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Li Y, Lee SH, Yu C, Hsu LM, Wang TWW, Do K, Kim HJ, Shih YYI, Grill WM. Optogenetic fMRI reveals therapeutic circuits of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:S1935-861X(24)00137-2. [PMID: 39096961 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
While deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely employed for managing motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), its exact circuit mechanisms remain controversial. To identify the neural targets affected by therapeutic DBS in PD, we analyzed DBS-evoked whole brain activity in female hemi-parkinsonian rats using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We delivered subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS at various stimulation pulse repetition rates using optogenetics, allowing unbiased examination of cell-type specific STN feedforward neural activity. Unilateral optogenetic STN DBS elicited pulse repetition rate-dependent alterations of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in SNr (substantia nigra pars reticulata), GP (globus pallidus), and CPu (caudate putamen). Notably, this modulation effectively ameliorated pathological circling behavior in animals expressing the kinetically faster Chronos opsin, but not in animals expressing ChR2. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that the pulse repetition rate-dependent behavioral rescue was significantly mediated by optogenetic DBS induced activity changes in GP and CPu, but not in SNr. This suggests that the activation of GP and CPu are critically involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of STN DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Li-Ming Hsu
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tzu-Wen W Wang
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Khoa Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
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2
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Saleem KS, Avram AV, Glen D, Schram V, Basser PJ. The Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset ("SAM") monkey based on high-resolution MRI and histology. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae120. [PMID: 38647221 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive three-dimensional digital brain atlas of cortical and subcortical regions based on MRI and histology has a broad array of applications in anatomical, functional, and clinical studies. We first generated a Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset, called the "SAM," from 251 delineated subcortical regions (e.g. thalamic subregions, etc.) derived from high-resolution Mean Apparent Propagator-MRI, T2W, and magnetization transfer ratio images ex vivo. We then confirmed the location and borders of these segmented regions in the MRI data using matched histological sections with multiple stains obtained from the same specimen. Finally, we estimated and confirmed the atlas-based areal boundaries of subcortical regions by registering this ex vivo atlas template to in vivo T1- or T2W MRI datasets of different age groups (single vs. multisubject population-based marmoset control adults) using a novel pipeline developed within Analysis of Functional NeuroImages software. Tracing and validating these important deep brain structures in 3D will improve neurosurgical planning, anatomical tract tracer injections, navigation of deep brain stimulation probes, functional MRI and brain connectivity studies, and our understanding of brain structure-function relationships. This new ex vivo template and atlas are available as volumes in standard NIFTI and GIFTI file formats and are intended for use as a reference standard for marmoset brain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Health (NIH), 13, South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
- Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (MTBI2), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Alexandru V Avram
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Health (NIH), 13, South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Daniel Glen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Vincent Schram
- Microscopy and Imaging Core (MIC), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Peter J Basser
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Health (NIH), 13, South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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3
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Onder H, Kertmen H, Comoglu SS. Reversible Micrographia in Association with STN-DBS Therapy in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2024; 27:205-207. [PMID: 38751934 PMCID: PMC11093164 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_868_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Onder
- Neurology Clinic, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Li Y, Lee SH, Yu C, Hsu LM, Wang TWW, Do K, Kim HJ, Shih YYI, Grill WM. Optogenetic fMRI reveals therapeutic circuits of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.22.581627. [PMID: 38464010 PMCID: PMC10925223 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.22.581627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
While deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely employed for managing motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), its exact circuit mechanisms remain controversial. To identify the neural targets affected by therapeutic DBS in PD, we analyzed DBS-evoked whole brain activity in female hemi-parkinsonian rats using function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We delivered subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS at various stimulation pulse repetition rates using optogenetics, allowing unbiased examinations of cell-type specific STN feed-forward neural activity. Unilateral STN optogenetic stimulation elicited pulse repetition rate-dependent alterations of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in SNr (substantia nigra pars reticulata), GP (globus pallidus), and CPu (caudate putamen). Notably, these manipulations effectively ameliorated pathological circling behavior in animals expressing the kinetically faster Chronos opsin, but not in animals expressing ChR2. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that the pulse repetition rate-dependent behavioral rescue was significantly mediated by optogenetically induced activity changes in GP and CPu, but not in SNr. This suggests that the activation of GP and CPu are critically involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of STN DBS.
