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Badini F, Mirshekar MA, Shahraki S, Fanaei H, Bayrami A. Neuroprotective effects of levothyroxine on cognition deficits and memory in an experimental model of Huntington's disease in rats: An electrophysiological study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03006-w. [PMID: 38372755 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive deficits and motor function. Levothyroxine (L-T4) is a synthetic form of Thyroxine (T4), which can improve cognitive ability. The aim of the present study was to determine the neuroprotective effect of L-T4 administration in rats with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced Huntington's disease. Forty-eight Wistar male rats were divided into six groups (n = 8): Group 1 control group that received physiological saline, Group 2 and 3: which received L-T4 (30 and 100 μg/kg), Group 4: HD group that received 3-NP and Groups 5 and 6: The treatment of the HD rats with L-T4 (30 and 100 μg/kg). Spatial memory, locomotor activity, and frequency of neuronal firing were assessed. After decapitation, the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in the striatum was measured. The results showed that the indices of spatial memory (mean path length and latency time) and motor dysfunction (immobility time) significantly increased, while time spent in the goal quadrant, swimming speed, spike rate, and striatum levels of BDNF significantly decreased in the HD group compared to the control group. L-T4 treatment significantly enhanced time spent in the goal quadrant, swimming speed, motor activity (number of line crossing and rearing), spike rate and striatal BDNF level. This research showed that L-T4 prevented the disruption of motor activity and cognitive deficiencies induced by 3-NP. The beneficial effects of L-T4 may be due to an increase in the concentration of BDNF and enhancement of the spike rate in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Badini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Samira Shahraki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamed Fanaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bayrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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Ratz-Wirsching V, Habermeyer J, Moceri S, Harrer J, Schmitz C, von Hörsten S. Gene-dosage- and sex-dependent differences in the prodromal-Like phase of the F344tgHD rat model for Huntington disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1354977. [PMID: 38384482 PMCID: PMC10879377 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1354977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In Huntington disease (HD) the prodromal phase has been increasingly investigated and is currently in focus for early interventional treatments. Also, the influence of sex on disease progression and severity in patients is under discussion, as a sex-specific impact has been reported in transgenic rodent models for HD. To this end, we have been studying these aspects in Sprague Dawley rats transgenic for HD. Here, we took up on the congenic F344tgHD rat model, expressing a fragmented Htt construct with 51 CAG repeats on an inbred F344 rat background and characterized potential sexual dimorphism and gene-dosage effects in rats during the pre-symptomatic phase (1-8 months of age). Our study comprises a longitudinal phenotyping of motor function, emotion and sensorimotor gating, as well as screening of metabolic parameters with classical and automated assays in combination with investigation of molecular HD hallmarks (striatal cell number and volume estimation, appearance of HTT aggregates). Differences between sexes became apparent during middle age, particularly in the motor and sensorimotor domains. Female individuals were generally more active, demonstrated different gait characteristics than males and less anxiolytic-like behavior. Alterations in both the time course and affected behavioral domains varied between male and female F344tgHD rats. First subtle behavioral anomalies were detected in transgenic F344tgHD rats prior to striatal MSN cell loss, revealing a prodromal-like phase in this model. Our findings demonstrate that the congenic F344tgHD rat model shows high face-validity, closely resembling the human disease's temporal progression, while having a relatively low number of CAG repeats, a slowly progressing pathology with a prodromal-like phase and a comparatively subtle phenotype. By differentiating the sexes regarding HD-related changes and characterizing the prodromal-like phase in this model, these findings provide a foundation for future treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ratz-Wirsching
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Habermeyer
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Moceri
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Harrer
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Lamirault C, Doyère V, Juchaux M, Pouzoulet F, Labiod D, Dendale R, Patriarca A, Nauraye C, Le Dudal M, Jouvion G, Hardy D, Massioui NE, Prezado Y. Short and long-term evaluation of the impact of proton minibeam radiation therapy on motor, emotional and cognitive functions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13511. [PMID: 32782370 PMCID: PMC7419511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most frequently used methods for cancer treatment. Despite remarkable advancements in RT techniquesthe treatment of radioresistant tumours (i.e. high-grade gliomas) is not yet satisfactory. Finding novel approaches less damaging for normal tissues is of utmost importance. This would make it possible to increase the dose applied to tumours, resulting in an improvement in the cure rate. Along this line, proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel strategy that allows the spatial modulation of the dose, leading to minimal damage to brain structures compared to a high dose (25 Gy in one fraction) of standard proton therapy (PT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether pMBRT also preserves important cerebral functions. Comprehensive longitudinal behavioural studies were performed in irradiated (peak dose of 57 Gy in one fraction) and control rats to evaluate the impact of pMBRT on motor function (motor coordination, muscular tonus, and locomotor activity), emotional function (anxiety, fear, motivation, and impulsivity), and cognitive function (learning, memory, temporal processing, and decision making). The evaluations, which were conducted over a period of 10 months, showed no significant motor or emotional dysfunction in pMBRT-irradiated rats compared with control animals. Concerning cognitive functions, similar performance was observed between the groups, although some slight learning delays might be present in some of the tests in the long term after irradiation. This study shows the minimal impact of pMBRT on the normal brain at the functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lamirault
- Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
| | - Valérie Doyère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marjorie Juchaux
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab-UMR 9012), CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay/Université de Paris, Campus Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Frederic Pouzoulet
- Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
| | - Dalila Labiod
- Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
| | - Remi Dendale
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, 101, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898, Orsay, France
| | - Annalisa Patriarca
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, 101, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Nauraye
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, 101, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898, Orsay, France
| | - Marine Le Dudal
- Institut Pasteur, Neuropathologie Expérimentale, 75015, Paris, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Biopôle, Unité d'Histologie, d'Embryologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Institut Pasteur, Neuropathologie Expérimentale, 75015, Paris, France
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Génétiques d'Expression Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, UF de Génétique Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Neuropathologie Expérimentale, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicole El Massioui
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yolanda Prezado
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris Saclay, PSL Research University, Bat 110, Campus d'Orsay, Orsay, France.
