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van Hameren G, Aboghazleh R, Parker E, Dreier JP, Kaufer D, Friedman A. From spreading depolarization to blood-brain barrier dysfunction: navigating traumatic brain injury for novel diagnosis and therapy. Nat Rev Neurol 2024:10.1038/s41582-024-00973-9. [PMID: 38886512 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Considerable strides in medical interventions during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have brought improved overall survival rates. However, following TBI, people often face ongoing, persistent and debilitating long-term complications. Here, we review the recent literature to propose possible mechanisms that lead from TBI to long-term complications, focusing particularly on the involvement of a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB). We discuss evidence for the role of spreading depolarization as a key pathological mechanism associated with microvascular dysfunction and the transformation of astrocytes to an inflammatory phenotype. Finally, we summarize new predictive and diagnostic biomarkers and explore potential therapeutic targets for treating long-term complications of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben van Hameren
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Refat Aboghazleh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ellen Parker
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jens P Dreier
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zelman Inter-Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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2
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Xiang Y, Zhao Y, Cheng T, Sun S, Wang J, Pei R. Implantable Neural Microelectrodes: How to Reduce Immune Response. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2762-2783. [PMID: 38591141 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural microelectrodes exhibit the great ability to accurately capture the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons with exceptional submillisecond precision, holding tremendous potential for advancing brain science research, as well as offering promising avenues for neurological disease therapy. Although significant advancements have been made in the channel and density of implantable neural microelectrodes, challenges persist in extending the stable recording duration of these microelectrodes. The enduring stability of implanted electrode signals is primarily influenced by the chronic immune response triggered by the slight movement of the electrode within the neural tissue. The intensity of this immune response increases with a higher bending stiffness of the electrode. This Review thoroughly analyzes the sequential reactions evoked by implanted electrodes in the brain and highlights strategies aimed at mitigating chronic immune responses. Minimizing immune response mainly includes designing the microelectrode structure, selecting flexible materials, surface modification, and controlling drug release. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable references and ideas for reducing the immune response of implantable neural microelectrodes and stimulate their further exploration in the field of brain science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shengkai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jine Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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Pisa M, Watson JL, Spencer JI, Niblett G, Mahjoub Y, Lockhart A, Yates RL, Yee SA, Hadley G, Ruiz J, Esiri MM, Kessler B, Fischer R, DeLuca GC. A role for vessel-associated extracellular matrix proteins in multiple sclerosis pathology. Brain Pathol 2024:e13263. [PMID: 38659387 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is unsurpassed for its clinical and pathological hetherogeneity, but the biological determinants of this variability are unknown. HLA-DRB1*15, the main genetic risk factor for MS, influences the severity and distribution of MS pathology. This study set out to unravel the molecular determinants of the heterogeneity of MS pathology in relation to HLA-DRB1*15 status. Shotgun proteomics from a discovery cohort of MS spinal cord samples segregated by HLA-DRB*15 status revealed overexpression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, biglycan, decorin, and prolargin in HLA-DRB*15-positive cases, adding to established literature on a role of ECM proteins in MS pathology that has heretofore lacked systematic pathological validation. These findings informed a neuropathological characterisation of these proteins in a large autopsy cohort of 41 MS cases (18 HLA-DRB1*15-positive and 23 HLA-DRB1*15-negative), and seven non-neurological controls on motor cortical, cervical and lumbar spinal cord tissue. Biglycan and decorin demonstrate a striking perivascular expression pattern in controls that is reduced in MS (-36.5%, p = 0.036 and - 24.7%, p = 0.039; respectively) in lesional and non-lesional areas. A concomitant increase in diffuse parenchymal accumulation of biglycan and decorin is seen in MS (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001, respectively), particularly in HLA-DRB1*15-positive cases (p = 0.007 and p = 0.046, respectively). Prolargin shows a faint parenchymal pattern in controls that is markedly increased in MS cases where a perivascular deposition pattern is observed (motor cortex +97.5%, p = 0.001; cervical cord +49.1%, p = 0.016). Our findings point to ECM proteins and the vascular interface playing a central role in MS pathology within and outside the plaque area. As ECM proteins are known potent pro-inflammatory molecules, their parenchymal accumulation may contribute to disease severity. This study brings to light novel factors that may contribute to the heterogeneity of the topographical variation of MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pisa
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jonathan I Spencer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Guy Niblett
- Oxford Medical School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yasamin Mahjoub
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew Lockhart
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard L Yates
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sydney A Yee
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gina Hadley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Ruiz
- Mandell MS Center, Trinity Health of New England, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret M Esiri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedict Kessler
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Manou D, Golfinopoulou MA, Alharbi SND, Alghamdi HA, Alzahrani FM, Theocharis AD. The Expression of Serglycin Is Required for Active Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor I Tumorigenic Signaling in Glioblastoma Cells and Paracrine Activation of Stromal Fibroblasts via CXCR-2. Biomolecules 2024; 14:461. [PMID: 38672477 PMCID: PMC11048235 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Serglycin (SRGN) is a pro-tumorigenic proteoglycan expressed and secreted by various aggressive tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). In our study, we investigated the interplay and biological outcomes of SRGN with TGFβRI, CXCR-2 and inflammatory mediators in GBM cells and fibroblasts. SRGN overexpression is associated with poor survival in GBM patients. High SRGN levels also exhibit a positive correlation with increased levels of various inflammatory mediators including members of TGFβ signaling pathway, cytokines and receptors including CXCR-2 and proteolytic enzymes in GBM patients. SRGN-suppressed GBM cells show decreased expressions of TGFβRI associated with lower responsiveness to the manipulation of TGFβ/TGFβRI pathway and the regulation of pro-tumorigenic properties. Active TGFβRI signaling in control GBM cells promotes their proliferation, invasion, proteolytic and inflammatory potential. Fibroblasts cultured with culture media derived by control SRGN-expressing GBM cells exhibit increased proliferation, migration and overexpression of cytokines and proteolytic enzymes including CXCL-1, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL-20, CCL-2, and MMP-9. Culture media derived by SRGN-suppressed GBM cells fail to induce the above properties to fibroblasts. Importantly, the activation of fibroblasts by GBM cells not only relies on the expression of SRGN in GBM cells but also on active CXCR-2 signaling both in GBM cells and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.M.); (M.-A.G.)
| | - Maria-Angeliki Golfinopoulou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.M.); (M.-A.G.)
| | - Sara Naif D. Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.D.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Hind A. Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.D.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.D.A.); (H.A.A.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.M.); (M.-A.G.)
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Adewumi HO, Berniac GI, McCarthy EA, O'Shea TM. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke lesion environments differentially alter the glia repair potential of neural progenitor cell and immature astrocyte grafts. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114692. [PMID: 38244885 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Using cell grafting to direct glia-based repair mechanisms in adult CNS injuries represents a potential therapeutic strategy for supporting functional neural parenchymal repair. However, glia repair directed by neural progenitor cell (NPC) grafts is dramatically altered by increasing lesion size, severity, and mode of injury. To address this, we studied the interplay between astrocyte differentiation and cell proliferation of NPC in vitro to generate proliferating immature astrocytes (ImA) using hysteretic conditioning. ImA maintain proliferation rates at comparable levels to NPC but showed robust immature astrocyte marker expression including Gfap and Vimentin. ImA demonstrated enhanced resistance to myofibroblast-like phenotypic transformations upon exposure to serum enriched environments in vitro compared to NPC and were more effective at scratch wound closure in vitro compared to quiescent astrocytes. Glia repair directed by ImA at acute ischemic striatal stroke lesions was equivalent to NPC but better than quiescent astrocyte grafts. While ischemic injury environments supported enhanced survival of grafts compared to healthy striatum, hemorrhagic lesions were hostile towards both NPC and ImA grafts leading to poor survival and ineffective modulation of natural wound repair processes. Our findings demonstrate that lesion environments, rather than transcriptional pre-graft states, determine the survival, cell-fate, and glia repair competency of cell grafts applied to acute CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honour O Adewumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA
| | - Gabriela I Berniac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA
| | - Emily A McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA
| | - Timothy M O'Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215-2407, USA.
