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Ohm M, Hosseini S, Lonnemann N, He W, More T, Goldmann O, Medina E, Hiller K, Korte M. The potential therapeutic role of itaconate and mesaconate on the detrimental effects of LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the brain. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:207. [PMID: 39164713 PMCID: PMC11337794 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment, inflammation and its consequences remain a major challenge in the field of medicine. Inflammatory reactions can lead to life-threatening conditions such as septic shock, while chronic inflammation has the potential to worsen the condition of body tissues and ultimately lead to significant impairment of their functionality. Although the central nervous system has long been considered immune privileged to peripheral immune responses, recent research has shown that strong immune responses in the periphery also affect the brain, leading to reactive microglia, which belong to the innate immune system and reside in the brain, and neuroinflammation. The inflammatory response is primarily a protective mechanism to defend against pathogens and tissue damage. However, excessive and chronic inflammation can have negative effects on neuronal structure and function. Neuroinflammation underlies the pathogenesis of many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and can accelerate their progression. Consequently, targeting inflammatory signaling pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for various neuropathological conditions, particularly Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, by curbing inflammation. Here the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle for potential therapeutic strategies, therefore it would be highly advantageous to foster and utilize brain innate anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The tricarboxylic acid cycle-derived metabolite itaconate is highly upregulated in activated macrophages and has been shown to act as an immunomodulator with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial functions. Mesaconate, an isomer of itaconate, similarly reduces the inflammatory response in macrophages. Nevertheless, most studies have focused on its esterified forms and its peripheral effects, while its influence on the CNS remained largely unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated the immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential of endogenously synthesized itaconate and its isomer mesaconate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory processes. Our results show that both itaconate and mesaconate reduce LPS-induced neuroinflammation, as evidenced by lower levels of inflammatory mediators, reduced microglial reactivity and a rescue of synaptic plasticity, the cellular correlate of learning and memory processes in the brain. Overall, this study emphasizes that both itaconate and mesaconate have therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory processes in the brain and are of remarkable importance due to their endogenous origin and production, which usually leads to high tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ohm
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Niklas Lonnemann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tushar More
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldmann
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eva Medina
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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2
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Valiauga R, Talley S, Khemmani M, Fontes Noronha M, Gogliotti R, Wolfe AJ, Campbell E. Sex-dependent effects of carbohydrate source and quantity on caspase-1 activity in the mouse central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:151. [PMID: 38840215 PMCID: PMC11155082 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence links glucose intolerance and diabetes as aspects of metabolic dysregulation that are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Inflammation and inflammasome activation have emerged as a potential link between these disparate pathologies. As diet is a key factor in both the development of metabolic disorders and inflammation, we hypothesize that long term changes in dietary factors can influence nervous system function by regulating inflammasome activity and that this phenotype would be sex-dependent, as sex hormones are known to regulate metabolism and immune processes. METHODS 5-week-old male and female transgenic mice expressing a caspase-1 bioluminescent reporter underwent cranial window surgeries and were fed control (65% complex carbohydrates, 15% fat), high glycemic index (65% carbohydrates from sucrose, 15% fat), or ketogenic (1% complex carbohydrates, 79% fat) diet from 6 to 26 weeks of age. Glucose regulation was assessed with a glucose tolerance test following a 4-h morning fast. Bioluminescence in the brain was quantified using IVIS in vivo imaging. Blood cytokine levels were measured using cytokine bead array. 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing of mouse feces was performed to assess alterations in the gut microbiome. Behavior associated with these dietary changes was also evaluated. RESULTS The ketogenic diet caused weight gain and glucose intolerance in both male and female mice. In male mice, the high glycemic diet led to increased caspase-1 biosensor activation over the course of the study, while in females the ketogenic diet drove an increase in biosensor activation compared to their respective controls. These changes correlated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines present in the serum of test mice and the emergence of anxiety-like behavior. The microbiome composition differed significantly between diets; however no significant link between diet, glucose tolerance, or caspase-1 signal was established. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that diet composition, specifically the source and quantity of carbohydrates, has sex-specific effects on inflammasome activation in the central nervous system and behavior. This phenotype manifested as increased anxiety in male mice, and future studies are needed to determine if this phenotype is linked to alterations in microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Valiauga
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mark Khemmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Rocco Gogliotti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, 60141, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward Campbell
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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3
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Brown GC, Heneka MT. The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38561809 PMCID: PMC10983749 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes much of the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and if LPS enters the human body or brain can induce inflammation and act as an endotoxin. We outline the hypothesis here that LPS may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via peripheral infections or gut dysfunction elevating LPS levels in blood and brain, which promotes: amyloid pathology, tau pathology and microglial activation, contributing to the neurodegeneration of AD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: i) blood and brain levels of LPS are elevated in AD patients, ii) AD risk factors increase LPS levels or response, iii) LPS induces Aβ expression, aggregation, inflammation and neurotoxicity, iv) LPS induces TAU phosphorylation, aggregation and spreading, v) LPS induces microglial priming, activation and neurotoxicity, and vi) blood LPS induces loss of synapses, neurons and memory in AD mouse models, and cognitive dysfunction in humans. However, to test the hypothesis, it is necessary to test whether reducing blood LPS reduces AD risk or progression. If the LPS endotoxin hypothesis is correct, then treatments might include: reducing infections, changing gut microbiome, reducing leaky gut, decreasing blood LPS, or blocking LPS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Anton PE, Rutt LN, Kaufman ML, Busquet N, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. Binge ethanol exposure in advanced age elevates neuroinflammation and early indicators of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:303-316. [PMID: 38151165 PMCID: PMC11446185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is rising among aged adults (>65 years of age), however the contribution of alcohol