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Woods C, Wang G, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces NOX2-dependent reactive oxygen species production in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons following angiotensin II infusion. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105825. [PMID: 39097233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
There is evidence that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) influences autonomic processes coordinated within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), however, the signaling mechanisms subserving TNFα's actions in this brain area are unclear. In non-neuronal cell types, TNFα has been shown to play an important role in canonical NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules also known to be critically involved in hypertension. However, little is known about the role of TNFα in NOX2-dependent ROS production in the PVN within the context of hypertension. Using dual labeling immunoelectron microscopy and dihydroethidium (DHE) microfluorography, we provide structural and functional evidence for interactions between TNFα and NOX2 in the PVN. The TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1), the major mediator of TNFα signaling in the PVN, was commonly co-localized with the catalytic gp91phox subunit of NOX2 in postsynaptic sites of PVN neurons. Additionally, there was an increase in dual labeled dendritic profiles following fourteen-day slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Using DHE microfluorography, it was also shown that TNFα application resulted in a NOX2-dependent increase in ROS in isolated PVN neurons projecting to the spinal cord. Further, TNFα-mediated ROS production was heightened after AngII infusion. The finding that TNFR1 and gp91phox are positioned for rapid interactions, particularly in PVN-spinal cord projection neurons, provides a molecular substrate by which inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress may jointly contribute to AngII hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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2
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Xega V, Liu JL. Beyond reproduction: unraveling the impact of sex hormones on cardiometabolic health. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:284-300. [PMID: 39135604 PMCID: PMC11317208 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This review thoroughly explores the multifaceted roles of sexual hormones, emphasizing their impact beyond reproductive functions and underscoring their significant influence on cardiometabolic regulation. It analyzes the broader physiological implications of estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone, highlighting their effects on metabolic syndrome, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and cardiovascular health. Drawing from diverse molecular, clinical, and therapeutic studies, the paper delves into the intricate interplay between these hormones and cardiometabolic processes. By presenting a comprehensive analysis that goes beyond traditional perspectives, and recognizing sexual hormones as more than reproductive agents, the review sheds light on their broader significance in health and disease management, advocating for holistic and personalized medical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Xega
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Drury ER, Wu J, Gigliotti JC, Le TH. Sex differences in blood pressure regulation and hypertension: renal, hemodynamic, and hormonal mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:199-251. [PMID: 37477622 PMCID: PMC11281816 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The teleology of sex differences has been argued since at least as early as Aristotle's controversial Generation of Animals more than 300 years BC, which reflects the sex bias of the time to contemporary readers. Although the question "why are the sexes different" remains a topic of debate in the present day in metaphysics, the recent emphasis on sex comparison in research studies has led to the question "how are the sexes different" being addressed in health science through numerous observational studies in both health and disease susceptibility, including blood pressure regulation and hypertension. These efforts have resulted in better understanding of differences in males and females at the molecular level that partially explain their differences in vascular function and renal sodium handling and hence blood pressure and the consequential cardiovascular and kidney disease risks in hypertension. This review focuses on clinical studies comparing differences between men and women in blood pressure over the life span and response to dietary sodium and highlights experimental models investigating sexual dimorphism in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, vascular, sympathetic nervous, and immune systems, endothelin, the major renal sodium transporters/exchangers/channels, and the impact of sex hormones on these systems in blood pressure homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms governing sex differences in blood pressure regulation could guide novel therapeutic approaches in a sex-specific manner to lower cardiovascular risks in hypertension and advance personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Drury
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Joseph C Gigliotti
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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4