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Khoshneviszadeh M, Henneicke S, Pirici D, Senthilnathan A, Morton L, Arndt P, Kaushik R, Norman O, Jukkola J, Dunay IR, Seidenbecher C, Heikkinen A, Schreiber S, Dityatev A. Microvascular damage, neuroinflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in Col18a1 knockout mice as a model for early cerebral small vessel disease. Matrix Biol 2024; 128:39-64. [PMID: 38387749 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Collagen type XVIII (COL18) is an abundant heparan sulfate proteoglycan in vascular basement membranes. Here, we asked (i) if the loss of COL18 would result in blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, pathological alterations of small arteries and capillaries and neuroinflammation as found in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and (ii) if such changes may be associated with remodeling of synapses and neural extracellular matrix (ECM). We found that 5-month-old Col18a1-/- mice had elevated BBB permeability for mouse IgG in the deep gray matter, and intravascular erythrocyte accumulations were observed brain-wide in capillaries and arterioles. BBB permeability increased with age and affected cortical regions and the hippocampus in 12-month-old Col18a1-/- mice. None of the Col18a1-/- mice displayed hallmarks of advanced CSVD, such as hemorrhages, and did not show perivascular space enlargement. Col18a1 deficiency-induced BBB leakage was accompanied by activation of microglia and astrocytes, a loss of aggrecan in the ECM of perineuronal nets associated with fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons and accumulation of the perisynaptic ECM proteoglycan brevican and the microglial complement protein C1q at excitatory synapses. As the pathway underlying these regulations, we found increased signaling through the TGF-ß1/Smad3/TIMP-3 cascade. We verified the pivotal role of COL18 for small vessel wall structure in CSVD by demonstrating the protein's involvement in vascular remodeling in autopsy brains from patients with cerebral hypertensive arteriopathy. Our study highlights an association between the alterations of perivascular ECM, extracellular proteolysis, and perineuronal/perisynaptic ECM, as a possible substrate of synaptic and cognitive alterations in CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Solveig Henneicke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pirici
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Lorena Morton
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Arndt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oula Norman
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Jukkola
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Constanze Seidenbecher
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Heleniak Z, Matusik PT, Undas A. Altered fibrin clot properties are associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease in atrial fibrillation. Thromb Res 2024; 236:14-21. [PMID: 38387299 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Formation of denser and resistant to lysis fibrin clot networks has been shown in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated whether such prothrombotic fibrin clot properties are associated with faster progression of CKD in AF patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 265 AF patients (men 49.1 %, median age of 64.0 years, median estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] of 77.0 ml/min/1.73 m2), including 137 patients on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (51.7 %) and 109 patients (41.1 %) on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). At baseline while off anticoagulation, we determined fibrin clot permeability (Ks), and clot lysis time (CLT), along with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The kidney function was assessed at baseline and after a median follow-up of 50.0 months. RESULTS During follow-up, a median eGFR decreased by 8.0 (5.0-11.0) ml/min/1.73 m2, 1.8 ml/min/1.73 m2/year and this change correlated with age (R = 0.19, P = 0.002), Ks (R = 0.46, P < 0.0001), and CLT (R = -0.17, P = 0.005), but not ETP, fibrinogen, PAI-1 or vWF. A decrease in eGFR was lower in patients who used NOACs at baseline but not in those who started NOACs during follow-up (n = 101) as compared to the remaining patients. On multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for age and fibrinogen, baseline Ks, eGFR, hypertension, and NOACs use independently predicted a decrease in eGFR. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show that more compact fibrin clot networks may contribute to faster progression of CKD in AF, indicating novel kidney-related harmful effects of prothrombotic clot properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Heleniak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł T Matusik
- St. John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anetta Undas
- St. John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Tong S, Xie L, Xie X, Xu J, You Y, Sun Y, Zhou S, Ma C, Jiang G, Ma F, Wang Z, Gao X, Chen J. Nano-Plumber Reshapes Glymphatic-Lymphatic System to Sustain Microenvironment Homeostasis and Improve Long-Term Prognosis after Traumatic Brain Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304284. [PMID: 37867233 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Long-term changes in the microenvironment of the brain contribute to the degeneration of neurological function following TBI. However, current research focuses primarily on short-term modulation during the early phases of TBI, not on the critical significance of long-term homeostasis in the brain microenvironment. Notably, dysfunction of the glymphatic-lymphatic system results in the accumulation of danger/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the brain, which is regarded as the leading cause of long-term microenvironmental disturbances following TBI. Here, a nanostructure, Nano-plumber, that co-encapsulates the microenvironment regulator pro-DHA and the lymphatic-specific growth factor VEGF-C is developed, allowing for a sustainable and orderly regulation of the microenvironment to promote long-term neurological recovery. Nano-plumber reverses the injury microenvironment by suppressing microglia and astrocytes activation and maintaining reduced activation via enhanced glymphatic-lymphatic drainage, and significantly improves the neurological function of rodents with TBI. This study demonstrates that glymphatic-lymphatic system reconstruction is essential for enhancing long-term prognosis following TBI, and that the Nano-plumber developed here may serve as a clinically translatable treatment option for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Laozhi Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianpei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yinzhe Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Songlei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chuchu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Malik SC, Lin JD, Ziegler-Waldkirch S, Tholen S, Deshpande SS, Schwabenland M, Schilling O, Vlachos A, Meyer-Luehmann M, Schachtrup C. Tpr Misregulation in Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2757. [PMID: 38067185 PMCID: PMC10706632 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are highly dynamic macromolecular protein structures that facilitate molecular exchange across the nuclear envelope. Aberrant NPC functioning has been implicated in neurodegeneration. The translocated promoter region (Tpr) is a critical scaffolding nucleoporin (Nup) of the nuclear basket, facing the interior of the NPC. However, the role of Tpr in adult neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. Using super-resolution (SR) and electron microscopy, we defined the different subcellular localizations of Tpr and phospho-Tpr (P-Tpr) in NSPCs in vitro and in vivo. Elevated Tpr expression and reduced P-Tpr nuclear localization accompany NSPC differentiation along the neurogenic lineage. In 5xFAD mice, an animal model of AD, increased Tpr expression in DCX+ hippocampal neuroblasts precedes increased neurogenesis at an early stage, before the onset of amyloid-β plaque formation. Whereas nuclear basket Tpr interacts with chromatin modifiers and NSPC-related transcription factors, P-Tpr interacts and co-localizes with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at the nuclear chromatin of NSPCs. In hippocampal NSPCs in a mouse model of AD, aberrant Tpr expression was correlated with altered NPC morphology and counts, and Tpr was aberrantly expressed in postmortem human brain samples from patients with AD. Thus, we propose that altered levels and subcellular localization of Tpr in CNS disease affect Tpr functionality, which in turn regulates the architecture and number of NSPC NPCs, possibly leading to aberrant neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C. Malik
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jia-Di Lin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ziegler-Waldkirch
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.-W.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Sachin S. Deshpande
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius Schwabenland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModul Basics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.-W.); (M.M.-L.)
