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Clarin JD, Reddy N, Alexandropoulos C, Gao WJ. The role of cell adhesion molecule IgSF9b at the inhibitory synapse and psychiatric disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105476. [PMID: 38029609 PMCID: PMC10842117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding perturbations in synaptic function between health and disease states is crucial to the treatment of neuropsychiatric illness. While genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci implicated in synaptic dysfunction in disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, many have not been rigorously characterized. Here, we highlight immunoglobulin superfamily member 9b (IgSF9b), a cell adhesion molecule thought to localize exclusively to inhibitory synapses in the brain. While both pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest its association with psychiatric diseases, our understanding of IgSF9b in synaptic maintenance, neural circuits, and behavioral phenotypes remains rudimentary. Moreover, these functions wield undiscovered influences on neurodevelopment. This review evaluates current literature and publicly available gene expression databases to explore the implications of IgSF9b dysfunction in rodents and humans. Through a focused analysis of one high-risk gene locus, we identify areas requiring further investigation and unearth clues related to broader mechanisms contributing to the synaptic etiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Clarin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Natasha Reddy
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Cassandra Alexandropoulos
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
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Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Lian X, Zhang J, Kong F, Hu T, Wang T, Li X, Wang L, Wang D, Li C, Luan H, Liu X, Wang C, Jiang Y, Li X, Li F, Ji S, Wang Y, Li Z. Targeting the Immunoglobulin IGSF9 Enhances Antitumor T-cell Activity and Sensitivity to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3385-3399. [PMID: 37506192 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints modulate the immune response and represent important immunotherapy targets for cancer treatment. However, as many tumors are resistant to current immune checkpoint inhibitors, the discovery of novel immune checkpoints could facilitate the development of additional immunotherapeutic strategies to improve patient responses. Here, we identified increased expression of the adhesion molecule immunoglobulin superfamily member 9 (IGSF9) in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells across multiple cancer types. IGSF9 overexpression or knockout in tumor cells did not alter cell proliferation in vitro or tumor growth in immunocompromised mice. Alternatively, IGSF9 deficient tumor cells lost the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation and exhibited reduced growth in immunocompetent mice. Similarly, growth of tumor cells was reduced in IGSF9 knockout syngeneic and humanized mice, accompanied by increased tumor-infiltrating T cells. Mechanistically, the extracellular domain (ECD) of IGSF9 bound to T cells and inhibited their proliferation and activation, and the tumor-promoting effect of IGSF9 ECD was reversed by CD3+ T-cell depletion. Anti-IGSF9 antibody treatment inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed tumor microenvironment remodeling from tumor promoting to tumor suppressive following anti-IGSF9 treatment. Together, these results indicate that IGSF9 promotes tumor immune evasion and is a candidate immune checkpoint target. SIGNIFICANCE IGSF9 is an immune checkpoint regulator that suppresses T-cell activation in cancer and can be targeted to stimulate antitumor immunity and inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xia Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Kong
- Shandong Institute of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of thoracic surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Yantai Central Blood Station, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fangmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shuhao Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yaopeng Wang
- Department of thoracic surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zunling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumor Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
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Shaw HS, Larkin J, Rao Y. Phototactic T-maze Behavioral Assay for Comparing the Functionality of Color-sensitive Photoreceptor Subtypes in the Drosophila Visual System. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3558. [PMID: 33659530 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila retina contains light-sensitive photoreceptors (R cells) with distinct spectral sensitivities that allow them to distinguish light by its spectral composition. R7 and R8 photoreceptors are important for color vision, and can be further classified into pale (p) or yellow (y) subtypes depending on the rhodopsin expressed. While both R7y and R7p are sensitive to UV light, R8y and R8p detect light in the green and blue spectrum, respectively. The ability of R7 and R8 photoreceptors to distinguish different spectral sensitivities and the natural preference for Drosophila towards light sources (phototaxis), allow for the development of a phototactic T-maze assay that compares the functionality of different R7 and R8 subtypes. A "UV vs. blue" choice can compare the functionalities of R7p and R8p photoreceptors, while a "UV vs. green" choice can compare the functionalities of R7y and R8y photoreceptors. Additionally, a "blue vs. green" choice could be used to compare R8p and R8y photoreceptors, while a "dark vs. light" choice could be used to determine overall vision functionality. Although electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging have been used to examine functionality of R7 and R8 photoreceptors, these approaches require expensive equipment and are technically challenging. The phototactic T-maze assay we present here is a robust, straight-forward and an inexpensive method to study genetic and developmental factors that contribute to the individual functionality of R7 and R8 photoreceptors, and is especially useful when performing large-scale genetic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S Shaw
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.,McGill Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Joe Larkin
- Department of Medical Physics, McGill University Health Centre, Cedars Cancer Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yong Rao
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.,McGill Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
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