1
|
Ezzati MR, Ezzati MJ, Fattahi M, Mozafari R, Azizbeigi R, Haghparast A. The role of D1-like dopamine receptors within the ventral tegmental area in the cannabidiol's inhibitory effects on the methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111038. [PMID: 39097033 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive drug extracted from marijuana. It is well established that CBD attenuates the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, although its mechanism of action is not fully understood. The current study tries to clarify the role of D1-like dopamine receptors (D1R) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the inhibitory effects of the CBD on the acquisition and expression of methamphetamine (METH)-conditioned place preference (CPP). In the CPP training, adult male Wistar rats were conditioned with subcutaneous administration of METH (1mg/kg) for five days. Three groups of animals were treated with multiple doses of SCH23390 (as a D1R antagonist; 0.25, 1, and 4μg/0.3μl saline) in the VTA, respectively, before intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CBD (10μg/5μl DMSO) in the acquisition phase. In the second experiment of the study, rats received SCH23390 in the VTA before ICV administration of CBD (50μg/5μl DMSO) in the expression of METH CPP. Here, the current study demonstrated that CBD inhibits the acquisition and expression of METH CPP, while microinjection of D1R antagonists (1 and 4μg) into the VTA significantly reduced CBD's suppressive effect on the acquisition and expression of METH place preference. Furthermore, this research demonstrated that either SCH23390 or CBD alone does not lead to place preference in the CPP paradigm. Based on these data, this study suggests that pharmacological manipulations of D1R may alter the CBD's effect on METH-conditioned preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Ezzati
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ezzati
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fattahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mozafari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Azizbeigi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mojtabai R, Susukida R, Farokhnia M, Nguyen TQ, Dunn KE, Aminesmaeili M. Trajectories of craving in the course of pharmacotherapy trials for methamphetamine use disorder. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38984671 DOI: 10.1111/add.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to measure trajectories of craving for methamphetamine during the course of pharmacotherapy trials for methamphetamine use disorder. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Craving trajectories were identified using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling. The association of craving trajectories with drug use trajectories was examined using a dual trajectory model. Association of craving trajectories with other health and social outcomes was also examined. The study used pooled data from five randomized controlled pharmacotherapy trials for methamphetamine use disorder. A total of 866 adults with methamphetamine use disorder participated in randomized controlled pharmacotherapy trials. MEASUREMENT Craving was assessed weekly using the Brief Substance Craving Scale. Drug use was assessed using urine toxicology. Alcohol- and drug-related problems, as well as psychiatric, medical, legal, employment and relationship problems, were measured using the Addiction Severity Index. FINDINGS A three-trajectory model with high, medium and low craving trajectories was selected as the most parsimonious model. Craving trajectories were associated with methamphetamine use trajectories in the course of trial; 88.4% of those in the high craving trajectory group had a consistently high frequency of methamphetamine use compared with 18.7% of those in the low craving group. High craving was also associated with less improvement in most other outcomes and higher rate of dropout from treatment. In turn, low craving was associated with a rapidly decreasing frequency of methamphetamine use, greater improvement in most other outcomes and a lower rate of dropout. Participants on modafinil daily and ondansetron 1 mg twice daily were less likely to be in the high craving group compared with those on placebo. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of methamphetamine craving in the course of clinical trials for methamphetamine use disorder appear to be both highly variable and strongly associated with greater frequency of drug use, other drug-related outcomes and dropout from trials. Two medications, modafinil daily and ondansetron at a dose of 1 mg two times daily, appear to be associated with greater reduction in craving in the course of treatment compared with placebo. A decrease in methamphetamine craving shows promise as an early indicator of recovery from methamphetamine use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ryoko Susukida
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trang Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly E Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masoumeh Aminesmaeili