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4
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Tallot L, Doyère V. Neural encoding of time in the animal brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:146-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Cheong RY, Gabery S, Petersén Å. The Role of Hypothalamic Pathology for Non-Motor Features of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 8:375-391. [PMID: 31594240 PMCID: PMC6839491 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-190372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal genetic neurodegenerative disorder. It has mainly been considered a movement disorder with cognitive symptoms and these features have been associated with pathology of the striatum and cerebral cortex. Importantly, individuals with the mutant huntingtin gene suffer from a spectrum of non-motor features often decades before the motor disorder manifests. These symptoms and signs include a range of psychiatric symptoms, sleep problems and metabolic changes with weight loss particularly in later stages. A higher body mass index at diagnosis is associated with slower disease progression. The common psychiatric symptom of apathy progresses with the disease. The fact that non-motor features are present early in the disease and that they show an association to disease progression suggest that unravelling the underlying neurobiological mechanisms may uncover novel targets for early disease intervention and better symptomatic treatment. The hypothalamus and the limbic system are important brain regions that regulate emotion, social cognition, sleep and metabolism. A number of studies using neuroimaging, postmortem human tissue and genetic manipulation in animal models of the disease has collectively shown that the hypothalamus and the limbic system are affected in HD. These findings include the loss of neuropeptide-expressing neurons such as orexin (hypocretin), oxytocin, vasopressin, somatostatin and VIP, and increased levels of SIRT1 in distinct nuclei of the hypothalamus. This review provides a summary of the results obtained so far and highlights the potential importance of these changes for the understanding of non-motor features in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y Cheong
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sanaz Gabery
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Tallot L, Graupner M, Diaz-Mataix L, Doyère V. Beyond Freezing: Temporal Expectancy of an Aversive Event Engages the Amygdalo–Prefronto–Dorsostriatal Network. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5257-5269. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
During Pavlovian aversive conditioning, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes predictive of the time of arrival of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). Using a paradigm where animals had to discriminate between a CS+ (associated with a footshock) and a CS− (never associated with a footshock), we show that, early in training, dynamics of neuronal oscillations in an amygdalo–prefronto–striatal network are modified during the CS+ in a manner related to the CS–US time interval (30 or 10 s). This is the case despite a generalized high level of freezing to both CS+ and CS−. The local field potential oscillatory power was decreased between 12 and 30 Hz in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and increased between 55 and 95 Hz in the prelimbic cortex (PL), while the coherence between DMS, PL, and the basolateral amygdala was increased in the 3–6 Hz frequency range up to the expected time of US arrival only for the CS+ and not for the CS−. Changing the CS–US interval from 30 to 10 s shifted these changes in activity toward the newly learned duration. The results suggest a functional role of the amygdalo–prefronto–dorsostriatal network in encoding temporal information of Pavlovian associations independently of the behavioral output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Tallot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR9197 Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Michael Graupner
- Université de Paris, SPPIN – Saints-Péres Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Lorenzo Diaz-Mataix
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR9197 Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Valérie Doyère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR9197 Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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7
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Huguet G, Temel Y, Kádár E, Pol S, Casaca-Carreira J, Segura-Torres P, Jahanshahi A. Altered expression of dopaminergic cell fate regulating genes prior to manifestation of symptoms in a transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease. Brain Res 2019; 1712:101-108. [PMID: 30711400 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the dopaminergic pathway is thought to contribute to clinical symptoms in the early stages of Huntington's disease (HD). It is suggested to be result of a reduced dopaminergic inhibition by degeneration of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Previously, we have shown that the number of dopaminergic cells is increased in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of HD patients and transgenic HD (tgHD) rats during the manifestation phase of the disease; as well as in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of tgHD rats. To address whether these changes are secondary to neurodegeneration or take place in the pre-manifest phase of the disease, we examined the expression of genes controlling neuronal cell fate and genes that define dopaminergic cell phenotype. In the SNc-VTA of tgHD rats, Msx1 was upregulated, which correlated with an altered expression of transcription factors Zbtb16 and Tcf12. Zbtb16 was upregulated in the DRN and it was the only gene that showed a correlated expression in the tgHD rats between SNc-VTA and DRN. Zbtb16 may be a candidate for regionally tuning its cell populations, resulting in the increase in dopaminergic cells observed in our previous studies. Here, we demonstrated an altered expression of genes related to dopaminergic cell fate regulation in the brainstem of 6 months-old tgHD rats. This suggests that changes in dopaminergic system in HD precede the manifestation of clinical symptoms, contradicting the theory that hyperdopaminergic status in HD is a consequence of neurodegeneration in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Huguet
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabet Kádár
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Sylvana Pol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joao Casaca-Carreira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pilar Segura-Torres
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Derouet J, Doyère V, Droit-Volet S. The Disruption of Memory Consolidation of Duration Introduces Noise While Lengthening the Long-Term Memory Representation of Time in Humans. Front Psychol 2019; 10:745. [PMID: 31001180 PMCID: PMC6456679 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of an interference task on the consolidation of duration in long-term memory. In a temporal generalization task, the participants performed a learning phase with a reference duration that either was, or was not, followed 30 min later by a 15-min interference task. They were then given a memory test, 24 h later. Using different participant groups, several reference durations were examined, from several hundred milliseconds (600 ms) to several seconds (2.5, 4, and 8 s). The results showed that the scalar timing property (i.e., precision proportional to judged duration) was preserved despite the interference task given during the memory consolidation process. However, the interference task increased the variability of time judgment and tended to produce a lengthening effect in all reference duration conditions. The modeling of individual data with parameters derived from scalar expectancy theory suggests that disrupting the memory consolidation of learned reference durations introduces noise in their representation in memory, with time being specifically distorted toward a lengthened duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Derouet
- CNRS, UMR 6024, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Doyère
