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Yajie H, Shenglan W, Wei Z, Rufang L, Tingting Y, Yunhui Z, Jie S. Global quantitative proteomic analysis profiles of host protein expression in response to Enterovirus A71 infection in bronchial epithelial cells based on tandem mass tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS uncovers the key role of proteasome in virus replication. Virus Res 2023; 330:199118. [PMID: 37072100 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a neurotropic human pathogen which mainly caused hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mostly in children under 5 years-old. Generally, EV-A71-associated HFMD is a relatively self-limiting febrile disease, but there will still be a small percentage of patients with rapid disease progression and severe neurological complications. To date, the underlying mechanism of EV-A71 inducing pathological injury of central nervous system (CNS) remains largely unclear. It has been investigated and discussed the changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA expression profile during infection by EV-A71 in our previous studies. However, these studies were only analyzed at the RNA level, not at the protein level. It's the protein levels that ultimately do the work in the body. Here, to address this, we performed a tandem mass tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS approach to quantitatively identify cellular proteome changes at 24 h post-infection (hpi) in EV-A71-infected 16HBE cells. In total, 6615 proteins were identified by using TMT coupled with LC-MS/MS in this study. In the EV-A71- and mock-infected groups, 210 differentially expressed proteins were found, including 86 upregulated and 124 downregulated proteins, at 24 hpi. To ensure the validity and reliability of the proteomics data, 3 randomly selected proteins were verified by Western blot and Immunofluorescence analysis, and the results were consistent with the TMT results. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis indicated that the up-regulated and down-regulated proteins were individually involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways, including metabolic process, AMPK signaling pathway, Neurotrophin signaling pathway, Viral myocarditis, GABAergic synapse, and so on. Moreover, among these enriched functional analysis, the "Proteasome" pathway was up-regulated, which has caught our attention. Inhibition of proteasome was found to obviously suppress the EV-A71 replication. Finally, further in-depth analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins contained distinct domains and localized in different subcellular components. Taken together, our data provided a comprehensive view of host cell response to EV-A71 and identified host proteins may lead to better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and host responses to EV-A71 infection, and also to the identification of new therapeutic targets for EV-A71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yajie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology
| | - Wang Shenglan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Rufang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Tingting
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhang Yunhui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China..
| | - Song Jie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
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2
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Previtali SC. Peripheral Nerve Development and the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Neuropathy: the Sorting Point. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2156-2168. [PMID: 34244926 PMCID: PMC8804061 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve development requires a coordinated sequence of events and steps to be accomplished for the generation of functional peripheral nerves to convey sensory and motor signals. Any abnormality during development may result in pathological structure and function of the nerve, which evolves in peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we will briefly describe different steps of nerve development while we will mostly focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in radial sorting of axons, one of these nerve developmental steps. We will summarize current knowledge of molecular pathways so far reported in radial sorting and their possible interactions. Finally, we will describe how disruption of these pathways may result in human neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano C Previtali
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, InSpe (Institute of Experimental Neurology) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Bardsley EN, Paterson DJ. Neurocardiac regulation: from cardiac mechanisms to novel therapeutic approaches. J Physiol 2020; 598:2957-2976. [PMID: 30307615 PMCID: PMC7496613 DOI: 10.1113/jp276962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac sympathetic overactivity is a well-established contributor to the progression of neurogenic hypertension and heart failure, yet the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of acutely regulated cyclic nucleotides and their effectors in the control of intracellular calcium and exocytosis. Emerging evidence now suggests that a significant component of sympathetic overactivity and enhanced transmission may arise from impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling, resulting from compromised phosphodiesterase activity, as well as alterations in receptor-coupled G-protein activation. In this review, we address some of the key cellular and molecular pathways that contribute to sympathetic overactivity in hypertension and discuss their potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. N. Bardsley
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and DiseaseOxfordUK
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PTUK
| | - D. J. Paterson
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and DiseaseOxfordUK
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PTUK
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4