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goldberg LR, Baskin BM, Adla Y, Beierle JA, Kelliher JC, Yao EJ, Kirkpatrick SL, Reed ER, Jenkins DF, Luong AM, Luttik KP, Scotellaro JA, Drescher TA, Crotts SB, Yazdani N, Ferris MT, Johnson WE, Mulligan MK, Bryant CD. Atp1a2 and Kcnj9 are candidate genes underlying oxycodone behavioral sensitivity and withdrawal in C57BL/6 substrains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589731. [PMID: 38798314 PMCID: PMC11123399 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is heritable, yet its genetic etiology is largely unknown. Analysis of addiction model traits in rodents (e.g., opioid behavioral sensitivity and withdrawal) can facilitate genetic and mechanistic discovery. C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NJ substrains have extremely limited genetic diversity, yet can show reliable phenotypic diversity which together, can facilitate gene discovery. The C57BL/6NJ substrain was less sensitive to oxycodone (OXY)-induced locomotor activity compared to the C57BL/6J substrain. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in an F2 cross identified a distal chromosome 1 QTL explaining 7-12% of the variance in OXY locomotor sensitivity and anxiety-like withdrawal in the elevated plus maze. We identified a second QTL for withdrawal on chromosome 5 near the candidate gene Gabra2 (alpha-2 subunit of GABA-A receptor) explaining 9% of the variance. Next, we generated recombinant lines from an F2 founder spanning the distal chromosome 1 locus (163-181 Mb), captured the QTL for OXY sensitivity and withdrawal, and fine-mapped a 2.45-Mb region (170.16-172.61 Mb). There were five striatal cis-eQTL transcripts in this region (Pcp4l1, Ncstn, Atp1a2, Kcnj9, Igsf9), two of which were confirmed at the protein level (KCNJ9, ATP1A2). Kcnj9, a.k.a., GIRK3, codes for a potassium channel that is a major effector of mu opioid receptor signaling. Atp1a2 codes for a subunit of a Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme that regulates neuronal excitability and shows adaptations following chronic opioid administration. To summarize, we identified genetic sources of opioid behavioral differences in C57BL/6 substrains, two of the most widely and often interchangeably used substrains in opioid addiction research.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fultz EK, Nei AYT, Chi JC, Lichter JN, Szumlinski KK. Effects of systemic pretreatment with the NAALADase inhibitor 2-PMPA on oral methamphetamine reinforcement in C57BL/6J mice. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1297275. [PMID: 38638417 PMCID: PMC11024460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1297275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Repeated exposure to methamphetamine (MA) in laboratory rodents induces a sensitization of glutamate release within the corticoaccumbens pathway that drives both the rewarding and reinforcing properties of this highly addictive drug. Such findings argue the potential for pharmaceutical agents inhibiting glutamate release or its postsynaptic actions at glutamate receptors as treatment strategies for MA use disorder. One compound that may accomplish both of these pharmacological actions is the N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) inhibitor 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA). 2-PMPA elevates brain levels of the endogenous agonist of glutamate mGluR3 autoreceptors, N-acetyl-aspartatylglutamate (NAAG), while potentially acting as an NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist. Of relevance to treating psychomotor stimulant use disorders, 2-PMPA is reported to reduce indices of both cocaine and synthetic cathinone reward, as well as cocaine reinforcement in preclinical rodent studies. Method Herein, we conducted three experiments to pilot the effects of systemic pretreatment with 2-PMPA (0-100 mg/kg, IP) on oral MA self-administration in C57BL/6J mice. The first experiment employed female mice with a prolonged history of MA exposure, while the mice in the second (females) and third (males and females) experiment were MA-naïve prior to study. In all experiments, mice were trained daily to nose-poke for delivery of unadulterated MA solutions until responding stabilized. Then, mice were pretreated with 2-PMPA prior to operant-conditioning sessions in which nose-poking behavior was reinforced by delivery of 120 mg/L or 200 mg/L MA (respectively, in Experiments 1 and 2/3). Results Contrary to our expectations, 30 mg/kg 2-PMPA pretreatment altered neither appetitive nor consummatory measures related to MA self-administration. In Experiment 3, 100 mg/kg 2-PMPA reduced responding in the MA-reinforced hole, as well as the number of reinforcers earned, but did not significantly lower drug intake. Discussion These results provide mixed evidenced related to the efficacy of this NAALADase inhibitor for reducing oral MA reinforcement in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K. Fultz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Y. T. Nei
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Joyce C. Chi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jacqueline N. Lichter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Denning CJE, Madory LE, Herbert JN, Cabrera RA, Szumlinski KK. Neuropharmacological Evidence Implicating Drug-Induced Glutamate Receptor Dysfunction in Affective and Cognitive Sequelae of Subchronic Methamphetamine Self-Administration in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1928. [PMID: 38339206 PMCID: PMC10856401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive drug, and MA use disorder is often comorbid with anxiety and cognitive impairment. These comorbid conditions are theorized to reflect glutamate-related neurotoxicity within the frontal cortical regions. However, our prior studies of MA-sensitized mice indicate that subchronic, behaviorally non-contingent MA treatment is sufficient to dysregulate glutamate transmission in mouse brain. Here, we extend this prior work to a mouse model of high-dose oral MA self-administration (0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 g/L; 1 h sessions × 7 days) and show that while female C57BL/6J mice consumed more MA than males, MA-experienced mice of both sexes exhibited some signs of anxiety-like behavior in a behavioral test battery, although not