- CNRS, UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- CNRS, UMR 6024, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Kamada T, Hata T. Basolateral amygdala inactivation eliminates fear-induced underestimation of time in a temporal bisection task. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:227-235. [PMID: 30098408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We examined interval timing - time perception in the seconds-to-minutes range - of the fear-inducing stimulus and the role of the amygdala in this phenomenon. Rats were initially trained to perform a temporal bisection task, in which their responses to levers A and B were reinforced following 2-s and 8-s tones, respectively. After acquisition, the rats were also presented with tones of intermediate durations and pressed one of the two levers to indicate whether the tone duration was closer to 2 or 8 s. Subsequently, the rats underwent differential fear conditioning, in which one frequency tone (conditioned stimulus; CS+) was paired with an electric foot shock, whereas another frequency tone (CS-) was presented alone. The rats were then infused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or the GABAA agonist muscimol into the bilateral basolateral amygdala (BLA) before performing the bisection task with CS+ and CS-. In rats infused with aCSF, the psychophysical function shifted rightward in CS+ relative to that in CS-. Moreover, the point of subjective equality of the CS+ was higher than that of CS-, suggesting that the duration of the fear -CS was perceived as shorter than that of the neutral CS. However, muscimol infusion into the BLA abolished this difference, suggesting that BLA inactivation suppresses the effect of the fear -CS. Our results demonstrate that normal BLA activity is essential for fear-induced underestimation of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Kamada
- Graduate School of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Toshimichi Hata
- Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
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10
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Absence of associative motor learning and impaired time perception in a rare case of complete cerebellar agenesis. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:551-557. [PMID: 30031016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary cerebellar agenesis (PCA), a brain disease where the cerebellum does not develop, is an extremely rare congenital disease with only eleven living cases reported thus far. Studies of the PCA case will thus provide valuable insights into the necessity of cerebellar development for controlling and modulating cognitive functions of the brain. In this follow-up study, we further investigated the performance of associative learning and time perception of a 26-year-old female complete PCA case. We assessed whether delayed eyeblink conditioning (EBC), which represents prototypical associative motor learning function of the cerebellum, could be partially compensated by the extracerebellar brain regions in complete absence of the cerebellum. We also assessed whether the cerebellum, a critical brain region for millisecond-range interval timing, is essential for perception of the second-range time interval. Twelve neurotypical age-matched individuals were used as controls. We found that although the complete PCA patient had only mild to moderate motor deficits, she was unable to perform the delayed EBC even after 1-week of extensive training. Additionally, the PCA patient also performed poorly during time reproduction experiments in which she overproduced the millisecond-range time intervals, while underproduced the second-range time intervals. The PCA patient also failed to perform the temporal eyeblink conditioning with a 5 s fixed interval as the conditioned stimulus. These results indicate that the cerebellum is indispensable for associative motor learning and involved in timing of sub-second intervals, as well as in the perception of second-range intervals.
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11
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Garces D, El Massioui N, Lamirault C, Riess O, Nguyen HP, Brown BL, Doyère V. The Alteration of Emotion Regulation Precedes the Deficits in Interval Timing in the BACHD Rat Model for Huntington Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:14. [PMID: 29867384 PMCID: PMC5954136 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is accompanied by executive dysfunctions and emotional alteration. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of emotion/stress on on-going highly demanding cognitive tasks, i.e., temporal processing, as a function of age in BACHD rats (a “full length” model of HD). Middle-aged (4–6 months) and old (10–12 months) rats were first trained on a 2 vs. 8-s temporal discrimination task, and then exposed to a series of bisection tests under normal and stressful (10 mild unpredictable foot-shocks) conditions. The animals were then trained on a peak interval task, in which reinforced fixed-interval (FI) 30-s trials were randomly intermixed with non-reinforced probe trials. After training, the effect of stress upon time perception was again assessed. Sensitivity to foot-shocks was also assessed independently. The results show effects of both age and genotype, with largely greater effects in old BACHD animals. The older BACHD animals had impaired learning in both tasks, but reached equivalent levels of performance as WT animals at the end of training in the temporal discrimination task, while remaining impaired in the peak interval task. Whereas sensitivity to foot-shock did not differ between BACHD and WT rats, delivery of foot-shocks during the test sessions had a disruptive impact on temporal behavior in WT animals, an effect which increased with age. In contrast, BACHD rats, independent of age, did not show any significant disruption under stress. In conclusion, BACHD rats showed a disruption in temporal learning in late symptomatic animals. Age-related modification in stress-induced impairment of temporal control of behavior was also observed, an effect which was greatly reduced in BACHD animals, thus confirming previous results suggesting reduced emotional reactivity in HD animals. The results suggest a staggered onset in cognitive and emotional alterations in HD, with emotional alteration being the earliest, possibly related to different time courses of degeneration in cortico-striatal and amygdala circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garces
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicole El Massioui
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Charlotte Lamirault
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Huu P Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bruce L Brown
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valérie Doyère
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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12
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Plank AC, Canneva F, Raber KA, Urbach YK, Dobner J, Puchades M, Bjaalie JG, Gillmann C, Bäuerle T, Riess O, Nguyen HHP, von Hörsten S. Early Alterations in Operant Performance and Prominent Huntingtin Aggregation in a Congenic F344 Rat Line of the Classical CAG n51trunc Model of Huntington Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:11. [PMID: 29422836 PMCID: PMC5788972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transgenic rat model of Huntington disease expressing a fragment of mutant HTT (tgHD rat) has been thoroughly characterized and reproduces hallmark symptoms of human adult-onset HD. Pursuing the optimization of this model for evaluation of translational therapeutic approaches, the F344 inbred rat strain was considered as advantageous genetic background for the expression of the HD transgenic construct. In the present study, a novel congenic line of the SPRDtgHD transgenic model of HD, carrying 51 CAG repeats, was generated on the F344 rat genetic background. To assess the behavioral phenotype, classical assays investigating motor function, emotion, and sensorimotor gating were applied, along with automated screening of metabolic and activity parameters as well as operant conditioning tasks. The neuropathological phenotype was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging. F344tgHD rats displayed markedly reduced anxiety-like behavior in the social interaction test and elevated impulsivity traits already at 3 months of age. Neuropathologically, reduced striatal volume and pronounced aggregation of mutant huntingtin in several brain regions were detected at later disease stage. In conclusion, the congenic F344tgHD model reproduces key aspects of the human HD phenotype, substantiating its value for translational therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Plank
