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Fortier M, Cauhapé M, Buono S, Becker J, Menuet A, Branchu J, Ricca I, Mero S, Dorgham K, El Hachimi KH, Dobrenis K, Colsch B, Samaroo D, Devaux M, Durr A, Stevanin G, Santorelli FM, Colombo S, Cowling B, Darios F. Decreasing ganglioside synthesis delays motor and cognitive symptom onset in Spg11 knockout mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106564. [PMID: 38876323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the SPG11 gene account for the most common form of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by motor and cognitive impairment, with currently no therapeutic option. We previously observed in a Spg11 knockout mouse that neurodegeneration is associated with accumulation of gangliosides in lysosomes. To test whether a substrate reduction therapy could be a therapeutic option, we downregulated the key enzyme involved in ganglioside biosynthesis using an AAV-PHP.eB viral vector expressing a miRNA targeting St3gal5. Downregulation of St3gal5 in Spg11 knockout mice prevented the accumulation of gangliosides, delayed the onset of motor and cognitive symptoms, and prevented the upregulation of serum levels of neurofilament light chain, a biomarker widely used in neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, similar results were observed when Spg11 knockout mice were administrated venglustat, a pharmacological inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase expected to decrease ganglioside synthesis. Downregulation of St3gal5 or venglustat administration in Spg11 knockout mice strongly decreased the formation of axonal spheroids, previously associated with impaired trafficking. Venglustat had similar effect on cultured human SPG11 neurons. In conclusion, this work identifies the first disease-modifying therapeutic strategy in SPG11, and provides data supporting its relevance for therapeutic testing in SPG11 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Fortier
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Margaux Cauhapé
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Suzie Buono
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Becker
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Alexia Menuet
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Branchu
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ivana Ricca
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Mero
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Khalid-Hamid El Hachimi
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Benoit Colsch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Dominic Samaroo
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Morgan Devaux
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sophie Colombo
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Belinda Cowling
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Darios
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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Kang Y, Zhang Q, Xu S, Yu Y. The alteration and role of glycoconjugates in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1398641. [PMID: 38946780 PMCID: PMC11212478 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1398641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal protein deposition. With an alarming 30 million people affected worldwide, AD poses a significant public health concern. While inhibiting key enzymes such as β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 and γ-secretase or enhancing amyloid-β clearance, has been considered the reasonable strategy for AD treatment, their efficacy has been compromised by ineffectiveness. Furthermore, our understanding of AD pathogenesis remains incomplete. Normal aging is associated with a decline in glucose uptake in the brain, a process exacerbated in patients with AD, leading to significant impairment of a critical post-translational modification: glycosylation. Glycosylation, a finely regulated mechanism of intracellular secondary protein processing, plays a pivotal role in regulating essential functions such as synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, axon guidance, as well as learning and memory within the central nervous system. Advanced glycomic analysis has unveiled that abnormal glycosylation of key AD-related proteins closely correlates with the onset and progression of the disease. In this context, we aimed to delve into the intricate role and underlying mechanisms of glycosylation in the etiopathology and pathogenesis of AD. By highlighting the potential of targeting glycosylation as a promising and alternative therapeutic avenue for managing AD, we strive to contribute to the advancement of treatment strategies for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Silu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Peng J, Zou WW, Wang XL, Zhang ZG, Huo R, Yang L. Viral-mediated gene therapy in pediatric neurological disorders. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:533-555. [PMID: 36607547 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the broad application of next-generation sequencing, the molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders in pediatric neurology is no longer an unachievable goal. However, treatments for neurological genetic disorders in children remain primarily symptomatic. On the other hand, with the continuous evolution of therapeutic viral vectors, gene therapy is becoming a clinical reality. From this perspective, we wrote this review to illustrate the current state regarding viral-mediated gene therapy in childhood neurological disorders. DATA SOURCES We searched databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, using the keywords "adenovirus vector," "lentivirus vector," and "AAV" for gene therapy, and "immunoreaction induced by gene therapy vectors," "administration routes of gene therapy vectors," and "gene therapy" with "NCL," "SMA," "DMD," "congenital myopathy," "MPS" "leukodystrophy," or "pediatric metabolic disorders". We also screened the database of ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords "gene therapy for children" and then filtered the results with the ones aimed at neurological disorders. The time range of the search procedure was from the inception of the databases to the present. RESULTS We presented the characteristics of commonly used viral vectors for gene therapy for pediatric neurological disorders and summarized their merits and drawbacks, the administration routes of each vector, the research progress, and the clinical application status of viral-mediated gene therapy on pediatric neurological disorders. CONCLUSIONS Viral-mediated gene therapy is on the brink of broad clinical application. Viral-mediated gene therapy will dramatically change the treatment pattern of childhood neurological disorders, and many children with incurable diseases will meet the dawn of a cure. Nevertheless, the vectors must be optimized for better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center for Chidren Neurodevelopmental disablities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center for Chidren Neurodevelopmental disablities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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4
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Kernohan KD, Boycott KM. The expanding diagnostic toolbox for rare genetic diseases. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:401-415. [PMID: 38238519 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Genomic technologies, such as targeted, exome and short-read genome sequencing approaches, have revolutionized the care of patients with rare genetic diseases. However, more than half of patients remain without a diagnosis. Emerging approaches from research-based settings such as long-read genome sequencing and optical genome mapping hold promise for improving the identification of disease-causal genetic variants. In addition, new omic technologies that measure the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome or metabolome are showing great potential for variant interpretation. As genetic testing options rapidly expand, the clinical community needs to be mindful of their individual strengths and limitations, as well as remaining challenges, to select the appropriate diagnostic test, correctly interpret results and drive innovation to address insufficiencies. If used effectively - through truly integrative multi-omics approaches and data sharing - the resulting large quantities of data from these established and emerging technologies will greatly improve the interpretative power of genetic and genomic diagnostics for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Kernohan
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Newborn Screening Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Genetics, CHEO, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Kern J, Böhringer J, Timmann D, Trollmann R, Stendel C, Kamm C, Röbl M, Santhanakumaran V, Groeschel S, Beck-Wödl S, Göricke S, Krägeloh-Mann I, Synofzik M. Clinical, Imaging, Genetic, and Disease Course Characteristics in Patients With GM2 Gangliosidosis: Beyond Age of Onset. Neurology 2024; 102:e207898. [PMID: 38165373 PMCID: PMC10834127 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES GM2 gangliosidoses, a group of autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders, result from β-hexosaminidase (HEX) deficiency with GM2 ganglioside as its main substrate. Historically, GM2 gangliosidoses have been classified into infantile, juvenile, and late-onset forms. With disease-modifying treatment trials now on the horizon, a more fine-grained understanding of the disease course is needed. METHODS We aimed to map and stratify the clinical course of GM2 gangliosidoses in a multicenter cohort of pediatric and adult patients. Patients were stratified according to age at onset and age at diagnosis. The 2 resulting GM2 disease clusters were characterized in-depth for respective disease features (detailed standardized clinical, laboratory, and MRI assessments) and disease evolution. RESULTS In 21 patients with GM2 gangliosidosis (17 Tay-Sachs, 2 GM2 activator deficiency, 2 Sandhoff disease), 2 disease clusters were discriminated: an early-onset and early diagnosis cluster (type I; n = 8, including activator deficiency and Sandhoff disease) and a cluster with very variable onset and long interval until diagnosis (type II; n = 13 patients). In type I, rapid onset of developmental stagnation and regression, spasticity, and seizures dominated the clinical picture. Cherry red spot, startle reactions, and elevated AST were only seen in this cluster. In type II, problems with balance or gait, muscle weakness, dysarthria, and psychiatric symptoms were specific and frequent symptoms. Ocular signs were common, including supranuclear vertical gaze palsy in 30%. MRI involvement of basal ganglia and peritrigonal hyperintensity was seen only in type I, whereas predominant infratentorial atrophy (or normal MRI) was characteristic in type II. These types were, at least in part, associated with certain genetic variants. DISCUSSION Age at onset alone seems not sufficient to adequately predict different disease courses in GM2 gangliosidosis, as required for upcoming trial planning. We propose an alternative classification based on age at disease onset and dynamics, predicted by clinical features and biomarkers, into type I-an early-onset, rapid progression cluster-and type II-a variable onset, slow progression cluster. Specific diagnostic workup, including GM2 gangliosidosis, should be performed in patients with combined ataxia plus lower motor neuron weakness to identify type II patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kern
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Judith Böhringer
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Claudia Stendel