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModul Basics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModul Basics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Dong Y, Zhao K, Qin X, Du G, Gao L. The mechanisms of perineuronal net abnormalities in contributing aging and neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102092. [PMID: 37839757 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The perineuronal net (PNN) is a highly latticed extracellular matrix in the central nervous system, which is composed of hyaluronic acid, proteoglycan, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein (Hapln), and tenascin. PNN is predominantly distributed in GABAergic interneurons expressing Parvalbumin (PV) and plays a critical role in synaptic function, learning and memory, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, PNN's structure and function are also modulated by a variety of factors, including protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ), orthodenticle homeo-box 2 (Otx2), and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a component of proteoglycan, also influences PNN through its sulfate mode. PNN undergoes abnormal changes during aging and in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, there is limited report on the relationship between PNN and aging or age-related neurological diseases. This review elaborates on the mechanisms governing PNN regulation and summarizes how PNN abnormalities contribute to aging and neurological diseases, offering insights for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Dong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
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11
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Li H, Ghorbani S, Zhang R, Ebacher V, Stephenson EL, Keough MB, Yong VW, Xue M. Prominent elevation of extracellular matrix molecules in intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1251432. [PMID: 38025264 PMCID: PMC10658787 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1251432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the predominant type of hemorrhagic stroke with high mortality and disability. In other neurological conditions, the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules is a prominent obstacle for regenerative processes and an enhancer of neuroinflammation. Whether ECM molecules alter in composition after ICH, and which ECM members may inhibit repair, remain largely unknown in hemorrhagic stroke. Methods The collagenase-induced ICH mouse model and an autopsied human ICH specimen were investigated for expression of ECM members by immunofluorescence microscopy. Confocal image z-stacks were analyzed with Imaris 3D to assess the association of immune cells and ECM molecules. Sections from a mouse model of multiple sclerosis were used as disease and staining controls. Tissue culture was employed to examine the roles of ECM members on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Results Among the lectican chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) members, neurocan but not aggrecan, versican-V1 and versican-V2 was prominently expressed in perihematomal tissue and lesion core compared to the contralateral area in murine ICH. Fibrinogen, fibronectin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) were also elevated after murine ICH while thrombospondin and tenascin-C was not. Confocal microscopy with Imaris 3D rendering co-localized neurocan, fibrinogen, fibronectin and HSPG molecules to Iba1+ microglia/macrophages or GFAP+ astrocytes. Marked differentiation from the multiple sclerosis model was observed, the latter with high versican-V1 and negligible neurocan. In culture, purified neurocan inhibited adhesion and process outgrowth of OPCs, which are early steps in myelination in vivo. The prominent expression of neurocan in murine ICH was corroborated in human ICH sections. Conclusion ICH caused distinct alterations in ECM molecules. Among CSPG members, neurocan was selectively upregulated in both murine and human ICH. In tissue culture, neurocan impeded the properties of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Alterations to the ECM in ICH may adversely affect reparative outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vincent Ebacher
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erin L. Stephenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael B. Keough
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Shaik MG, Joshi SV, Akunuri R, Rana P, Rahman Z, Polomoni A, Yaddanapudi VM, Dandekar MP, Srinivas N. Small molecule inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome and GSK-3β in the management of traumatic brain injury: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115718. [PMID: 37573828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating mental condition which causes physical disability and morbidity worldwide. TBI may damage the brain by direct injury that subsequently triggers a series of neuroinflammatory events. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and dysregulated host immune system has been documented in various neurological disorders such as TBI, ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. The activation of NLRP3 post-TBI increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase-1, which are major drivers of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Similarly, GSK-3β regulates apoptosis through tyrosine kinase and canonical Wnt signalling pathways. Thus, therapeutic targeting of NLRP3 inflammasome and GSK-3β has emerged as promising strategies for regulating the post-TBI neuroinflammation and neurobehavioral disturbances. In this review, we discuss the identification & development of several structurally diverse and pharmacologically interesting small molecule inhibitors for targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSK-3β in the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahammad Ghouse Shaik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Ravikumar Akunuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India; Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Preeti Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Anusha Polomoni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India.
| | - Nanduri Srinivas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India.
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13
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Verkhratsky A, Butt A, Li B, Illes P, Zorec R, Semyanov A, Tang Y, Sofroniew MV. Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:396. [PMID: 37828019 PMCID: PMC10570367 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder outcome. Pathophysiological changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of functions. Astroglia respond to external, non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure, molecular expression, and function. In addition, internally driven, cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS pathologies. Astroglial pathophysiology is complex, with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder, disorder-stage, comorbidities, age, and sex. Here, we classify astroglial pathophysiology into (i) reactive astrogliosis, (ii) astroglial atrophy with loss of function, (iii) astroglial degeneration and death, and (iv) astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive disease. We review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders, including neurotrauma, stroke, neuroinfection, autoimmune attack and epilepsy, as well as neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Characterising cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Arthur Butt
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica Biomedical, Lab Cell Engineering, Technology Park, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, 314033, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Muñoz-Ballester C, Robel S. Astrocyte-mediated mechanisms contribute to traumatic brain injury pathology. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1622. [PMID: 37332001 PMCID: PMC10526985 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to traumatic brain injury (TBI) with changes to their molecular make-up and cell biology, which results in changes in astrocyte function. These changes can be adaptive, initiating repair processes in the brain, or detrimental, causing secondary damage including neuronal death or abnormal neuronal activity. The response of astrocytes to TBI is often-but not always-accompanied by the upregulation of intermediate filaments, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Because GFAP is often upregulated in the context of nervous system disturbance, reactive astrogliosis is sometimes treated as an "all-or-none" process. However, the extent of astrocytes' cellular, molecular, and physiological adjustments is not equal for each TBI type or even for each astrocyte within the same injured brain. Additionally, new research highlights that different neurological injuries and diseases result in entirely distinctive and sometimes divergent astrocyte changes. Thus, extrapolating findings on astrocyte biology from one pathological context to another is problematic. We summarize the current knowledge about astrocyte responses specific to TBI and point out open questions that the field should tackle to better understand how astrocytes shape TBI outcomes. We address the astrocyte response to focal versus diffuse TBI and heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes within the same brain, the role of intermediate filament upregulation, functional changes to astrocyte function including potassium and glutamate homeostasis, blood-brain barrier maintenance and repair, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species detoxification, sex differences, and factors influencing astrocyte proliferation after TBI. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Muñoz-Ballester
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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15
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Peng S, Lv K. The role of fibrinogen in traumatic brain injury: from molecular pathological mechanisms to clinical management. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 49:1665-1672. [PMID: 35972516 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-02084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is the substrate of plasma coagulation. It plays an important role in the formation of reticular network, which is crucial to the strength and stability of blood clots. In addition to directly participating in coagulation, fibrinogen also participates in the destruction of blood-brain barrier and neuroinflammation. This article reviews the pathophysiological changes of fibrinogen after traumatic brain injury. Considerable efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms by which fibrinogen damages the central nervous system. Combined with the latest research hotspots, potentially promising treatment strategies at the molecular level were discussed. We believe that understanding the role of fibrinogen-mediated damage in nerve and blood-brain barrier function will enable timely intervention in patients with nerve damage, and guide the development of novel targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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16