misuse to neurodegenerative disease development is not well understood. Both advanced age and repeated binge ethanol exposure increase neuroinflammation, which is an important component of neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Surprisingly, the distinct effects of binge ethanol exposure on neuroinflammation and associated degeneration in the aged brain have not been well characterized. Here, we establish a model of intermittent binge ethanol exposure in young and aged female mice to investigate the effects of advanced age and binge ethanol on these outcomes. Following intermittent binge ethanol exposure, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (tnf-α, il-1β, ccl2) was distinctly increased in isolated hippocampal tissue by the combination of advanced age and ethanol. Binge ethanol exposure also increased measures of senescence, the nod like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and microglia reactivity in the brains of aged mice compared to young. Binge ethanol exposure also promoted neuropathology in the hippocampus of aged mice, including tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death. We further identified advanced age-related deficits in contextual memory that were further negatively impacted by ethanol exposure. These data suggest binge drinking superimposed with advanced age promotes early markers of neurodegenerative disease development and cognitive decline, which may be driven by heightened neuroinflammatory responses to ethanol. Taken together, we propose this novel exposure model of intermittent binge ethanol can be used to identify therapeutic targets to prevent advanced age- and ethanol-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael L Kaufman
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- Animal Behavior and In Vivo Neurophysiology Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Ravichandran KA, Heneka MT. Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:67-83. [PMID: 38195712 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular scaffolds that are activated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and form a key element of innate immune responses. Consequently, the involvement of inflammasomes in several diseases that are characterized by inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, is widely appreciated. However, many other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, all involve persistent inflammation in the brain, and increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in these conditions. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of inflammasome activation is, therefore, crucial for the development of inflammasome-targeted therapies for neurological conditions. In this Review, we present the current evidence for and understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological diseases and discuss current and potential interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation to mitigate its pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of innate immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, North Worcester, MA, USA.
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Terzioglu G, Young-Pearse TL. Microglial function, INPP5D/SHIP1 signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:89. [PMID: 38017562 PMCID: PMC10685641 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have brought microglia under the spotlight, as loci associated with AD risk are enriched in genes expressed in microglia. Several of these genes have been recognized for their central roles in microglial functions. Increasing evidence suggests that SHIP1, the protein encoded by the AD-associated gene INPP5D, is an important regulator of microglial phagocytosis and immune response. A recent study from our group identified SHIP1 as a negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human iPSC-derived microglial cells (iMGs). In addition, we found evidence for a connection between SHIP1 activity and inflammasome activation in the AD brain. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as part of innate immune responses against pathogens and endogenous damage signals. Previously published studies have suggested that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in AD and contributes to AD-related pathology. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome in the context of AD-related inflammation. We then review the known intracellular functions of SHIP1, including its role in phosphoinositide signaling, interactions with microglial phagocytic receptors such as TREM2 and evidence for its intersection with NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Through rigorous examination of the intricate connections between microglial signaling pathways across several experimental systems and postmortem analyses, the field will be better equipped to tailor newly emerging therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Terzioglu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Nong X, Li N, Wang X, Li H, Wu X, Li M, Hao W, Yang G. TRIM62 knockdown by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates cognitive impairment induced by diabetes in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:131-137. [PMID: 37700852 PMCID: PMC10493211 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif 62 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein that regulates cellular processes, including differentiation, immunity, development and apoptosis, leading to various disease states, such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, the role and mechanism of the tripartite motif 62 in the process of diabetic-induced cognitive impairment have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of the tripartite motif 62 in diabetic-induced cognitive impairment. The results showed that the expression of the tripartite motif 62 was up-regulated in diabetic mice. Silencing of TRIM62 increased body weight and decreased fasting blood glucose in diabetic mice. In addition, knockdown of the tripartite motif 62 inhibited STZ-induced inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Further studies showed that the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasomes were involved in the regulation of diabetic mice by the tripartite motif 62. More importantly, inhibition of the tripartite motif 62 improved cognitive impairment and learning ability in mice. In conclusion, inhibition of TRIM62 inhibits STZ-induced inflammation, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, and improves the cognitive ability of mice. Therefore, the tripartite motif 62 may be an important target for the treatment of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiting Nong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi’an Central Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi’an Central Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi’an Central Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi’an Central Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi’an Central Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi’an Central Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Wenqing Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi’an Central Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, 256 West Youyi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
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8
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Li P, He Y, Yang Q, Guo H, Li N, Zhang D. NEK7 inhibition attenuates Aβ 42-induced cognitive impairment by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:145-153. [PMID: 37700846 PMCID: PMC10493210 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
NEK7 is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell mitosis and the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD-like) receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and is related to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of NEK7 in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BV2 cells, a microglia cell line, was treated with Aβ42. NEK7 expression was measured with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. An apoptosis kit was used to determine the apoptotic rate. APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were used as an in vivo AD model. The experimental mice were infected with sh-NEK7 lentivirus to downregulate NEK7. The Morris water maze was conducted to explore the effect of NEK7 downregulation on cognitive ability. The results showed that Aβ42 significantly upregulated NEK7 in BV2 cells. Silencing NEK7 suppressed the decrease in BV2 viability and the increase in inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by Aβ42. NEK7 mediated it effects through the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, inhibition of NEK7 alleviated the cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, Silencing NEK7 suppresses Aβ42-induced cell apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, and improves cognitive performance in AD mice. NEK7 may be a potential target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Yifan He