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabio Canneva
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Raber
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yvonne K Urbach
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Dobner
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja Puchades
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clarissa Gillmann
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Clinics Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hoa H P Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Clinics Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Cabanas M, Bassil F, Mons N, Garret M, Cho YH. Changes in striatal activity and functional connectivity in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184580. [PMID: 28934250 PMCID: PMC5608247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Huntington’s disease (HD) is associated with progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. A primary consequence of the HD mutation is the preferential loss of medium spiny projection cells with relative sparing of local interneurons in the striatum. In addition, among GABAergic striatal projection cells, indirect pathway cells expressing D2 dopamine receptors are lost earlier than direct pathway cells expressing D1 receptors. To test in vivo the functional integrity of direct and indirect pathways as well as interneurons in the striatum of male R6/1 transgenic mice, we assessed their c-Fos expression levels induced by a striatal-dependent cognitive task and compared them with age-matched wild-type littermates. We found a significant increase of c-Fos+ nuclei in the dorsomedial striatum, and this only at 2 months, when our HD mouse model is still pre-motor symptomatic, the increase disappearing with symptom manifestation. Contrary to our expectation, the indirect pathway projection neurons did not undergo any severer changes of c-Fos expression regardless of age in R6/1 mice. We also found a decreased activation of interneurons that express parvalbumin in the dorsomedial striatum at both presymptomatic and symptomatic ages. Finally, analysis of c-Fos expression in extended brain regions involved in the cognitive learning used in our study, demonstrates, throughout ages studied, changes in the functional connectivity between regions in the transgenic mice. Further analysis of the cellular and molecular changes underlying the transient striatal hyperactivity in the HD mice may help to understand the mechanisms involved in the disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Cabanas
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fares Bassil
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicole Mons
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maurice Garret
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail: (MG); (YHC)
| | - Yoon H. Cho
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail: (MG); (YHC)
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14
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Davies DA, Greba Q, Selk JC, Catton JK, Baillie LD, Mulligan SJ, Howland JG. Interactions between medial prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum are necessary for odor span capacity in rats: role of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:524-531. [PMID: 28916627 PMCID: PMC5602347 DOI: 10.1101/lm.045419.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is involved in the maintenance and manipulation of information essential for complex cognition. While the neural substrates underlying working memory capacity have been studied in humans, considerably less is known about the circuitry mediating working memory capacity in rodents. Therefore, the present experiments tested the involvement of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal striatum (STR) in the odor span task (OST), a task proposed to assay working memory capacity in rodents. Initially, Long Evans rats were trained to dig in scented sand for food following a serial delayed nonmatching-to-sample rule. Temporary inactivation of dorsomedial (dm) STR significantly reduced span in well trained rats. Inactivation of mPFC or contralateral disconnection of the mPFC and dmSTR also reduced span. Infusing the GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor antagonist Ro 25-6981 into mPFC did not affect span; however, span was significantly reduced following bilateral Ro 25-6981 infusions into dmSTR or contralateral disconnection of mPFC (inactivation) and dmSTR (Ro 25-6981). These results suggest that span capacity in rats depends on GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor-dependent interactions between the mPFC and the dmSTR. Therefore, interventions targeting this circuit may improve the working memory capacity impairments in patients with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don A Davies
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jantz C Selk
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jillian K Catton
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Landon D Baillie
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Sean J Mulligan
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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15
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Leuchter MK, Donzis EJ, Cepeda C, Hunter AM, Estrada-Sánchez AM, Cook IA, Levine MS, Leuchter AF. Quantitative Electroencephalographic Biomarkers in Preclinical and Human Studies of Huntington's Disease: Are They Fit-for-Purpose for Treatment Development? Front Neurol 2017; 8:91. [PMID: 28424652 PMCID: PMC5371600 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A major focus in development of novel therapies for Huntington's disease (HD) is identification of treatments that reduce the burden of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein in the brain. In order to identify and test the efficacy of such therapies, it is essential to have biomarkers that are sensitive to the effects of mHTT on brain function to determine whether the intervention has been effective at preventing toxicity in target brain systems before onset of clinical symptoms. Ideally, such biomarkers should have a plausible physiologic basis for detecting the effects of mHTT, be measureable both in preclinical models and human studies, be practical to measure serially in clinical trials, and be reliably measurable in HD gene expansion carriers (HDGECs), among other features. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) fulfills many of these basic criteria of a "fit-for-purpose" biomarker. qEEG measures brain oscillatory activity that is regulated by the brain structures that are affected by mHTT in premanifest and early symptom individuals. The technology is practical to implement in the laboratory and is well tolerated by humans in clinical trials. The biomarkers are measureable across animal models and humans, with findings that appear to be detectable in HDGECs and translate across species. We review here the literature on recent developments in both preclinical and human studies of the use of qEEG biomarkers in HD, and the evidence for their usefulness as biomarkers to help guide development of novel mHTT lowering treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Leuchter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elissa J Donzis
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromodulation Division, Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana María Estrada-Sánchez
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ian A Cook
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromodulation Division, Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Levine
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromodulation Division, Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Dallérac G, Graupner M, Knippenberg J, Martinez RCR, Tavares TF, Tallot L, El Massioui N, Verschueren A, Höhn S, Bertolus JB, Reyes A, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE, Diaz-Mataix L, Doyère V. Updating temporal expectancy of an aversive event engages striatal plasticity under amygdala control. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13920. [PMID: 28067224 PMCID: PMC5227703 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pavlovian aversive conditioning requires learning of the association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned, aversive stimulus (US) but also involves encoding the time interval between the two stimuli. The neurobiological bases of this time interval learning are unknown. Here, we show that in rats, the dorsal striatum and basal amygdala belong to a common functional network underlying temporal expectancy and learning of a CS-US interval. Importantly, changes in coherence between striatum and amygdala local field potentials (LFPs) were found to couple these structures during interval estimation within the lower range of the theta rhythm (3-6 Hz). Strikingly, we also show that a change to the CS-US time interval results in long-term changes in cortico-striatal synaptic efficacy under the control of the amygdala. Collectively, this study reveals physiological correlates of plasticity mechanisms of interval timing that take place in the striatum and are regulated by the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Dallérac