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Xiao Z, Liu H. The estrogen receptor and metabolism. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057241227362. [PMID: 38420694 PMCID: PMC10903191 DOI: 10.1177/17455057241227362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Across the globe, metabolic syndrome, hyperuric acid, and their related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and insulin resistance, are increasing in incidence due to metabolic imbalances. Due to the pathogenesis, women are more prone to these diseases than men. As estrogen levels decrease after menopause, obesity and metabolic disorders are more likely to occur. Men are also affected by hyperuric acid. To provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia, this article reviews and analyzes the relationship between estrogen receptors, metabolic syndrome, and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizi Xiao
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Schwarz KG, Vicencio SC, Inestrosa NC, Villaseca P, Del Rio R. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction throughout menopausal transition: A potential mechanism underpinning cardiovascular and cognitive alterations during female ageing. J Physiol 2024; 602:263-280. [PMID: 38064358 DOI: 10.1113/jp285126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are highly prevalent conditions in middle-aged women that severely impair quality of life. Recent evidence suggests the existence of an intimate cross-talk between the heart and the brain, resulting from a complex network of neurohumoral circuits. From a pathophysiological perspective, the higher prevalence of AD in women may be explained, at least in part, by sex-related differences in the incidence/prevalence of CVD. Notably, the autonomic nervous system, the main heart-brain axis physiological orchestrator, has been suggested to play a role in the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in middle-aged women because of decreases in oestrogen-related signalling during transition into menopause. Despite its overt relevance for public health, this hypothesis has not been thoroughly tested. Accordingly, in this review, we aim to provide up to date evidence supporting how changes in circulating oestrogen levels during transition to menopause may trigger autonomic dysfunction, thus promoting cardiovascular and cognitive decline in women. A main focus on the effects of oestrogen-mediated signalling at CNS structures related to autonomic regulation is provided, particularly on the role of oestrogens in sympathoexcitation. Improving the understanding of the contribution of the autonomic nervous system on the development, maintenance and/or progression of both cardiovascular and cognitive dysfunction during the transition to menopause should help improve the clinical management of elderly women, with the outcome being an improved life quality during the natural ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sinay C Vicencio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Paulina Villaseca
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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6
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Orlova IA, Sorokin ED, Pavlova ZS, Plisyuk AG, Kamalov AA. Linking Cardiovascular Risk With Estradiol Level in Men. KARDIOLOGIIA 2023; 63:14-19. [PMID: 37815135 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2023.9.n2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study the relationship between the cardiovascular risk and the level of estradiol in men of young and middle age. The main group included 71 patients with newly diagnosed hyperestrogenia (HE) (serum estradiol >41.2 pg/ ml). Using pseudorandomization, 68 men with normal estradiol level and age- and body weight index (BWI)-matched with the main group were included into the control group. Anthropometric data, bioimpedance variables, blood pressure (BP), and concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, glucose, and total cholesterol were analyzed in both groups.Results Patients of the main and control groups did not differ in age, BWI, and smoking status. Testosterone concentration was 10.18 nmol/l in the HE group and 12.18 nmol /l in the control group (p=0.006). Systolic BP was 142.0 mm Hg in the HE group and 135.2 mm Hg in the control group (p=0.011); diastolic BP was 90.3 mm Hg in the HE group and 86.2 mm Hg in the control group (p=0.008). Total cholesterol was 5.87 mmol/l in the HE group and 5.33 mmol/l in the control group (p=0.023). Blood glucose did not differ between the groups. The presence of HE in men 2.11 times (р=0.038) increased the probability of arterial hypertension. The intergroup difference by the SCORE scale did not reach statistical significance (р=0.172). BWI, waist and hip circumferences, and bioimpedance body composition parameters did not differ between the groups.Conclusion In the studied cohort of young and middle-aged men, HE was an independent predictor for the presence of arterial hypertension. There were no significant intergroup differences in the total risk of cardiovascular diseases calculated with the SCORE scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ia A Orlova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; School of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - E D Sorokin
- School of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - Z Sh Pavlova
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - A G Plisyuk
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; School of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - A A Kamalov
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; School of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
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7