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5
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Saleem KS, Avram AV, Glen D, Schram V, Basser PJ. The Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset ("SAM") monkey based on high-resolution MRI and histology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.06.574429. [PMID: 38260391 PMCID: PMC10802408 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.06.574429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive three-dimensional digital brain atlas of cortical and subcortical regions based on MRI and histology has a broad array of applications for anatomical, functional, and clinical studies. We first generated a Subcortical Atlas of the Marmoset, called the "SAM," from 251 delineated subcortical regions (e.g., thalamic subregions, etc.) derived from the high-resolution MAP-MRI, T2W, and MTR images ex vivo. We then confirmed the location and borders of these segmented regions in MRI data using matched histological sections with multiple stains obtained from the same specimen. Finally, we estimated and confirmed the atlas-based areal boundaries of subcortical regions by registering this ex vivo atlas template to in vivo T1- or T2W MRI datasets of different age groups (single vs. multisubject population-based marmoset control adults) using a novel pipeline developed within AFNI. Tracing and validating these important deep brain structures in 3D improves neurosurgical planning, anatomical tract tracer injections, navigation of deep brain stimulation probes, fMRI and brain connectivity studies, and our understanding of brain structure-function relationships. This new ex vivo template and atlas are available as volumes in standard NIFTI and GIFTI file formats and are intended for use as a reference standard for marmoset brain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadharbatcha S Saleem
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (MTBI), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Alexandru V Avram
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel Glen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
| | - Vincent Schram
- Microscopy and Imaging Core (MIC), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Peter J Basser
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences (SQITS), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Bove F, Angeloni B, Sanginario P, Rossini PM, Calabresi P, Di Iorio R. Neuroplasticity in levodopa-induced dyskinesias: An overview on pathophysiology and therapeutic targets. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 232:102548. [PMID: 38040324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a common complication in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A complex cascade of electrophysiological and molecular events that induce aberrant plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of LIDs. In the striatum, multiple neurotransmitters regulate the different forms of physiological synaptic plasticity to provide it in a bidirectional and Hebbian manner. In PD, impairment of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) progresses with disease and dopaminergic denervation of striatum. The altered balance between LTP and LTD processes leads to unidirectional changes in plasticity that cause network dysregulation and the development of involuntary movements. These alterations have been documented, in both experimental models and PD patients, not only in deep brain structures but also at motor cortex. Invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation treatments, as deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or transcranial direct current stimulation, may provide strategies to modulate the aberrant plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia network of patients affected by LIDs, thus restoring normal neurophysiological functioning and treating dyskinesias. In this review, we discuss the evidence for neuroplasticity impairment in experimental PD models and in patients affected by LIDs, and potential neuromodulation strategies that may modulate aberrant plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bove
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Angeloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sanginario
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Iorio
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Fan JP, Zhang X, Han Y, Ji Y, Gu WX, Wu HC, Zhou C, Xiao C. Subthalamic neurons interact with nigral dopaminergic neurons to regulate movement in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13917. [PMID: 36598331 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to address the role of the interaction between subthalamic (STN) neurons and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons in movement control. METHODS Fiber photometry and optogenetic/chemogenetic techniques were utilized to monitor and manipulate neuronal activity, respectively. Locomotion in mice was recorded in an open field arena and on a head-fixed apparatus. A hemiparkinsonian mouse model was established by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA in the medial forebrain bundle. Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were applied to record electrophysiological signals in STN neurons and SNc DA neurons. c-Fos-immunostaining was used to label activated neurons. A rabies virus-based retrograde tracing system was used to visualize STN neurons projecting to SNc DA neurons. RESULTS The activity of STN neurons was enhanced upon locomotion in an open field arena and on a head-fixed apparatus, and the enhancement was significantly attenuated in parkinsonian mice. Optogenetic stimulation of STN neurons enhanced locomotion, increased activity of SNc DA neurons, meanwhile, reduced latency to movement initiation. Combining optogenetics with patch-clamp recordings, we confirmed that STN neurons innervated SNc DA neurons through glutamatergic monosynaptic connections. Moreover, STN neurons projecting to SNc DA neurons were evenly distributed in the STN. Either 6-OHDA-lesion or chemogenetic inhibition of SNc DA neurons attenuated the enhancement of locomotion by STN stimulation. CONCLUSION SNc DA neurons not only affect the response of STN neurons to movement, but also contribute to the enhancement of movement by STN stimulation. This study demonstrates the role of STN-SNc interaction in movement control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Peng Fan
- School of basic medical sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Ji
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xin Gu
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Wu
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Avecillas-Chasin JM. Letter to the Editor. Dopaminergic transmission as the mechanism of action of STN-DBS. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:295-296. [PMID: 36115052 DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.jns221572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Alosaimi F, Boonstra JT, Tan S, Temel Y, Jahanshahi A. The role of neurotransmitter systems in mediating deep brain stimulation effects in Parkinson’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:998932. [PMID: 36278000 PMCID: PMC9579467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.998932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is among the most successful paradigms in both translational and reverse translational neuroscience. DBS has developed into a standard treatment for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) in recent decades, however, specific mechanisms behind DBS’s efficacy and side effects remain unrevealed. Several hypotheses have been proposed, including neuronal firing rate and pattern theories that emphasize the impact of DBS on local circuitry but detail distant electrophysiological readouts to a lesser extent. Furthermore, ample preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DBS influences neurotransmitter dynamics in PD, particularly the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS on striatal dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems; pallidum DBS on striatal dopaminergic and GABAergic systems; pedunculopontine nucleus DBS on cholinergic systems; and STN-DBS on locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system. DBS has additionally been associated with mood-related side effects within brainstem serotoninergic systems in response to STN-DBS. Still, addressing the mechanisms of DBS on neurotransmitters’ dynamics is commonly overlooked due to its practical difficulties in monitoring real-time changes in remote areas. Given that electrical stimulation alters neurotransmitter release in local and remote regions, it eventually exhibits changes in specific neuronal functions. Consequently, such changes lead to further modulation, synthesis, and release of neurotransmitters. This narrative review discusses the main neurotransmitter dynamics in PD and their role in mediating DBS effects from preclinical and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alosaimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Faisal Alosaimi,