- Graduate School, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Hena Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Nini Li
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 521 Hospital of NORINCO GROUP, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Hu X. Exploring the mechanism of Suanzaoren decoction in treatment of insomnia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145532. [PMID: 37670944 PMCID: PMC10475534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the functional mechanisms of Suanzaoren decoction (SZRD) for treating insomnia using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The active ingredients and corresponding targets of SZRD were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, and then, the names of the target proteins were standardized using the UniProt database. The insomnia-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards, DisGeNET, and DrugBank databases. Next, a Venn diagram comprising the drug and disease targets was created, and the intersecting targets were used to draw the active ingredient-target network diagram using Cytoscape software. Next, the STRING database was used to build a protein-protein interaction network, followed by cluster analysis using the MCODE plug-in. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, Integrated Discovery (i.e., DAVID), and the Metascape database were used for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. AutoDock Vina and Pymol software were used for molecular docking. Results: SZRD contained 138 active ingredients, corresponding to 239 targets. We also identified 2,062 insomnia-related targets, among which, 95 drug and disease targets intersected. The GO analysis identified 490, 62, and 114 genes related to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, respectively. Lipid and atherosclerosis, chemical carcinogen-receptor activation, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were the most common pathways in the KEGG analysis. Molecular docking demonstrated that the primary active components of SZRD for insomnia had good binding capabilities with the core proteins in PPI network. Conclusion: Insomnia treatment with SZRD involves multiple targets and signaling pathways, which may improve insomnia by reducing inflammation, regulating neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Wang
- Internal Encephalopathy of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingang Hu
- Internal Encephalopathy of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Millán Solano MV, Salinas Lara C, Sánchez-Garibay C, Soto-Rojas LO, Escobedo-Ávila I, Tena-Suck ML, Ortíz-Butrón R, Choreño-Parra JA, Romero-López JP, Meléndez Camargo ME. Effect of Systemic Inflammation in the CNS: A Silent History of Neuronal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11902. [PMID: 37569277 PMCID: PMC10419139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis and encephalitis, resulting from the blood-borne spread of specific microorganisms, provoke nervous tissue damage due to the inflammatory process. Moreover, different pathologies such as sepsis can generate systemic inflammation. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the release of inflammatory mediators and damage molecules, which are then released into the bloodstream and can interact with structures such as the CNS, thus modifying the blood-brain barrier's (BBB´s) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier´s (BCSFB´s) function and inducing aseptic neuroinflammation. During neuroinflammation, the participation of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) plays an important role. They release cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, nitrogen species, peptides, and even excitatory amino acids that lead to neuronal damage. The neurons undergo morphological and functional changes that could initiate functional alterations to neurodegenerative processes. The present work aims to explain these processes and the pathophysiological interactions involved in CNS damage in the absence of microbes or inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Verónica Millán Solano
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos’ıo Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Citlaltepetl Salinas Lara
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Ávila
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Lilia Tena-Suck
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Ortíz-Butrón
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología de ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos’ıo Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - José Pablo Romero-López
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Estela Meléndez Camargo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Manuel Luis Stampa S/N, U.P. Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
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11
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Ji MH, Gao YZ, Shi CN, Wu XM, Yang JJ. Acute and long-term cognitive impairment following sepsis: mechanism and prevention. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:931-943. [PMID: 37615511 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2250917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a severe host response to infection, which induces both acute and long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its high incidence following sepsis, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective treatments are not available clinically. AREA COVERED This review focuses on elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following sepsis. Specifically, the authors discuss the role of systemic inflammation response, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal dysfunction, and Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation in cognitive impairment after sepsis. Additionally, they review current strategies to ameliorate cognitive impairment. EXPERT OPINION Potential interventions to reduce cognitive impairment after sepsis include earlier diagnosis and effective infection control, hemodynamic homeostasis, and adequate brain perfusion. Furthermore, interventions to reduce inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal injury or death could be beneficial. Implementing strategies to minimize delirium, sleep disturbance, stress factors, and immobility are also recommended. Furthermore, avoiding neurotoxins and implementing early rehabilitation may also be important for preventing cognitive impairment after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui-Na Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Miao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Thapa P, Upadhyay SP, Singh V, Boinpelly VC, Zhou J, Johnson DK, Gurung P, Lee ES, Sharma R, Sharma M. Chalcone: A potential scaffold for NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY REPORTS 2023; 7:100100. [PMID: 37033416 PMCID: PMC10081147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overactivated NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to associate with an increasing number of disease conditions. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in caspase-1-catalyzed formation of active pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) resulting in pyroptosis. The multi-protein composition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its sensitivity to several damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) make this extensively studied inflammasome an attractive target to treat chronic conditions. However, none of the known NLRP3 inhibitors has been approved for clinical use. Sulfonylurea and covalent inhibitors with electrophilic warhead (Michael acceptor) are among the prominent classes of compounds explored for their NLRP3 inhibitory effects. Chalcone, a small molecule with α, β unsaturated carbonyl group (Michael acceptor), has also been studied as a promising scaffold for the development of NLRP3 inhibitors. Low molecular weight, easy to manipulate lipophilicity and cost-effectiveness have attracted many to use chalcone scaffold for drug development. In this review, we highlight chalcone derivatives with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activities. Recent developments and potential new directions summarized here will, hopefully, serve as valuable perspectives for investigators including medicinal chemists and drug discovery researchers to utilize chalcone as a scaffold for developing novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Thapa