all effects were concentration-dependent. No MA effects were detected for our measures of visually cued spatial navigation, spatial learning, or memory in the Morris water maze; however, females with a history of 3.2 g/L MA exhibited reversal-learning deficits in this task, and mice with a history of 1.6 g/L MA committed more working-memory incorrect errors and relied upon a non-spatial navigation strategy during the radial-arm maze testing. Relative to naïve controls, MA-experienced mice exhibited several changes in the expression of certain glutamate receptor-related proteins and their downstream effectors within the ventral and dorsal areas of the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala, many of which were sex-selective. Systemic pretreatment with the mGlu1-negative allosteric modulator JNJ 162596858 reversed the anxiety-like behavior expressed by MA-experienced mice in the marble-burying test, while systemic pretreatment with NMDA or the NMDA antagonist MK-801 bi-directionally affected the MA-induced reversal-learning deficit. Taken together, these data indicate that a relatively brief history of oral MA is sufficient to induce some signs of anxiety-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction during early withdrawal that reflect, at least in part, MA-induced changes in the corticolimbic expression of certain glutamate receptor subtypes of potential relevance to treating symptoms of MA use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. E. Denning
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (C.J.E.D.); (L.E.M.); (J.N.H.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Lauren E. Madory
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (C.J.E.D.); (L.E.M.); (J.N.H.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Jessica N. Herbert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (C.J.E.D.); (L.E.M.); (J.N.H.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Ryan A. Cabrera
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (C.J.E.D.); (L.E.M.); (J.N.H.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (C.J.E.D.); (L.E.M.); (J.N.H.); (R.A.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duffy EP, Bachtell RK, Ehringer MA. Opioid trail: Tracking contributions to opioid use disorder from host genetics to the gut microbiome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105487. [PMID: 38040073 PMCID: PMC10836641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a worldwide public health crisis with few effective treatment options. Traditional genetics and neuroscience approaches have provided knowledge about biological mechanisms that contribute to OUD-related phenotypes, but the complexity and magnitude of effects in the brain and body remain poorly understood. The gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising target for future therapeutics for several psychiatric conditions, so characterizing the relationship between host genetics and the gut microbiome in the context of OUD will be essential for development of novel treatments. In this review, we describe evidence that interactions between host genetics, the gut microbiome, and immune signaling likely play a key role in mediating opioid-related phenotypes. Studies in humans and model organisms consistently demonstrated that genetic background is a major determinant of gut microbiome composition. Furthermore, the gut microbiome is susceptible to environmental influences such as opioid exposure. Additional work focused on gene by microbiome interactions will be necessary to gain improved understanding of their effects on OUD-related behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn P Duffy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan K Bachtell
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brownmiller T, Caplen NJ. The HNRNPF/H RNA binding proteins and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1788. [PMID: 37042074 PMCID: PMC10523889 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The members of the HNRNPF/H family of heterogeneous nuclear RNA proteins-HNRNPF, HNRNPH1, HNRNPH2, HNRNPH3, and GRSF1, are critical regulators of RNA maturation. Documented functions of these proteins include regulating splicing, particularly alternative splicing, 5' capping and 3' polyadenylation of RNAs, and RNA export. The assignment of these proteins to the HNRNPF/H protein family members relates to differences in the amino acid composition of their RNA recognition motifs, which differ from those of other RNA binding proteins (RBPs). HNRNPF/H proteins typically bind RNA sequences enriched with guanine (G) residues, including sequences that, in the presence of a cation, have the potential to form higher-order G-quadruplex structures. The need to further investigate members of the HNRNPF/H family of RBPs has intensified with the recent descriptions of their involvement in several disease states, including the pediatric tumor Ewing sarcoma and the hematological malignancy mantle cell lymphoma; newly described groups of developmental syndromes; and neuronal-related disorders, including addictive behavior. Here, to foster the study of the HNRNPF/H family of RBPs, we discuss features of the genes encoding these proteins, their structures and functions, and emerging contributions to disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayvia Brownmiller