| | - Jackson Tyler Boonstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sonny Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Ali Jahanshahi,
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Nozaki T, Sugiyama K, Asakawa T, Namba H, Yokokura M, Terada T, Bunai T, Ouchi Y. Increased anteroventral striatal dopamine transporter and motor recovery after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:468-478. [PMID: 34972089 DOI: 10.3171/2021.10.jns211364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease is effective; however, its mechanism is unclear. To investigate the degree of neuronal terminal survival after STN-DBS, the authors examined the striatal dopamine transporter levels before and after treatment in association with clinical improvement using PET with [11C]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([11C]CFT). METHODS Ten patients with Parkinson's disease who had undergone bilateral STN-DBS were scanned twice with [11C]CFT PET just before and 1 year after surgery. Correlation analysis was conducted between [11C]CFT binding and off-period Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS [11C]CFT uptake reduced significantly in the posterodorsal putamen contralateral to the parkinsonism-dominant side after 1 year; however, an increase was noted in the contralateral anteroventral putamen and ipsilateral ventral caudate postoperatively (p < 0.05). The percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding was inversely correlated with the preoperative binding level in the bilateral anteroventral putamen, ipsilateral ventral caudate, contralateral anterodorsal putamen, contralateral posteroventral putamen, and contralateral nucleus accumbens. The percentage reduction in UPDRS-II score was significantly correlated with the percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding in the ipsilateral anteroventral putamen (p < 0.05). The percentage reduction in UPDRS-III score was significantly correlated with the percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding in the ipsilateral anteroventral putamen, ventral caudate, and nucleus accumbens (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS increases dopamine transporter levels in the anteroventral striatum, which is correlated with the motor recovery and possibly suggests the neuromodulatory effect of STN-DBS on dopaminergic terminals in Parkinson's disease patients. A preoperative level of anterior striatal dopamine transporter may predict reserve capacity of STN-DBS on motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Nozaki
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugiyama
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Toyoda Eisei Hospital, Iwata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- 3Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hiroki Namba
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, JA Shizuoka Kohseiren Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yokokura
- 5Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- 6Department of Neurology, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
- 9Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Bunai
- 7Department of Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- 9Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- 8Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan; and
- 9Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Todd KL, Lipski J, Freestone PS. The Subthalamic Nucleus Exclusively Evokes Dopamine Release in the Tail of the Striatum. J Neurochem 2022; 162:417-429. [PMID: 35869680 PMCID: PMC9541146 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A distinct population of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars lateralis (SNL) has a unique projection to the most caudolateral (tail) region of the striatum. Here, using two electrochemical techniques to measure basal dopamine and electrically evoked dopamine release in anesthetized rats, we characterized this pathway, and compared it with the ‘classic’ nigrostriatal pathway from neighboring substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons to the dorsolateral striatum. We found that the tail striatum constitutes a distinct dopamine domain compared with the dorsolateral striatum, with consistently lower basal and evoked dopamine, and diverse dopamine release kinetics. Importantly, electrical stimulation of the SNL and SNc evoked dopamine release in entirely separate striatal regions; the tail and dorsolateral striatum, respectively. Furthermore, we showed that stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) evoked dopamine release exclusively in the tail striatum, likely via the SNL, consistent with previous anatomical evidence of STN afferents to SNL dopamine neurons. Our work identifies the STN as an important modulator of dopamine release in a novel dopamine pathway to the tail striatum, largely independent of the classic nigrostriatal pathway, which necessitates a revision of the basal ganglia circuitry with the STN positioned as a central integrator of striatal information.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Todd
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Janusz Lipski
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Peter S. Freestone
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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12
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High-resolution mapping and digital atlas of subcortical regions in the macaque monkey based on matched MAP-MRI and histology. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118759. [PMID: 34838750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical nuclei and other deep brain structures are known to play an important role in the regulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It can be difficult to identify and delineate many of these nuclei and their finer subdivisions in conventional MRI due to their small size, buried location, and often subtle contrast compared to neighboring tissue. To address this problem, we applied a multi-modal approach in ex vivo non-human primate (NHP) brain that includes high-resolution mean apparent propagator (MAP)-MRI and five different histological stains imaged with high-resolution microscopy in the brain of the same subject. By registering these high-dimensional MRI data to high-resolution histology data, we can map the location, boundaries, subdivisions, and micro-architectural features of subcortical gray matter regions in the macaque monkey brain. At high spatial resolution, diffusion MRI in general, and MAP-MRI in particular, can distinguish a large number of deep brain structures, including the larger and smaller white matter fiber tracts as well as architectonic features within various nuclei. Correlation with histology from the same brain enables a thorough validation of the structures identified with MAP-MRI. Moreover, anatomical details that are evident in images of MAP-MRI parameters are not visible in conventional T1-weighted images. We also derived subcortical template "SC21" from segmented MRI slices in three-dimensions and registered this volume to a previously published anatomical template with cortical parcellation (Reveley et al., 2017; Saleem and Logothetis, 2012), thereby integrating the 3D segmentation of both cortical and subcortical regions into the same volume. This newly updated three-dimensional D99 digital brain atlas (V2.0) is intended for use as a reference standard for macaque neuroanatomical, functional, and connectional imaging studies, involving both cortical and subcortical targets. The SC21 and D99 digital templates are available as volumes and surfaces in standard NIFTI and GIFTI formats.