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Cristoph Kamm
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Markus Röbl
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Vidiyaah Santhanakumaran
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Samuel Groeschel
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Wödl
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Sophia Göricke
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- From the Department of Neuropediatrics (J.K., J.B., V.S., S. Groeschel, I.K.-M.), Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen; Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS) (D.T.), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neuropediatrics (R.T.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital LMU, Munich; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock; Department of Pediatrics (M.R.), University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (S.B.-W.), University of Tübingen; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (S. Göricke), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; and Research Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.S.), Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Germany
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Shaimardanova AA, Chulpanova DS, Solovyeva VV, Issa SS, Mullagulova AI, Titova AA, Mukhamedshina YO, Timofeeva AV, Aimaletdinov AM, Nigmetzyanov IR, Rizvanov AA. Increasing β-hexosaminidase A activity using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:212-219. [PMID: 37488869 PMCID: PMC10479847 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disorders. These diseases result from a deficiency of lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase A (HexA), which is responsible for GM2 ganglioside degradation. HexA deficiency causes the accumulation of GM2-gangliosides mainly in the nervous system cells, leading to severe progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. To date, there is no treatment for these diseases. Cell-mediated gene therapy is considered a promising treatment for GM2 gangliosidoses. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-HEXA-HEXB) to restore HexA deficiency in Tay-Sachs disease patient cells, as well as to analyze the functionality and biodistribution of MSCs in vivo. The effectiveness of HexA deficiency cross-correction was shown in mutant MSCs upon interaction with MSCs-HEXA-HEXB. The results also showed that the MSCs-HEXA-HEXB express the functionally active HexA enzyme, detectable in vivo, and intravenous injection of the cells does not cause an immune response in animals. These data suggest that genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells have the potentials to treat GM2 gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria S. Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Shaza S. Issa
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aysilu I. Mullagulova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Angelina A. Titova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana O. Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna V. Timofeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Islam R. Nigmetzyanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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7
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Yamamoto S, Masuda T. Lipid in microglial biology - from material to mediator. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:38. [PMID: 37460930 PMCID: PMC10351166 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) that play various roles during brain development and in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Recently, reprogramming of cellular energetic metabolism in microglia has drawn attention as a crucial mechanism for diversification of microglial functionality. Lipids are highly diverse materials and crucial components of cell membranes in every cell. Accumulating evidence has shown that lipid and its metabolism are tightly involved in microglial biology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about microglial lipid metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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8
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Xie H, Lin S, Chen Y, Wang W, Qi Y, Li J, Chen Q, Feng X. A case of Sandhoff disease caused by a novel β-hexosaminidase B (HEXB) mutation c.118delG (p.A40fs*24): A case report from China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33890. [PMID: 37327298 PMCID: PMC10270510 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sandhoff disease (SD, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: 268800) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by variants of the β-hexosaminidase B (HEXB) gene (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: 606873). The HEXB gene has been mapped to chromosome 5q13 and contains 14 exons. The symptoms of SD include progressive weakness, intellectual disability, visual and hearing impairment, exaggerated startle response, and seizures; the patients usually die before the age of 3 years.[1]. CASE SUMMARY We present a case of SD caused by a homozygous frameshift mutation in the HEXB gene, c.118delG (p.A40fs*24). The male child, aged 2 years 7 months, showed movement retrogression with orbital hypertelorism at age 2 years, accompanied by seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed cerebral atrophy and delayed myelination of the white matter of the brain. CONCLUSION A novel homozygous frameshift c.118delG (p.A40fs*24) variant of HEXB has caused SD in the child. The major symptoms are intellectual disability, visual and hearing impairment, and seizures. Investigation will be continued in the future to comprehensively describe the genotype/phenotype and gain information on other associated features to understand the variable expressivity of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangzhu Lin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wanqi Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yangfan Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qiandui Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaochun Feng
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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9
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Bowman FM, Summers SA, Holland WL. Placing a Hex on Glucose Uptake. Diabetes 2023; 72:690-692. [PMID: 37205863 PMCID: PMC10202762 DOI: 10.2337/dbi22-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faith M. Bowman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT
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10
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Guo Z. Ganglioside GM1 and the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119558. [PMID: 37298512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 is one of the major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression level, distribution pattern, and lipid composition are dependent upon cell and tissue type, developmental stage, and disease state, which suggests a potentially broad spectrum of functions of GM1 in various neurological and neuropathological processes. The major focus of this review is the roles that GM1 plays in the development and activities of brains, such as cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, neuroregeneration, signal transducing, memory, and cognition, as well as the molecular basis and mechanisms for these functions. Overall, GM1 is protective for the CNS. Additionally, this review has also examined the relationships between GM1 and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and seizure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, alcohol dependence, etc., and the functional roles and therapeutic applications of GM1 in these disorders. Finally, current obstacles that hinder more in-depth investigations and understanding of GM1 and the future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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11
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Morales C, Fernandez M, Ferrer R, Raimunda D, Carrer DC, Bollo M. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Binds PERK and Ameliorates Neurite Atrophy in a Cellular Model of GM2 Gangliosidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7209. [PMID: 37108372 PMCID: PMC10138647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Unfolded protein response (UPR), triggered by stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a key driver of neurodegenerative diseases. GM2 gangliosidosis, which includes Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, is caused by an accumulation of GM2, mainly in the brain, that leads to progressive neurodegeneration. Previously, we demonstrated in a cellular model of GM2 gangliosidosis that PERK, a UPR sensor, contributes to neuronal death. There is currently no approved treatment for these disorders. Chemical chaperones, such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), have been found to alleviate ER stress in cell and animal models. UDCA's ability to move across the blood-brain barrier makes it interesting as a therapeutic tool. Here, we found that UDCA significantly diminished the neurite atrophy induced by GM2 accumulation in primary neuron cultures. It also decreased the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic CHOP, a downstream PERK-signaling component. To explore its potential mechanisms of action, in vitro kinase assays and crosslinking experiments were performed with different variants of recombinant protein PERK, either in solution or in reconstituted liposomes. The results suggest a direct interaction between UDCA and the cytosolic domain of PERK, which promotes kinase phosphorylation and dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Bollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
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12
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Mignani L, Guerra J, Corli M, Capoferri D, Presta M. Zebra-Sphinx: Modeling Sphingolipidoses in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054747. [PMID: 36902174 PMCID: PMC10002607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are inborn errors of metabolism due to the pathogenic mutation of genes that encode for lysosomal enzymes, transporters, or enzyme cofactors that participate in the sphingolipid catabolism. They represent a subgroup of lysosomal storage diseases characterized by the gradual lysosomal accumulation of the substrate(s) of the defective proteins. The clinical presentation of patients affected by sphingolipid storage disorders ranges from a mild progression for some juvenile- or adult-onset forms to severe/fatal infantile forms. Despite significant therapeutic achievements, novel strategies are required at basic, clinical, and translational levels to improve patient outcomes. On these bases, the development of in vivo models is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses and for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies. The teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a useful platform to model several human genetic diseases owing to the high grade of genome conservation between human and zebrafish, combined with precise genome editing and the ease of manipulation. In addition, lipidomic studies have allowed the identification in zebrafish of all of the main classes of lipids present in mammals, supporting the possibility to model diseases of the lipidic metabolism in this animal species with the advantage of using mammalian lipid databases for data processing. This review highlights the use of zebrafish as an innovative model system to gain novel insights into the pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses, with possible implications for the identification of more efficacious therapeutic approaches.