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Visniauskas B, Kilanowski-Doroh I, Ogola BO, Mcnally AB, Horton AC, Imulinde Sugi A, Lindsey SH. Estrogen-mediated mechanisms in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:609-618. [PMID: 36319856 PMCID: PMC10919324 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally for men and women. Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular events than men of the same age, but diminished sex differences after menopause implicates 17-beta-estradiol (E2) as a protective agent. The cardioprotective effects of E2 are mediated by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). This review summarizes both established as well as emerging estrogen-mediated mechanisms that underlie sex differences in the vasculature during hypertension and CVD. In addition, remaining knowledge gaps inherent in the association of sex differences and E2 are identified, which may guide future clinical trials and experimental studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Benard O Ogola
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexandra B Mcnally
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alec C Horton
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ariane Imulinde Sugi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology and Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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8
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Chen J, Pei Y, Wang Q, Li C, Liang W, Yu J. Effect of sacubitril/valsartan or valsartan on ventricular remodeling and myocardial fibrosis in perimenopausal women with hypertension. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1077-1083. [PMID: 37071432 PMCID: PMC10241445 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of sacubitril/valsartan on blood pressure (BP), ventricular structure, and myocardial fibrosis compared with valsartan in perimenopausal hypertensive women. METHODS This prospective, randomized, actively controlled, open-label study included 292 women with perimenopausal hypertension. They were randomly divided into two groups: sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg once daily and valsartan 160 mg once daily for 24 weeks. The relevant indicators of ambulatory BP, echocardiography, and myocardial fibrosis regulation were assessed at baseline and at 24 weeks. RESULTS The 24-h mean SBP after 24 weeks of treatment was 120.08 ± 10.47 mmHg in the sacubitril/valsartan group versus 121.00 ± 9.76 mmHg in the valsartan group ( P = 0.457). After 24 weeks of treatment, there was no difference in central SBP between the sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan groups (117.17 ± 11.63 versus 116.38 ± 11.58, P = 0.568). LVMI in the sacubitril/valsartan group was lower than that in the valsartan group at week 24 ( P = 0.009). LVMI decreased by 7.23 g/m 2 from the baseline in the sacubitril/valsartan group and 3.70 g/m 2 in the valsartan group at 24 weeks ( P = 0.000 versus 0.017). A statistically significant difference in LVMI between the two groups was observed at 24 weeks after adjusting for the baseline LVMI ( P = 0.001). The levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CT-GF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were reduced in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared with the baseline ( P = 0.000, 0.005, and 0.000). LVMI between the two groups was statistically significant at 24 weeks after correcting for confounding factors 24-h mean SBP and 24-h mean DBP ( P = 0.005). The LVMI, serum TGF-β, α-SMA, and CT-GF remained statistically significant between the two groups after further correcting the factors of age, BMI, and sex hormone levels ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sacubitril/valsartan could reverse ventricular remodeling more effectively than valsartan. The different effects of these two therapies on ventricular remodeling in perimenopausal hypertensive women might be because of their different effects on the down-regulation of fibrosis-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Chen
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
| | - Ying Pei
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Wang
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caie Li
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
| | - Wei Liang
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
| | - Jing Yu
- Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Mazid S, Waters EM, Lopez-Lee C, Poultan Kamakura R, Rubin BR, Levin ER, McEwen BS, Milner TA. Both Nuclear and Membrane Estrogen Receptor Alpha Impact the Expression of Estrogen Receptors and Plasticity Markers in the Mouse Hypothalamus and Hippocampus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:632. [PMID: 37106832 PMCID: PMC10135777 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) genomic and nongenomic signaling can influence plasticity processes in numerous brain regions. Using mice that express nuclear only ERα (NOER) or membrane only ERα (MOER), this study examined the effect of receptor compartmentalization on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the hippocampus. The absence of nuclear and membrane ERα expression impacted females but not males in these two brain areas. In the PVN, quantitative immunohistochemistry showed that the absence of nuclear ERα increased nuclear ERβ. Moreover, in the hippocampus CA1, immuno-electron microscopy revealed that the absence of either nuclear or membrane ERα decreased extranuclear ERα and pTrkB in synapses. In contrast, in the dentate gyrus, the absence of nuclear ERα increased pTrkB in synapses, whereas the absence of membrane ERα decreased pTrkB in axons. However, the absence of membrane only ERα decreased the sprouting of mossy fibers in CA3 as reflected by changes in zinc transporter immunolabeling. Altogether these findings support the idea that both membrane and nuclear ERα contribute overlapping and unique actions of estrogen that are tissue- and cellular-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoara Mazid