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha J Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beierle JA, Yao EJ, Goldstein SI, Lynch WB, Scotellaro JL, Shah AA, Sena KD, Wong AL, Linnertz CL, Averin O, Moody DE, Reilly CA, Peltz G, Emili A, Ferris MT, Bryant CD. Zhx2 Is a Candidate Gene Underlying Oxymorphone Metabolite Brain Concentration Associated with State-Dependent Oxycodone Reward. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:167-180. [PMID: 35688478 PMCID: PMC9341249 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pharmacogenomics of opioid metabolism and behavior is vital to therapeutic success, as mutations can dramatically alter therapeutic efficacy and addiction liability. We found robust, sex-dependent BALB/c substrain differences in oxycodone behaviors and whole brain concentration of oxycodone metabolites. BALB/cJ females showed robust state-dependent oxycodone reward learning as measured via conditioned place preference when compared with the closely related BALB/cByJ substrain. Accordingly, BALB/cJ females also showed a robust increase in brain concentration of the inactive metabolite noroxycodone and the active metabolite oxymorphone compared with BALB/cByJ mice. Oxymorphone is a highly potent, full agonist at the mu opioid receptor that could enhance drug-induced interoception and state-dependent oxycodone reward learning. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a BALB/c F2 reduced complexity cross revealed one major QTL on chromosome 15 underlying brain oxymorphone concentration that explained 32% of the female variance. BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ differ by fewer than 10,000 variants, which can greatly facilitate candidate gene/variant identification. Hippocampal and striatal cis-expression QTL (eQTL) and exon-level eQTL analysis identified Zhx2, a candidate gene coding for a transcriptional repressor with a private BALB/cJ retroviral insertion that reduces Zhx2 expression and sex-dependent dysregulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Whole brain proteomics corroborated the Zhx2 eQTL and identified upregulated CYP2D11 that could increase brain oxymorphone in BALB/cJ females. To summarize, Zhx2 is a highly promising candidate gene underlying brain oxycodone metabolite levels. Future studies will validate Zhx2 and its site of action using reciprocal gene editing and tissue-specific viral manipulations in BALB/c substrains. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our findings show that genetic variation can result in sex-specific alterations in whole brain concentration of a bioactive opioid metabolite after oxycodone administration, reinforcing the need for sex as a biological factor in pharmacogenomic studies. The cooccurrence of female-specific increased oxymorphone and state-dependent reward learning suggests that this minor yet potent and efficacious metabolite of oxycodone could increase opioid interoception and drug-cue associative learning of opioid reward, which has implications for cue-induced relapse of drug-seeking behavior and for precision pharmacogenetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Beierle
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Emily J Yao
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Stanley I Goldstein
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - William B Lynch
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Julia L Scotellaro
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Anyaa A Shah
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Katherine D Sena
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Alyssa L Wong
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Colton L Linnertz
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Olga Averin
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - David E Moody
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Gary Peltz
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Andrew Emili
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology (J.A.B., S.I.G.), Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry (J.A.B., E.J.Y., W.B.L., J.L.S., A.A.S., K.D.S., A.L.W., C.D.B.), Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Network Systems Biology (S.I.G., A.E.), and Graduate Program in Neuroscience (W.B.L), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS) (J.A.B., W.B.L.) and Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (J.L.S., K.D.S.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.L.L., M.T.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicity, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (O.A., D.E.M., C.A.R.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Preoperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vo T, Brownmiller T, Hall K, Jones TL, Choudhari S, Grammatikakis I, Ludwig KR, Caplen NJ. HNRNPH1 destabilizes the G-quadruplex structures formed by G-rich RNA sequences that regulate the alternative splicing of an oncogenic fusion transcript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6474-6496. [PMID: 35639772 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of physiological monovalent cations, thousands of RNA G-rich sequences can form parallel G-quadruplexes (G4s) unless RNA-binding proteins inhibit, destabilize, or resolve the formation of such secondary RNA structures. Here, we have used a disease-relevant model system to investigate the biophysical properties of the RNA-binding protein HNRNPH1's interaction with G-rich sequences. We demonstrate the importance of two EWSR1-exon 8 G-rich regions in mediating the exclusion of this exon from the oncogenic EWS-FLI1 transcripts expressed in a subset of Ewing sarcomas, using complementary analysis of tumor data, long-read sequencing, and minigene studies. We determined that HNRNPH1 binds the EWSR1-exon 8 G-rich sequences with low nM affinities irrespective of whether in a non-G4 or G4 state but exhibits different kinetics depending on RNA structure. Specifically, HNRNPH1 associates and dissociates from G4-folded RNA faster than the identical sequences in a non-G4 state. Importantly, we demonstrate using gel shift and spectroscopic assays that HNRNPH1, particularly the qRRM1-qRRM2 domains, destabilizes the G4s formed by the EWSR1-exon 8 G-rich sequences in a non-catalytic fashion. Our results indicate that HNRNPH1's binding of G-rich sequences favors the accumulation of RNA in a non-G4 state and that this contributes to its regulation of RNA processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tam Vo