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13
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Suteanu-Simulescu A, Sarbu M, Ica R, Petrica L, Zamfir AD. Ganglioside analysis in body fluids by liquid-phase separation techniques hyphenated to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:501-520. [PMID: 36416190 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of gangliosides in central nervous system is a few times higher than in the extraneural tissue, a characteristic highlighting their major role at this level. Although in very low amounts, gangliosides are ubiquitously distributed in body fluids too, where, depending on many factors, including pathological states, their composition fluctuates, thus having diagnostic value. Ganglioside investigation in biological fluids, which, except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), may be sampled noninvasively, was for years impeded by the limited sensitivity of the analytical instrumentation available in glycomics. However, because the last decade has witnessed significant developments in biological mass spectrometry (MS) and the hyphenated separation techniques, marked by a major increase in sensitivity, reproducibility, and data reliability, ganglioside research started to be focused on biofluid analysis by separation techniques coupled to MS. In this context, our review presents the achievements in this emerging field of gangliosidomics, with a particular emphasis on modern liquid chromatography (LC), thin-layer chromatography, hydrophilic interaction LC, and ion mobility separation coupled to high-performance MS, as well as the results generated by these systems and allied experimental procedures in profiling and structural analysis of gangliosides in healthy or diseased body fluids, such as CSF, plasma/serum, and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Ica
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Physics, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.,Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Diana Zamfir
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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14
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Zandl-Lang M, Plecko B, Köfeler H. Lipidomics-Paving the Road towards Better Insight and Precision Medicine in Rare Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021709. [PMID: 36675224 PMCID: PMC9866746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has significantly facilitated the identification of disease-associated mutations, the diagnostic rate of rare diseases is still below 50%. This causes a diagnostic odyssey and prevents specific treatment, as well as genetic counseling for further family planning. Increasing the diagnostic rate and reducing the time to diagnosis in children with unclear disease are crucial for a better patient outcome and improvement of quality of life. In many cases, NGS reveals variants of unknown significance (VUS) that need further investigations. The delineation of novel (lipid) biomarkers is not only crucial to prove the pathogenicity of VUS, but provides surrogate parameters for the monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic interventions. Lipids are essential organic compounds in living organisms, serving as building blocks for cellular membranes, energy storage and signaling molecules. Among other disorders, an imbalance in lipid homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, vascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, analyzing lipids in biological samples provides great insight into the underlying functional role of lipids in healthy and disease statuses. The method of choice for lipid analysis and/or huge assemblies of lipids (=lipidome) is mass spectrometry due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Due to the inherent chemical complexity of the lipidome and the consequent challenges associated with analyzing it, progress in the field of lipidomics has lagged behind other omics disciplines. However, compared to the previous decade, the output of publications on lipidomics has increased more than 17-fold within the last decade and has, therefore, become one of the fastest-growing research fields. Combining multiple omics approaches will provide a unique and efficient tool for determining pathogenicity of VUS at the functional level, and thereby identifying rare, as well as novel, genetic disorders by molecular techniques and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zandl-Lang
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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15
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Kido J, Sugawara K, Nakamura K. Gene therapy for lysosomal storage diseases: Current clinical trial prospects. Front Genet 2023; 14:1064924. [PMID: 36713078 PMCID: PMC9880060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1064924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of metabolic inborn errors caused by defective enzymes in the lysosome, resulting in the accumulation of undegraded substrates. LSDs are progressive diseases that exhibit variable rates of progression depending on the disease and the patient. The availability of effective treatment options, including substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperone therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, and bone marrow transplantation, has increased survival time and improved the quality of life in many patients with LSDs. However, these therapies are not sufficiently effective, especially against central nerve system abnormalities and corresponding neurological and psychiatric symptoms because of the blood-brain barrier that prevents the entry of drugs into the brain or limiting features of specific treatments. Gene therapy is a promising tool for the treatment of neurological pathologies associated with LSDs. Here, we review the current state of gene therapy for several LSDs for which clinical trials have been conducted or are planned. Several clinical trials using gene therapy for LSDs are underway as phase 1/2 studies; no adverse events have not been reported in most of these studies. The administration of viral vectors has achieved good therapeutic outcomes in animal models of LSDs, and subsequent human clinical trials are expected to promote the practical application of gene therapy for LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Jun Kido,
| | - Keishin Sugawara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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16
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Kasper BS, Thomas C, Albers A, Kasper EM, Sandhoff K. From amaurotic idiocy to biochemically defined lipid storage diseases: the first identification of GM1-Gangliosidosis. FREE NEUROPATHOLOGY 2023; 4:4-12. [PMID: 37577107 PMCID: PMC10413987 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2023-4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
On February 23rd 1936, a boy-child ("Kn") died in an asylum near Munich after years of severe congenital disease, which had profoundly impaired his development leading to inability to walk, talk and see as well as to severe epilepsy. While a diagnosis of "Little's disease" was made during life, his postmortem brain investigation at Munich neuropathology ("Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie") revealed the diagnosis of "amaurotic idiocy" (AI). AI, as exemplified by Tay-Sachs-Disease (TSD), back then was not yet understood as a specific inborn error of metabolism encompassing several disease entities. Many neuropathological studies were performed on AI, but the underlying processes could only be revealed by new scientific techniques such as biochemical analysis of nervous tissue, deciphering AI as nervous system lipid storage diseases, e.g. GM2-gangliosidosis. In 1963, Sandhoff & Jatzkewitz published an article on a "biochemically special form of AI" reporting striking differences when comparing their biochemical observations of hallmark features of TSD to tissue composition in a single case: the boy Kn. This was the first description of "GM1-Gangliosidosis", later understood as resulting from genetically determined deficiency in beta-galactosidase. Here we present illustrative materials from this historic patient, including selected diagnostic slides from the case "Kn" in virtual microscopy, original records and other illustrative material available. Finally, we present results from genetic analysis performed on archived tissue proving beta-galactosidase-gene mutation, verifying the 1963 interpretation as correct. This synopsis shall give a first-hand impression of this milestone finding in neuropathology. Original paper: On a biochemically special form of infantile amaurotic idiocy. Jatzkewitz H., Sandhoff K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1963; 70; 354-356. See supplement 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard S Kasper
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital, Dept. Neurology; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Albers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ekkehard M Kasper
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Biochemistry Unit, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Neuronal Ganglioside and Glycosphingolipid (GSL) Metabolism and Disease : Cascades of Secondary Metabolic Errors Can Generate Complex Pathologies (in LSDs). ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:333-390. [PMID: 36255681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a diverse group of membrane components occurring mainly on the surfaces of mammalian cells. They and their metabolites have a role in intercellular communication, serving as versatile biochemical signals (Kaltner et al, Biochem J 476(18):2623-2655, 2019) and in many cellular pathways. Anionic GSLs, the sialic acid containing gangliosides (GGs), are essential constituents of neuronal cell surfaces, whereas anionic sulfatides are key components of myelin and myelin forming oligodendrocytes. The stepwise biosynthetic pathways of GSLs occur at and lead along the membranes of organellar surfaces of the secretory pathway. After formation of the hydrophobic ceramide membrane anchor of GSLs at the ER, membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the Golgi and Trans-Golgi network generate cell type-specific GSL patterns for cellular surfaces. GSLs of the cellular plasma membrane can reach intra-lysosomal, i.e. luminal, vesicles (ILVs) by endocytic pathways for degradation. Soluble glycoproteins, the glycosidases, lipid binding and transfer proteins and acid ceramidase are needed for the lysosomal catabolism of GSLs at ILV-membrane surfaces. Inherited mutations triggering a functional loss of glycosylated lysosomal hydrolases and lipid binding proteins involved in GSL degradation cause a primary lysosomal accumulation of their non-degradable GSL substrates in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lipid binding proteins, the SAPs, and the various lipids of the ILV-membranes regulate GSL catabolism, but also primary storage compounds such as sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol.), or chondroitin sulfate can effectively inhibit catabolic lysosomal pathways of GSLs. This causes cascades of metabolic errors, accumulating secondary lysosomal GSL- and GG- storage that can trigger a complex pathology (Breiden and Sandhoff, Int J Mol Sci 21(7):2566, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES, c/o Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Krasnobaev VD, Batishchev OV. The Role of Lipid Domains and Physical Properties of Membranes in the Development of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s199074782209001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Ries M, Mendoza G, Arash-Kaps L, Amraoui Y, Quack F, Hardt B, Diederich S, Beck M, Mengel E. Quantitative longitudinal natural history of 8 gangliosidoses-conceptual framework and baseline data of the German 8-in-1 disease registry. A cross-sectional analysis. Genet Med 2022; 24:2434-2443. [PMID: 36194207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gangliosidoses are a group of inherited neurogenetic autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders usually presenting with progressive macrocephaly, developmental delay, and regression, leading to significant morbidity and premature death. A quantitative definition of the natural history would support and enable clinical development of specific therapies. METHODS Single disease registry of 8 gangliosidoses (NCT04624789). Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data in N = 26 patients. Primary end point: disease severity assessed by the 8-in-1 score. Secondary end points: first neurologic sign or symptom observed (1) by parents and (2) by physicians, diagnostic delay, as well as phenotypical characterization. Tertiary end points: neurologic outcomes (development, ataxia, dexterity) and disability. RESULTS The 8-in-1 score quantitatively captured severity of disease. Parents recognized initial manifestations (startle reactions) earlier than physicians (motor developmental delay and hypotonia). Median diagnostic delay was 3.16 (interquartile range 0.69-6.25) years. In total, 8 patients presented with late-infantile phenotypes. CONCLUSION Data in this registry raise awareness of these rare and fatal conditions to accelerate diagnosis, inform counseling of afflicted families, define quantitative end points for clinical trials, and can serve as historical controls for future therapeutic studies. We provide further insight into the rare late-infantile phenotype for GM2-gangliosidosis. Longitudinal follow up is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ries
