global inactivation of Cdh1, the gene encoding E-cadherin in mice, results in early embryonic lethality due to an inability to form the trophectodermal epithelium. To unravel E-cadherin's functions beyond development, numerous mouse lines with tissue-specific disruption of Cdh1 have been generated. The consequences of E-cadherin loss showed great variability depending on the tissue in question, ranging from nearly undetectable changes to a complete loss of tissue structure and function. This review focuses on these studies and discusses how they provided important insights into E-cadherin's role in cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and its consequences for biological processes as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, vascularization, and carcinogenesis. Lastly, we present some perspectives and possible approaches for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Germany
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43
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Moore SA, Oglesbee MJ. Spinal Cord Ependymal Responses to Naturally Occurring Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:1108-17. [PMID: 25445323 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814560235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The spinal cord ependymal layer (SEL) is a recent focus in spinal cord injury (SCI) research because of its potential to serve as a source of endogenous neural stem cells. Dogs are an important spontaneous model of SCI; however, there is a paucity of information available in the literature regarding the canine SEL. Here we describe the histologic appearance and immunohistochemical staining patterns of the SEL in normal dogs (n = 4) and dogs with acute SCI caused by intervertebral disk extrusion (n = 7). Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA, Ki-67, caspase 3, E-cadherin, GFAP, and vimentin was employed in both groups. Staining for Ki-67 was absent in the SEL of normal and SCI-affected dogs, indicating possible restricted proliferative capacity of the canine SEL acutely after SCI. GFAP-positive cells were increased after SCI at both at the lesion epicenter and at proximal spinal cord sites (P = .001 and P = .006, respectively), supporting the possibility of astrocytic differentiation within the SEL after SCI. Total E-cadherin staining did not differ between normal and SCI-affected dogs (P = .42 for lesion epicenter, P = .09 at proximal sites) and was restricted to the apical cell surface in normal dogs. After SCI, E-cadherin staining was membrane-circumferential and cytosolic in nature, indicating possible loss of cellular polarity after injury that could drive cell migration from the SEL to injury sites. Enhanced GFAP expression and changes in E-cadherin expression patterns support additional studies to evaluate the canine SEL as a source of endogenous neural precursors that may be modulated for future clinical interventions after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (SAM), The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Oglesbee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences (MJO), The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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44
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Liu KC, Yo YT, Huang RL, Wang YC, Liao YP, Huang TS, Chao TK, Lin CK, Weng SJ, Ma KH, Chang CC, Yu MH, Lai HC. Ovarian cancer stem-like cells show induced translineage-differentiation capacity and are suppressed by alkaline phosphatase inhibitor. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2366-82. [PMID: 24280306 PMCID: PMC3926833 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spheroid formation is one property of stem cells—such as embryo-derived or neural stem cells—that has been used for the enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs). However, it is unclear whether CSLC-derived spheroids are heterogeneous or whether they share common embryonic stemness properties. Understanding these features might lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Ovarian carcinoma is a deadly disease of women. We identified two types of spheroids (SR1 and SR2) from ovarian cancer cell lines and patients' specimens according to their morphology. Both types expressed stemness markers and could self-renew and initiate tumors when a low number of cells were used. Only SR1 could differentiate into multiple-lineage cell types under specific induction conditions. SR1 spheroids could differentiate to SR2 spheroids through epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was highly expressed in SR1 spheroids, decreased in SR2 spheroids, and was absent in differentiated progenies in accordance with the loss of stemness properties. We verified that ALP can be a marker for ovarian CSLCs, and patients with greater ALP expression is related to advanced clinical stages and have a higher risk of recurrence and lower survival rate. The ALP inhibitor, levamisole, disrupted the self-renewal of ovarian CSLCs in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In summary, this research provides a plastic ovarian cancer stem cell model and a new understanding of the cross-link between stem cells and cancers. This results show that ovarian CSLCs can be suppressed by levamisole. Our findings demonstrated that some ovarian CSLCs may restore ALP activity, and this suggests that inhibition of ALP activity may present a new opportunity for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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DeVeale B, Bausch-Fluck D, Seaberg R, Runciman S, Akbarian V, Karpowicz P, Yoon C, Song H, Leeder R, Zandstra PW, Wollscheid B, van der Kooy D. Surfaceome profiling reveals regulators of neural stem cell function. Stem Cells 2014; 32:258-68. [PMID: 24023036 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The composition of cell-surface proteins changes during lineage specification, altering cellular responses to their milieu. The changes that characterize maturation of early neural stem cells (NSCs) remain poorly understood. Here we use mass spectrometry-based cell surface capture technology to profile the cell surface of early NSCs and demonstrate functional requirements for several enriched molecules. Primitive NSCs arise from embryonic stem cells upon removal of Transforming growth factor-β signaling, while definitive NSCs arise from primitive NSCs upon Lif removal and FGF addition. In vivo aggregation assays revealed that N-cadherin upregulation is sufficient for the initial exclusion of definitive NSCs from pluripotent ectoderm, while c-kit signaling limits progeny of primitive NSCs. Furthermore, we implicate EphA4 in primitive NSC survival signaling and Erbb2 as being required for NSC proliferation. This work elucidates several key mediators of NSC function whose relevance is confirmed on forebrain-derived populations and identifies a host of other candidates that may regulate NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian DeVeale