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Lam DV, Javadekar A, Patil N, Yu M, Li L, Menendez DM, Gupta AS, Capadona JR, Shoffstall AJ. Platelets and hemostatic proteins are co-localized with chronic neuroinflammation surrounding implanted intracortical microelectrodes. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:278-290. [PMID: 37211307 PMCID: PMC10330779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes induce vascular injury upon insertion into the cortex. As blood vessels rupture, blood proteins and blood-derived cells (including platelets) are introduced into the 'immune privileged' brain tissues at higher-than-normal levels, passing through the damaged blood-brain barrier. Blood proteins adhere to implant surfaces, increasing the likelihood of cellular recognition leading to activation of immune and inflammatory cells. Persistent neuroinflammation is a major contributing factor to declining microelectrode recording performance. We investigated the spatial and temporal relationship of blood proteins fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), platelets, and type IV collagen, in relation to glial scarring markers for microglia and astrocytes following implantation of non-functional multi-shank silicon microelectrode probes into rats. Together with type IV collagen, fibrinogen and vWF augment platelet recruitment, activation, and aggregation. Our main results indicate blood proteins participating in hemostasis (fibrinogen and vWF) persisted at the microelectrode interface for up to 8-weeks after implantation. Further, type IV collagen and platelets surrounded the probe interface with similar spatial and temporal trends as vWF and fibrinogen. In addition to prolonged blood-brain barrier instability, specific blood and extracellular matrix proteins may play a role in promoting the inflammatory activation of platelets and recruitment to the microelectrode interface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Implanted microelectrodes have substantial potential for restoring function to people with paralysis and amputation by providing signals that feed into natural control algorithms that drive prosthetic devices. Unfortunately, these microelectrodes do not display robust performance over time. Persistent neuroinflammation is widely thought to be a primary contributor to the devices' progressive decline in performance. Our manuscript reports on the highly local and persistent accumulation of platelets and hemostatic blood proteins around the microelectrode interface of brain implants. To our knowledge neuroinflammation driven by cellular and non-cellular responses associated with hemostasis and coagulation has not been rigorously quantified elsewhere. Our findings identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention and a better understanding of the driving mechanisms to neuroinflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny V Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anisha Javadekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Marina Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Longshun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dhariyat M Menendez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew J Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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17
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Wen T, Zhang Z. Cellular mechanisms of fibrin (ogen): insight from neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197094. [PMID: 37529232 PMCID: PMC10390316 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent and currently incurable conditions that progressively impair cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric functions of the central or peripheral nervous system. Fibrinogen, a macromolecular glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response and tissue repair in the human body and interacts with various nervous system cells due to its unique molecular structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that fibrinogen deposits in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. By regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways, fibrinogen can exacerbate the neuro-pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases, while depletion of fibrinogen contributes to the amelioration of cognitive function impairment in patients. This review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of fibrinogen in central nervous system cells and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Vascular dementia, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Additionally, we discuss the potential of fibrinogen-related treatments in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Abstract
Astrocyte endfeet enwrap the entire vascular tree within the central nervous system, where they perform important functions in regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebral blood flow, nutrient uptake, and waste clearance. Accordingly, astrocyte endfeet contain specialized organelles and proteins, including local protein translation machinery and highly organized scaffold proteins, which anchor channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes critical for astrocyte-vascular interactions. Many neurological diseases are characterized by the loss of polarization of specific endfoot proteins, vascular dysregulation, BBB disruption, altered waste clearance, or, in extreme cases, loss of endfoot coverage. A role for astrocyte endfeet has been demonstrated or postulated in many of these conditions. This review provides an overview of the development, composition, function, and pathological changes of astrocyte endfeet and highlights the gaps in our knowledge that future research should address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Díaz-Castro
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK;
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
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Božić M, Pirnat S, Fink K, Potokar M, Kreft M, Zorec R, Stenovec M. Ketamine Reduces the Surface Density of the Astroglial Kir4.1 Channel and Inhibits Voltage-Activated Currents in a Manner Similar to the Action of Ba 2+ on K + Currents. Cells 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 37408194 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting beneficial effects in patients with a major depressive disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. It has been proposed that astrocyte dysregulation of extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) alters neuronal excitability, thus contributing to depression. We examined how ketamine affects inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1, the principal regulator of K+ buffering and neuronal excitability in the brain. Cultured rat cortical astrocytes were transfected with plasmid-encoding fluorescently tagged Kir4.1 (Kir4.1-EGFP) to monitor the mobility of Kir4.1-EGFP vesicles at rest and after ketamine treatment (2.5 or 25 µM). Short-term (30 min) ketamine treatment reduced the mobility of Kir4.1-EGFP vesicles compared with the vehicle-treated controls (p < 0.05). Astrocyte treatment (24 h) with dbcAMP (dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate, 1 mM) or [K+]o (15 mM), which increases intracellular cAMP, mimicked the ketamine-evoked reduction of mobility. Live cell immunolabelling and patch-clamp measurements in cultured mouse astrocytes revealed that short-term ketamine treatment reduced the surface density of Kir4.1 and inhibited voltage-activated currents similar to Ba2+ (300 µM), a Kir4.1 blocker. Thus, ketamine attenuates Kir4.1 vesicle mobility, likely via a cAMP-dependent mechanism, reduces Kir4.1 surface density, and inhibits voltage-activated currents similar to Ba2+, known to block Kir4.1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mićo Božić
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Pirnat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Fink
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Berk-Rauch HE, Choudhury A, Richards AT, Singh PK, Chen ZL, Norris EH, Strickland S, Ahn HJ. Striatal fibrinogen extravasation and vascular degeneration correlate with motor dysfunction in an aging mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1064178. [PMID: 36967821 PMCID: PMC10034037 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1064178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients exhibit signs of motor dysfunction, including gait, locomotion, and balance deficits. Changes in motor function often precede other symptoms of AD as well as correlate with increased severity and mortality. Despite the frequent occurrence of motor dysfunction in AD patients, little is known about the mechanisms by which this behavior is altered.Methods and Results: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between cerebrovascular impairment and motor dysfunction in a mouse model of AD (Tg6799). We found an age-dependent increase of extravasated fibrinogen deposits in the cortex and striatum of AD mice. Interestingly, there was significantly decreased cerebrovascular density in the striatum of the 15-month-old as compared to 7-month-old AD mice. We also found significant demyelination and axonal damage in the striatum of aged AD mice. We analyzed striatum-related motor function and anxiety levels of AD mice at both ages and found that aged AD mice exhibited significant impairment of motor function but not in the younger AD mice.Discussion: Our finding suggests an enticing correlation between extravasated fibrinogen, cerebrovascular damage of the striatum, and motor dysfunction in an AD mouse model, suggesting a possible mechanism underlying motor dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Berk-Rauch
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Allison T. Richards
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pradeep K. Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hyung Jin Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Hyung Jin Ahn,
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21
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Current Advancements in Spinal Cord Injury Research—Glial Scar Formation and Neural Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060853. [PMID: 36980193 PMCID: PMC10046908 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex tissue injury resulting in permanent and degenerating damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Detrimental cellular processes occur after SCI, including axonal degeneration, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, reactive gliosis, and scar formation. The glial scar border forms to segregate the neural lesion and isolate spreading inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxicity at the injury epicenter to preserve surrounding healthy tissue. The scar border is a physicochemical barrier composed of elongated astrocytes, fibroblasts, and microglia secreting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, collogen, and the dense extra-cellular matrix. While this physiological response preserves viable neural tissue, it is also detrimental to regeneration. To overcome negative outcomes associated with scar formation, therapeutic strategies have been developed: the prevention of scar formation, the resolution of the developed scar, cell transplantation into the lesion, and endogenous cell reprogramming. This review focuses on cellular/molecular aspects of glial scar formation, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of strategies to promote regeneration after SCI.