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Rare Disorders, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Virtual Patients, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Grecia Mendoza
- SphinCS - Institute for Clinical Research in Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Laila Arash-Kaps
- SphinCS - Institute for Clinical Research in Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Yasmina Amraoui
- SphinCS - Institute for Clinical Research in Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Folker Quack
- Hand in Hand against Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease in Germany, Höchberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Hardt
- Hand in Hand against Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease in Germany, Höchberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Diederich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Beck
- SphinCS - Institute for Clinical Research in Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Eugen Mengel
- SphinCS - Institute for Clinical Research in Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Hochheim, Germany
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20
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Ishitsuka Y, Irie T, Matsuo M. Cyclodextrins applied to the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114617. [PMID: 36356931 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide, is a pharmaceutical additive that improves the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Recent research has focused on the potential active pharmaceutical abilities of CD. Lysosomal storage diseases are inherited metabolic diseases characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and abnormal lipid storage. Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is caused by mutations in cholesterol transporter genes (NPC1, NPC2) and is characterized by cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. A biocompatible cholesterol solubilizer 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was recently used in NPC patients for compassionate use and in clinical trials. HP-β-CD is an attractive drug candidate for NPC; however, its adverse effects, such as ototoxicity, should be solved. In this review, we discuss the current use of HP-β-CD in basic and clinical research and discuss alternative CD derivatives that may outperform HP-β-CD, which should be considered for clinical use. The potential of CD therapy for the treatment of other lysosomal storage diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Ishitsuka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Tetsumi Irie
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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21
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Gene Expression Profile in the Sandhoff Mouse Brain with Progression of Age. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112020. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the family of diseases called GM2 Gangliosidosis. There is no curative treatment of SD. The molecular pathogenesis of SD is still unclear though it is clear that the pathology initiates with the build-up of ganglioside followed by microglial activation, inflammation, demyelination and apoptosis, leading to massive neuronal loss. In this article, we explored the expression profile of selected immune and myelination associated transcripts (Wfdc17, Ccl3, Lyz2, Fa2h, Mog and Ugt8a) at 5-, 10- and 16-weeks, representing young, pre-symptomatic and late stages of the SD mice. We found that immune system related genes (Wfdc17, Ccl3, Lyz2) are significantly upregulated by several fold at all ages in Hexb-KO mice relative to Hexb-het mice, while the difference in the expression levels of myelination related genes is not statistically significant. There is an age-dependent significant increase in expression of microglial/pro-inflammatory genes, from 5-weeks to the near humane end-point, i.e., 16-week time point; while the expression of those genes involved in myelination decreases slightly or remains unchanged. Future studies warrant use of new high-throughput gene expression modalities (such as 10X genomics) to delineate the underlying pathogenesis in SD by detecting gene expression changes in specific neuronal cell types and thus, paving the way for rational and precise therapeutic modalities.
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22
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McGonigal R, Willison HJ. The role of gangliosides in the organisation of the node of Ranvier examined in glycosyltransferase transgenic mice. J Anat 2022; 241:1259-1271. [PMID: 34605014 PMCID: PMC9558150 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a family of sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids highly enriched in plasma membranes of the vertebrate nervous system. They are functionally diverse in modulating nervous system integrity, notably at the node of Ranvier, and also act as receptors for many ligands including toxins and autoantibodies. They are synthesised in a stepwise manner by groups of glycosyl- and sialyltransferases in a developmentally and tissue regulated manner. In this review, we summarise and discuss data derived from transgenic mice with different transferase deficiencies that have been used to determine the role of glycolipids in the organisation of the node of Ranvier. Understanding their role at this specialised functional site is crucial to determining differential pathophysiology following directed genetic or autoimmune injury to peripheral nerve nodal or paranodal domains, and revealing the downstream consequences of axo-glial disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Hugh J. Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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23
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Njume FN, Razzauti A, Soler M, Perschin V, Fazeli G, Bourez A, Delporte C, Ghogomu SM, Poelvoorde P, Pichard S, Birck C, Poterszman A, Souopgui J, Van Antwerpen P, Stigloher C, Vanhamme L, Laurent P. A lipid transfer protein ensures nematode cuticular impermeability. iScience 2022; 25:105357. [PMID: 36339267 PMCID: PMC9626681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle of C. elegans is impermeable to chemicals, toxins, and pathogens. However, increased permeability is a desirable phenotype because it facilitates chemical uptake. Surface lipids contribute to the permeability barrier. Here, we identify the lipid transfer protein GMAP-1 as a critical element setting the permeability of the C. elegans cuticle. A gmap-1 deletion mutant increases cuticular permeability to sodium azide, levamisole, Hoechst, and DiI. Expressing GMAP-1 in the hypodermis or transiently in the adults is sufficient to rescue this gmap-1 permeability phenotype. GMAP-1 protein is secreted from the hypodermis to the aqueous fluid filling the space between collagen fibers of the cuticle. In vitro, GMAP-1 protein binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine while in vivo, GMAP-1 sets the surface lipid composition and organization. Altogether, our results suggest GMAP-1 secreted by hypodermis shuttles lipids to the surface to form the permeability barrier of C. elegans. GMAP-1 is secreted by the hypodermis toward the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans GMAP-1 binds and shuttle phosphoglycerides GMAP-1 sets the lipid composition of the cuticle While healthy, gmap-1 mutant displays high cuticular permeability
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Ngale Njume
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adria Razzauti
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Miguel Soler
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Veronika Perschin
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Fazeli
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axelle Bourez
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cedric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stephen M. Ghogomu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simon Pichard
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Birck
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Laurent
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Corresponding author
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24
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Heinl ES, Lorenz S, Schmidt B, Nasser M Laqtom N, Mazzulli JR, Francelle L, Yu TW, Greenberg B, Storch S, Tegtmeier I, Othmen H, Maurer K, Steinfurth M, Witzgall R, Milenkovic V, Wetzel CH, Reichold M. CLN7/MFSD8 may be an important factor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. iScience 2022; 25:105082. [PMID: 36093380 PMCID: PMC9444308 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has triggered a worldwide pandemic. According to the BioGrid database, CLN7 (MFSD8) is thought to interact with several viral proteins. The aim of this work was to investigate a possible involvement of CLN7 in the infection process. Experiments on a CLN7-deficient HEK293T cell line exhibited a 90% reduced viral load compared to wild-type cells. This observation may be linked to the finding that CLN7 ko cells have a significantly reduced GM1 content in their cell membrane. GM1 is found highly enriched in lipid rafts, which are thought to play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, overexpression of CLN7 led to an increase in viral load. This study provides evidence that CLN7 is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This makes it a potential pharmacological target for drug development against COVID-19. Furthermore, it provides insights into the physiological function of CLN7 where still only little is known about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Sofia Heinl
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lorenz
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nouf Nasser M Laqtom
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph R. Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laetitia Francelle
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy W. Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephan Storch
- Children’s Hospital Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Tegtmeier
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helga Othmen
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Maurer