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Michael Graupner
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Jeroen Knippenberg
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Teaching and Research Institute, Hospital Sirio Libanes, Rua Professor Daher Cutait, 69, Sao Paulo 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Ferreira Tavares
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Lucille Tallot
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Nicole El Massioui
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Anna Verschueren
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
- École Normale Supérieure, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Sophie Höhn
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Julie Boulanger Bertolus
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
- École Normale Supérieure, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Alex Reyes
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Joseph E. LeDoux
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA
| | - Glenn E. Schafe
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lorenzo Diaz-Mataix
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Valérie Doyère
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Cognition and Behaviour Department, UMR 9197, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
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17
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Interactive roles of the cerebellum and striatum in sub-second and supra-second timing: Support for an initiation, continuation, adjustment, and termination (ICAT) model of temporal processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:739-755. [PMID: 27773690 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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El Massioui N, Lamirault C, Yagüe S, Adjeroud N, Garces D, Maillard A, Tallot L, Yu-Taeger L, Riess O, Allain P, Nguyen HP, von Hörsten S, Doyère V. Impaired Decision Making and Loss of Inhibitory-Control in a Rat Model of Huntington Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:204. [PMID: 27833538 PMCID: PMC5080295 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits associated with Huntington disease (HD) are generally dominated by executive function disorders often associated with disinhibition and impulsivity/compulsivity. Few studies have directly examined symptoms and consequences of behavioral disinhibition in HD and its relation with decision-making. To assess the different forms of impulsivity in a transgenic model of HD (tgHD rats), two tasks assessing cognitive/choice impulsivity were used: risky decision-making with a rat gambling task (RGT) and intertemporal choices with a delay discounting task (DD). To assess waiting or action impulsivity the differential reinforcement of low rate of responding task (DRL) was used. In parallel, the volume as well as cellular activity of the amygdala was analyzed. In contrast to WT rats, 15 months old tgHD rats exhibited a poor efficiency in the RGT task with difficulties to choose advantageous options, a steep DD curve as delays increased in the DD task and a high rate of premature and bursts responses in the DRL task. tgHD rats also demonstrated a concomitant and correlated presence of both action and cognitive/choice impulsivity in contrast to wild type (WT) animals. Moreover, a reduced volume associated with an increased basal cellular activity of the central nucleus of amygdala indicated a dysfunctional amygdala in tgHD rats, which could underlie inhibitory dyscontrol. In conclusion, tgHD rats are a good model for impulsivity disorder that could be used more widely to identify potential pharmacotherapies to treat these invasive symptoms in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole El Massioui
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay Orsay, France
| | - Charlotte Lamirault
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay Orsay, France
| | - Sara Yagüe
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay Orsay, France
| | - Najia Adjeroud
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Sud, Université Paris SaclayOrsay, France; Neuropsychological Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU AngersFrance
| | - Daniel Garces
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY) New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Maillard
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay Orsay, France
| | - Lucille Tallot
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay Orsay, France
| | - Libo Yu-Taeger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany
| | - Philippe Allain
- Neuropsychological Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Angers France
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Experimental Therapy, Franz Penzoldt Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
| | - Valérie Doyère
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay Orsay, France
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19
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Bunner KD, Rebec GV. Corticostriatal Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease: The Basics. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:317. [PMID: 27445757 PMCID: PMC4924423 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main input to the basal ganglia, the corticostriatal pathway, shows some of the earliest signs of neuropathology in Huntington’s disease (HD), an inherited neurodegenerative condition that typically strikes in mid-life with progressively deteriorating cognitive, emotional, and motor symptoms. Although an effective treatment remains elusive, research on transgenic animal models has implicated dysregulation of glutamate (Glu), the excitatory amino acid released by corticostriatal neurons, in HD onset. Abnormalities in the control of Glu transmission at the level of postsynaptic receptors and Glu transport proteins play a critical role in the loss of information flow through downstream circuits that set the stage for the HD behavioral phenotype. Parallel but less-well characterized changes in dopamine (DA), a key modulator of Glu activation, ensure further deficits in neuronal communication throughout the basal ganglia. Continued analysis of corticostriatal Glu transmission and its modulation by DA, including analysis at the neurobehavioral level in transgenic models, is likely to be an effective strategy in the pursuit of HD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra D Bunner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - George V Rebec
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
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20
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Doyère V, El Massioui N. A subcortical circuit for time and action: insights from animal research. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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22
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The amygdalo-nigrostriatal network is critical for an optimal temporal performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:104-7. [PMID: 26884227 PMCID: PMC4755265 DOI: 10.1101/lm.041152.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The amygdalo-nigrostriatal (ANS) network plays an essential role in enhanced attention to significant events. Interval timing requires attention to temporal cues. We assessed rats having a disconnected ANS network, due to contralateral lesions of the medial central nucleus of the amygdala (CEm) and dopaminergic afferents to the lateral striatum, as compared to controls (sham and ipsilateral lesions of CEm and dopaminergic afferents to LS) in a temporal bisection task. ANS disconnection induced poorer temporal precision and increased response latencies to a short duration. The present results reveal a role of the ANS network in temporal processing.