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Vikas Singh
- Division of Neurology, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Varun C. Boinpelly
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Computational Chemical Biology Core, Molecular Graphics and Modeling Core, University of Kansas, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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13
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Wang YT, Wang H, Ren WJ, Dai XL, Huo Q, Wang S, Sun YX. 3,6'-Disinapoylsucrose alleviates the amyloid precursor protein and lipopolysaccharide induced cognitive dysfunction through upregulation of the TrkB/BDNF pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:387-402. [PMID: 35672874 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2069565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose (DISS) on an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model induced by APPswe695 lentivirus (LV) and intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results show that DISS improves cognitive ability, decreases the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, reduces the expression of NF-κB p65, and alleviates Aβ deposition and nerve cell damage. DISS can regulate tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in the hippocampus. In summary, DISS can significantly alleviate neuroinflammation, spatial learning and memory disorders in AD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Institute of Functional Food Science and Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wu-Jiang Ren
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue-Ling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Institute of Functional Food Science and Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Qing Huo
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Food Science, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjing 300350, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Institute of Functional Food Science and Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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14
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Dysfunction of NRG1/ErbB4 Signaling in the Hippocampus Might Mediate Long-term Memory Decline After Systemic Inflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3210-3226. [PMID: 36840846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that a great proportion of sepsis survivors suffer from long-term cognitive impairments after hospital discharge, leading to decreased life quality and substantial caregiving burdens for family members. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we established a mouse model of systemic inflammation by repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections. A combination of behavioral tests, biochemical, and in vivo electrophysiology techniques were conducted to test whether abnormal NRG1/ErbB4 signaling, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, and hippocampal neural oscillations were involved in memory decline after repeated LPS injections. Here, we showed that LPS induced long-term memory decline, which was accompanied by dysfunction of NRG1/ErbB4 signaling and PV interneurons, and decreased theta and gamma oscillations. Notably, NRG1 treatment reversed LPS-induced decreases in p-ErbB4 and PV expressions, abnormalities in theta and gamma oscillations, and long-term memory decline. Together, our study demonstrated that dysfunction of NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in the hippocampus might mediate long-term memory decline in a mouse model of systemic inflammation induced by repeated LPS injections. Thus, targeting NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in the hippocampus may be promising for the prevention and treatment of this long-term memory decline.
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15
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Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Russell AE, Povroznik JM, McDonald KO, Porter KN, Wang DS, Hammock J, Billig BK, Felton CC, Yilmaz A, Schreurs BG, O'Callaghan JD, Zwezdaryk KJ, Simpkins JW. Intermittent systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation disrupts hippocampal long-term potentiation and impairs cognition in aging male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:279-291. [PMID: 36549577 PMCID: PMC10019559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline, a common component of the brain aging process, is associated with significant impairment in daily functioning and quality of life among geriatric adults. While the complexity of mechanisms underlying cognitive aging are still being elucidated, microbial exposure and the multifactorial inflammatory cascades associated with systemic infections are emerging as potential drivers of neurological senescence. The negative cognitive and neurobiological consequences of a single pathogen-associated inflammatory experience, such as that modeled through treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are well documented. Yet, the brain aging impacts of repeated, intermittent inflammatory challenges are less well studied. To extend the emerging literature assessing the impact of infection burden on cognitive function among normally aging mice, here, we repeatedly exposed adult mice to intermittent LPS challenges during the aging period. Male 10-month-old C57BL6 mice were systemically administered escalating doses of LPS once every two weeks for 2.5 months. We evaluated cognitive consequences using the non-spatial step-through inhibitory avoidance task, and both spatial working and reference memory versions of the Morris water maze. We also probed several potential mechanisms, including cortical and hippocampal cytokine/chemokine gene expression, as well as hippocampal neuronal function via extracellular field potential recordings. Though there was limited evidence for an ongoing inflammatory state in cortex and hippocampus, we observed impaired learning and memory and a disruption of hippocampal long-term potentiation. These data suggest that a history of intermittent exposure to LPS-induced inflammation is associated with subtle but significantly impaired cognition among normally aging mice. The broader impact of these findings may have important implications for standard of care involving infections in aging individuals or populations at-risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - A E Russell
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Biology, School of Science, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, USA; Magee Women's Research Institute, Allied Member, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J M Povroznik
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - K O McDonald
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA
| | - K N Porter
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - D S Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - J Hammock
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - B K Billig
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - C C Felton
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - A Yilmaz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - B G Schreurs
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - J D O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - K J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70114, USA
| | - J W Simpkins
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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16