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22
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Fang C, Lau WL, Sun J, Chang R, Vallejo A, Lee D, Liu J, Liu H, Hung YH, Zhao Y, Paganini-Hill A, Sumbria RK, Cribbs DH, Fisher M. Chronic kidney disease promotes cerebral microhemorrhage formation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:51. [PMID: 36841828 PMCID: PMC9960195 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a stroke risk factor, but its exact relationship with cerebrovascular disease is not well-understood. We investigated the development of cerebral small vessel disease using in vivo and in vitro models of CKD. METHODS CKD was produced in aged C57BL/6J mice using an adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis model. We analyzed brain histology using Prussian blue staining to examine formation of cerebral microhemorrhage (CMH), the hemorrhagic component of small vessel disease and the neuropathological substrate of MRI-demonstrable cerebral microbleeds. In cell culture studies, we examined effects of serum from healthy or CKD patients and gut-derived uremic toxins on brain microvascular endothelial barrier. RESULTS CKD was induced in aged C57BL/6J mice with significant increases in both serum creatinine and cystatin C levels (p < 0.0001) without elevation of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. CMH was significantly increased and positively correlated with serum creatinine level (Spearman r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Moreover, CKD significantly increased Iba-1-positive immunoreactivity by 51% (p < 0.001), induced a phenotypic switch from resting to activated microglia, and enhanced fibrinogen extravasation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by 34% (p < 0.05). On analysis stratified by sex, the increase in CMH number was more pronounced in male mice and this correlated with greater creatinine elevation in male compared with female mice. Microglial depletion with PLX3397 diet significantly decreased CMH formation in CKD mice without affecting serum creatinine levels. Incubation of CKD serum significantly reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p < 0.01) and increased sodium fluorescein permeability (p < 0.05) across the endothelial monolayer. Uremic toxins (i.e., indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide) in combination with urea and lipopolysaccharide induced a marked drop in TEER compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CKD promotes the development of CMH in aged mice independent of blood pressure but directly proportional to the degree of renal impairment. These effects of CKD are likely mediated in part by microglia and are associated with BBB impairment. The latter is likely related to gut-derived bacteria-dependent toxins classically associated with CKD. Overall, these findings demonstrate an important role of CKD in the development of cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rudy Chang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Vallejo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Donghy Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Shanbrom Hall (Building 55), Room 121, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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23
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Hou H, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang Y. Exosomal miR-128-3p reversed fibrinogen-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination after cerebral ischemia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1405-1422. [PMID: 36756722 PMCID: PMC10068474 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of exosomal miR-128-3p in promoting fibrinogen-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and the therapeutic potential of exosomal miR-128-3p in cerebral ischemia. METHODS Mouse models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were established as described previously. MCAO was treated with fibrinogen and exosomes by stereotactically injecting into the left stratum. Mouse cortical OPCs were used for mRNA and miRNA sequencing analysis. Exosomes were isolated from neural stem cells (NSCs) of mice. RESULTS Fibrinogen deposition suppressed remyelination after MCAO and inhibited OPC differentiation by activating ACVR1, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling type I receptor. In vitro, miR-sequencing and verification studies revealed that miR-128-3p is associated with BMP signaling mediated by ACVR1. Additionally, transfer of NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p to OPCs significantly increased myelin basic protein expression and inhibited BMP signaling. Furthermore, NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p protected against fibrinogen-induced demyelination related to BMP signaling, reduced the infarct volume, and improved neurological function after MCAO. CONCLUSIONS Fibrinogen deposition inhibits remyelination after ischemic damage and NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p promotes OPC differentiation into OLs by suppressing BMP signaling, indicating that NSC-derived exosomal miR-128-3p represents a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Browning JL, Bhawan J, Tseng A, Crossland N, Bujor AM, Akassoglou K, Assassi S, Skaug B, Ho J. Extensive and Persistent Extravascular Dermal Fibrin Deposition Characterizes Systemic Sclerosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.16.523256. [PMID: 36711912 PMCID: PMC9882194 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.523256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive multiorgan fibrosis. While the cause of SSc remains unknown, a perturbed vasculature is considered a critical early step in the pathogenesis. Using fibrinogen as a marker of vascular leakage, we found extensive extravascular fibrinogen deposition in the dermis of both limited and diffuse systemic sclerosis disease, and it was present in both early and late-stage patients. Based on a timed series of excision wounds, retention on the fibrin deposit of the splice variant domain, fibrinogen αEC, indicated a recent event, while fibrin networks lacking the αEC domain were older. Application of this timing tool to SSc revealed considerable heterogeneity in αEC domain distribution providing unique insight into disease activity. Intriguingly, the fibrinogen-αEC domain also accumulated in macrophages. These observations indicate that systemic sclerosis is characterized by ongoing vascular leakage resulting in extensive interstitial fibrin deposition that is either continually replenished and/or there is impaired fibrin clearance. Unresolved fibrin deposition might then incite chronic tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Browning
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Rheumatology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jag Bhawan
- Department of Dermatopathology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Anna Tseng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Nicholas Crossland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Andreea M Bujor
- Department of Rheumatology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease San Francisco California USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brian Skaug
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jonathan Ho
- Department of Dermatopathology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Section Dermatology University of the West Indies, Mona Jamaica
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25
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Gu WL, Li ZH, Zhang SQ, Ao P, Zhu XB, Zhao X, Zhang XY, Zhang DF, Huang XJ, Jiang Y, Wei L. Role of Fibrinogen in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Neuropathy and its Preliminary Mechanism. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:486-497. [PMID: 37165590 PMCID: PMC10494282 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230509140515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of fibrinogen (FIB) in T2DM neuropathy and its preliminary mechanism. METHODS Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal control group (NC group) and a T2DM neuropathy model group (DN group). The DN group was given a high-energy diet and streptozotocin, while the NC group was given a normal diet and a citric acid buffer. The expression levels of related proteins were analysed. RESULTS Electrophysiology: Compared with the NC group, the conduction latency of the somatosensory-evoked potential and nerve conduction velocity was prolonged in the DN group, while the motor nerve action potential was decreased. As seen under a light microscope, the peripheral nerve fibres in the DN group were swollen, and the nerve fibres in the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord were loose or missing. Moreover, as seen under an electron microscope, the peripheral nerve demyelination of the DN group was severe, with microvascular blood coagulation, luminal stenosis, and collapse. Compared with the NC group, in the DN group, the expression of FIB was positively correlated with the expression of both ionised calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Compared with the NC group, in the DN group, the expression of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and B-cell lymphoma 2 was negatively correlated. CONCLUSION The increased concentration of FIB may be the cause of neuropathy, and its mechanism may be related to its promotion of inflammatory response, blood coagulation, and vascular stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Gu
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, 923 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, 923 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Si-Qin Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Pian Ao
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, 923 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, 923 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, 923 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, 923 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Wei
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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Liang Z, Lou Y, Hao Y, Li H, Feng J, Liu S. The Relationship of Astrocytes and Microglia with Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2465-2480. [PMID: 37464832 PMCID: PMC10616922 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230718104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the predominant cause of severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Post-stroke neuroinflammation has recently received increasing attention with the aim of providing a new effective treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Microglia and astrocytes are major components of the innate immune system of the central nervous system. They can be involved in all phases of ischemic stroke, from the early stage, contributing to the first wave of neuronal cell death, to the late stage involving phagocytosis and repair. In the early stage of ischemic stroke, a vicious cycle exists between the activation of microglia and astrocytes (through astrocytic connexin 43 hemichannels), aggravating neuroinflammatory injury post-stroke. However, in the late stage of ischemic stroke, repeatedly activated microglia can induce the formation of glial scars by triggering reactive astrogliosis in the peri-infarct regions, which may limit the movement of activated microglia in reverse and restrict the diffusion of inflammation to healthy brain tissues, alleviating the neuroinflammatory injury poststroke. In this review, we elucidated the various roles of astrocytes and microglia and summarized their relationship with neuroinflammation. We also examined how astrocytes and microglia influence each other at different stages of ischemic stroke. Several potential therapeutic approaches targeting astrocytes and microglia in ischemic stroke have been reviewed. Understanding the details of astrocytemicroglia interaction processes will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke, contributing to the identification of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingyue Lou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu Y, Si ZZ, Zou CJ, Mei X, Li XF, Luo H, Shen Y, Hu J, Li XX, Wu L. Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: from mechanisms to clinical applications. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:708-715. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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AKBA Promotes Axonal Regeneration via RhoA/Rictor to Repair Damaged Sciatic Nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415903. [PMID: 36555556 PMCID: PMC9783960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing studies by our team demonstrated the pro-recovery effect of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) on a sciatic nerve injury. To further investigate the role of AKBA in peripheral nerve injury repair, The TMT quantitative proteomics technique was used to obtain differentially significant proteins in a Sham group, Model group, and AKBA group. After that, three time points (5, 14, and 28 d) and four groups (Sham + AKBA, Sham, Model, and AKBA) were set up, and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and cellular assays were applied to investigate the expression of CDC42, Rac1, RhoA, and Rictor in the sciatic nerve at different time points for each group in more depth. The results showed that AKBA enriched the cellular components of the myelin sheath and axon regeneration after a sciatic nerve injury and that AKBA upregulated CDC42 and Rac1 and downregulated RhoA expression 5 d after a sciatic nerve injury, promoting axon regeneration and improving the repair of a sciatic nerve injury in rats. Rictor is regulated by AKBA and upregulated in PC12 cells after AKBA action. Our findings provide a new basis for AKBA treatment of a peripheral nerve injury.