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Waters
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chloe Lopez-Lee
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Renata Poultan Kamakura
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Batsheva R. Rubin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ellis R. Levin
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
| | - Bruce S. McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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10
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Liu H, Zhan J, He J, Zhong L, Yang J, Dai Q, Zhang X. The effect of 17β-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate on blood pressure and inflammation markers: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 285:59-68. [PMID: 37060841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have explored the impact of 17β-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate administration on blood pressure and inflammation markers, however, their findings have often been contradictory. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to assess the effects of this drug combination on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant published RCTs. The pooled mean change and standard deviation (SD) of the outcomes were calculated using the STATA software (version 14) for Statistical Computing. RESULTS A total of 18 publications were included in the current meta-analysis. In total, there were 12 RCT arms on SBP, 12 RCT arms on DBP, and 6 RCT arms on CRP levels. The administration of 17β-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate intake increased SBP (WMD: 3.48 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.73, 6.23, P = 0.013), particularly in subjects aged ≥ 60 years (WMD: 5.89 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.71, 10.07, P = 0.006) or with a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 (WMD: 6.55 mmHg, 95% CI: 2.64, 10.46, P = 0.012), as well as in the RCTs which lasted ≥ 6 months (WMD: 6.47 mmHg, 95% CI: 3.03, 9.90, P < 0.001),when 17β-estradiol dosages were ≥ 2 mg/day (WMD: 4.12 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.03, 7.22, P = 0.009; I2 = 99%, P < 0.001) and in RCTs conducted on healthy postmenopausal women (WMD: 4.22 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.43, 8.01, P = 0.02; I2 = 94%, P < 0.001). DBP decreased following this drug combination in the RCTs which lasted < 6 months (WMD: -1.42 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.27, -0.57, P = 0.001). CRP concentrations increased following the use of this drug combination (WMD: 1.01 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.41, P < 0.001), especially in participants aged < 60 years (WMD: 1.22 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.68, P < 0.001) or with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 (WMD: 0.97 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.67, 1.27, P < 0.001), as well as in RCTs with a duration of ≥ 6 months (WMD: 1.15 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.73, P < 0.001), when 17β-estradiol dosages were ≥ 2 mg/day (WMD: 0.97 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.67, 1.27, P < 0.001; I2 = 55%, P = 0.107) and in RCTs conducted on healthy postmenopausal women (WMD: 1.22 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.68, P < 0.001; I2 = 90%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The administration of 17β-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate increases SBP and CRP concentrations and, when prescribed for less than 6 months, decreases DBP. However, despite being statistically significant, the impact of this drug combination on SBP and DBP is not clinically relevant as the variation in blood pressure values was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jiang Zhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ezhou Central Hospital, Hubei Province, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, China
| | - Jiao He
- Department of Outpatient, General Hospital of Western Theater of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Qiaomei Dai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Xianlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430019, China.
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11
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Woods C, Contoreggi NH, Johnson MA, Milner TA, Wang G, Glass MJ. Estrogen receptor beta activity contributes to both tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the resistance to hypertension following angiotensin II in female mice. Neurochem Int 2022; 161:105420. [PMID: 36170907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the sensitivity to hypertension and inflammatory processes are well characterized but insufficiently understood. In male mice, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to hypertension following slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. However, the role of PVN TNFα in the response to AngII in female mice is unknown. Using a combination of in situ hybridization, high-resolution electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, spatial-temporal gene silencing, and dihydroethidium microfluorography we investigated the influence of AngII on both blood pressure and PVN TNFα signaling in female mice. We found that chronic (14-day) infusion of AngII in female mice did not impact blood pressure, TNFα levels, the expression of the TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1), or the subcellular distribution of TNFR1 in the PVN. However, it was shown that blockade of estrogen receptor β (ERβ), a major hypothalamic estrogen receptor, was accompanied by both elevated PVN TNFα and hypertension following AngII. Further, AngII hypertension following ERβ blockade was attenuated by inhibiting PVN TNFα signaling by local TNFR1 silencing. It was also shown that ERβ blockade in isolated PVN-spinal cord projection neurons (i.e. sympathoexcitatory) heightened TNFα-induced production of NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-mediated reactive oxygen species, molecules that may play a key role in mediating the effect of TNFα in hypertension. These results indicate that ERβ contributes to the reduced sensitivity of female mice to hypothalamic inflammatory cytokine signaling and hypertension in response to AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Natalina H Contoreggi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Megan A Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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12