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Lucio Boschen S, Trevathan J, Hara SA, Asp A, Lujan JL. Defining a Path Toward the Use of Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry in Human Studies. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:728092. [PMID: 34867151 PMCID: PMC8633532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.728092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV) has been used for decades as a neurochemical tool for in vivo detection of phasic changes in electroactive neurotransmitters in animal models. Recently, multiple research groups have initiated human neurochemical studies using FSCV or demonstrated interest in bringing FSCV into clinical use. However, there remain technical challenges that limit clinical implementation of FSCV by creating barriers to appropriate scientific rigor and patient safety. In order to progress with clinical FSCV, these limitations must be first addressed through (1) appropriate pre-clinical studies to ensure accurate measurement of neurotransmitters and (2) the application of a risk management framework to assess patient safety. The intent of this work is to bring awareness of the current issues associated with FSCV to the scientific, engineering, and clinical communities and encourage them to seek solutions or alternatives that ensure data accuracy, rigor and reproducibility, and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Lucio Boschen
- Applied Computational Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - James Trevathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Seth A Hara
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anders Asp
- Applied Computational Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - J Luis Lujan
- Applied Computational Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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14
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Gibson WS, Rusheen AE, Oh Y, In MH, Gorny KR, Felmlee JP, Klassen BT, Jung SJ, Min HK, Lee KH, Jo HJ. Symptom-specific differential motor network modulation by deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosurg 2021; 135:1771-1779. [PMID: 33990083 PMCID: PMC10193504 DOI: 10.3171/2020.10.jns202277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established neurosurgical treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). While often highly effective, DBS does not always yield optimal therapeutic outcomes, and stimulation-induced adverse effects, including paresthesia, muscle contractions, and nausea/lightheadedness, commonly occur and can limit the efficacy of stimulation. Currently, objective metrics do not exist for monitoring neural changes associated with stimulation-induced therapeutic and adverse effects. METHODS In the present study, the authors combined intraoperative functional MRI (fMRI) with STN DBS in 20 patients with PD to test the hypothesis that stimulation-induced blood oxygen level-dependent signals contained predictive information concerning the therapeutic and adverse effects of stimulation. RESULTS As expected, DBS resulted in blood oxygen level-dependent activation in myriad motor regions, including the primary motor cortex, caudate, putamen, thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum. Across the patients, DBS-induced improvements in contralateral Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale tremor subscores correlated with activation of thalamic, brainstem, and cerebellar regions. In addition, improvements in rigidity and bradykinesia subscores correlated with activation of the primary motor cortex. Finally, activation of specific sensorimotor-related subregions correlated with the presence of DBS-induced adverse effects, including paresthesia and nausea (cerebellar cortex, sensorimotor cortex) and unwanted muscle contractions (caudate and putamen). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DBS-induced activation patterns revealed by fMRI contain predictive information with respect to the therapeutic and adverse effects of DBS. The use of fMRI in combination with DBS therefore may hold translational potential to guide and improve clinical stimulator optimization in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Gibson
- Departments of Neurologic Surgery
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and
| | - Aaron E. Rusheen
- Departments of Neurologic Surgery
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Departments of Neurologic Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
| | | | | | | | | | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hang Joon Jo
- Departments of Neurologic Surgery
- Radiology, and
- Neurology, and
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ni RJ, Shu YM, Li T, Zhou JN. Whole-Brain Afferent Inputs to the Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, and Accumbens Nucleus in the Tree Shrew Striatum. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:763298. [PMID: 34795566 PMCID: PMC8593333 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.763298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Day-active tree shrews have a well-developed internal capsule (ic) that clearly separates the caudate nucleus (Cd) and putamen (Pu). The striatum consists of the Cd, ic, Pu, and accumbens nucleus (Acb). Here, we characterized the cytoarchitecture of the striatum and the whole-brain inputs to the Cd, Pu, and Acb in tree shrews by using immunohistochemistry and the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG). Our data show the distribution patterns of parvalbumin (PV), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calretinin (CR), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the striatum of tree shrews, which were different from those observed in rats. The Cd and Pu mainly received inputs from the thalamus, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and other cortical and subcortical regions, whereas the Acb primarily received inputs from the anterior olfactory nucleus, claustrum, infralimbic cortex, thalamus, raphe nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and so on. The Cd, Pu, and Acb received inputs from different neuronal populations in the ipsilateral (60, 67, and 63 brain regions, respectively) and contralateral (23, 20, and 36 brain regions, respectively) brain hemispheres. Overall, we demonstrate that there are species differences between tree shrews and rats in the density of PV, NOS, CR, and TH immunoreactivity in the striatum. Additionally, we mapped for the first time the distribution of whole-brain input neurons projecting to the striatum of tree shrews with FG injected into the Cd, Pu, and Acb. The similarities and differences in their brain-wide input patterns may provide new insights into the diverse functions of the striatal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jun Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Mian Shu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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16
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Atkinson-Clement C, Cavazzini É, Zénon A, Legou T, Witjas T, Fluchère F, Azulay JP, Baunez C, Pinto S, Eusebio A. Subthalamic stimulation breaks the balance between distal and axial signs in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21810. [PMID: 34750479 PMCID: PMC8575789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the effects of both Ldopa and subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are known to change cost-valuation. However, this was mostly studied through reward-effort task involving distal movements, while axial effort, less responsive to treatments, have been barely studied. Thus, our objective was to compare the influence of both Ldopa and STN-DBS on cost-valuation between two efforts modalities: vowel production (as an example of axial movement) and hand squeezing (as an example of distal movement). Twelve PD patients were recruited to participate in this study. The task consisted in deciding whether to accept or reject trials based on a reward-effort trade-off. Participants performed two blocks with hand squeezing, and two with vowel production, in the four treatment conditions (LdopaOn/Off; STN-DBS On/Off). We found that STN-DBS changed the ratio difference between hand and phonation efforts. Vowel production effort was estimated easier to perform with STN-DBS alone, and harder when associated with Ldopa. The difference between hand and phonation efforts was correlated with quality of life in Off/Off and On Ldopa alone conditions, and with impulsive assessment On STN-DBS alone. We highlighted that STN-DBS could introduce an imbalance between the actual motor impairments and their subjective costs. With this finding, we also suggest paying particular attention to the different treatment effects that should be expected for axial and distal movement dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Atkinson-Clement
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière (DMU 6), Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Zénon
- INCIA, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Legou
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CRNS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Frédérique Fluchère
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Serge Pinto
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CRNS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
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17
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The rostro-caudal gradient in the prefrontal cortex and its modulation by subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2138. [PMID: 33483554 PMCID: PMC7822958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) alleviates motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but also affects the prefrontal cortex (PFC), potentially leading to cognitive side effects. The present study tested alterations within the rostro-caudal hierarchy of neural processing in the PFC induced by STN-DBS in PD. Granger-causality analyses of fast functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements were used to infer directed functional connectivity from intrinsic PFC activity in 24 PD patients treated with STN-DBS. Functional connectivity was assessed ON stimulation, in steady-state OFF stimulation and immediately after the stimulator was switched ON again. Results revealed that STN-DBS significantly enhanced the rostro-caudal hierarchical organization of the PFC in patients who had undergone implantation early in the course of the disease, whereas it attenuated the rostro-caudal hierarchy in late-implanted patients. Most crucially, this systematic network effect of STN-DBS was reproducible in the second ON stimulation measurement. Supplemental analyses demonstrated the significance of prefrontal networks for cognitive functions in patients and matched healthy controls. These findings show that the modulation of prefrontal functional networks by STN-DBS is dependent on the disease duration before DBS implantation and suggest a neurophysiological mechanism underlying the side effects on prefrontally-guided cognitive functions observed under STN-DBS.