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Malin Steinfurth
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichold
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Hocquemiller M, Giersch L, Mei X, Gross AL, Randle AN, Gray-Edwards HL, Hudson JA, Todeasa S, Stoica L, Martin DR, Sena-Esteves M, Aiach K, Laufer R. AAVrh10 vector corrects pathology in animal models of GM1 gangliosidosis and achieves widespread distribution in the CNS of nonhuman primates. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:281-292. [PMID: 36320411 PMCID: PMC9594110 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the GLB1 gene, which encodes the lysosomal hydrolase acid β-galactosidase (β-gal). β-gal deficiency leads to toxic accumulation of GM1 ganglioside, predominantly in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in progressive neurodegeneration. LYS-GM101 is an AAVrh.10-based gene therapy vector carrying the human GLB1 cDNA. The efficacy of intra-cerebrospinal fluid injection of LYS-GM101 analogs was demonstrated in GM1 mouse and cat models with widespread diffusion of β-gal and correction of GM1 ganglioside accumulation in the CNS without observable adverse effects. Clinical dose selection was performed, based on a good-laboratory-practice study, in nonhuman primates (NHPs) using the clinical LYS-GM101 vector. A broadly distributed increase of β-gal activity was observed in NHP brain 3 months after intra-cisterna magna injection of LYS-GM101 at 1.0 × 1012 vg/mL CSF and 4.0 × 1012 vg/mL CSF, with 20% and 60% increases compared with vehicle-treated animals, respectively. Histopathologic examination revealed asymptomatic adverse changes in the sensory pathways of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in both sexes and at both doses. Taken as a whole, these pre-clinical data support the initiation of a clinical study with LYS-GM101 for the treatment of GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Hocquemiller
- Lysogene, 18–20 rue Jacques Dulud, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France,Corresponding author Michaël Hocquemiller, Lysogene, 18–20 rue Jacques Dulud, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Laura Giersch
- Lysogene, 18–20 rue Jacques Dulud, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Xin Mei
- Lysogene, 18–20 rue Jacques Dulud, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Amanda L. Gross
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ashley N. Randle
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Heather L. Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Judith A. Hudson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sophia Todeasa
- Department of Neurology, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lorelei Stoica
- Department of Neurology, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Douglas R. Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karen Aiach
- Lysogene, 18–20 rue Jacques Dulud, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Ralph Laufer
- Lysogene, 18–20 rue Jacques Dulud, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France,Corresponding author Ralph Laufer, Lysogene, 18–20 rue Jacques Dulud, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
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26
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Aberrant Ganglioside Functions to Underpin Dysregulated Myelination, Insulin Signalling, and Cytokine Expression: Is There a Link and a Room for Therapy? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101434. [PMID: 36291644 PMCID: PMC9599472 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are molecules widely present in the plasma membranes of mammalian cells, participating in a variety of processes, including protein organization, transmembrane signalling and cell adhesion. Gangliosides are abundant in the grey matter of the brain, where they are critically involved in postnatal neural development and function. The common precursor of the majority of brain gangliosides, GM3, is formed by the sialylation of lactosylceramide, and four derivatives of its a- and b-series, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b, constitute 95% of all the brain gangliosides. Impairments in ganglioside metabolism due to genetic abnormalities of GM-synthases are associated with severe neurological disorders. Apart from that, the latest genome-wide association and translational studies suggest a role of genes involved in brain ganglioside synthesis in less pervasive psychiatric disorders. Remarkably, the most recent animal studies showed that abnormal ganglioside functions result in dysregulated neuroinflammation, aberrant myelination and altered insulin receptor signalling. At the same time, these molecular features are well established as accompanying developmental psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This led us to hypothesize a role of deficient ganglioside function in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders and warrants further gene association clinical studies addressing this question. Here, we critically review the literature to discuss this hypothesis and focus on the recent studies on ST3GAL5-deficient mice. In addition, we elaborate on the therapeutic potential of various anti-inflammatory remedies for treatment of developmental neuropsychiatric conditions related to aberrant ganglioside functions.
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27
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Ganne B, Dauriat B, Richard L, Lamari F, Ghorab K, Magy L, Benkirane M, Perani A, Marquet V, Calvas P, Yardin C, Bourthoumieu S. GM2 gangliosidosis AB variant: first case of late onset and review of the literature. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6517-6527. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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28
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Abulikemu A, Zhao X, Qi Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhou W, Duan H, Li Y, Sun Z, Guo C. Lysosomal impairment-mediated autophagy dysfunction responsible for the vascular endothelial apoptosis caused by silica nanoparticle via ROS/PARP1/AIF signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119202. [PMID: 35358632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with cells is crucial to the nanotoxicological research. Evidences suggested lysosomes as a vital target upon the accumulation of internalized NPs, and lysosomal damage and autophagy dysfunction are emerging molecular mechanisms for NPs-elicited toxicity. Nevertheless, the interaction with lysosomes, ensuing adverse effects and the underlying mechanisms are still largely obscure, especially in NPs-induced vascular toxicity. In this study, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were utilized to explore the adverse effects on lysosome in vascular endothelial cells by using in vitro cultured human endothelial cells (HUVECs), and in-depth investigated the mechanisms involved. Consequently, the internalized SiNPs accumulated explicitly in the lysosomes, and caused lysosomal dysfunction, which were prominent on the increased lysosomal membrane permeability, decline in lysosomal quantity, destruction of acidic environment of lysosome, and also disruption of lysosomal enzymes activities, resulting in autophagy flux blockage and autophagy dysfunction. More importantly, mechanistic results revealed the SiNPs-caused lysosomal impairments and resultant autophagy dysfunction could promote oxidative stress, DNA damage and the eventual cell apoptosis activated by ROS/PARP1/AIF signaling pathway. These findings improved the understanding of SiNPs-induced vascular injury, and may provide novel information and warnings for SiNPs applications in the fields of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimire Abulikemu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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29
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Koya Kutty S, Magrinelli F, Milner AV, Bhatia KP. Abnormal
DaTscan
in
GM1
‐gangliosidosis type
III
manifesting with dystonia‐parkinsonism. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:825-828. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahedah Koya Kutty
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Anna Vera Milner
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P. Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
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30
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Sala D, Ornaghi F, Morena F, Argentati C, Valsecchi M, Alberizzi V, Di Guardo R, Bolino A, Aureli M, Martino S, Gritti A. Therapeutic advantages of combined gene/cell therapy strategies in a murine model of GM2 gangliosidosis. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:170-189. [PMID: 35434178 PMCID: PMC8983315 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deficiency of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex) functionality leads to accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease (SD), which presently lack approved therapies. Current experimental gene therapy (GT) approaches with adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) still pose safety and efficacy issues, supporting the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Here we leveraged the lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated intracerebral (IC) GT platform to deliver Hex genes to the CNS and combined this strategy with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to provide a timely, pervasive, and long-lasting source of the Hex enzyme in the CNS and periphery of SD mice. Combined therapy outperformed individual treatments in terms of lifespan extension and normalization of the neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative phenotypes of SD mice. These benefits correlated with a time-dependent increase in Hex activity and a remarkable reduction in GM2 storage in brain tissues that single treatments failed to achieve. Our results highlight the synergic mode of action of LV-mediated IC GT and BMT, clarify the contribution of treatments to the therapeutic outcome, and inform on the realistic threshold of corrective enzymatic activity. These results have important implications for interpretation of ongoing experimental therapies and for design of more effective treatment strategies for GM2 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ornaghi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Manuela Valsecchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Valeria Alberizzi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, INSPE, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Guardo
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, INSPE, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, INSPE, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Wu YZ, Jiang HS, Han HF, Li PH, Lu MR, Tsai IJ, Wu YC. C. elegans BLMP-1 controls apical epidermal cell morphology by repressing expression of mannosyltransferase bus-8 and molting signal mlt-8. Dev Biol 2022; 486:96-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Calzoni E, Cesaretti A, Montegiove N, Di Michele A, Pellegrino RM, Emiliani C. HexA-Enzyme Coated Polymer Nanoparticles for the Development of a Drug-Delivery System in the Treatment of Sandhoff Lysosomal Storage Disease. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020037. [PMID: 35466219 PMCID: PMC9036261 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a set of metabolic diseases caused by mutations in genes that are in charge of the production of lysosomal enzymes, resulting in the buildup of non-degraded substrates and the consequent systemic damage that mainly involves the Central Nervous System (CNS). One of the most widely used and studied treatments is Enzyme Replacement Therapy, which is based on the administration of the recombinant deficient enzyme. This strategy has often proved fallacious due to the enzyme instability in body fluids and its inability to reach adequate levels in the CNS. In this work, we developed a system based on nanotechnology that allows a stable enzyme to be obtained by its covalent immobilization on nanoparticles (NPs) of polylactic acid, subsequently administered to a cellular model of LSDs, i.e., Sandhoff disease, caused by the absence or deficiency of the β-d-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme. The HexA enzymes, loaded onto the polymeric NPs through an immobilization procedure that has already been investigated and validated, were found to be stable over time, maintain optimal kinetic parameters, be able to permeate the plasma membrane, hydrolyze HexA’s natural substrate, and restore enzyme activity close to the levels of healthy cells. These results thus lay the foundation for testing the HexA-NPs in animal models of the disease and thus obtaining an efficient drug-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (R.M.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (R.M.P.); (C.E.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7436