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tayvia Brownmiller
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Hall
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamara L Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natasha J Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jimenez Chavez CL, Van Doren E, Matalon J, Ogele N, Kharwa A, Madory L, Kazerani I, Herbert J, Torres-Gonzalez J, Rivera E, Szumlinski KK. Alcohol-Drinking Under Limited-Access Procedures During Mature Adulthood Accelerates the Onset of Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:732375. [PMID: 35685271 PMCID: PMC9171112 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.732375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A history of heavy drinking increases vulnerability to, and the severity of, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias, with alcohol use disorder identified as the strongest modifiable risk factor for early-onset dementia. Heavy drinking has increased markedly in women over the past 10 years, particularly in mature adult women during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This is concerning as women are more sensitive to many alcohol-related disease states, including AD and related dementias. Herein, we conducted two studies to determine if a 1-month period of binge drinking during mature adulthood (i.e., 5–9 months of age) impairs spatial and working memory to a greater extent in female vs. male C57BL/6J (B6J) mice. The anxiogenic and cognitive-impairing effects of binge drinking were also compared between mature adult and old B6J mice (18 months of age) in a third study. Throughout, females consumed more alcohol than males, indicating that a sex difference in binge drinking persists into old age. Despite the sex difference in intake, we detected no consistent sex difference in our measures of alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety during a behavioral test battery. Although mature adult females exhibited more cognitive deficits than males, the precise outcome exhibiting a female-selective effect varied across studies. Old mice drank lower amounts of alcohol than mature adult mice, yet their blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) were within error of the 80 mg/dl criterion for binge drinking, indicative of an age-related slowing of alcohol metabolism. As expected, 18-month-old controls exhibited more signs of cognitive impairment than their 6-month-old counterparts, and binge drinking history impaired the Morris water maze performance of mice of both ages. In contrast, binge drinking history impaired the radial arm maze performance of 6-month-old mice only, and the extent of the impairment was comparable to the behavior exhibited by the older mice. We conclude from our studies that: (1) both biological sex and the age of drinking onset are subject factors that impact voluntary alcohol consumption by mice into old age; (2) binge drinking during later life elicits a negative affective state that is relatively sex-independent; (3) binge drinking during both mature adulthood and old age impairs spatial learning and memory; (4) binge drinking during mature adulthood accelerates deficits in working memory; and (5) mature adult females tend to exhibit more alcohol-induced cognitive impairments than males. If relevant to humans, these findings suggest that binge-like drinking by older adult men and women induces a negative affective state and cognitive decline, but that mature adult women, in particular, may be more sensitive to both the immediate and persistent cognitive-impairing effects of heavy drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Eliyana Van Doren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Matalon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Nneoma Ogele
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Aadithya Kharwa
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Lauren Madory
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Ida Kazerani
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Herbert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jose Torres-Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Emely Rivera
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karen K. Szumlinski
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Honeywell KM, Doren EV, Szumlinski KK. Selective Inhibition of PDE4B Reduces Methamphetamine Reinforcement in Two C57BL/6 Substrains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4872. [PMID: 35563262 PMCID: PMC9099926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug, and the number of MA-related overdose deaths has reached epidemic proportions. Repeated MA exposure induces a robust and persistent neuroinflammatory response, and the evidence supports the potential utility of targeting neuroimmune function using non-selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for attenuating addiction-related behavior. Off-target, emetic effects associated with non-selective PDE4 blockade led to the development of isozyme-selective inhibitors, of which the PDE4B-selective inhibitor A33 was demonstrated recently to reduce binge drinking in two genetically related C57BL/6 (B6) substrains (C57BL/6NJ (B6NJ) and C57BL/6J (B6J)) that differ in their innate neuroimmune response. Herein, we determined the efficacy of A33 for reducing MA