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18
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Zhang J, Firestone E, Elattma A. Animal Models of Tinnitus Treatment: Cochlear and Brain Stimulation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 51:83-129. [PMID: 34282563 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation, via stimulation of a variety of peripheral and central structures, is used to suppress tinnitus. However, investigative limitations in humans due to ethical reasons have made it difficult to decipher the mechanisms underlying treatment-induced tinnitus relief, so a number of animal models have arisen to address these unknowns. This chapter reviews animal models of cochlear and brain stimulation and assesses their modulatory effects on behavioral evidence of tinnitus and its related neural correlates. When a structure is stimulated, localized modulation, often presenting as downregulation of spontaneous neuronal spike firing rate, bursting and neurosynchrony, occurs within the brain area. Through anatomical projections and transmitter pathways, the interventions activate both auditory- and non-auditory structures by taking bottom-up ascending and top-down descending modes to influence their target brain structures. Furthermore, it is the brain oscillations that cochlear or brain stimulation evoke and connect the prefrontal cortex, striatal systems, and other limbic structures to refresh neural networks and relieve auditory, attentive, conscious, as well as emotional reactive aspects of tinnitus. This oscillatory neural network connectivity is achieved via the thalamocorticothalamic circuitry including the lemniscal and non-lemniscal auditory brain structures. Beyond existing technologies, the review also reveals opportunities for developing advanced animal models using new modalities to achieve precision neuromodulation and tinnitus abatement, such as optogenetic cochlear and/or brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Elattma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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DiMarzio M, Madhavan R, Joel S, Hancu I, Fiveland E, Prusik J, Gillogly M, Rashid T, MacDonell J, Ashe J, Telkes I, Feustel P, Staudt MD, Shin DS, Durphy J, Hwang R, Hanspal E, Pilitsis JG. Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess How Motor Phenotypes of Parkinson's Disease Respond to Deep Brain Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:515-524. [PMID: 32369255 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-accepted treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor phenotypes include tremor-dominant (TD), akinesia-rigidity (AR), and postural instability gait disorder (PIGD). The mechanism of action in how DBS modulates motor symptom relief remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to determine whether the functional activity varies in response to DBS depending on PD phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects underwent an fMRI scan with DBS cycling ON and OFF. The effects of DBS cycling on BOLD activation in each phenotype were documented through voxel-wise analysis. For each region of interest, ANOVAs were performed using T-values and covariate analyses were conducted. Further, a correlation analysis was performed comparing stimulation settings to T-values. Lastly, T-values of subjects with motor improvement were compared to those who worsened. RESULTS As a group, BOLD activation with DBS-ON resulted in activation in the motor thalamus (p < 0.01) and globus pallidus externa (p < 0.01). AR patients had more activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA) compared to PIGD (p < 0.01) and TD cohorts (p < 0.01). Further, the AR cohort had more activation in primary motor cortex (MI) compared to the TD cohort (p = 0.02). Implanted nuclei (p = 0.01) and phenotype (p = <0.01) affected activity in MI and phenotype alone affected SMA activity (p = <0.01). A positive correlation was seen between thalamic activation and pulse-width (p = 0.03) and between caudate and total electrical energy delivered (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that DBS modulates network activity differently based on patient motor phenotype. Improved understanding of these differences may further our knowledge about the mechanisms of DBS action on PD motor symptoms and to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa DiMarzio
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Prusik
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michael Gillogly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Tanweer Rashid
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn MacDonell
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilknur Telkes
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Paul Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Staudt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Damian S Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Durphy
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roy Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Era Hanspal
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julie G Pilitsis
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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20
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Avecillas-Chasin JM, Honey CR. Modulation of Nigrofugal and Pallidofugal Pathways in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:E387-E397. [PMID: 31832650 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established surgical therapy for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To define the role of adjacent white matter stimulation in the effectiveness of STN-DBS. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 43 patients with PD who received bilateral STN-DBS. The volumes of activated tissue were analyzed to obtain significant stimulation clusters predictive of 4 clinical outcomes: improvements in bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and reduction of dopaminergic medication. Tractography of the nigrofugal and pallidofugal pathways was performed. The significant clusters were used to calculate the involvement of the nigrofugal and pallidofugal pathways and the STN. RESULTS The clusters predictive of rigidity and tremor improvement were dorsal to the STN with most of the clusters outside of the STN. These clusters preferentially involved the pallidofugal pathways. The cluster predictive of bradykinesia improvement was located in the central part of the STN with an extension outside of the STN. The cluster predictive of dopaminergic medication reduction was located ventrolateral and caudal to the STN. These clusters preferentially involved the nigrofugal pathways. CONCLUSION Improvements in rigidity and tremor mainly involved the pallidofugal pathways dorsal to the STN. Improvement in bradykinesia mainly involved the central part of the STN and the nigrofugal pathways ventrolateral to the STN. Maximal reduction in dopaminergic medication following STN-DBS was associated with an exclusive involvement of the nigrofugal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher R Honey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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21
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Abstract
Background:Tics, defined as quick, rapid, sudden, recurrent, non-rhythmic motor movements or vocalizations are required components of Tourette Syndrome (TS) - a complex disorder characterized by the presence of fluctuating, chronic motor and vocal tics, and the presence of co-existing neuropsychological problems. Despite many advances, the underlying pathophysiology of tics/TS remains unknown.Objective:To address a variety of controversies surrounding the pathophysiology of TS. More specifically: 1) the configuration of circuits likely involved; 2) the role of inhibitory influences on motor control; 3) the classification of tics as either goal-directed or habitual behaviors; 4) the potential anatomical site of origin, e.g. cortex, striatum, thalamus, cerebellum, or other(s); and 5) the role of specific neurotransmitters (dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and others) as possible mechanisms (Abstract figure).Methods:Existing evidence from current clinical, basic science, and animal model studies are reviewed to provide: 1) an expanded understanding of individual components and the complex integration of the Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Thalamo-Cortical (CBGTC) circuit - the pathway involved with motor control; and 2) scientific data directly addressing each of the aforementioned controversies regarding pathways, inhibition, classification, anatomy, and neurotransmitters.Conclusion:Until a definitive pathophysiological mechanism is identified, one functional approach is to consider that a disruption anywhere within CBGTC circuitry, or a brain region inputting to the motor circuit, can lead to an aberrant message arriving at the primary motor cortex and enabling a tic. Pharmacologic modulation may be therapeutically beneficial, even though it might not be directed toward the primary abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey S. Singer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farhan Augustine