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Chen S, Wu C, Liu A, Wei D, Xiao Y, Guo Z, Chen L, Zhu Y, Sun J, Luo H, Fan H. Biofabrication of nerve fibers with mimetic myelin sheath-like structure and aligned fibrous niche. Biofabrication 2020; 12:035013. [PMID: 32240990 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab860d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nerve tissues contain hierarchically ordered nerve fibers, while each of the nerve fibers has nano-oriented fibrous extracellular matrix and a core-shell structure of tubular myelin sheath with elongated axons encapsulated. Here, we report, for the first time, a ready approach to fabricate biomimetic nerve fibers which are oriented and have a core-shell structure to spatially encapsulate two types of cells, neurons and Schwann cells. A microfluidic system was designed and assembled, which contained a coaxial triple-channel chip and a stretching loading device. Alginate was used first to assist the fabrication, which was washed away afterwards. The orientation of the biomimetic nerve fibers was optimized by the control of the compositions of methacrylate hyaluronan and fibrin, together with the parameters of microfluidic shearing and external stretching. Also, neurons and Schwann cells, which were respectively located in the core and shell of the fibers, displayed advanced biologic functions, including neurogenesis and myelinating maturation. We demonstrate that the neural performance is relatively good, compared to that resulted from individually encapsulated in single-layer microfibers. The present study brings insights to fabricate biomimetic nerve fibers for their potential in neuroscience research and nerve regeneration. Moreover, the present methodology on the fabrication of oriented fibers with different types of cells separately encapsulated should be applicable to biomimetic constructions of various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064 People's Republic of China
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5
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Jessen KR, Mirsky R. Schwann Cell Precursors; Multipotent Glial Cells in Embryonic Nerves. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:69. [PMID: 30971890 PMCID: PMC6443887 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of the neural crest, often referred to as neural crest stem cells, give rise to a number of sub-lineages, one of which is Schwann cells, the glial cells of peripheral nerves. Crest cells transform to adult Schwann cells through the generation of two well defined intermediate stages, the Schwann cell precursors (SCP) in early embryonic nerves, and immature Schwann cells (iSch) in late embryonic and perinatal nerves. SCP are formed when neural crest cells enter nascent nerves and form intimate relationships with axons, a diagnostic feature of glial cells. This involves large-scale changes in gene expression, including the activation of established glial cell markers. Like early glia in the CNS, radial glia, SCP retain developmental multipotency and contribute to other crest-derived lineages during embryonic development. SCP, as well as closely related cells termed boundary cap cells, and later stages of the Schwann cell lineage have all been implicated as the tumor initiating cell in NF1 associated neurofibromas. iSch are formed from SCP in a process that involves the appearance of additional differentiation markers, autocrine survival circuits, cellular elongation, a formation of endoneurial connective tissue and basal lamina. Finally, in peri- and post-natal nerves, iSch are reversibly induced by axon-associated signals to form the myelin and non-myelin Schwann cells of adult nerves. This review article discusses early Schwann cell development in detail and describes a large number of molecular signaling systems that control glial development in embryonic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan R Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Bardsley EN, Davis H, Ajijola OA, Buckler KJ, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Paterson DJ. RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Transcripts from Sympathetic Stellate Ganglia During Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8633. [PMID: 29872217 PMCID: PMC5988725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent age-related illness worldwide, causing approximately 15 million deaths every year. Hypertension is central in determining cardiovascular risk and is a strong predictive indicator of morbidity and mortality; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for disease-modifying and prophylactic interventions. Enhanced sympathetic activity is a well-established contributor to the pathophysiology of hypertension, however the cellular and molecular changes that increase sympathetic neurotransmission are not known. The aim of this study was to identify key changes in the transcriptome in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We validated 15 of our top-scoring genes using qRT-PCR, and network and enrichment analyses suggest that glutamatergic signalling plays a key role in modulating Ca2+ balance within these ganglia. Additionally, phosphodiesterase activity was found to be altered in stellates obtained from the hypertensive rat, suggesting that impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling may contribute to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension. We have also confirmed the presence of these transcripts in human donor stellate samples, suggesting that key genes coupled to neurotransmission are conserved. The data described here may provide novel targets for future interventions aimed at treating sympathetic hyperactivity associated with cardiovascular disease and other dysautonomias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Harvey Davis
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Keith J Buckler
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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7