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Milner TA, Chen RX, Welington D, Rubin BR, Contoreggi NH, Johnson MA, Mazid S, Marques-Lopes J, Marongiu R, Glass MJ. Angiotensin II differentially affects hippocampal glial inflammatory markers in young adult male and female mice. Learn Mem 2022; 29:265-273. [PMID: 36206386 PMCID: PMC9488028 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053507.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders involving inflammation and inflammatory cytokine-producing brain cells (microglia and astrocytes) in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here we investigated the effect of slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) on gliosis in the hippocampus and mPFC of young adult (2-mo-old) male and female mice. In males, AngII induced hypertension, and this resulted in an increase in the density of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the subgranular hilus and a decrease in the density of the microglial marker ionized calcium binding adapter molecule (Iba-1) in the CA1 region. Females infused with AngII did not show hypertension but, significantly, showed alterations in hippocampal glial activation. Compared with vehicle, AngII-infused female mice had an increased density of Iba-1 in the dentate gyrus and CA2/3a region. Like males, females infused with AngII exhibited decreased Iba-1 in the CA1 region. Neither male nor female mice showed differences in GFAP or Iba-1 in the mPFC following AngII infusion. These results demonstrate that the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to AngII in young adulthood. Differences in gonadal hormones or the sensitivity to AngII hypertension may account for divergences in GFAP and Iba-1 in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ryan X Chen
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Diedreanna Welington
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Batsheva R Rubin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Natalina H Contoreggi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Megan A Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sanoara Mazid
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jose Marques-Lopes
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Roberta Marongiu
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
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13
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Gryglewska K, Sakowicz A, Rybak M, Janikowski K, Banach M. Obesity and Body Mass Components Influence Exercise Tolerance and the Course of Hypertension in Perimenopausal Women. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9080238. [PMID: 36005402 PMCID: PMC9409395 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the potential influence of obesity and body mass components on exercise tolerance assessed in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), biochemical and echocardiographic parameters and factors correlated with oxygen absorption at the anaerobic threshold in hypertensive women with low levels of physical activity in the perimenopausal period. The study comprised 188 hypertensive women divided, based on body mass index (BMI), into an obesity group and a non-obesity group. Women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had significantly higher parameters of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in echocardiography, lower total body water (TBC) in percentage assessed by bioimpedance and significantly worse exercise capacity assessed by CPET. In the study group, VO2 AT (mL/kg/min) correlated positively with TBW (r = 0.4, p < 0.0001) and with the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) (r = 0.4, p < 0.00001) and negatively with fat (% and kg) (r = −0.4, p < 0.0001 for both). Obesity negatively affects parameters of diastolic left ventricular function, as well as exercise tolerance in CPET in hypertensive females during the perimenopausal period. The oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold correlates positively with total body water and ECW/TBW and negatively with body fat; this connection is more pronounced in women without obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04802369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (M.R.); (K.J.); (M.B.)
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.-D.); (K.G.); Tel.: +48-42-271-15-97 (A.B.-D. & K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Gryglewska
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (M.R.); (K.J.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-D.); (K.G.); Tel.: +48-42-271-15-97 (A.B.-D. & K.G.)
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marek Rybak
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (M.R.); (K.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Kamil Janikowski
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (M.R.); (K.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (M.R.); (K.J.); (M.B.)