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sharp T, Wang J, Li X, Cao H, Gao S, Moreno M, Amendt BA. A pituitary homeobox 2 (Pitx2):microRNA-200a-3p:β-catenin pathway converts mesenchymal cells to amelogenin-expressing dental epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27327-27341. [PMID: 25122764 PMCID: PMC4175363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.575654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pitx2, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and microRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in the regulation of dental stem cells during embryonic development. In this report, we have identified a Pitx2:β-catenin regulatory pathway involved in epithelial cell differentiation and conversion of mesenchymal cells to amelogenin expressing epithelial cells via miR-200a. Pitx2 and β-catenin are expressed in the labial incisor cervical loop or epithelial stem cell niche, with decreased expression in the differentiating ameloblast cells of the mouse lower incisor. Bioinformatics analyses reveal that miR-200a-3p expression is activated in the pre-ameloblast cells to enhance epithelial cell differentiation. We demonstrate that Pitx2 activates miR-200a-3p expression and miR-200a-3p reciprocally represses Pitx2 and β-catenin expression. Pitx2 and β-catenin interact to synergistically activate gene expression during odontogenesis and miR-200a-3p attenuates their expression and directs differentiation. To understand how this mechanism controls cell differentiation and cell fate, oral epithelial and odontoblast mesenchymal cells were reprogrammed by a two-step induction method using Pitx2 and miR-200a-3p. Conversion to amelogenin expressing dental epithelial cells involved an up-regulation of the stem cell marker Sox2 and proliferation genes and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers. E-cadherin expression was increased as well as ameloblast specific factors. The combination of Pitx2, a regulator of dental stem cells and miR-200a converts mesenchymal cells to a fully differentiated dental epithelial cell type. This pathway and reprogramming can be used to reprogram mesenchymal or oral epithelial cells to dental epithelial (ameloblast) cells, which can be used in tissue repair and regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thad Sharp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Huojun Cao
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Myriam Moreno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
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Abstract
As stem cells (SCs) in adult organs continue to be identified and characterized, it becomes clear that their survival, quiescence, and activation depend on specific signals in their microenvironment, or niche. Although adult SCs of diverse tissues differ by their developmental origin, cycling activity, and regenerative capacity, there appear to be conserved similarities regarding the cellular and molecular components of the SC niche. Interestingly, many organs house both slow-cycling and fast-cycling SC populations, which rely on the coexistence of quiescent and inductive niches for proper regulation. In this review we present a general definition of adult SC niches in the most studied mammalian systems. We further focus on dissecting their cellular organization and on highlighting recently identified key molecular regulators. Finally, we detail the potential involvement of the SC niche in tissue degeneration, with a particular emphasis on aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Sennett
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Use of miRNA response sequences to block off-target replication and increase the safety of an unattenuated, glioblastoma-targeted oncolytic HSV. Mol Ther 2014; 23:99-107. [PMID: 25200130 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer for which there is no effective treatment. Oncolytic HSV vectors (oHSVs) are attenuated lytic viruses that have shown promise in the treatment of human GBM models in animals, but their efficacy in early phase patient trials has been limited. Instead of attenuating the virus with mutations in virulence genes, we engineered four copies of the recognition sequence for miR-124 into the 3'UTR of the essential ICP4 gene to protect healthy tissue against lytic virus replication; miR-124 is expressed in neurons but not in glioblastoma cells. Following intracranial inoculation into nude mice, the miR-124-sensitive vector failed to replicate or show overt signs of pathogenesis. To address the concern that this safety feature may reduce oncolytic activity, we inserted the miR-124 response elements into an unattenuated, human receptor (EGFR/EGFRvIII)-specific HSV vector. We found that miR-124 sensitivity did not cause a loss of treatment efficiency in an orthotopic model of primary human GBM in nude mice. These results demonstrate that engineered miR-124 responsiveness can eliminate off-target replication by unattenuated oHSV without compromising oncolytic activity, thereby providing increased safety.
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Zhang C, Tu F, Zhang JY, Shen L. E-cadherin-transfected neural stem cells transplantation for spinal cord injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:554-558. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang H, Kane AW, Lee C, Ahn S. Gli3 repressor controls cell fates and cell adhesion for proper establishment of neurogenic niche. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1093-104. [PMID: 25127137 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) rely on environmental signals provided by the neurogenic niche for their proper function. However, little is known about the initial steps of niche establishment, as embryonic radial glia transition to postnatal NSCs. Here, we identify Gli3 repressor (Gli3R), a component of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, as a critical factor controlling both cell-type specification and structural organization of the developing SVZ. We demonstrate that Gli3R expressed in radial glia temporally regulates gp130/STAT3 signaling at the transcriptional level to suppress glial characteristics in differentiating ependymal cells. In addition, Gli3R maintains the proper level of Numb in ependymal cells to allow localization of cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and E-cadherin. Thus, our findings reveal a role for Gli3R as a mediator of niche establishment and provide insights into the conditions required for proper SVZ neurogenic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna W Kane
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Brown-NIH Graduate Partnership Program, Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Cheol Lee
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sohyun Ahn
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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