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Consoli DC, Spitznagel BD, Owen BM, Kang H, Williams Roberson S, Pandharipande P, Wesley Ely E, Nobis WP, Bastarache JA, Harrison FE. Altered EEG, disrupted hippocampal long-term potentiation and neurobehavioral deficits implicate a delirium-like state in a mouse model of sepsis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:165-178. [PMID: 36243287 PMCID: PMC10010333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and systemic inflammation are often accompanied by severe encephalopathy, sleep disruption and delirium that strongly correlate with poor clinical outcomes including long-term cognitive deficits. The cardinal manifestations of delirium are fluctuating altered mental status and inattention, identified in critically ill patients by interactive bedside assessment. The lack of analogous assessments in mouse models or clear biomarkers is a challenge to preclinical studies of delirium. In this study, we utilized concurrent measures of telemetric EEG recordings and neurobehavioral tasks in mice to characterize inattention and persistent cognitive deficits following polymicrobial sepsis. During the 24-hour critical illness period for the mice, slow-wave EEG dominance, sleep disruption, and hypersensitivity to auditory stimuli in neurobehavioral tasks resembled clinical observations in delirious patients in which alterations in similar outcome measurements, although measured differently in mice and humans, are reported. Mice were tested for nest building ability 7 days after sepsis induction, when sickness behaviors and spontaneous activity had returned to baseline. Animals that showed persistent deficits determined by poor nest building at 7 days also exhibited molecular changes in hippocampal long-term potentiation compared to mice that returned to baseline cognitive performance. Together, these behavioral and electrophysiological biomarkers offer a robust mouse model with which to further probe molecular pathways underlying brain and behavioral changes during and after acute illness such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Consoli
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M Owen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | - E Wesley Ely
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William P Nobis
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 MRB4, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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17
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Stopschinski BE, Weideman RA, McMahan D, Jacob DA, Little BB, Chiang HS, Saez Calveras N, Stuve O. Microglia as a cellular target of diclofenac therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231156674. [PMID: 36875711 PMCID: PMC9974624 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231156674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an untreatable cause of dementia, and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. AD pathology is defined by extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Research of the past decades has suggested that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD. This has led to the idea that anti-inflammatory treatments might be beneficial. Early studies investigated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as indomethacin, celecoxib, ibuprofen, and naproxen, which had no benefit. More recently, protective effects of diclofenac and NSAIDs in the fenamate group have been reported. Diclofenac decreased the frequency of AD significantly compared to other NSAIDs in a large retrospective cohort study. Diclofenac and fenamates share similar chemical structures, and evidence from cell and mouse models suggests that they inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from microglia with leads to the reduction of AD pathology. Here, we review the potential role of diclofenac and NSAIDs in the fenamate group for targeting AD pathology with a focus on its potential effects on microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Stopschinski
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Danni McMahan
- Pharmacy Service, Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David A Jacob
- Veterans Integrated Service Network 17, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Bertis B Little
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Chiang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nil Saez Calveras
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Neurology Section, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhang M. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome-mediated neuronal plasticity in the central nervous system contributes to neurocognitive complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2154857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Tang C, Jin Y, Wang H. The biological alterations of synapse/synapse formation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:1054605. [PMID: 36530954 PMCID: PMC9755596 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1054605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication caused by sepsis, and is responsible for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Neurological dysfunction is one of the main manifestations of SAE patients. Patients may still have long-term cognitive impairment after hospital discharge, and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we first outline the pathophysiological changes of SAE, including neuroinflammation, glial activation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Synapse dysfunction is one of the main contributors leading to neurological impairment. Therefore, we summarized SAE-induced synaptic dysfunction, such as synaptic plasticity inhibition, neurotransmitter imbalance, and synapses loss. Finally, we discuss the alterations in the synapse, synapse formation, and mediators associated with synapse formation during SAE. In this review, we focus on the changes in synapse/synapse formation caused by SAE, which can further understand the synaptic dysfunction associated with neurological impairment in SAE and provide important insights for exploring appropriate therapeutic targets of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huan Wang
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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20
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Lonnemann N, Hosseini S, Ohm M, Geffers R, Hiller K, Dinarello CA, Korte M. IL-37 expression reduces acute and chronic neuroinflammation and rescues cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. eLife 2022; 11:75889. [PMID: 36040311 PMCID: PMC9481244 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) belongs to the IL-1 family but is not expressed in mice. We used a human IL-37 (hIL-37tg) expressing mouse, which has been subjected to various models of local and systemic inflammation as well as immunological challenges. Previous studies reveal an immunomodulatory role of IL-37, which can be characterized as an important suppressor of innate immunity. Here, we examined the functions of IL-37 in the central nervous system and explored the effects of IL-37 on neuronal architecture and function, microglial phenotype, cytokine production and behavior after inflammatory challenge by intraperitoneal LPS-injection. In wild-type mice, decreased spine density, activated microglial phenotype and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) were observed after LPS injection, whereas hIL-37tg mice showed no impairment. In addition, we crossed the hIL-37tg mouse with an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-37 under chronic neuroinflammatory conditions. Our results show that expression of IL-37 is able to limit inflammation in the brain after acute inflammatory events and prevent loss of cognitive abilities in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lonnemann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie Ohm
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health, Aurora, United States