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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14
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Huang ST, Chen BB, Song ZJ, Tang HL, Hua R, Zhang YM. Unraveling the role of Epac1-SOCS3 signaling in the development of neonatal-CRD-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1393-1408. [PMID: 35702948 PMCID: PMC9344090 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is widespread, but effective therapies for it remain elusive. As a canonical anti‐inflammatory protein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) reportedly relays exchange protein 1 directly activated by cAMP (Epac1) signaling and inhibits the intracellular response to inflammatory cytokines. Despite the inhibitory effect of SOCS3 on the pro‐inflammatory response and neuroinflammation in PVN, the systematic investigation of Epac1‐SOCS3 signaling involved in visceral hypersensitivity remains unknown. This study aimed to explore Epac1‐SOCS3 signaling in the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) neurons and visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats experiencing neonatal colorectal distension (CRD). Methods Rats were subjected to neonatal CRD to simulate visceral hypersensitivity to investigate the effect of Epac1‐SOCS3 signaling on PVN CRF neurons. The expression and activity of Epac1 and SOCS3 in nociceptive hypersensitivity were determined by western blot, RT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, electrophysiology, and pharmacology. Results In neonatal‐CRD‐induced visceral hypersensitivity model, Epac1 and SOCS3 expressions were downregulated and IL‐6 levels elevated in PVN. However, infusion of Epac agonist 8‐pCPT in PVN reduced CRF neuronal firing rates, and overexpression of SOCS3 in PVN by AAV‐SOCS3 inhibited the activation of PVN neurons, reduced visceral hypersensitivity, and precluded pain precipitation. Intervention with IL‐6 neutralizing antibody also alleviated the visceral hypersensitivity. In naïve rats, Epac antagonist ESI‐09 in PVN increased CRF neuronal firing. Consistently, genetic knockdown of Epac1 or SOCS3 in PVN potentiated the firing rate of CRF neurons, functionality of HPA axis, and sensitivity of visceral nociception. Moreover, pharmacological intervention with exogenous IL‐6 into PVN simulated the visceral hypersensitivity. Conclusions Inactivation of Epac1‐SOCS3 pathway contributed to the neuroinflammation accompanied by the sensitization of CRF neurons in PVN, precipitating visceral hypersensitivity and pain in rats experiencing neonatal CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ting Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Li Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China
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15
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Tasić T, Tadić M, Lozić M. Hypertension in Women. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905504. [PMID: 35722103 PMCID: PMC9203893 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the human population. Nevertheless, the intricate network of pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the development of hypertension in women still awaits to be fully understood. From young age to maturity and senescence, the female body transits through different stages, each of them characterized with specific physiological features and disposition to particular pathological conditions, and that is exactly what makes the understanding of the genesis and adequate treatment of hypertension in women so challenging. Clinical and experimental findings emphasize the role of sex hormones, autonomic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and arterial stiffness in the development of chronically elevated blood pressure in females. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the knowledge of the mechanisms and treatment of hypertension in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Tasić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Tadić
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Cardiology Department, University Clinic of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marijana Tadić
| | - Maja Lozić
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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16
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Wang G, Woods C, Johnson MA, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Angiotensin II Infusion Results in Both Hypertension and Increased AMPA GluA1 Signaling in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Male but not Female Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 485:129-144. [PMID: 34999197 PMCID: PMC9116447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a key role in hypertension, however the signaling pathways that contribute to the adaptability of the PVN during hypertension are uncertain. We present evidence that signaling at the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) GluA1 receptor contributes to increased blood pressure in a model of neurogenic hypertension induced by 14-day slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in male mice. It was found that AngII hypertension was associated with an increase in plasma membrane affiliation of GluA1, but decreased GluA2, in dendritic profiles of PVN neurons expressing the TNFα type 1 receptor, a modulator of AMPA receptor trafficking. The increased plasma membrane GluA1 was paralleled by heightened AMPA currents in PVN-spinal cord projection neurons from AngII-infused male mice. Significantly, elevated AMPA currents in AngII-treated mice were blocked by 1-Naphthyl acetyl spermine trihydrochloride, pointing to the involvement of GluA2-lacking GluA1 receptors in the heightened AMPA signaling in PVN neurons. A further functional role for GluA1 in the PVN was demonstrated by the attenuated hypertensive response following silencing of GluA1 in the PVN of AngII-infused male mice. In female mice, AngII-infusion did not impact blood pressure or plasma membrane localization of GluA1 . Post-translational modifications that increase the plasma membrane localization of AMPA GluA1 and heighten the rapid excitatory signaling actions of glutamate in PVN neurons may serve as a molecular substrate underlying sex differences in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Megan A. Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065,Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065,Address correspondence to: Dr. Michael J. Glass, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065; Phone: (646) 962-8253;