self-administration and MA-seeking behavior in these two B6 substrains. Female and male mice of both substrains were first trained to nose poke for a 100 mg/L MA solution followed by a characterization of the dose-response function for oral MA reinforcement (20 mg/L-3.2 g/L), the demand-response function for 400 mg/L MA, and cue-elicited MA seeking following a period of forced abstinence. During this substrain comparison of MA self-administration, we also determined the dose-response function for A33 pretreatment (0-1 mg/kg) on the maintenance of MA self-administration and cue-elicited MA seeking. Relative to B6NJ mice, B6J mice earned fewer reinforcers, consumed less MA, and took longer to reach acquisition criterion with males of both substrains exhibiting some signs of lower MA reinforcement than their female counterparts during the acquisition phase of the study. A33 pretreatment reduced MA reinforcement at all doses tested. These findings provide the first evidence that pretreatment with a selective PDE4B inhibitor effectively reduces MA self-administration in both male and female mice of two genetically distinct substrains but does not impact cue-elicited MA seeking following abstinence. If relevant to humans, these results posit the potential clinical utility of A33 or other selective PDE4B inhibitors for curbing active drug-taking in MA use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Honeywell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA; (K.M.H.); (E.V.D.)
| | - Eliyana Van Doren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA; (K.M.H.); (E.V.D.)
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA; (K.M.H.); (E.V.D.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ding J, Shen L, Ye Y, Hu S, Ren Z, Liu T, Dai J, Li Z, Wang J, Luo Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Qi X, Huang J. Inflammasome Inhibition Prevents Motor Deficit and Cerebellar Degeneration Induced by Chronic Methamphetamine Administration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:861340. [PMID: 35431795 PMCID: PMC9010733 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.861340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), a psychostimulant, has the potential to cause neurodegeneration by targeting the cerebrum and cerebellum. It has been suggested that the NLRP3 inflammasome may be responsible for the neurotoxicity caused by METH. However, the role of NLRP3 in METH-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) degeneration and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. This study aims to determine the consequences of NLRP3 modulation and the underlying mechanism of chronic METH-induced cerebellar PC degeneration. In METH mice models, increased NLRP3 expression, PC degeneration, myelin sheath destruction, axon degeneration, glial cell activation, and motor coordination impairment were observed. Using the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, we found that inhibiting NLRP3 alleviated the above-mentioned motor deficits and cerebellar pathologies. Furthermore, decreased mature IL-1β expression mediated by Caspase 1 in the cerebellum may be associated with the neuroprotective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Collectively, these findings suggest that mature IL-1β secretion mediated by NLRP3-ASC-Caspase 1 may be a critical step in METH-induced cerebellar degeneration and highlight the neuroprotective properties of inflammasome inhibition in cerebellar degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanliang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Good Clinical Practice Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jialin Dai
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Luo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiaojun Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiali Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xue X, Zong W, Glausier JR, Kim SM, Shelton MA, Phan BN, Srinivasan C, Pfenning AR, Tseng GC, Lewis DA, Seney ML, Logan RW. Molecular rhythm alterations in prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens associated with opioid use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:123. [PMID: 35347109 PMCID: PMC8960783 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe and persistent disruptions to sleep and circadian rhythms are common in people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Preclinical evidence suggests altered molecular rhythms in the brain modulate opioid reward and relapse. However, whether molecular rhythms are disrupted in the brains of people with OUD remained an open question, critical to understanding the role of circadian rhythms in opioid addiction. Using subjects' times of death as a marker of time of day, we investigated transcriptional rhythms in the brains of subjects with OUD compared to unaffected comparison subjects. We discovered rhythmic transcripts in both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), key brain areas involved in OUD, that were largely distinct between OUD and unaffected subjects. Fewer rhythmic transcripts were identified in DLPFC of subjects with OUD compared to unaffected subjects, whereas in the NAc, nearly double the number of rhythmic transcripts was identified in subjects with OUD. In NAc of subjects with OUD, rhythmic transcripts peaked either in the evening or near sunrise, and were associated with an opioid, dopamine, and GABAergic neurotransmission. Associations with altered neurotransmission in NAc were further supported by co-expression network analysis which identified OUD-specific modules enriched for transcripts involved in dopamine, GABA, and glutamatergic synaptic functions. Additionally, rhythmic transcripts in DLPFC and NAc of subjects with OUD were enriched for genomic loci associated with sleep-related GWAS traits, including sleep duration and insomnia. Collectively, our findings connect transcriptional rhythm changes in opioidergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic signaling in the human brain to sleep-related traits in opioid addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Xue