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Gong T, Chen Q, Mao H, Zhang Y, Ren H, Xu M, Chen H, Yang D. Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis trigger NLRP3 inflammasome and induce neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and memory dysfunction in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:925435. [PMID: 36017373 PMCID: PMC9397999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.925435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is reported to initiate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies in preclinical studies. However, the specific mechanisms and signaling pathways acting on the brain still need to be further explored. Outer membrane vesicles are derived from Gram-negative bacteria and contain many virulence factors of bacteria. We hypothesized that outer membrane vesicles are an important weapon of Porphyromonas gingivalis to initiate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies.MethodsThe outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg OMVs, 4 mg/kg) or saline were delivered to 14-month-old mice by oral gavage every other day for eight weeks. Behavioral alterations were assessed by the open field test, Morris water maze, and Y-maze test. Blood–brain barrier permeability, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein were analyzed.ResultsPg OMVs impaired memory and learning ability of mice and decreased tight junction–related gene expression ZO-1, occludin, claudin-5, and occludin protein expression in the hippocampus. Pg OMVs could be detected in the hippocampus and cortex three days after oral gavage. Furthermore, Pg OMVs activated both astrocytes and microglia and elevated IL-1β, tau phosphorylation on the Thr231 site, and NLRP3 inflammasome–related protein expression in the hippocampus. In in vitro studies, Pg OMV (5 µg/ml) stimulation increased the mRNA and immunofluorescence of NLRP3 in BV2 microglia, which were significantly inhibited by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. In contrast, the tau phosphorylation in N2a neurons was enhanced after treatment with conditioned media from Pg OMV-stimulated microglia, which was attenuated after pretreatment with MCC950.ConclusionsThese results indicate that Pg OMVs prompt memory dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and tau phosphorylation and trigger NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain of middle-aged mice. We propose that Pg OMVs play an important role in activating neuroinflammation in the AD-like pathology triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongchen Mao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Deqin Yang,
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Abstract
Systemic inflammation elicited by sepsis can induce an acute cerebral dysfunction known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Recent evidence suggests that SAE is common but shows a dynamic trajectory over time. Half of all patients with sepsis develop SAE in the intensive care unit, and some survivors present with sustained cognitive impairments for several years after initial sepsis onset. It is not clear why some, but not all, patients develop SAE and also the factors that determine the persistence of SAE. Here, we first summarize the chronic pathology and the dynamic changes in cognitive functions seen after the onset of sepsis. We then outline the cerebral effects of sepsis, such as neuroinflammation, alterations in neuronal synapses and neurovascular changes. We discuss the key factors that might contribute to the development and persistence of SAE in older patients, including premorbid neurodegenerative pathology, side effects of sedatives, renal dysfunction and latent virus reactivation. Finally, we postulate that some of the mechanisms that underpin neuropathology in SAE may also be relevant to delirium and persisting cognitive impairments that are seen in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Manabe
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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23
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Li Y, Ji M, Yang J. Current Understanding of Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855006. [PMID: 35603184 PMCID: PMC9120941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is recognized as a life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Although the incidence and mortality of sepsis decrease significantly due to timely implementation of anti-infective and support therapies, accumulating evidence suggests that a great proportion of survivors suffer from long-term cognitive impairment after hospital discharge, leading to decreased life quality and substantial caregiving burdens for family members. Several mechanisms have been proposed for long-term cognitive impairment after sepsis, which are not mutually exclusive, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and neuronal loss. Targeting these critical processes might be effective in preventing and treating long-term cognitive impairment. However, future in-depth studies are required to facilitate preventive and/or treatment strategies for long-term cognitive impairment after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangyin Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin, China
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Merighi S, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pasquini S, Borea PA, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Gessi S. A 2A Adenosine Receptor: A Possible Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095056. [PMID: 35563447 PMCID: PMC9101264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The A2A adenosine receptor, a member of the P1 purinergic receptor family, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It regulates both neurons and glial cells, thus modulating synaptic transmission and neuroinflammation. AD is a complex, progressive neurological condition that is the leading cause of dementia in the world’s old population (>65 years of age). Amyloid peptide-β extracellular accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles constitute the principal etiologic tracts, resulting in apoptosis, brain shrinkage, and neuroinflammation. Interestingly, a growing body of evidence suggests a role of NLRP3 inflammasome as a target to treat neurodegenerative diseases. It represents a tripartite multiprotein complex including NLRP3, ASC, and procaspase-1. Its activation requires two steps that lead with IL-1β and IL-18 release through caspase-1 activation. NLRP3 inhibition provides neuroprotection, and in recent years adenosine, through the A2A receptor, has been reported to modulate NLRP3 functions to reduce organ damage. In this review, we describe the role of NLRP3 in AD pathogenesis, both alone and in connection to A2A receptor regulation, in order to highlight a novel approach to address treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Xie J, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796867. [PMID: 35069578 PMCID: PMC8770958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating age-related neurodegenerative disorder with an alarming increasing prevalence. Except for the recently FDA-approved Aducanumab of which the therapeutic effect is not yet conclusively proven, only symptomatic medication that is effective for some AD patients is available. In order to be able to design more rational and effective treatments, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis and progression of AD urgently needs to be improved. Over the last years, it became increasingly clear that peripheral inflammation is one of the detrimental factors that can contribute to the disease. Here, we discuss the current understanding of how systemic and intestinal (referred to as the gut-brain axis) inflammatory processes may affect brain pathology, with a specific focus on AD. Moreover, we give a comprehensive overview of the different preclinical as well as clinical studies that link peripheral Inflammation to AD initiation and progression. Altogether, this review broadens our understanding of the mechanisms behind AD pathology and may help in the rational design of further research aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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NLRP3 Inflammasome in Vascular Disease: A Recurrent Villain to Combat Pharmacologically. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020269. [PMID: 35204152 PMCID: PMC8868353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great advances in medicine, mortality from cardiovascular diseases keeps on growing. This tendency is not likely to change considering the pandemic proportions of obesity and diabetes. Besides, the global population is more aged as life expectancy increases, and vascular aging plays a key role in the increased risk of vascular disease. In light of recent trials, namely the CANTOS study, showing the enormous potential of anti-inflammatory therapies and in particular those targeted to IL-1β, a change in therapeutical management of cardiovascular diseases is coming about. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that assembles to engage the innate immune defense by processing the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Substantial evidence has positioned the NLRP3 inflammasome at the center of vascular disease progression, with a particular significance in the context of aging and the low-grade chronic inflammation associated (inflammaging). Therefore, pharmacological blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its end products has arisen as an extremely promising tool to battle vascular disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to vascular disease, with particular attention to the consequences of aging, and we enumerate the therapeutic options available to combat this recurrent villain.