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Gomis-Coloma C, Velasco-Aviles S, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Casillas-Bajo A, Backs J, Cabedo H. Class IIa histone deacetylases link cAMP signaling to the myelin transcriptional program of Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1249-1268. [PMID: 29472387 PMCID: PMC5881490 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP signaling regulates Schwann myelination by a mechanism that is not clearly understood. The authors provide in vitro and in vivo data showing that cAMP shuttles HDAC4 into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with NcoR1/HDAC3 to repress the expression of c-Jun, inducing Schwann cell differentiation and myelin development. Schwann cells respond to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) halting proliferation and expressing myelin proteins. Here we show that cAMP signaling induces the nuclear shuttling of the class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC)–4 in these cells, where it binds to the promoter and blocks the expression of c-Jun, a negative regulator of myelination. To do it, HDAC4 does not interfere with the transcriptional activity of MEF2. Instead, by interacting with NCoR1, it recruits HDAC3 and deacetylates histone 3 in the promoter of c-Jun, blocking gene expression. Importantly, this is enough to up-regulate Krox20 and start Schwann cell differentiation program–inducing myelin gene expression. Using conditional knockout mice, we also show that HDAC4 together with HDAC5 redundantly contribute to activate the myelin transcriptional program and the development of myelin sheath in vivo. We propose a model in which cAMP signaling shuttles class IIa HDACs into the nucleus of Schwann cells to regulate the initial steps of myelination in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gomis-Coloma
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) and Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Saniatria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Velasco-Aviles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) and Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Saniatria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Angeles Casillas-Bajo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) and Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Saniatria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugo Cabedo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) and Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Saniatria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
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8
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Ghidinelli M, Poitelon Y, Shin YK, Ameroso D, Williamson C, Ferri C, Pellegatta M, Espino K, Mogha A, Monk K, Podini P, Taveggia C, Nave KA, Wrabetz L, Park HT, Feltri ML. Laminin 211 inhibits protein kinase A in Schwann cells to modulate neuregulin 1 type III-driven myelination. PLoS Biol 2017. [PMID: 28636612 PMCID: PMC5479503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is required for proper nervous system function. Schwann cells in developing nerves depend on extrinsic signals from the axon and from the extracellular matrix to first sort and ensheathe a single axon and then myelinate it. Neuregulin 1 type III (Nrg1III) and laminin α2β1γ1 (Lm211) are the key axonal and matrix signals, respectively, but how their signaling is integrated and if each molecule controls both axonal sorting and myelination is unclear. Here, we use a series of epistasis experiments to show that Lm211 modulates neuregulin signaling to ensure the correct timing and amount of myelination. Lm211 can inhibit Nrg1III by limiting protein kinase A (PKA) activation, which is required to initiate myelination. We provide evidence that excessive PKA activation amplifies promyelinating signals downstream of neuregulin, including direct activation of the neuregulin receptor ErbB2 and its effector Grb2-Associated Binder-1 (Gab1), thereby elevating the expression of the key transcription factors Oct6 and early growth response protein 2 (Egr2). The inhibitory effect of Lm211 is seen only in fibers of small caliber. These data may explain why hereditary neuropathies associated with decreased laminin function are characterized by focally thick and redundant myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ghidinelli
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
- UniSR, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Yoon Kyoung Shin
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University Medical School, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dominique Ameroso
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Courtney Williamson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Cinzia Ferri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Pellegatta
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
- UniSR, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin Espino
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Amit Mogha
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kelly Monk
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paola Podini
- Division of Neuroscience and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University Medical School, Busan, South Korea
- * E-mail: (MLF); (HTP)
| | - Maria Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (MLF); (HTP)
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Castelnovo LF, Bonalume V, Melfi S, Ballabio M, Colleoni D, Magnaghi V. Schwann cell development, maturation and regeneration: a focus on classic and emerging intracellular signaling pathways. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1013-1023. [PMID: 28852375 PMCID: PMC5558472 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development, maturation and regeneration of Schwann cells (SCs), the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, require the coordinate and complementary interaction among several factors, signals and intracellular pathways. These regulatory molecules consist of integrins, neuregulins, growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, as well as entire intracellular pathways including protein-kinase A, C, Akt, Erk/MAPK, Hippo, mTOR, etc. For instance, Hippo pathway is overall involved in proliferation, apoptosis, regeneration and organ size control, being crucial in cancer proliferation process. In SCs, Hippo is linked to merlin and YAP/TAZ signaling and it seems to respond to mechanic/physical challenges. Recently, among factors regulating SCs, also the signaling intermediates Src tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) proved relevant for SC fate, participating in the regulation of adhesion, motility, migration and in vitro myelination. In SCs, the factors Src and FAK are regulated by the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone, thus corroborating the importance of this steroid in the control of SC maturation. In this review, we illustrate some old and novel signaling pathways modulating SC biology and functions during the different developmental, mature and regenerative states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Franco Castelnovo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Bonalume