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23
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Li W, Silva HB, Real J, Wang YM, Rial D, Li P, Payen MP, Zhou Y, Muller CE, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Chen JF. Inactivation of adenosine A2A receptors reverses working memory deficits at early stages of Huntington's disease models. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 79:70-80. [PMID: 25892655 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments in Huntington's disease (HD) are attributed to a dysfunction of the cortico-striatal pathway and significantly affect the quality of life of the patients, but this has not been a therapeutic focus in HD to date. We postulated that adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R), located at pre- and post-synaptic elements of the cortico-striatal pathways, modulate striatal neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviors. To critically evaluate the ability of A(2A)R inactivation to prevent cognitive deficits in early HD, we cross-bred A(2A)R knockout (KO) mice with two R6/2 transgenic lines of HD (CAG120 and CAG240) to generate two double transgenic R6/2-CAG120-A(2A)R KO and R6/2-CAG240-A(2A)R KO mice and their corresponding wild-type (WT) littermates. Genetic inactivation of A(2A)R prevented working memory deficits induced by R6/2-CAG120 at post-natal week 6 and by R6/2-CAG240 at post-natal month 2 and post-natal month 3, without modifying motor deficits. Similarly the A2(A)R antagonist KW6002 selectively reverted working memory deficits in R6/2-CAG240 mice at post-natal month 3. The search for possible mechanisms indicated that the genetic inactivation of A(2A)R did not affect ubiquitin-positive neuronal inclusions, astrogliosis or Thr-75 phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in the striatum. Importantly, A(2A)R blockade preferentially controlled long-term depression at cortico-striatal synapses in R6/2-CAG240 at post-natal week 6. The reported reversal of working memory deficits in R6/2 mice by the genetic and pharmacological inactivation of A(2A)R provides a proof-of-principle for A(2A)R as novel targets to reverse cognitive deficits in HD, likely by controlling LTD deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marie-Pierce Payen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Christa E Muller
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Carreira JC, Jahanshahi A, Zeef D, Kocabicak E, Vlamings R, von Hörsten S, Temel Y. Transgenic Rat Models of Huntington's Disease. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 22:135-147. [PMID: 24013873 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2013_245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several animal models for Huntington's disease (HD) have been created in order to investigate mechanisms of disease, and to evaluate the potency of novel therapies. Here, we describe the characteristics of the two transgenic rat models: transgenic rat model of HD (fragment model) and the Bacterial Artificial Chromosome HD model (full-length model). We discuss their genetic, behavioural, neuropathological and neurophysiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Casaca Carreira
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Aberrant calcium signaling by transglutaminase-mediated posttranslational modification of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3966-75. [PMID: 25201980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409730111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum mediates calcium signaling that impinges on intracellular processes. IP3Rs are allosteric proteins comprising four subunits that form an ion channel activated by binding of IP3 at a distance. Defective allostery in IP3R is considered crucial to cellular dysfunction, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that a pleiotropic enzyme transglutaminase type 2 targets the allosteric coupling domain of IP3R type 1 (IP3R1) and negatively regulates IP3R1-mediated calcium signaling and autophagy by locking the subunit configurations. The control point of this regulation is the covalent posttranslational modification of the Gln2746 residue that transglutaminase type 2 tethers to the adjacent subunit. Modification of Gln2746 and IP3R1 function was observed in Huntington disease models, suggesting a pathological role of this modification in the neurodegenerative disease. Our study reveals that cellular signaling is regulated by a new mode of posttranslational modification that chronically and enzymatically blocks allosteric changes in the ligand-gated channels that relate to disease states.
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Baker PM, Ragozzino ME. Contralateral disconnection of the rat prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum impairs cue-guided behavioral switching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:368-79. [PMID: 25028395 PMCID: PMC4105715 DOI: 10.1101/lm.034819.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Switches in reward outcomes or reward-predictive cues are two fundamental ways in which information is used to flexibly shift response patterns. The rat prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum support behavioral flexibility based on a change in outcomes. The present experiments investigated whether these two brain regions are necessary for conditional discrimination performance in which a switch in reward-predictive cues occurs every three to six trials. The GABA agonists baclofen and muscimol infused into the prelimbic cortex significantly impaired performance leading rats to adopt an inappropriate turn strategy. The NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 infused into the dorsomedial striatum or prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum contralateral disconnection impaired performance due to a rat failing to switch a response choice for an entire trial block in about two out of 13 test blocks. In an additional study, contralateral disconnection did not affect nonswitch discrimination performance. The results suggest that the prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum are necessary to support cue-guided behavioral switching. The prelimbic cortex may be critical for generating alternative response patterns while the dorsomedial striatum supports the selection of an appropriate response when cue information must be used to flexibly switch response patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Baker
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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27
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Neha, Sodhi RK, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Animal models of dementia and cognitive dysfunction. Life Sci 2014; 109:73-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Boulanger Bertolus J, Hegoburu C, Ahers JL, Londen E, Rousselot J, Szyba K, Thévenet M, Sullivan-Wilson TA, Doyère V, Sullivan RM, Mouly AM. Infant rats can learn time intervals before the maturation of the striatum: evidence from odor fear conditioning. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:176. [PMID: 24860457 PMCID: PMC4030151 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interval timing refers to the ability to perceive, estimate and discriminate durations in the range of seconds to minutes. Very little is currently known about the ontogeny of interval timing throughout development. On the other hand, even though the neural circuit sustaining interval timing is a matter of debate, the striatum has been suggested to be an important component of the system and its maturation occurs around the third post-natal (PN) week in rats. The global aim of the present study was to investigate interval timing abilities at an age for which striatum is not yet mature. We used odor fear conditioning, as it can be applied to very young animals. In odor fear conditioning, an odor is presented to the animal and a mild footshock is delivered after a fixed interval. Adult rats have been shown to learn the temporal relationships between the odor and the shock after a few associations. The first aim of the present study was to assess the activity of the striatum during odor fear conditioning using 2-Deoxyglucose autoradiography during development in rats. The data showed that although fear learning was displayed at all tested ages, activation of the striatum was observed in adults but not in juvenile animals. Next, we assessed the presence of evidence of interval timing in ages before and after the inclusion of the striatum into the fear conditioning circuit. We used an experimental setup allowing the simultaneous recording of freezing and respiration that have been demonstrated to be sensitive to interval timing in adult rats. This enabled the detection of duration-related temporal patterns for freezing and/or respiration curves in infants as young as 12 days PN during odor fear conditioning. This suggests that infants are able to encode time durations as well as and as quickly as adults while their striatum is not yet functional. Alternative networks possibly sustaining interval timing in infant rats are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Hegoburu
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon1Lyon, France
| | - Jessica L. Ahers
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Londen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Juliette Rousselot
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon1Lyon, France
| | - Karina Szyba
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Thévenet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon1Lyon, France
| | - Tristan A. Sullivan-Wilson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Valérie Doyère
- Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8195, University Paris-SudOrsay, France
| | - Regina M. Sullivan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Mouly
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon1Lyon, France
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29