| | - Nicolò Montegiove
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (R.M.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (R.M.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (R.M.P.); (C.E.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Brodsky VY. Gangliosides in Orchestration of Intercellular Communication, Development, Neuronal Pathology and Carcinogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Increased phosphorylation of HexM improves lysosomal uptake and potential for managing GM2 gangliosidoses. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100032. [PMID: 37082581 PMCID: PMC10074939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases are genetic disorders resulting from mutations in HEXA or HEXB, which code for the α- and β-subunits of the heterodimer β-hexosaminidase A (HexA), respectively. Loss of HexA activity results in the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside (GM2) in neuronal lysosomes, culminating in neurodegeneration and death, often by age 4. Previously, we combined critical features of the α- and β-subunits of HexA into a single subunit to create a homodimeric enzyme known as HexM. HexM is twice as active as HexA and degrades GM2 in vivo, making it a candidate for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Here we show HexM production is scalable to meet ERT requirements and we describe an approach that enhances its cellular uptake via co-expression with an engineered GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase that highly phosphorylates lysosomal proteins. Further, we developed a HexA overexpression system and functionally compared the recombinant enzyme to HexM, revealing the kinetic differences between the enzymes. This study further advances HexM as an ERT candidate and provides a convenient system to produce HexA for comparative studies.
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Zhou H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wu Q, Hu M, Ma S, Zhou M, Sun Y, Yu B, Ye J, Jiang W, Fu Z, Gong Y. Rare Diseases in Glycosphingolipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:189-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Lewandowski D, Sander CL, Tworak A, Gao F, Xu Q, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Dynamic lipid turnover in photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium throughout life. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101037. [PMID: 34971765 PMCID: PMC10361839 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium-photoreceptor interphase is renewed each day in a stunning display of cellular interdependence. While photoreceptors use photosensitive pigments to convert light into electrical signals, the RPE supports photoreceptors in their function by phagocytizing shed photoreceptor tips, regulating the blood retina barrier, and modulating inflammatory responses, as well as regenerating the 11-cis-retinal chromophore via the classical visual cycle. These processes involve multiple protein complexes, tightly regulated ligand-receptors interactions, and a plethora of lipids and protein-lipids interactions. The role of lipids in maintaining a healthy interplay between the RPE and photoreceptors has not been fully delineated. In recent years, novel technologies have resulted in major advancements in understanding several facets of this interplay, including the involvement of lipids in phagocytosis and phagolysosome function, nutrient recycling, and the metabolic dependence between the two cell types. In this review, we aim to integrate the complex role of lipids in photoreceptor and RPE function, emphasizing the dynamic exchange between the cells as well as discuss how these processes are affected in aging and retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lewandowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L Sander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aleksander Tworak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qianlan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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37
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Huang B, Zdora I, de Buhr N, Eikelberg D, Baumgärtner W, Leitzen E. Phenotypical changes of satellite glial cells in a murine model of G M1 -gangliosidosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:527-539. [PMID: 34877779 PMCID: PMC8743646 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) react in response to various injuries in the nervous system. This study investigates reactive changes within SGCs in a murine model for GM1‐gangliosidosis (GM1). DRG of homozygous β‐galactosidase‐knockout mice and homozygous C57BL/6 wild‐type mice were investigated performing immunostaining on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. A marked upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the progenitor marker nestin and Ki67 within SGCs of diseased mice, starting after 4 months at the earliest GFAP, along with intracytoplasmic accumulation of ganglioside within neurons and deterioration of clinical signs was identified. Interestingly, nestin‐positive SGCs were detected after 8 months only. No changes regarding inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1, 2, 3‐cyclic nucleotide 3‐phosphodiesterase, Sox2, doublecortin, periaxin and caspase3 were observed in SGCs. Iba1 was only detected in close vicinity of SGCs indicating infiltrating or tissue‐resident macrophages. These results indicate that SGCs of DRG show phenotypical changes during the course of GM1, characterized by GFAP upregulation, proliferation and expression of a neural progenitor marker at a late time point. This points towards an important role of SGCs during neurodegenerative disorders and supports that SGCs represent a multipotent glial precursor cell line with high plasticity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Deborah Eikelberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Benchoua A, Lasbareilles M, Tournois J. Contribution of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123290. [PMID: 34943799 PMCID: PMC8699352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles to the identification of therapeutic interventions for central nervous system disorders has been the difficulty in studying the step-by-step progression of diseases in neuronal networks that are amenable to drug screening. Recent advances in the field of human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) biology offers the capability to create patient-specific human neurons with defined clinical profiles using reprogramming technology, which provides unprecedented opportunities for both the investigation of pathogenic mechanisms of brain disorders and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies via drug screening. Many examples not only of the creation of human pluripotent stem cells as models of monogenic neurological disorders, but also of more challenging cases of complex multifactorial disorders now exist. Here, we review the state-of-the art brain cell types obtainable from PSCs and amenable to compound-screening formats. We then provide examples illustrating how these models contribute to the definition of new molecular or functional targets for drug discovery and to the design of novel pharmacological approaches for rare genetic disorders, as well as frequent neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Benchoua
- Neuroplasticity and Therapeutics, CECS, I-STEM, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France;
- High Throughput Screening Platform, CECS, I-STEM, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Lasbareilles
- Neuroplasticity and Therapeutics, CECS, I-STEM, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France;
- UEVE UMR 861, I-STEM, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Johana Tournois
- High Throughput Screening Platform, CECS, I-STEM, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France;
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39
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Studying Independent Kcna6 Knock-out Mice Reveals Toxicity of Exogenous LacZ to Central Nociceptor Terminals and Differential Effects of Kv1.6 on Acute and Neuropathic Pain Sensation. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9141-9162. [PMID: 34544832 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0187-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potassium channel Kv1.6 has recently been implicated as a major modulatory channel subunit expressed in primary nociceptors. Furthermore, its expression at juxtaparanodes of myelinated primary afferents is induced following traumatic nerve injury as part of an endogenous mechanism to reduce hyperexcitability and pain-related hypersensitivity. In this study, we compared two mouse models of constitutive Kv1.6 knock-out (KO) achieved by different methods: traditional gene trap via homologous recombination and CRISPR-mediated excision. Both Kv1.6 KO mouse lines exhibited an unexpected reduction in sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli, to differing extents: the Kv1.6 mice produced via gene trap had a far more significant hyposensitivity. These mice (Kcna6lacZ ) expressed the bacterial reporter enzyme LacZ in place of Kv1.6 as a result of the gene trap mechanism, and we found that their central primary afferent presynaptic terminals developed a striking neurodegenerative phenotype involving accumulation of lipid species, development of "meganeurites," and impaired transmission to dorsal horn wide dynamic range neurons. The anatomic defects were absent in CRISPR-mediated Kv1.6 KO mice (Kcna6 -/-) but were present in a third mouse model expressing exogenous LacZ in nociceptors under the control of a Nav1.8-promoted Cre recombinase. LacZ reporter enzymes are thus intrinsically neurotoxic to sensory neurons and may induce pathologic defects in transgenic mice, which has confounding implications for the interpretation of gene KOs using lacZ Nonetheless, in Kcna6 -/- mice not affected by LacZ, we demonstrated a significant role for Kv1.6 regulating acute noxious thermal sensitivity, and both mechanical and thermal pain-related hypersensitivity after nerve injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In recent decades, the expansion of technologies to experimentally manipulate the rodent genome has contributed significantly to the field of neuroscience. While introduction of enzymatic or fluorescent reporter proteins to label neuronal populations is now commonplace, often potential toxicity effects are not fully considered. We show a role of Kv1.6 in acute and neuropathic pain states through analysis of two mouse models lacking Kv1.6 potassium channels: one with additional expression of LacZ and one without. We show that LacZ reporter enzymes induce unintended defects in sensory neurons, with an impact on behavioral data outcomes. To summarize we highlight the importance of Kv1.6 in recovery of normal sensory function following nerve injury, and careful interpretation of data from LacZ reporter models.