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
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22
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Ashouri Vajari D, Ramanathan C, Tong Y, Stieglitz T, Coenen VA, Döbrössy MD. Medial forebrain bundle DBS differentially modulates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in a rodent model of depression. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113224. [PMID: 32035070 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has anti-depressant effects clinically and in depression models. Currently, therapeutic mechanisms of MFB DBS or how stimulation parameters acutely impact neurotransmitter release, particularly dopamine, are unknown. Experimentally, MFB DBS has been shown to evoke dopamine response in healthy controls, but not yet in a rodent model of depression. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the impact of clinically used stimulation parameters on the dopamine induced response in a validated rodent depression model and in healthy controls. METHOD The stimulation-induced dopamine response in Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL, n = 6) rat model of depression was compared with Sprague Dawley (SD, n = 6) rats following MFB DSB, using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry to assess the induced response in the nucleus accumbens. Stimulation parameters were 130 Hz ("clinically" relevant) with pulse widths between 100 and 350 μs. RESULTS Linear mixed model analysis showed significant impact in both models following MFB DBS both at 130 and 60 Hz with 100 μs pulse width in inducing dopamine response. Furthermore, at 130 Hz the evoked dopamine responses were different across the groups at the different pulse widths. CONCLUSION The differential impact of MFB DBS on the induced dopamine response, including different response patterns at given pulse widths, is suggestive of physiological and anatomical divergence in the MFB in the pathological and healthy state. Studying how varying stimulation parameters affect the physiological outcome will promote a better understanding of the biological substrate of the disease and the possible anti-depressant mechanisms at play in clinical MFB DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danesh Ashouri Vajari
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 80, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chockalingam Ramanathan
- Laboratory for Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences (SIN), Freiburg University, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse, 64 79106 Freiburg i.Br, Germany
| | - Yixin Tong
- Laboratory for Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences (SIN), Freiburg University, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse, 64 79106 Freiburg i.Br, Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 80, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Bernstein Center Freiburg, Hansastrasse 9a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker A Coenen
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 80, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory for Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences (SIN), Freiburg University, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse, 64 79106 Freiburg i.Br, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Máté D Döbrössy
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Kohler-Allee 80, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory for Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences (SIN), Freiburg University, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse, 64 79106 Freiburg i.Br, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Vachez Y, Carcenac C, Magnard R, Kerkerian‐Le Goff L, Salin P, Savasta M, Carnicella S, Boulet S. Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Impairs Motivation: Implication for Apathy in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:616-628. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vachez
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Robin Magnard
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Marc Savasta
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
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Hu S, Kan H, Kan J, Li C, Yuan A, Xu C, Wang A, Wang Y, Bao X, Shen T, Wu H. Longitudinal Changes in Functional Connectivity of the Caudate Is Associated With Recovery From Bell's Palsy. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:295. [PMID: 31787890 PMCID: PMC6853889 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that functional connectivity changes are important in the recovery from Bell's palsy (BP); however, these studies have only focused on the cortico-cortical connectivity. It is unclear how corticostriatal connectivity relates to the recovery process of patients with BP. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between longitudinal changes of caudate-based functional connectivity and longitudinal changes of facial performance in patients with intractable BP. Twenty-one patients with intractable BP underwent resting-state fMRI as well as facial behavioral assessments prior to treatment (PT) and at the middle stage of treatment (MT); and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited and received the same protocol. The caudate was divided into dorsal and ventral sub-regions and separate functional connectivity was calculated. Compared with HC, patients with intractable BP at the PT stage showed decreased functional connectivity of both the dorsal and ventral caudate mainly distributed in the somatosensory network, including the bilateral precentral gyrus (MI), left postcentral gyrus, media frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Alternatively, patients in the MT stage showed decreased functional connectivity primarily distributed in the executive network and somatosensory network, including the bilateral cingulate cortex (CC), left anterior cingulate cortex (LACC), inferior prefrontal gyrus (IFG), MI, STG, and paracentral lobe. The longitudinal changes in functional connectivity of both the dorsal and ventral caudate were mainly observed in the executive network, including the right ACC, left CC, and IFG. Functional connectivity changes in the right ACC and left IFG were significantly correlated with changes in facial behavioral performance. These findings indicated that corticostriatal connectivity changes are associated with recovery from BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxing Kan
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Junling Kan
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Aihong Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - ChunSheng Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Anqin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Bao
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tongping Shen
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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25
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Singh P, Lenka A, Stezin A, Jhunjhunwala K, Pal PK, Ghosal A, Murthy A. Basal ganglia contributions during the learning of a visuomotor rotation: Effect of dopamine, deep brain stimulation and reinforcement. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3349-3364. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Singh