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Prognostic value of the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) in IgA nephropathy patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Astrocytes in Chronic Pain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:425-439. [PMID: 36376699 PMCID: PMC10043112 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractChronic pain is challenging to treat due to the limited therapeutic options and adverse side-effects of therapies. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system and play important roles in different pathological conditions, including chronic pain. Astrocytes regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission and network function via neuron–glia and glia–glia interactions to exaggerate pain signals under chronic pain conditions. It is also becoming clear that astrocytes play active roles in brain regions important for the emotional and memory-related aspects of chronic pain. Therefore, this review presents our current understanding of the roles of astrocytes in chronic pain, how they regulate nociceptive responses, and their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.
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Anwar MM, Özkan E, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y. The role of extracellular matrix alterations in mediating astrocyte damage and pericyte dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5453-5475. [PMID: 34182602 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a highly vascularized tissue protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a complex structure allowing only necessary substances to pass through into the brain while limiting the entrance of harmful toxins. The BBB comprises several components, and the most prominent features are tight junctions between endothelial cells (ECs), which are further wrapped in a layer of pericytes. Pericytes are multitasked cells embedded in a thick basement membrane (BM) that consists of a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) and are surrounded by astrocytic endfeet. The primary function of astrocytes and pericytes is to provide essential blood supply and vital nutrients to the brain. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), long-term neuroinflammatory cascades associated with infiltration of harmful neurotoxic proteins may lead to BBB dysfunction and altered ECM components resulting in brain homeostatic imbalance, synaptic damage, and declined cognitive functions. Moreover, BBB structure and functional integrity may be lost due to induced ECM alterations, astrocyte damage, and pericytes dysfunction, leading to amyloid-beta (Aβ) hallmarks deposition in different brain regions. Herein, we highlight how BBB, ECM, astrocytes, and pericytes dysfunction can play a leading role in AD's pathogenesis and discuss their impact on brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esra Özkan
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Sun X, Huang LY, Pan HX, Li LJ, Wang L, Pei GQ, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheng HX, He CQ, Wei Q. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and exercise restore motor function following spinal cord injury by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1067-1075. [PMID: 36254995 PMCID: PMC9827790 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many therapeutic interventions have shown promise in treating spinal cord injury, focusing on a single aspect of repair cannot achieve successful and functional regeneration in patients following spinal cord injury . In this study, we applied a combinatorial approach for treating spinal cord injury involving neuroprotection and rehabilitation, exploiting cell transplantation and functional sensorimotor training to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Here, we used a mouse model of thoracic contusive spinal cord injury to investigate whether the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise training has a synergistic effect on functional restoration. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale, horizontal ladder test, and footprint analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging, histological examination, transmission electron microscopy observation, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were performed 8 weeks after spinal cord injury to further explore the potential mechanism behind the synergistic repair effect. In vivo, the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise showed a better therapeutic effect on motor function than the single treatments. Further investigations revealed that the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise markedly reduced fibrotic scar tissue, protected neurons, and promoted axon and myelin protection. Additionally, the synergistic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise on spinal cord injury recovery occurred via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In vitro, experimental evidence from the PC12 cell line and primary cortical neuron culture also demonstrated that blocking of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway would aggravate neuronal damage. Thus, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation combined with exercise training can effectively restore motor function after spinal cord injury by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Yi Huang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Pan
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gai-Qin Pei
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xin Cheng
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Correspondence to: Quan Wei, .
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33
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Zhao Z, He J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Tan C, Liao J, Xiao G. The pathogenesis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus based on the understanding of AQP1 and AQP4. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:952036. [PMID: 36204139 PMCID: PMC9530743 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.952036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological disorder without a recognized cause. Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels that carry water through cell membranes and are critical for cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cerebral water balance. The function of AQPs in developing and maintaining hydrocephalus should be studied in greater detail as a possible diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Recent research indicates that patients with iNPH exhibited high levels of aquaporin 1 and low levels of aquaporin 4 expression, suggesting that these AQPs are essential in iNPH pathogenesis. To determine the source of iNPH and diagnose and treat it, it is necessary to examine and appreciate their function in the genesis and maintenance of hydrocephalus. The expression, function, and regulation of AQPs in iNPH are reviewed in this article, in order to provide fresh targets and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuansen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junbo Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Gelei Xiao
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34
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Preininger MK, Kaufer D. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Astrocyte Senescence as Reciprocal Drivers of Neuropathology in Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116217. [PMID: 35682895 PMCID: PMC9180977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant cell types in the brain, astrocytes form a tissue-wide signaling network that is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and regulating various brain activities. Here, we review some of the essential functions that astrocytes perform in supporting neurons, modulating the immune response, and regulating and maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Given their importance in brain health, it follows that astrocyte dysfunction has detrimental effects. Indeed, dysfunctional astrocytes are implicated in age-related neuropathology and participate in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review two mechanisms by which astrocytes mediate neuropathology in the aging brain. First, age-associated blood–brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) causes the hyperactivation of TGFβ signaling in astrocytes, which elicits a pro-inflammatory and epileptogenic phenotype. Over time, BBBD-associated astrocyte dysfunction results in hippocampal and cortical neural hyperexcitability and cognitive deficits. Second, senescent astrocytes accumulate in the brain with age and exhibit a decreased functional capacity and the secretion of senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Both BBBD and senescence progressively increase during aging and are associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, but the relationship between the two has not yet been established. Thus, we discuss the potential relationship between BBBD, TGFβ hyperactivation, and senescence with respect to astrocytes in the context of aging and disease and identify future areas of investigation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela K. Preininger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence:
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35
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TGF-β as a Key Modulator of Astrocyte Reactivity: Disease Relevance and Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051206. [PMID: 35625943 PMCID: PMC9138510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for normal brain development and functioning. They respond to brain injury and disease through a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis, where the reactivity is highly heterogenous and context-dependent. Reactive astrocytes are active contributors to brain pathology and can exert beneficial, detrimental, or mixed effects following brain insults. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as one of the key factors regulating astrocyte reactivity. The genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease alters pathological and functional outcomes. This review aims to provide recent understanding regarding astrocyte reactivity and TGF-β signaling in brain injury, aging, and neurodegeneration. Further, it explores how TGF-β signaling modulates astrocyte reactivity and function in the context of CNS disease and injury.
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36
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Wang R, Zhou R, Chen Z, Gao S, Zhou F. The Glial Cells Respond to Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:844497. [PMID: 35599739 PMCID: PMC9120539 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.844497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is been over 100 years since glial cells were discovered by Virchow. Since then, a great deal of research was carried out to specify these further roles and properties of glial cells in central nervous system (CNS). As it is well-known that glial cells, such as astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play an important role in supporting and enabling the effective nervous system function in CNS. After spinal cord injury (SCI), these glial cells play different roles in SCI and repair. In this review, we will discuss in detail about the role of glial cells in the healthy CNS and how they respond to SCI.