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Faure A, Es-Seddiqi M, Brown BL, Nguyen HP, Riess O, von Hörsten S, Le Blanc P, Desvignes N, Bozon B, El Massioui N, Doyère V. Modified impact of emotion on temporal discrimination in a transgenic rat model of Huntington disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:130. [PMID: 24133419 PMCID: PMC3783849 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by triad of motor, cognitive, and emotional symptoms along with neuropathology in fronto-striatal circuit and limbic system including amygdala. Emotional alterations, which have a negative impact on patient well-being, represent some of the earliest symptoms of HD and might be related to the onset of the neurodegenerative process. In the transgenic rat model (tgHD rats), evidence suggest emotional alterations at the symptomatic stage along with neuropathology of the central nucleus of amygdala (CE). Studies in humans and animals demonstrate that emotion can modulate time perception. The impact of emotion on time perception has never been tested in HD, nor is it known if that impact could be part of the presymptomatic emotional phenotype of the pathology. The aim of this paper was to characterize the effect of emotion on temporal discrimination in presymptomatic tgHD animals. In the first experiment, we characterized the acute effect of an emotion (fear) conditioned stimulus on temporal discrimination using a bisection procedure, and tested its dependency upon an intact central amygdala. The second experiment was aimed at comparing presymptomatic homozygous transgenic animals at 7-months of age and their wild-type littermates (WT) in their performance on the modulation of temporal discrimination by emotion. Our principal findings show that (1) a fear cue produces a short-lived decrease of temporal precision after its termination, and (2) animals with medial CE lesion and presymptomatic tgHD animals demonstrate an alteration of this emotion-evoked temporal distortion. The results contribute to our knowledge about the presymptomatic phenotype of this HD rat model, showing susceptibility to emotion that may be related to dysfunction of the central nucleus of amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Faure
- Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8195 Orsay, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Orsay, France
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30
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Agostino PV, Cheng RK, Williams CL, West AE, Meck WH. Acquisition of response thresholds for timed performance is regulated by a calcium-responsive transcription factor, CaRF. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:633-44. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Agostino
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Department of Science and Technology; National University of Quilmes; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - R.-K. Cheng
- A*STAR/Duke-NUS Neuroscience Research Partnership; Singapore; Singapore
| | | | - A. E. West
- Department of Neurobiology; Duke University; Durham; NC; USA
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31
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Merchant H, Harrington DL, Meck WH. Neural Basis of the Perception and Estimation of Time. Annu Rev Neurosci 2013; 36:313-36. [PMID: 23725000 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, México;
| | - Deborah L. Harrington
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161;
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Warren H. Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701;
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32
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Gronier B, Waters S, Ponten H. The dopaminergic stabilizer pridopidine increases neuronal activity of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1281-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Estrada-Sánchez AM, Rebec GV. Role of cerebral cortex in the neuropathology of Huntington's disease. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:19. [PMID: 23423362 PMCID: PMC3575072 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An expansion of glutamine repeats in the N-terminal domain of the huntingtin protein leads to Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the presence of involuntary movements, dementia, and psychiatric disturbances. Evaluation of postmortem HD tissue indicates that the most prominent cell loss occurs in cerebral cortex and striatum, forebrain regions in which cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs) and striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the most affected. Subsequent evidence obtained from HD patients and especially from transgenic mouse models of HD indicates that long before neuronal death, patterns of communication between CPNs and MSNs become dysfunctional. In fact, electrophysiological signaling in transgenic HD mice is altered even before the appearance of the HD behavioral phenotype, suggesting that dysfunctional cortical input to the striatum sets the stage for the emergence of HD neurological signs. Striatal MSNs, moreover, project back to cortex via multi-synaptic connections, allowing for even further disruptions in cortical processing. An effective therapeutic strategy for HD, therefore, may lie in understanding the synaptic mechanisms by which it dysregulates the corticostriatal system. Here, we review literature evaluating the molecular, morphological, and physiological alterations in the cerebral cortex, a key component of brain circuitry controlling motor behavior, as they occur in both patients and transgenic HD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Estrada-Sánchez
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
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34
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Lessons learned from the transgenic Huntington's disease rats. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:682712. [PMID: 22852099 PMCID: PMC3407652 DOI: 10.1155/2012/682712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal inherited disorder leading to selective neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Currently, there is no treatment to slow down or to stop the disease. There is also no therapy to effectively reduce the symptoms. In the investigation of novel therapies, different animal models of Huntington's disease, varying from insects to nonhuman primates, have been created and used. Few years ago, the first transgenic rat model of HD, carrying a truncated huntingtin cDNA fragment with 51 CAG repeats under control of the native rat huntingtin promoter, was introduced. We have been using this animal model in our research and review here our experience with the behavioural, neurophysiological, and histopathological phenotype of the transgenic Huntington's disease rats with relevant literature.
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35
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Corticostriatal dysfunction and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in Huntington's disease: interactions between neurons and astrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:57-66. [PMID: 22905336 DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a fatally inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded glutamine repeat in the N-terminal region of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The result is a progressively worsening triad of cognitive, emotional, and motor alterations that typically begin in adulthood and end in death 10-20 years later. Autopsy of HD patients indicates massive cell loss in the striatum and its main source of input, the cerebral cortex. Further studies of HD patients and transgenic animal models of HD indicate that corticostriatal neuronal processing is altered long before neuronal death takes place. In fact, altered neuronal function appears to be the primary driver of the HD behavioral phenotype, and dysregulation of glutamate, the excitatory amino acid released by corticostriatal afferents, is believed to play a critical role. Although mutant HTT interferes with the operation of multiple proteins related to glutamate transmission, consistent evidence links the expression of mutant HTT with reduced activity of glutamate transporter 1 (rodent GLT1 or human EAAT2), the astrocytic protein responsible for the bulk of glutamate uptake. Here, we review corticostriatal dysfunction in HD and focus on GLT1 and its expression in astrocytes as a possible therapeutic target.
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36
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Altered diffusion tensor imaging measurements in aged transgenic Huntington disease rats. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:767-78. [PMID: 22618438 PMCID: PMC3586769 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models of Huntington disease (HD) are valuable tools for investigating HD pathophysiology and evaluating new therapeutic approaches. Non-invasive characterization of HD-related phenotype changes is important for monitoring progression of pathological processes and possible effects of interventions. The first transgenic rat model for HD exhibits progressive late-onset affective, cognitive, and motor impairments, as well as neuropathological features reflecting observations from HD patients. In this report, we contribute to the anatomical phenotyping of this model by comparing high-resolution ex vivo DTI measurements obtained in aged transgenic HD rats and wild-type controls. By region of interest analysis supplemented by voxel-based statistics, we find little evidence of atrophy in basal ganglia regions, but demonstrate altered DTI measurements in the dorsal and ventral striatum, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, and hippocampus. These changes are largely compatible with DTI findings in preclinical and clinical HD patients. We confirm earlier reports that HD rats express a moderate neuropathological phenotype, and provide evidence of altered DTI measures in specific HD-related brain regions, in the absence of pronounced morphometric changes.