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
| | - Abhishek Lenka
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bengaluru India
| | - Albert Stezin
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bengaluru India
| | - Ketan Jhunjhunwala
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bengaluru India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bengaluru India
| | - Ashitava Ghosal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Centre for Neuroscience Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
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26
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Jakobs M, Fomenko A, Lozano AM, Kiening KL. Cellular, molecular, and clinical mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation-a systematic review on established indications and outlook on future developments. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9575. [PMID: 30862663 PMCID: PMC6460356 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been successfully used to treat movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, for more than 25 years and heralded the advent of electrical neuromodulation to treat diseases with dysregulated neuronal circuits. DBS is now superseding ablative techniques, such as stereotactic radiofrequency lesions. While serendipity has played a role in developing DBS as a therapy, research during the past two decades has shown that electrical neuromodulation is far more than a functional lesion that can be switched on and off. This understanding broadens the field to enable new types of stimulation, clinical indications, and research. This review highlights the complex effects of DBS from the single cell to the neuronal network. Specifically, we examine the electrical, cellular, molecular, and neurochemical mechanisms of DBS as applied to Parkinson's disease and other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakobs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karl L Kiening
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Bruinsma TJ, Sarma VV, Oh Y, Jang DP, Chang SY, Worrell GA, Lowe VJ, Jo HJ, Min HK. The Relationship Between Dopamine Neurotransmitter Dynamics and the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal: A Review of Pharmacological Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:238. [PMID: 29692706 PMCID: PMC5902685 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used in investigations of normal cognition and brain disease and in various clinical applications. Pharmacological fMRI (pharma-fMRI) is a relatively new application, which is being used to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of pharmacological modulation of brain activity. Characterizing the effects of neuropharmacological agents on regional brain activity using fMRI is challenging because drugs modulate neuronal function in a wide variety of ways, including through receptor agonist, antagonist, and neurotransmitter reuptake blocker events. Here we review current knowledge on neurotransmitter-mediated blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) fMRI mechanisms as well as recently updated methodologies aimed at more fully describing the effects of neuropharmacologic agents on the BOLD signal. We limit our discussion to dopaminergic signaling as a useful lens through which to analyze and interpret neurochemical-mediated changes in the hemodynamic BOLD response. We also discuss the need for future studies that use multi-modal approaches to expand the understanding and application of pharma-fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Bruinsma
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Vidur V Sarma
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Greg A Worrell
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hang Joon Jo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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28
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Nakajima A, Shimo Y, Sekimoto S, Kamagata K, Jo T, Oyama G, Umemura A, Hattori N. Dopamine transporter imaging predicts motor responsiveness to levodopa challenge in patients with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study of DATSCAN for subthalamic deep brain stimulation. J Neurol Sci 2018; 385:134-139. [PMID: 29406893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Imaging studies are necessary prior to subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is a powerful tool for visualizing dopamine terminals in the striatum, but its usefulness in STN-DBS is unclear. Here, we retrospectively investigated the relationship between motor symptoms and the specific binding ratio (SBR) on DAT imaging in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We included 23 consecutive patients (9 female; 14 male) who were evaluated for DBS eligibility between October 2013 and October 2014 and subsequently received bilateral STN-DBS. Correlation and simple regression analyses were performed on SBR values and clinical parameters before and after surgery. SBR value was negatively correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score in the "ON" state before surgery (rs=-0.637, p=0.001) and positively correlated with the reduction of the levodopa equivalent daily dose by surgery (r=0.422, p=0.045). A simple regression analysis revealed that SBR value was positively correlated with UPDRS motor score improvement after levodopa challenge before surgery (p=0.001, R2=0.423). DAT imaging may be useful in STN-DBS candidate selection and the identification of the therapeutic mechanism of STN-DBS in patients with advanced PD and motor symptom fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Research and Therapeutics for Movement Disorders, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoko Sekimoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Jo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genko Oyama
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Research and Therapeutics for Movement Disorders, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Roberts
- North Carolina State University, Department of Chemistry, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- North Carolina State University, Department of Chemistry, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
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30
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31
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Abstract
Many debilitating neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by dopamine neurotransmitter dysregulation. Monitoring subsecond dopamine release accurately and for extended, clinically relevant timescales is a critical unmet need. Especially valuable has been the development of electrochemical fast-scan cyclic voltammetry implementing microsized carbon fiber probe implants to record fast millisecond changes in dopamine concentrations. Nevertheless, these well-established methods have only been applied in primates with acutely (few hours) implanted sensors. Neurochemical monitoring for long timescales is necessary to improve diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for a wide range of neurological disorders. Strategies for the chronic use of such sensors have recently been established successfully in rodents, but new infrastructures are needed to enable these strategies in primates. Here we report an integrated neurochemical recording platform for monitoring dopamine release from sensors chronically implanted in deep brain structures of nonhuman primates for over 100 days, together with results for behavior-related and stimulation-induced dopamine release. From these chronically implanted probes, we measured dopamine release from multiple sites in the striatum as induced by behavioral performance and reward-related stimuli, by direct stimulation, and by drug administration. We further developed algorithms to automate detection of dopamine. These algorithms could be used to track the effects of drugs on endogenous dopamine neurotransmission, as well as to evaluate the long-term performance of the chronically implanted sensors. Our chronic measurements demonstrate the feasibility of measuring subsecond dopamine release from deep brain circuits of awake, behaving primates in a longitudinally reproducible manner.