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27
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An Epigenetic Insight into NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Inflammation-Related Processes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111614. [PMID: 34829842 PMCID: PMC8615487 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome activation in innate immune cells, triggered by diverse cellular danger signals, leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) and cell death by pyroptosis. These processes are involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases such as autoimmune, neurodegenerative, renal, metabolic, vascular diseases and cancer, and during physiological processes such as aging. Epigenetic dynamics mediated by changes in DNA methylation patterns, chromatin assembly and non-coding RNA expression are key regulators of the expression of inflammasome components and its further activation. Here, we review the role of the epigenome in the expression, assembly, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, providing a critical overview of its involvement in the disease and discussing how targeting these mechanisms by epigenetic treatments could be a useful strategy for controlling NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
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28
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Feng X, Zhan F, Luo D, Hu J, Wei G, Hua F, Xu G. LncRNA 4344 promotes NLRP3-related neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by targeting miR-138-5p. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:283-298. [PMID: 34455059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment is a common neurological disease of which NLRP3-related neuroinflammation has been demonstrated to be an essential mediator. Previous studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical for the development of neurological disorders. However, the roles and functions of lncRNA 4344 in neuroinflammation during cognitive impairment are unknown and need to be further elucidated. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat cognitive impairment and rat microglia (RM) cell inflammation models were established in vitro and in vivo. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive behavior of the rats. Gene expression was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or western blot analysis. The targeting relationship between lncRNA 4344, miR-138-5p, and NLRP3 was identified using bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Hematoxylin-Eosin and Nissl stainings, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, or immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to detect pathological changes, neuronal apoptosis, or positive cells in hippocampal tissues, respectively. RESULTS The expression levels of lncRNA 4344 and NLRP3 were upregulated in the hippocampal tissues of LPS-treated rats and RM cells, and showed a strong positive correlation between each other. LncRNA 4344 overexpression further enhanced the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream genes (caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18), as well as neuronal apoptosis in LPS-stimulated RM cells, whereas lncRNA 4344 silencing attenuated the inflammatory injuries. Moreover, miR-138-5p was the direct target of lncRNA 4344 and was downregulated in the RM cell inflammation model. We also found that miR-138-5p directly reduced the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream genes. Subsequently, the results of the animal experiments showed that the lncRNA 4344/miR-138-5p/NLRP3 axis plays an essential role in regulating the cognitive behavior, pathological changes and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, expression of inflammation-related factors (NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18), and microglial activation in LPS-induced cognitive impairment rats. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated for the first time that lncRNA 4344 regulates NLRP3-related neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by targeting miR-138-5p, providing a possible target for the treatment of diseases characterized by a cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fenfang Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deqiang Luo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Guohai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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29
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Manabe T, Rácz I, Schwartz S, Oberle L, Santarelli F, Emmrich JV, Neher JJ, Heneka MT. Systemic inflammation induced the delayed reduction of excitatory synapses in the CA3 during ageing. J Neurochem 2021; 159:525-542. [PMID: 34379806 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) represents diverse cerebral dysfunctions in response to pathogen-induced systemic inflammation. Peripheral exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, has been extensively used to model systemic inflammation. Our previous studies suggested that LPS led to hippocampal neuron death and synaptic destruction in vivo. However, the underlying roles of activated microglia in these neuronal changes remained unclear. Here, LPS from two different bacterial strains (Salmonella enterica or E. coli) were compared and injected in 14- to 16-month-old mice and evaluated for neuroinflammation and neuronal integrity in the hippocampus at 7 or 63 days post-injection (dpi). LPS injection resulted in persistent neuroinflammation lasting for seven days and a subsequent normalisation by 63 dpi. Of note, increases in proinflammatory cytokines, microglial morphology and microglial mean lysosome volume were more pronounced after E. coli LPS injection than Salmonella LPS at 7 dpi. While inhibitory synaptic puncta density remained normal, excitatory synaptic puncta were locally reduced in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 63 dpi. Finally, we provide evidence that excitatory synapses coated with complement factor 3 (C3) decreased between 7 dpi and 63 dpi. Although we did not find an increase of synaptic pruning by microglia, it is plausible that microglia recognised and eliminated these C3-tagged synapses between the two time-points of investigation. Since a region-specific decline of CA3 synapses has previously been reported during normal ageing, we postulate that systemic inflammation may have accelerated or worsened the CA3 synaptic changes in the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Manabe
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ildikó Rácz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Oberle
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Julius V Emmrich
- Department of Neurology and Department of Experimental Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
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Inflammasomes as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:247. [PMID: 34210954 PMCID: PMC8249422 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes of the innate immune system that initiate inflammation in response to either exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals. Inflammasome multiprotein complexes are composed of three parts: a sensor protein, an adaptor, and pro-caspase-1. Activation of the inflammasome leads to the activation of caspase-1, which cleaves pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Effectors of the inflammasome not only provide protection against infectious pathogens, but also mediate control over sterile insults. Aberrant inflammasome signaling has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the role of the inflammasome as a double-edged sword in various diseases, and the outcomes can be either good or bad depending on the disease, as well as the genetic background. We highlight inflammasome memory and the two-shot activation process. We also propose the M- and N-type inflammation model, and discuss how the inflammasome pathway may be targeted for the development of novel therapy.