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40
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Sialidase neu4 deficiency is associated with neuroinflammation in mice. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:649-667. [PMID: 34686927 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases catalyze the removal of sialic acid residues from glycoproteins, oligosaccharides, and sialylated glycolipids. Sialidase Neu4 is in the lysosome and has broad substrate specificity. Previously generated Neu4-/- mice were viable, fertile and lacked gross morphological abnormalities, but displayed a marked vacuolization and lysosomal storage in lung and spleen cells. In addition, we showed that there is an increased level of GD1a ganglioside and a markedly decreased level of GM1 ganglioside in the brain of Neu4-/- mice. In this study, we further explored whether sialidase Neu4 deficiency causes neuroinflammation. We demostrated that elevated level of GD1a and GT1b is associated with an increased level of LAMP1-positive lysosomal vesicles and Tunel-positive neurons correlated with alterations in the expression of cytokines and chemokines in adult Neu4-/- mice. Astrogliosis and microgliosis were also significantly enhanced in the hippocampus, and cerebellum. These changes in brain immunity were accompanied by motor impairment in these mice. Our results indicate that sialidase Neu4 is a novel mediator of an inflammatory response in the mouse brain due to the altered catabolism of gangliosides.
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41
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Osmon KJ, Thompson P, Woodley E, Karumuthil-Melethil S, Heindel C, Keimel JG, Kaemmerer WF, Gray SJ, Walia JS. Treatment of GM2 Gangliosidosis in Adult Sandhoff Mice using an Intravenous Self-Complementary Hexosaminidase Vector. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:262-276. [PMID: 34530708 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210916153051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GM2 gangliosidosis is a neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of β-hexosaminidase A enzyme (HexA), an α/β-subunit heterodimer. A novel variant of the human hexosaminidase α-subunit, coded by HEXM, has previously been shown to form a stable homodimer, HexM, that hydrolyzes GM2 gangliosides (GM2) in vivo. MATERIALS & METHODS The current study assessed the efficacy of intravenous (IV) delivery of a self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (scAAV9) vector incorporating the HEXM transgene, scAAV9/HEXM, including the outcomes based on the dosages provided to the Sandhoff (SD) mice. Six-week-old SD mice were injected with either 2.5E+12 vector genomes (low dose, LD) or 1.0E+13 vg (high dose, HD). We hypothesized that when examining the dosage comparison for scAAV9/HEXM in adult SD mice, the HD group would have more beneficial outcomes than the LD cohort. Assessments included survival, behavioral outcomes, vector biodistribution, and enzyme activity within the central nervous system. RESULTS Toxicity was observed in the HD cohort, with 8 of 14 mice dying within one month of the injection. As compared to untreated SD mice, which have typical survival of 16 weeks, the LD cohort and the remaining HD mice had a significant survival benefit with an average/median survival of 40.6/34.5 and 55.9/56.7 weeks, respectively. Significant behavioral, biochemical and molecular benefits were also observed. The second aim of the study was to investigate the effects of IV mannitol infusions on the biodistribution of the LD scAAV9/HEXM vector and the survival of the SD mice. Increases in both the biodistribution of the vector as well as the survival benefit (average/median of 41.6/49.3 weeks) were observed. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the potential benefit and critical limitations of the treatment of GM2 gangliosidosis using IV delivered AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlaina Jl Osmon
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Canada
| | - Patrick Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Canada
| | - Evan Woodley
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Canada
| | | | - Cliff Heindel
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. United States
| | - John G Keimel
- New Hope Research Foundation, North Oaks, Minnesota. United States
| | | | - Steven J Gray
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. United States
| | - Jagdeep S Walia
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Canada
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Abstract
Lipids are natural substances found in all living organisms and involved in many biological functions. Imbalances in the lipid metabolism are linked to various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Lipids comprise thousands of chemically distinct species making them a challenge to analyze because of their great structural diversity.Thanks to the technological improvements in the fields of chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics over the last years, it is now possible to perform global lipidomics analyses, allowing the concomitant detection, identification, and relative quantification of hundreds of lipid species. This review shall provide an insight into a general lipidomics workflow and its application in metabolic biomarker research.