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17
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Garzón M, Wang G, Chan J, Bourie F, Mackie K, Pickel VM. Adolescent administration of Δ 9-THC decreases the expression and function of muscarinic-1 receptors in prelimbic prefrontal cortical neurons of adult male mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:144-155. [PMID: 34667972 PMCID: PMC8506972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term cannabis use during adolescence has deleterious effects in brain that are largely ascribed to the activation of cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB1Rs) by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), the primary psychoactive compound in marijuana. Systemic administration of ∆9-THC inhibits acetylcholine release in the prelimbic-prefrontal cortex (PL-PFC). In turn, PL-PFC acetylcholine plays a role in executive activities regulated by CB1R-targeting endocannabinoids, which are generated by cholinergic stimulation of muscarinic-1 receptors (M1Rs). However, the long-term effects of chronic administration of increasing doses of ∆9-THC in adolescent males on the distribution and function of M1 and/or CB1 receptors in the PL-PFC remains unresolved. We used C57BL\6J male mice pre-treated with vehicle or escalating daily doses of ∆9-THC to begin filling this gap. Electron microscopic immunolabeling showed M1R-immunogold particles on plasma membranes and in association with cytoplasmic membranes in varying sized dendrites and dendritic spines. These dendritic profiles received synaptic inputs from unlabeled, CB1R- and/or M1R-labeled axon terminals in the PL-PFC of both treatment groups. However, there was a size-dependent decrease in total (plasmalemmal and cytoplasmic) M1R gold particles in small dendrites within the PL-PFC of mice receiving ∆9-THC. Whole cell current-clamp recording in PL-PFC slice preparations further revealed that adolescent pretreatment with ∆9-THC attenuates the hyperpolarization and increases the firing rate produced by local muscarinic stimulation. Repeated administration of ∆9-THC during adolescence also reduced spontaneous alternations in a Y-maze paradigm designed for measures of PFC-dependent memory function in adult mice. Our results provide new information implicating M1Rs in cortical dysfunctions resulting from adolescent abuse of marijuana.
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Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol diacylglycerol
- ABC, avidin biotin complex
- ACSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- Adolescence
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CB1Rs, cannabinoid-1 receptors
- Cannabinoid
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- EPSC, excitatory postsynaptic current
- ETOH, ethyl alcohol
- IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- IPSC, inhibitory postsynaptic current
- ITI, intertrial interval
- LTD, long term depression
- M1Rs, muscarinic-1 receptors
- Marijuana
- Muscarinic-1 receptor
- NMDA, N- methyl-D-aspartate
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PD, postnatal day
- PL-PFC, prelimbic-prefrontal cortex
- PLC, phospholipase C
- Prefrontal cortex
- Prelimbic
- RMP, resting membrane potential
- SA, spontaneous alternation
- TS, Tris-buffered saline
- ∆9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garzón
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina UAM, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Gang Wang
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - June Chan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Faye Bourie
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Virginia M. Pickel
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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18
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Zhang M, Flury S, Kim CK, Chung WCJ, Kirk JA, Pak TR. Absolute Quantification of Phosphorylated ERβ Amino Acids in the Hippocampus of Women and in A Rat Model of Menopause. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6306514. [PMID: 34147032 PMCID: PMC8294689 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid decline of circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) at menopause leads to negative neurological consequences, although hormone therapy paradoxically has both harmful and positive effects depending on the age at which it is delivered. The inconsistent response to E2 suggests unappreciated regulatory mechanisms for estrogen receptors (ERs), and we predicted it could be due to age-related differences in ERβ phosphorylation. We assessed ERβ phosphorylation using a sensitive mass spectrometry approach that provides absolute quantification (AQUA-MS) of individually phosphorylated residues. Specifically, we quantified phosphorylated ERβ in the hippocampus of women (aged 21-83 years) and in a rat model of menopause at 4 residues with conserved sequence homology between the 2 species: S105, S176, S200, and Y488. Phosphorylation at these sites, which spanned all domains of ERβ, were remarkably consistent between the 2 species, showing high levels of S105 phosphorylation (80%-100%) and low levels of S200 (20%-40%). Further, S200 phosphorylation decreased with aging in humans and loss of E2 in rats. Surprisingly, Y488 phosphorylation, which has been linked to ERβ ligand-independent actions, exhibited approximately 70% phosphorylation, unaltered by species, age, or E2, suggesting ERβ's primary mode of action may not require E2 binding. We further show phosphorylation at 2 sites directly altered ERβ DNA-binding efficiency, and thus could affect its transcription factor activity. These findings provide the first absolute quantification of ERβ phosphorylation in the human and rat brain, novel insights into ERβ regulation, and a critical foundation for providing more targeted therapeutic options for menopause in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Sarah Flury
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Chun K Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Wilson C J Chung
- Department of Biology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Toni R Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
- Correspondence: Toni R. Pak, PhD, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S First Ave, CTRE 115-520, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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