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37
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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38
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Conforti P, Mezey S, Nath S, Chu YH, Malik SC, Martínez Santamaría JC, Deshpande SS, Pous L, Zieger B, Schachtrup C. Fibrinogen regulates lesion border-forming reactive astrocyte properties after vascular damage. Glia 2022; 70:1251-1266. [PMID: 35244976 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes at the border of damaged neuronal tissue organize into a barrier surrounding the fibrotic lesion core, separating this central region of inflammation and fibrosis from healthy tissue. Astrocytes are essential to form the border and for wound repair but interfere with neuronal regeneration. However, the mechanisms driving these astrocytes during central nervous system (CNS) disease are unknown. Here we show that blood-derived fibrinogen is enriched at the interface of lesion border-forming elongated astrocytes after cortical brain injury. Anticoagulant treatment depleting fibrinogen reduces astrocyte reactivity, extracellular matrix deposition and inflammation with no change in the spread of inflammation, whereas inhibiting fibrinogen conversion into fibrin did not significantly alter astrocyte reactivity, but changed the deposition of astrocyte extracellular matrix. RNA sequencing of fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated astrocytes of fibrinogen-depleted mice after cortical injury revealed repressed gene expression signatures associated with astrocyte reactivity, extracellular matrix deposition and immune-response regulation, as well as increased gene expression signatures associated with astrocyte metabolism and astrocyte-neuron communication. Systemic pharmacologic depletion of fibrinogen resulted in the absence of elongated, border-forming astrocytes and increased the survival of neurons in the lesion core after cortical injury. These results identify fibrinogen as a critical trigger for lesion border-forming astrocyte properties in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Conforti
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Szilvia Mezey
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Suvra Nath
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chu
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Subash C Malik
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose C Martínez Santamaría
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sachin S Deshpande
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lauriane Pous
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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39
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Quan L, Uyeda A, Muramatsu R. Central nervous system regeneration: the roles of glial cells in the potential molecular mechanism underlying remyelination. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:7. [PMID: 35232486 PMCID: PMC8888026 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) injuries and diseases. However, the roles of these cells and the molecular mechanisms toward regeneration in the CNS have not been fully understood, especially the capacity of them toward demyelinating diseases. Therefore, there are still very limited therapeutic strategies to restore the function of adult CNS in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Remyelination, a spontaneous regeneration process in the CNS, requires the involvement of multiple cellular and extracellular components. Promoting remyelination by therapeutic interventions is a promising novel approach to restore the CNS function. Herein, we review the role of glial cells in CNS diseases and injuries. Particularly, we discuss the roles of glia and their functional interactions and regulatory mechanisms in remyelination, as well as the current therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Quan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Uyeda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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40
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Angiogenesis is critical for the exercise-mediated enhancement of axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Pinkaew D, Martinez-Hackert E, Jia W, King MD, Miao F, Enger NR, Silakit R, Ramana K, Chen SY, Fujise K. Fortilin interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents TGF-β receptor activation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:157. [PMID: 35197550 PMCID: PMC8866402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fortilin is a 172-amino acid multifunctional protein present in both intra- and extracellular spaces. Although fortilin binds and regulates various cellular proteins, the biological role of extracellular fortilin remains unknown. Here we report that fortilin specifically interacts with TGF-β1 and prevents it from activating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In a standard immunoprecipitation-western blot assay, fortilin co-immunoprecipitates TGF-β1 and its isoforms. The modified ELISA assay shows that TGF-β1 remains complexed with fortilin in human serum. Both bio-layer interferometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal that fortilin directly bind TGF-β1. The SPR analysis also reveals that fortilin and the TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII) compete for TGF-β1. Both luciferase and secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter assays show that fortilin prevents TGF-β1 from activating Smad3 binding to Smad-binding element. Fortilin inhibits the phosphorylation of Smad3 in both quantitative western blot assays and ELISA. Finally, fortilin inhibits TGFβ-1-induced differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells. A computer-assisted virtual docking reveals that fortilin occupies the pocket of TGF-β1 that is normally occupied by TGFβRII and that TGF-β1 can bind either fortilin or TGFβRII at any given time. These data support the role of extracellular fortilin as a negative regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Fortilin prevents the activation of the TGF-β1 receptor by occupying the pocket of TGF-β1 and competing with TGF-βRII to bind with TGF-β1. This inhibits Smad3 phosphorylation and the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal progenitor cells to smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decha Pinkaew
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Matthew D King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Fei Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole R Enger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Runglawan Silakit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kota Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT, 84606, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ken Fujise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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42
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Munoz-Ballester C, Mahmutovic D, Rafiqzad Y, Korot A, Robel S. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier Triggers an Atypical Neuronal Response. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:821885. [PMID: 35250487 PMCID: PMC8894613 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.821885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild TBI (mTBI), which affects 75% of TBI survivors or more than 50 million people worldwide each year, can lead to consequences including sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, mood swings, and post-traumatic epilepsy in a subset of patients. To interrupt the progression of these comorbidities, identifying early pathological events is key. Recent studies have shown that microbleeds, caused by mechanical impact, persist for months after mTBI and are correlated to worse mTBI outcomes. However, the impact of mTBI-induced blood-brain barrier damage on neurons is yet to be revealed. We used a well-characterized mouse model of mTBI that presents with frequent and widespread but size-restricted damage to the blood-brain barrier to assess how neurons respond to exposure of blood-borne factors in this pathological context. We used immunohistochemistry and histology to assess the expression of neuronal proteins in excitatory and inhibitory neurons after mTBI. We observed that the expression of NeuN, Parvalbumin, and CamKII was lost within minutes in areas with blood-brain barrier disruption. Yet, the neurons remained alive and could be detected using a fluorescent Nissl staining even 6 months later. A similar phenotype was observed after exposure of neurons to blood-borne factors due to endothelial cell ablation in the absence of a mechanical impact, suggesting that entrance of blood-borne factors into the brain is sufficient to induce the neuronal atypical response. Changes in postsynaptic spines were observed indicative of functional changes. Thus, this study demonstrates That exposure of neurons to blood-borne factors causes a rapid and sustained loss of neuronal proteins and changes in spine morphology in the absence of neurodegeneration, a finding that is likely relevant to many neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Munoz-Ballester
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dzenis Mahmutovic
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yusuf Rafiqzad
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech Carilion, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Alia Korot
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, United States
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech Carilion, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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43
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Fibrin-based factor delivery for therapeutic angiogenesis: friend or foe? Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:451-460. [PMID: 35175429 PMCID: PMC8975770 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis aims at promoting the growth of blood vessels to restore perfusion in ischemic tissues or aid tissue regeneration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of angiogenesis in development, repair, and disease. However, exploiting VEGF for therapeutic purposes has been challenging and needs to take into account some key aspects of VEGF biology. In particular, the spatial localization of angiogenic signals within the extracellular matrix is crucial for physiological assembly and function of new blood vessels. Fibrin is the provisional matrix that is universally deposited immediately after injury and supports the initial steps of tissue regeneration. It provides therefore several ideal features as a substrate to promote therapeutic vascularization, especially through its ability to present growth factors in their physiological matrix-bound state and to modulate their availability for signaling. Here, we provide an overview of fibrin uses as a tissue-engineering scaffold material and as a tunable platform to finely control dose and duration of delivery of recombinant factors in therapeutic angiogenesis. However, in some cases, fibrin has also been associated with undesirable outcomes, namely the promotion of fibrosis and scar formation that actually prevent physiological tissue regeneration. Understanding the mechanisms that tip the balance between the pro- and anti-regenerative functions of fibrin will be the key to fully exploit its therapeutic potential.
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Sanchez-Gonzalez R, Koupourtidou C, Lepko T, Zambusi A, Novoselc KT, Durovic T, Aschenbroich S, Schwarz V, Breunig CT, Straka H, Huttner HB, Irmler M, Beckers J, Wurst W, Zwergal A, Schauer T, Straub T, Czopka T, Trümbach D, Götz M, Stricker SH, Ninkovic J. Innate Immune Pathways Promote Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Recruitment to the Injury Site in Adult Zebrafish Brain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030520. [PMID: 35159329 PMCID: PMC8834209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) are at the front of the glial reaction to the traumatic brain injury. However, regulatory pathways steering the OPC reaction as well as the role of reactive OPCs remain largely unknown. Here, we compared a long-lasting, exacerbated reaction of OPCs to the adult zebrafish brain injury with a timely restricted OPC activation to identify the specific molecular mechanisms regulating OPC reactivity and their contribution to regeneration. We demonstrated that the influx of the cerebrospinal fluid into the brain parenchyma after injury simultaneously activates the toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) and the chemokine receptor 3 (Cxcr3) innate immunity pathways, leading to increased OPC proliferation and thereby exacerbated glial reactivity. These pathways were critical for long-lasting OPC accumulation even after the ablation of microglia and infiltrating monocytes. Importantly, interference with the Tlr1/2 and Cxcr3 pathways after injury alleviated reactive gliosis, increased new neuron recruitment, and improved tissue restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Department Biology II, University of Munich, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Christina Koupourtidou
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Tjasa Lepko
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Zambusi
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Klara Tereza Novoselc
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Durovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Aschenbroich
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schwarz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher T. Breunig
- Reprogramming and Regeneration, Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (C.T.B.); (S.H.S.)
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II, University of Munich, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Hagen B. Huttner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (M.I.); (J.B.)