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37
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Macdonald CJ, Cheng RK, Meck WH. Acquisition of "Start" and "Stop" response thresholds in peak-interval timing is differentially sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition in the dorsal and ventral striatum. Front Integr Neurosci 2012; 6:10. [PMID: 22435054 PMCID: PMC3303086 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-based decision-making in peak-interval timing procedures involves the setting of response thresholds for the initiation (“Start”) and termination (“Stop”) of a response sequence that is centered on a target duration. Using intracerebral infusions of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin, we report that the acquisition of the “Start” response depends on normal functioning (including protein synthesis) in the dorsal striatum (DS), but not the ventral striatum (VS). Conversely, disruption of the VS, but not the DS, impairs the acquisition of the “Stop” response. We hypothesize that the dorsal and ventral regions of the striatum function as a competitive neural network that encodes the temporal boundaries marking the beginning and end of a timed response sequence.
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Jones CRG, Jahanshahi M. Dopamine Modulates Striato-Frontal Functioning during Temporal Processing. Front Integr Neurosci 2011; 5:70. [PMID: 22046150 PMCID: PMC3200491 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
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39
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Pleil KE, Cordes S, Meck WH, Williams CL. Rapid and acute effects of estrogen on time perception in male and female rats. Front Integr Neurosci 2011; 5:63. [PMID: 22016725 PMCID: PMC3192991 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the rapid and acute effects of estradiol on time perception were investigated in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Because estradiol has been shown to increase striatal dopamine release, it may be able to modify time perception and timed performance by increasing the speed of an internal clock in a manner similar to indirect dopamine agonists such as amphetamine and cocaine. Two groups of females (neonatally estradiol-treated/adult ovariectomized and neonatally oil-treated/adult ovariectomized) and two groups of males (neonatally castrated and adult castrated) were trained in a 2 vs. 8-s duration bisection procedure and tested using intermediate signal durations. After obtaining oil-injected baseline psychometric functions over several days, rats were administered 5 μg of estradiol for 4 days and behaviorally evaluated 30 min following each injection. This oil-estradiol administration cycle was subsequently repeated three times following the re-establishment of baseline training. Results revealed significant sex differences in the initial baseline functions that were not modifiable by organizational hormones, with males' duration bisection functions shifted horizontally to the left of females'. Upon the first administration of estradiol, females, but not males, showed a significant, transient leftward shift in their bisection functions, indicative of an increase in clock speed. After extensive retraining in the duration bisection procedure, rats that were exposed to gonadal hormones during the first week of life showed a significant rightward shift in their bisection functions on the fourth day of estradiol administration during each cycle, suggesting a decrease in clock speed. Taken together, our results support the view that there are multiple mechanisms of estrogens' action in the striatum that modulate dopaminergic activity and are differentially organized by gonadal steroids during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Pleil
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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40
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Brown BL, Höhn S, Faure A, von Hörsten S, Le Blanc P, Desvignes N, El Massioui N, Doyère V. Temporal sensitivity changes with extended training in a bisection task in a transgenic rat model. Front Integr Neurosci 2011; 5:44. [PMID: 22102835 PMCID: PMC3215300 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated temporal perception in a Huntington disease transgenic rat model using a temporal bisection procedure. After initial discrimination training in which animals learned to press one lever after a 2-s tone duration, and the other lever after a 8-s tone duration for food reward, the bisection procedure was implemented in which intermediate durations with no available reinforcement were interspersed with trials with the anchor durations. Bisection tests were repeated in a longitudinal design from 4 to 8 months of age. The results showed that response latencies evolved from a monotonic step-function to an inverted U-shaped function with repeated testing, a precursor of non-responding on trials with intermediate durations. We inferred that temporal sensitivity and incentive motivation combined to control the transformation of the bisection task from a two-choice task at the outset of testing to a three-choice task with repeated testing. Changes in the structure of the task and/or continued training were accompanied by improvement in temporal sensitivity. In sum, the present data highlight the possible joint roles of temporal and non-temporal factors in the temporal bisection task, and suggested that non-temporal factors may compensate for deficits in temporal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Queens College Flushing, NY, USA
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41
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Fielding SA, Brooks SP, Klein A, Bayram-Weston Z, Jones L, Dunnett SB. Profiles of motor and cognitive impairment in the transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease. Brain Res Bull 2011; 88:223-36. [PMID: 21963415 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transgenic Huntington's disease (tgHD) rat strain provides a well regarded transgenic animal model of Huntington's disease, offering the prospect for a more detailed functional analysis in rats, along with neurological and therapeutic interventions, than is possible in the more widely available mouse models. In the present experiments, we compare the performance of heterozygous and homozygous tgHD rats against wildtype littermates on a range of motor and cognitive assessments in five separate cohorts of rats between 8 and 22 months of age. Male but not female heterozygous tgHD rats exhibit modest motor deficits in rotarod and staircase reaching tests, whereas most cognitive tests (including object recognition, exploration of novelty, delayed alternation, choice reaction time, and serial implicit learning tasks) revealed at best small or inconsistent deficits, in homozygous as well as heterozygous animals, up to 22 months of age. Thus, although we have observed modest but clear-cut deficits in motor phenotype, with a sex difference in line with previous reports, we have not established a robust cognitive impairment in this strain on a range of tasks sensitive to frontostriatal function, as required for testing novel (symptomatic, protective or reparative) therapeutics in a robust, valid, animal model of human Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Fielding
- The Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
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42
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Allman MJ, Meck WH. Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 135:656-77. [PMID: 21921020 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Distortions in time perception and timed performance are presented by a number of different neurological and psychiatric conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism). As a consequence, the primary focus of this review is on factors that define or produce systematic changes in the attention, clock, memory and decision stages of temporal processing as originally defined by Scalar Expectancy Theory. These findings are used to evaluate the Striatal Beat Frequency Theory, which is a neurobiological model of interval timing based upon the coincidence detection of oscillatory processes in corticostriatal circuits that can be mapped onto the stages of information processing proposed by Scalar Timing Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Allman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Yin B, Troger AB. Exploring the 4th dimension: hippocampus, time, and memory revisited. Front Integr Neurosci 2011; 5:36. [PMID: 21886612 PMCID: PMC3154297 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
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In brief. Nat Rev Neurol 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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