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31
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Corcoran SE, Halai R, Cooper MA. Pharmacological Inhibition of the Nod-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome with MCC950. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:968-1000. [PMID: 34117094 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome drives release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and induces pyroptosis (lytic cell death). These events drive chronic inflammation, and as such, NLRP3 has been implicated in a large number of human diseases. These range from autoimmune conditions, the simplest of which is NLRP3 gain-of-function mutations leading to an orphan disease, cryopyrin-associated period syndrome, to large disease burden indications, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, asthma, ulcerative colitis, and arthritis. The potential clinical utility of NLRP3 inhibitors is substantiated by an expanding list of indications in which NLRP3 activation has been shown to play a detrimental role. Studies of pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in nonclinical models of disease using MCC950 in combination with human genetics, epigenetics, and analyses of the efficacy of biologic inhibitors of IL-1β, such as anakinra and canakinumab, can help to prioritize clinical trials of NLRP3-directed therapeutics. Although MCC950 shows excellent (nanomolar) potency and high target selectivity, its pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic properties limited its therapeutic development in the clinic. Several improved, next-generation inhibitors are now in clinical trials. Hence the body of research in a plethora of conditions reviewed herein may inform analysis of the potential translational value of NLRP3 inhibition in diseases with significant unmet medical need. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the most widely studied and best validated biological targets in innate immunity. Activation of NLRP3 can be inhibited with MCC950, resulting in efficacy in more than 100 nonclinical models of inflammatory diseases. As several next-generation NLRP3 inhibitors are entering proof-of-concept clinical trials in 2020, a review of the pharmacology of MCC950 is timely and significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Corcoran
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (S.E.C.); Inflazome, D6 Grain House, Mill Court, Great Shelford, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.H., M.A.C.); and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia (M.A.C.)
| | - Reena Halai
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (S.E.C.); Inflazome, D6 Grain House, Mill Court, Great Shelford, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.H., M.A.C.); and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia (M.A.C.)
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (S.E.C.); Inflazome, D6 Grain House, Mill Court, Great Shelford, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.H., M.A.C.); and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia (M.A.C.)
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32
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Holbrook JA, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Caseley E, Lara-Reyna S, Poulter JA, Williams-Gray CH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643254. [PMID: 33776778 PMCID: PMC7987926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased significantly in recent years, and with a rapidly aging global population, this trend is expected to continue. These diseases are characterised by a progressive neuronal loss in the brain or peripheral nervous system, and generally involve protein aggregation, as well as metabolic abnormalities and immune dysregulation. Although the vast majority of neurodegeneration is idiopathic, there are many known genetic and environmental triggers. In the past decade, research exploring low-grade systemic inflammation and its impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease has increased. A particular research focus has been whether systemic inflammation arises only as a secondary effect of disease or is also a cause of pathology. The inflammasomes, and more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system, is usually activated in response to infection or tissue damage. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. This review aims to summarise current literature on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and recent work investigating NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition as a potential future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Holbrook
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heledd H. Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Caseley
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Poulter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Centre for Cystic Fibrosis, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Fu H, Wu Y, Nie B, Liu F, Wang T, Xiao W, Yang S, Kan M, Fan L. Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Functional Connectivity in Hippocampus and Other Related Regions Following Prolonged Neuroinflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:600484. [PMID: 33732135 PMCID: PMC7956963 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a major cause for neurocognitive diseases. Although the hippocampus has been considered an important region for cognitive dysfunction, the influence of hippocampal neuroinflammation on brain functional connectivity (FC) has been rarely studied. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in the aged rat brain, while elamipretide (SS-31) was used for treatment. Systemic and hippocampal inflammation were determined using ELISA, while astrocyte responses during hippocampal neuroinflammation were determined by interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) double staining immunofluorescence. Oxidative stress was determined by reactive oxidative species (ROS), electron transport chain (ETC) complex, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Short- (<7 days) and long-term (>30 days) learning and spatial working memory were tested by the Morris water maze (MWM). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to analyze the brain FC by placing seed voxels on the left and right hippocampus. Compared with the vehicle group, rats with the LPS exposure showed an impaired MWM performance, higher oxidative stress, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. The neuroimaging examination showed decreased FC on the right orbital cortex, right olfactory bulb, and left hippocampus on day 3, 7, and 31, respectively, after treatment. In contrast, rats with SS-31 treatment showed lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, less astrocyte activation in the hippocampus, and improved MWM performance. Neuroimaging examination showed increased FC on the left-parietal association cortex (L-PAC), left sensory cortex, and left motor cortex on day 7 with the right flocculonodular lobe on day 31 as compared with those without SS-31 treatment. Our study demonstrated that inhibiting neuroinflammation in the hippocampus not only reduces inflammatory responses in the hippocampus but also improves the brain FC in regions related to the hippocampus. Furthermore, early anti-inflammatory treatment with SS-31 has a long-lasting effect on reducing the impact of LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Institue of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minhui Kan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) with Focus on Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249357. [PMID: 33302545 PMCID: PMC7764580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to diseases relies on the identification of key molecular targets involved in amplifying disease processes. One such molecule is thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also designated thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2), a member of the α-arrestin family of proteins and a central regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, involved in diabetes-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. TXNIP sequesters reduced thioredoxin (TRX), inhibiting its function, resulting in increased oxidative stress. Many different cellular stress factors regulate TXNIP expression, including high glucose, endoplasmic reticulum stress, free radicals, hypoxia, nitric oxide, insulin, and adenosine-containing molecules. TXNIP is also directly involved in inflammatory activation through its interaction with the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease have significant pathologies associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunctions. In addition, as dysfunctions in glucose and cellular metabolism have been associated with such brain diseases, a role for TXNIP in neurodegeneration has actively been investigated. In this review, we will focus on the current state of the understanding of possible normal and pathological functions of TXNIP in the central nervous system from studies of in vitro neural cells and the brains of humans and experimental animals with reference to other studies. As TXNIP can be expressed by neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, a complex pattern of regulation and function in the brain is suggested. We will examine data suggesting TXNIP as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases where further research is needed.
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