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43
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Backman APE, Mattjus P. Who moves the sphinx? An overview of intracellular sphingolipid transport. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159021. [PMID: 34339859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers function as boundaries that enclose their content from the surrounding media, and the composition of different membrane types is accurately and dynamically tailored so that they can perform their function. To achieve this balance, lipid biosynthetic machinery and lipid trafficking events are intertwined into an elegant network. In this review, we focus on the intracellular movement of sphingolipids mediated by sphingolipid transfer proteins. Additionally, we will focus on the best characterized and understood mammalian sphingolipid transfer proteins and provide an overview of how they are hypothesized to function. Some are already well understood, while others remain enigmatic. A few are actual lipid transfer proteins, moving lipids from membrane to membrane, while others may have more of a sensor role, possibly reacting to changes in the concentrations of their ligands. Considering the substrates available for cytosolic sphingolipid transfer proteins, one open question that is discussed is whether galactosylceramide is a target. Another question is the exact mechanics by which sphingolipid transfer proteins are targeted to different organelles, such as how four phosphate adapter protein-2, FAPP2 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. The aim of this review is to discuss what is known within the field today and to provide a basic understanding of how these proteins may work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders P E Backman
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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Ogawa Y, Sakuraba H, Oishi K. [Glial cells and pharmacological targets in Sandhoff disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:235-238. [PMID: 34193703 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the β-hexosaminidase B (HexB) gene in humans. This results in the massive accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in the nervous system, causing progressive neurodegeneration. The symptoms of SD include muscle weakness, seizures, and mental illness;along with loss of muscle coordination, vision, and hearing. In the most severe form, the onset begins during early infancy, and death usually occurs within 3-5 years of age. The established animal model, Hexb-deficient (Hexb-/-) mouse, shows abnormalities that resemble the severe phenotype found in human infants. We have previously reported that activated microglia causes astrogliosis in Hexb-/- mouse at the early stage of development that can be ameliorated via immunosuppression. Moreover, within the cerebral cortices of Hexb-/- mouse, reactive astrocytes were found to express adenosine A2A receptors in later inflammatory phases. Inhibiting this receptor with istradefylline decreases the number of activated microglial cells and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Thus, we underline the importance of the astrocytic A2A receptor as a sensor, in regulating microglial activation in the late phase of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiko Oishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
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45
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Bertani V, Prioni S, Di Lecce R, Gazza F, Ragionieri L, Merialdi G, Bonilauri P, Jagannathan V, Grassi S, Cabitta L, Paoli A, Morrone A, Sonnino S, Drögemüller C, Cantoni AM. A pathogenic HEXA missense variant in wild boars with Tay-Sachs disease. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:297-306. [PMID: 34119419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosidoses are inherited lysosomal storage disorders caused by reduced or absent activity of either a lysosomal enzyme involved in ganglioside catabolism, or an activator protein required for the proper activity of a ganglioside hydrolase, which results in the intra-lysosomal accumulation of undegraded metabolites. We hereby describe morphological, ultrastructural, biochemical and genetic features of GM2 gangliosidosis in three captive bred wild boar littermates. The piglets were kept in a partially-free range farm and presented progressive neurological signs, starting at 6 months of age. Animals were euthanized at approximately one year of age due to their poor conditions. Neuropathogens were excluded as a possible cause of the signs. Gross examination showed a reduction of cerebral and cerebellar consistency. Central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system neurons were enlarged and foamy, with severe and diffuse cytoplasmic vacuolization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of CNS neurons demonstrated numerous lysosomes, filled by parallel or concentric layers of membranous electron-dense material, defined as membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB). Biochemical composition of gangliosides analysis from CNS revealed accumulation of GM2 ganglioside; furthermore, Hex A enzyme activity was less than 1% compared to control animals. These data confirmed the diagnosis of GM2 gangliosidosis. Genetic analysis identified, at a homozygous level, the presence of a missense nucleotide variant c.1495C > T (p Arg499Cys) in the hexosaminidase subunit alpha gene (HEXA), located within the GH20 hexosaminidase superfamily domain of the encoded protein. This specific HEXA variant is known to be pathogenic and associated with Tay-Sachs disease in humans, but has never been identified in other animal species. This is the first report of a HEXA gene associated Tay-Sachs disease in wild boars and provides a comprehensive description of a novel spontaneous animal model for this lysosomal storage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bertani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Taglio, 8, 43100 Parma, Italy.
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Taglio, 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Gazza
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Taglio, 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Luisa Ragionieri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Taglio, 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merialdi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Pietro Fiorini, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Pietro Fiorini, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate, Italy
| | - Livia Cabitta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate, Italy
| | - Antonella Paoli
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate, Italy
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Taglio, 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Tian R, Abarientos A, Hong J, Hashemi SH, Yan R, Dräger N, Leng K, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Xu K, Faghri F, Kampmann M. Genome-wide CRISPRi/a screens in human neurons link lysosomal failure to ferroptosis. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1020-1034. [PMID: 34031600 PMCID: PMC8254803 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics provide a systematic map of gene expression in different human cell types. The next challenge is to systematically understand cell-type-specific gene function. The integration of CRISPR-based functional genomics and stem cell technology enables the scalable interrogation of gene function in differentiated human cells. Here we present the first genome-wide CRISPR interference and CRISPR activation screens in human neurons. We uncover pathways controlling neuronal response to chronic oxidative stress, which is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Unexpectedly, knockdown of the lysosomal protein prosaposin strongly sensitizes neurons, but not other cell types, to oxidative stress by triggering the formation of lipofuscin, a hallmark of aging, which traps iron, generating reactive oxygen species and triggering ferroptosis. We also determine transcriptomic changes in neurons after perturbation of genes linked to neurodegenerative diseases. To enable the systematic comparison of gene function across different human cell types, we establish a data commons named CRISPRbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Anthony Abarientos
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sayed Hadi Hashemi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Dräger
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Quinville BM, Deschenes NM, Ryckman AE, Walia JS. A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115793. [PMID: 34071409 PMCID: PMC8198874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous system. The amphipathic properties of sphingolipids enable their participation in a variety of intricate metabolic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the building blocks for all sphingolipid derivatives, comprising a complex class of lipids. The biosynthesis and catabolism of these lipids play an integral role in small- and large-scale body functions, including participation in membrane domains and signalling; cell proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness; inflammation; and central nervous system development. Recently, sphingolipids have become the focus of several fields of research in the medical and biological sciences, as these bioactive lipids have been identified as potent signalling and messenger molecules. Sphingolipids are now being exploited as therapeutic targets for several pathologies. Here we present a comprehensive review of the structure and metabolism of sphingolipids and their many functional roles within the cell. In addition, we highlight the role of sphingolipids in several pathologies, including inflammatory disease, cystic fibrosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and lysosomal storage disorders.
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Alonso-Pérez J, Casasús A, Gimenez-Muñoz Á, Duff J, Rojas-Garcia R, Illa I, Straub V, Töpf A, Díaz-Manera J. Late onset Sandhoff disease presenting with lower motor neuron disease and stuttering. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:769-772. [PMID: 34210542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the HEXB gene which encodes the β-subunit of β-hexosaminidase A and B enzymes, cause a GM2 gangliosidosis, also known as Sandhoff disease, which is a rare lysosomal storage disorder. The most common form of the disease lead to quickly progressing mental and motor decline in infancy; however there are other less severe forms with later onset that can also involve lower motor neurons. The diagnosis of this disease is based on low serum β-hexosaminidases A and B levels and confirmed using genetic test. We report two siblings with compound heterozygous HEXB mutations whose phenotype was extremely mild consisting in stuttering in both cases associated to mild proximal weakness in one of the cases, broadening the clinical spectrum of late onset Sandhoff disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Casasús
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Research Unit, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jennifer Duff
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ricard Rojas-Garcia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Töpf
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.
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49
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Calzoni E, Cesaretti A, Montegiove N, Di Michele A, Emiliani C. Enhanced Stability of Long-Living Immobilized Recombinant β-d- N-Acetyl-Hexosaminidase A on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Films for Potential Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020032. [PMID: 34064736 PMCID: PMC8162980 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β-d-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase (Hex, EC 3.2.1.52) is an acid hydrolase that catalyzes the cleavage of the β-1,4 bond in N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (Gal-NAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (Glc-NAc) from the non-reducing end of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. It is widely expressed in both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic world, where it performs multiple and important functions. Hex has antifungal activity in plants, is capable of degrading many biological substrates, and can play an important role in the biomedical field for the treatment of Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. With the aim being able to obtain a device with a stable enzyme, a method of covalent immobilization on polylactic acid (PLA) films was developed for the A isoform of the β-d-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase enzyme (HexA), produced in a recombinant way from Human Embryonic Kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells and suitably purified. An in-depth biochemical characterization of the immobilized enzyme was carried out, evaluating the optimal temperature, thermal stability, pH parameters, and Km value. Moreover, the stability of the enzymatic activity over time was assessed. The results obtained showed an improvement in terms of kinetic parameters and stability to heat for the enzyme following immobilization and the presence of HexA in two distinct immobilized forms, with an unexpected ability for one of them to maintain its functionality for a long period of time (over a year). The stability and functionality of the enzyme in its immobilized form are therefore extremely promising for potential biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
- Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials—CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7436
| | - Nicolò Montegiove
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
| | | | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (N.M.); (C.E.)
- Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials—CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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50
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Abed Rabbo M, Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases: from bench to bedside. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33941173 PMCID: PMC8094529 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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