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (M.I.); (J.B.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (W.W.); (D.T.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 80333 München, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Tamas Schauer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Bioinformatic Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tobias Straub
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Bioinformatic Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (W.W.); (D.T.)
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Stefan H. Stricker
- Reprogramming and Regeneration, Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (C.T.B.); (S.H.S.)
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Otte E, Vlachos A, Asplund M. Engineering strategies towards overcoming bleeding and glial scar formation around neural probes. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:461-477. [PMID: 35029757 PMCID: PMC8975777 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neural probes are sophisticated electrophysiological tools used for intra-cortical recording and stimulation. These microelectrode arrays, designed to penetrate and interface the brain from within, contribute at the forefront of basic and clinical neuroscience. However, one of the challenges and currently most significant limitations is their ‘seamless’ long-term integration into the surrounding brain tissue. Following implantation, which is typically accompanied by bleeding, the tissue responds with a scarring process, resulting in a gliotic region closest to the probe. This glial scarring is often associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and a leaky blood–brain interface (BBI). The engineering progress on minimizing this reaction in the form of improved materials, microfabrication, and surgical techniques is summarized in this review. As research over the past decade has progressed towards a more detailed understanding of the nature of this biological response, it is time to pose the question: Are penetrating probes completely free from glial scarring at all possible?
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46
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Yu G, Zhang Y, Ning B. Reactive Astrocytes in Central Nervous System Injury: Subgroup and Potential Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:792764. [PMID: 35002629 PMCID: PMC8733560 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.792764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury, which includes both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), is associated with irreversible loss of neurological function and high medical care costs. Currently, no effective treatment exists to improve the prognosis of patients. Astrocytes comprise the largest population of glial cells in the CNS and, with the advancements in the field of neurology, are increasingly recognized as having key functions in both the brain and the spinal cord. When stimulated by disease or injury, astrocytes become activated and undergo a series of changes, including alterations in gene expression, hypertrophy, the loss of inherent functions, and the acquisition of new ones. Studies have shown that astrocytes are highly heterogeneous with respect to their gene expression profiles, and this heterogeneity accounts for their observed context-dependent phenotypic diversity. In the inured CNS, activated astrocytes play a dual role both as regulators of neuroinflammation and in scar formation. Identifying the subpopulations of reactive astrocytes that exert beneficial or harmful effects will aid in deciphering the pathological mechanisms underlying CNS injuries and ultimately provide a theoretical basis for the development of effective strategies for the treatment of associated conditions. Following CNS injury, as the disease progresses, astrocyte phenotypes undergo continuous changes. Although current research methods do not allow a comprehensive and accurate classification of astrocyte subpopulations in complex pathological contexts, they can nonetheless aid in understanding the roles of astrocytes in disease. In this review, after a brief introduction to the pathology of CNS injury, we summarize current knowledge regarding astrocyte activation following CNS injury, including: (a) the regulatory factors involved in this process; (b) the functions of different astrocyte subgroups based on the existing classification of astrocytes; and (c) attempts at astrocyte-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiLian Yu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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47
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McConnell HL, Mishra A. Cells of the Blood-Brain Barrier: An Overview of the Neurovascular Unit in Health and Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2492:3-24. [PMID: 35733036 PMCID: PMC9987262 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2289-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The brain is endowed with highly specialized vasculature that is both structurally and functionally unique compared to vasculature supplying peripheral organs. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by endothelial cells of the cerebral vasculature and prevents extravasation of blood products into the brain to protect neural tissue and maintain a homeostatic environment. The BBB functions as part of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which is composed of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in addition to the specialized endothelial cells, mural cells, and the basement membrane. Through coordinated intercellular signaling, these cells function as a dynamic unit to tightly regulate brain blood flow, vascular function, neuroimmune responses, and waste clearance. In this chapter, we review the functions of individual NVU components, describe neurovascular coupling as a classic example of NVU function, and discuss archetypal NVU pathophysiology during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L McConnell
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Office of Academic Development, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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48
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George KK, Heithoff BP, Shandra O, Robel S. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Initiates an Atypical Astrocyte Response Caused by Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:211-226. [PMID: 34806422 PMCID: PMC8785769 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury/concussion (mTBI) accounts for 70-90% of all reported TBI cases and causes long-lasting neurological consequences in 10-40% of patients. Recent clinical studies revealed increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in mTBI patients, which correlated with secondary damage after mTBI. However, the cascade of cellular events initiated by exposure to blood-borne factors resulting in sustained damage is not fully understood. We previously reported that astrocytes respond atypically to mTBI, rapidly losing many proteins essential to their homeostatic function, while classic scar formation does not occur. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mTBI-induced BBB damage causes atypical astrocytes through exposure to blood-borne factors. Using an mTBI mouse model, two-photon imaging, an endothelial cell-specific genetic ablation approach, and serum-free primary astrocyte cultures, we demonstrated that areas with atypical astrocytes coincide with BBB damage and that exposure of astrocytes to plasma proteins is sufficient to initiate loss of astrocyte homeostatic proteins. Although mTBI resulted in frequent impairment of both physical and metabolic BBB properties and leakage of small-sized blood-borne factors, deposition of the coagulation factor fibrinogen or vessel rupture were rare. Surprisingly, even months after mTBI, BBB repair did not occur in areas with atypical astrocytes. Together, these findings implicate that even relatively small BBB disturbances are sustained long term, and render nearby astrocytes dysfunctional, likely at the cost of neuronal health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijana K. George
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Heithoff
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Oleksii Shandra
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Address correspondence to: Stefanie Robel, PhD, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, McCallum Basic Health Sciences Building, 9th floor, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA
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Wu J, Zhu ZY, Fan ZW, Chen Y, Yang RY, Li Y. Downregulation of EphB2 by RNA interference attenuates glial/fibrotic scar formation and promotes axon growth. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:362-369. [PMID: 34269211 PMCID: PMC8463997 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid formation of a glial/fibrotic scar is one of the main factors hampering axon growth after spinal cord injury. The bidirectional EphB2/ephrin-B2 signaling of the fibroblast-astrocyte contact-dependent interaction is a trigger for glial/fibrotic scar formation. In the present study, a new in vitro model was produced by coculture of fibroblasts and astrocytes wounded by scratching to mimic glial/fibrotic scar-like structures using an improved slide system. After treatment with RNAi to downregulate EphB2, changes in glial/fibrotic scar formation and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons were examined. Following RNAi treatment, fibroblasts and astrocytes dispersed without forming a glial/fibrotic scar-like structure. Furthermore, the expression levels of neurocan, NG2 and collagen I in the coculture were reduced, and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons was enhanced. These findings suggest that suppression of EphB2 expression by RNAi attenuates the formation of a glial/fibrotic scar and promotes axon growth. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China (approval No. 2019-0506-002) on May 6, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Yun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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50
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Tu M, Hu S, Lou Z. A high value of fibrinogen in immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients is associated with a worse renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis score. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24120. [PMID: 34783399 PMCID: PMC8761457 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between serum fibrinogen value and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients with eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Patients and Methods Of 359 patients diagnosed with immunoglobulin A nephropathy after renal biopsy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic, histopathological features, and clinical data were collected. The relationships among these factors were analyzed by using Student's t test, Mann‐Whitney U test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, Chi‐square test, or Fisher's exact test, where appropriate. The logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the independent risk factors. Results Of 176 immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients with eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 were included in this study, and patients were classified into low fibrinogen (fibrinogen <304.6 mg/dl) and high fibrinogen (fibrinogen ≥304.6 mg/dl) groups, respectively. High fibrinogen groups had advanced age, a higher classification of renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, and higher levels of systolic pressure, D‐dimer, 24 h urine protein quantitation, nag enzyme. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that fibrinogen (OR = 1.018) was significantly associated with tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion Among patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy, the higher levels of fibrinogen and uric acid may mean a higher score of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, which suggests the renal biopsy should be performed for these patients as early as possible to defined pathological classification, even though there is no obvious abnormal change in the test of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sipin Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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