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Melfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinella Ballabio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Colleoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Blirando K, Blaise R, Gorodnaya N, Rouxel C, Meilhac O, Vincent P, Limon I. The stellate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype is induced by IL-1β via the secretion of PGE2 and subsequent cAMP-dependent protein kinase A activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3235-47. [PMID: 26403276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis development is associated with morphological changes to intimal cells, leading to a stellate cell phenotype. In this study, we aimed to determine whether and how key pro-atherogenic cytokines present in atherosclerotic plaques (IL-1β, TNFα and IFNγ) could induce this phenotype, as these molecules are known to trigger the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We found that, IL-1β was the only major inflammatory mediator tested capable of inducing a stellate morphology in VSMCs. This finding was confirmed by staining for F-actin and vinculin at focal adhesions, as these two markers were disrupted only by IL-1β. We then investigated the possible association of this IL-1β-dependent change in morphology with an increase in intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]), using the FRET-based biosensor for cAMP (T)Epac(VV). Experiments in the presence of IL-1β or medium conditioned by IL-1β-treated VSMCs and pharmacological tools demonstrated that the long-term increase in intracellular cAMP concentration was induced by the secretion of an autocrine/paracrine mediator, prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂), acting through the EP4 receptor. Finally, by knocking down the expression of the regulatory subunit PKAR1α, thereby reproducing the effects of IL-1β and PGE₂ on VSMCs, we demonstrated the contribution of PKA activity to the observed behavior of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Blirando
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06CNRS UMR 8256 B2A, IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Régis Blaise
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06CNRS UMR 8256 B2A, IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Gorodnaya
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06CNRS UMR 8256 B2A, IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Rouxel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06CNRS UMR 8256 B2A, IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm U1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Vincent
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06CNRS UMR 8256 B2A, IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Limon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06CNRS UMR 8256 B2A, IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France.
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11
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Poitelon Y, Bogni S, Matafora V, Della-Flora Nunes G, Hurley E, Ghidinelli M, Katzenellenbogen BS, Taveggia C, Silvestri N, Bachi A, Sannino A, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. Spatial mapping of juxtacrine axo-glial interactions identifies novel molecules in peripheral myelination. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8303. [PMID: 26383514 PMCID: PMC4576721 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell interactions promote juxtacrine signals in specific subcellular domains, which are difficult to capture in the complexity of the nervous system. For example, contact between axons and Schwann cells triggers signals required for radial sorting and myelination. Failure in this interaction causes dysmyelination and axonal degeneration. Despite its importance, few molecules at the axo-glial surface are known. To identify novel molecules in axo-glial interactions, we modified the ‘pseudopodia' sub-fractionation system and isolated the projections that glia extend when they receive juxtacrine signals from axons. By proteomics we identified the signalling networks present at the glial-leading edge, and novel proteins, including members of the Prohibitin family. Glial-specific deletion of Prohibitin-2 in mice impairs axo-glial interactions and myelination. We thus validate a novel method to model morphogenesis and juxtacrine signalling, provide insights into the molecular organization of the axo-glial contact, and identify a novel class of molecules in myelination. Neuron–glia interactions are critical in the nervous system, where they result in the extension of glial pseudopodia. Poitelon et al. isolate these protrusions using an in vitro assay, and, by characterising their proteomes, identify Prohibitin-2 as a regulator of myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Poitelon
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - S Bogni
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - V Matafora
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - G Della-Flora Nunes
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - E Hurley
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - M Ghidinelli
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - B S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois and College of Medicine, Urbana Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - N Silvestri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - A Bachi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - A Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - L Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - M L Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano 20132, Italy.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
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12
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Monk KR, Feltri ML, Taveggia C. New insights on Schwann cell development. Glia 2015; 63:1376-93. [PMID: 25921593 PMCID: PMC4470834 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells are glial cells that are in intimate contact with axons throughout development. Schwann cells generate the insulating myelin sheath and provide vital trophic support to the neurons that they ensheathe. Schwann cell precursors arise from neural crest progenitor cells, and a highly ordered developmental sequence controls the progression of these cells to become mature myelinating or nonmyelinating Schwann cells. Here, we discuss both seminal discoveries and recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive Schwann cell development and myelination with a focus on cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Monk