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32
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Alikaya A, Rack-Wildner M, Stauffer WR. Reward and value coding by dopamine neurons in non-human primates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:565-574. [PMID: 29076112 PMCID: PMC5847197 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rewards are fundamental to everyday life. They confer pleasure, support learning, and mediate decisions. Dopamine-releasing neurons in the midbrain are critical for reward processing. These neurons receive input from more than 30 brain areas and send widespread projections to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex. Their phasic responses are tuned to rewards. Specifically, dopamine signals code reward prediction error, the difference between received and predicted rewards. Decades of research in awake, behaving non-human primates (NHP), have shown the importance of these neural signals for learning and decision making. In this review, we will provide an overview of the bedrock findings that support the reward prediction error hypothesis and examine evidence that this signal plays a role in learning and decision making. In addition, we will highlight some of the conceptual challenges in dopamine neurophysiology and identify future areas of research to address these challenges. Keeping with the theme of this special issue, we will focus on the role of NHP studies in understanding dopamine neurophysiology and make the argument that primate models are essential to this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Alikaya
- Systems Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - William R Stauffer
- Systems Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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33
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Nakajima A, Shimo Y, Uka T, Hattori N. Subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna influence firing of tonically active neurons in the primate striatum through different mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2662-2673. [PMID: 28949036 PMCID: PMC5765455 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) are major targets for neuromodulation therapy for movement disorders. An example of such a therapy is deep brain stimulation (DBS). The striatum is the primary target for pharmacological treatment of these disorders. To further our understanding of both the functional relationships among motor nuclei and the mechanisms of therapies for movement disorders, it is important to clarify how changing the neuronal activity of one target, either by medication or by artificial electrical stimulation, affects the other connected nuclei. To investigate this point, we recorded single-unit activity from tonically active neurons (TANs), which are putative cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, of healthy monkeys (Macaca fuscata) during electrical stimulation of the STN or GPi. Both STN stimulation and GPi stimulation reduced the TAN spike rate. Local infusion of a D2 receptor antagonist in the striatum blocked the reduction in spike rate induced by STN stimulation but not that induced by GPi stimulation. Further, STN stimulation induced phasic dopamine release in the striatum as revealed by in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. These results suggest the presence of multiple, strong functional relationships among the STN, GPi, and striatum that have different pathways and imply distinct therapeutic mechanisms for STN- and GPi-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Research and Therapeutics for Movement Disorders, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Settell ML, Testini P, Cho S, Lee JH, Blaha CD, Jo HJ, Lee KH, Min HK. Functional Circuitry Effect of Ventral Tegmental Area Deep Brain Stimulation: Imaging and Neurochemical Evidence of Mesocortical and Mesolimbic Pathway Modulation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:104. [PMID: 28316564 PMCID: PMC5334355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ventral tegmental area (VTA), containing mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic neurons, is implicated in processes involving reward, addiction, reinforcement, and learning, which are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Electrical stimulation of the VTA or the medial forebrain bundle and its projection target the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is reported to improve depressive symptoms in patients affected by severe, treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive-like symptoms in animal models of depression. Here we sought to determine the neuromodulatory effects of VTA deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a normal large animal model (swine) by combining neurochemical measurements with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Animals (n = 8 swine) were implanted with a unilateral DBS electrode targeting the VTA. During stimulation (130 Hz frequency, 0.25 ms pulse width, and 3 V amplitude), fMRI was performed. Following fMRI, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in combination with carbon fiber microelectrodes was performed to quantify VTA-DBS-evoked dopamine release in the ipsilateral NAc. In a subset of swine, the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) percent change evoked by stimulation was performed at increasing voltages (1, 2, and 3 V). Results: A significant increase in VTA-DBS-evoked BOLD signal was found in the following regions: the ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate, insula, premotor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and striatum. A decrease in the BOLD signal was also observed in the contralateral parahippocampal cortex, dorsolateral and anterior prefrontal cortex, insula, inferior temporal gyrus, and primary somatosensory cortex (Bonferroni-corrected < 0.001). During neurochemical measurements, stimulation time-locked changes in dopamine release were recorded in the NAc, confirming that mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons were stimulated by DBS. In the parametric study, BOLD signal changes were positively correlated with stimulation amplitude. Conclusions: In this study, the modulation of the neural circuitry associated with VTA-DBS was characterized in a large animal. Our findings suggest that VTA-DBS could affect the activity of neural systems and brain regions implicated in reward, mood regulation, and in the pathophysiology of MDD. In addition, we showed that a combination of fMRI and electrochemically-based neurochemical detection platform is an effective investigative tool for elucidating the circuitry involved in VTA-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Settell
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | - Paola Testini
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | - Shinho Cho
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | - Jannifer H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Hang J. Jo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | - Kendall H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA
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35
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Trevathan JK, Yousefi A, Park HO, Bartoletta JJ, Ludwig KA, Lee KH, Lujan JL. Computational Modeling of Neurotransmitter Release Evoked by Electrical Stimulation: Nonlinear Approaches to Predicting Stimulation-Evoked Dopamine Release. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:394-410. [PMID: 28076681 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurochemical changes evoked by electrical stimulation of the nervous system have been linked to both therapeutic and undesired effects of neuromodulation therapies used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, stroke, hypertension, tinnitus, and many other indications. In fact, interest in better understanding the role of neurochemical signaling in neuromodulation therapies has been a focus of recent government- and industry-sponsored programs whose ultimate goal is to usher in an era of personalized medicine by creating neuromodulation therapies that respond to real-time changes in patient status. A key element to achieving these precision therapeutic interventions is the development of mathematical modeling approaches capable of describing the nonlinear transfer function between neuromodulation parameters and evoked neurochemical changes. Here, we propose two computational modeling frameworks, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Volterra kernels, that can characterize the input/output transfer functions of stimulation-evoked neurochemical release. We evaluate the ability of these modeling frameworks to characterize subject-specific neurochemical kinetics by accurately describing stimulation-evoked dopamine release across rodent (R2 = 0.83 Volterra kernel, R2 = 0.86 ANN), swine (R2 = 0.90 Volterra kernel, R2 = 0.93 ANN), and non-human primate (R2 = 0.98 Volterra kernel, R2 = 0.96 ANN) models of brain stimulation. Ultimately, these models will not only improve understanding of neurochemical signaling in healthy and diseased brains but also facilitate the development of neuromodulation strategies capable of controlling neurochemical release via closed-loop strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Yousefi
- Department
of Neurologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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