- Department of Developmental Biology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Peripheral nerves contain large myelinated and small unmyelinated (Remak) fibers that perform different functions. The choice to myelinate or not is dictated to Schwann cells by the axon itself, based on the amount of neuregulin I-type III exposed on its membrane. Peripheral axons are more important in determining the final myelination fate than central axons, and the implications for this difference in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are discussed. Interestingly, this choice is reversible during pathology, accounting for the remarkable plasticity of Schwann cells, and contributing to the regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system. Radial sorting is the process by which Schwann cells choose larger axons to myelinate during development. This crucial morphogenetic step is a prerequisite for myelination and for differentiation of Remak fibers, and is arrested in human diseases due to mutations in genes coding for extracellular matrix and linkage molecules. In this review we will summarize progresses made in the last years by a flurry of reverse genetic experiments in mice and fish. This work revealed novel molecules that control radial sorting, and contributed unexpected ideas to our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control radial sorting of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Carlo Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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14
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FAK is required for Schwann cell spreading on immature basal lamina to coordinate the radial sorting of peripheral axons with myelination. J Neurosci 2015; 34:13422-34. [PMID: 25274820 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1764-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Without Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), developing murine Schwann cells (SCs) proliferate poorly, sort axons inefficiently, and cannot myelinate peripheral nerves. Here we show that FAK is required for the development of SCs when their basal lamina (BL) is fragmentary, but not when it is mature in vivo. Mutant SCs fail to spread on fragmentary BL during development in vivo, and this is phenocopied by SCs lacking functional FAK on low laminin (LN) in vitro. Furthermore, SCs without functional FAK initiate differentiation prematurely, both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to their behavior on high levels of LN, SCs lacking functional FAK grown on low LN display reduced spreading, proliferation, and indicators of contractility (i.e., stress fibers, arcs, and focal adhesions) and are primed to differentiate. Growth of SCs lacking functional FAK on increasing LN concentrations in vitro revealed that differentiation is not regulated by G1 arrest but rather by cell spreading and the level of contractile actomyosin. The importance of FAK as a critical regulator of the specific response of developing SCs to fragmentary BL was supported by the ability of adult FAK mutant SCs to remyelinate demyelinated adult nerves on mature BL in vivo. We conclude that FAK promotes the spreading and actomyosin contractility of immature SCs on fragmentary BL, thus maintaining their proliferation, and preventing differentiation until they reach high density, thereby promoting radial sorting. Hence, FAK has a critical role in the response of SCs to limiting BL by promoting proliferation and preventing premature SC differentiation.
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15
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Brewer MH, Ma KH, Beecham GW, Gopinath C, Baas F, Choi BO, Reilly MM, Shy ME, Züchner S, Svaren J, Antonellis A. Haplotype-specific modulation of a SOX10/CREB response element at the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C locus SH3TC2. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5171-87. [PMID: 24833716 PMCID: PMC4168306 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (SH3TC2) gene cause autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. The SH3TC2 protein has been implicated in promyelination signaling through axonal neuregulin-1 and the ERBB2 Schwann cell receptor. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the SH3TC2 gene. We performed computational and functional analyses that revealed two cis-acting regulatory elements at SH3TC2-one at the promoter and one ∼150 kb downstream of the transcription start site. Both elements direct reporter gene expression in Schwann cells and are responsive to the transcription factor SOX10, which is essential for peripheral nervous system myelination. The downstream enhancer harbors a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that causes an ∼80% reduction in enhancer activity. The SNP resides directly within a predicted binding site for the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and we demonstrate that this regulatory element binds to CREB and is activated by CREB expression. Finally, forskolin induces Sh3tc2 expression in rat primary Schwann cells, indicating that SH3TC2 is a CREB target gene. These findings prompted us to determine if SNP genotypes at SH3TC2 are associated with differential phenotypes in the most common demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, CMT1A. Interestingly, this revealed several associations between SNP alleles and disease severity. In summary, our data indicate that SH3TC2 is regulated by the transcription factors CREB and SOX10, define a regulatory SNP at this disease-associated locus and reveal SH3TC2 as a candidate modifier locus of CMT disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ki Hwan Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology (CMP) Program
| | - Gary W Beecham
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chetna Gopinath
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology Department of Pediatrics and Department of Physiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics Department of Neurology and Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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