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Wei Zong
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Jill R. Glausier
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Micah A. Shelton
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - BaDoi N. Phan
- grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Chaitanya Srinivasan
- grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Andreas R. Pfenning
- grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - George C. Tseng
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - David A. Lewis
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Marianne L. Seney
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luteolin Ameliorates Methamphetamine-Induced Podocyte Pathology by Inhibiting Tau Phosphorylation in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5909926. [PMID: 35368760 PMCID: PMC8970803 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5909926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) can cause kidney dysfunction. Luteolin is a flavonoid compound that can alleviate kidney dysfunction. We aimed to observe the renal-protective effect of luteolin on METH-induced nephropathies and to clarify the potential mechanism of action. The mice were treated with METH (1.0–20.0 mg/kg/d bodyweight) for 14 consecutive days. Morphological studies, renal function, and podocyte specific proteins were analyzed in the chronic METH model in vivo. Cultured podocytes were used to support the protective effects of luteolin on METH-induced podocyte injury. We observed increased levels of p-Tau and p-GSK3β and elevated glomerular pathology, renal dysfunction, renal fibrosis, foot process effacement, macrophage infiltration, and podocyte specific protein loss. Inhibition of GSK3β activation protected METH-induced kidney injury. Furthermore, luteolin could obliterate glomerular pathologies, inhibit podocyte protein loss, and stop p-Tau level increase. Luteolin could also abolish the METH-induced podocyte injury by inactivating GSK3β-p-Tau in cultured podocytes. These results indicate that luteolin might ameliorate methamphetamine-induced podocyte pathology through GSK3β-p-Tau axis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang P, Ma X, Han S, Ma L, Ai J, Wu L, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Tian M, Tao WA, Zhang S, Chai R. Characterization of the microRNA transcriptomes and proteomics of cochlear tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles from mice of different ages after birth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:154. [PMID: 35218422 PMCID: PMC11072265 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cochlea is an important sensory organ for both balance and sound perception, and the formation of the cochlea is a complex developmental process. The development of the mouse cochlea begins on embryonic day (E)9 and continues until postnatal day (P)21 when the hearing system is considered mature. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), with a diameter ranging from 30 to 200 nm, have been considered a significant medium for information communication in both physiological and pathological processes. However, there are no studies exploring the role of sEVs in the development of the cochlea. Here, we isolated tissue-derived sEVs from the cochleae of FVB mice at P3, P7, P14, and P21 by ultracentrifugation. These sEVs were first characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting. Next, we used small RNA-seq and mass spectrometry to characterize the microRNA transcriptomes and proteomes of cochlear sEVs from mice at different ages. Many microRNAs and proteins were discovered to be related to inner ear development, anatomical structure development, and auditory nervous system development. These results all suggest that sEVs exist in the cochlea and are likely to be essential for the normal development of the auditory system. Our findings provide many sEV microRNA and protein targets for future studies of the roles of cochlear sEVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shanying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Leyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jingru Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hairong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Mengyao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
| | - Shasha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bazylianska V, Sharma A, Chauhan H, Schneider B, Moszczynska A. Dopamine and Methamphetamine Differentially Affect Electron Transport Chain Complexes and Parkin in Rat Striatum: New Insight into Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010363. [PMID: 35008791 PMCID: PMC8745447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly abused psychostimulant that is neurotoxic to dopaminergic (DAergic) nerve terminals in the striatum and increases the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). In vivo, METH-mediated DA release, followed by DA-mediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in pre- and postsynaptic neurons, mediates METH neurotoxicity. METH-triggered oxidative stress damages parkin, a neuroprotective protein involved in PD etiology via its involvement in the maintenance of mitochondria. It is not known whether METH itself contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and whether parkin regulates complex I, an enzymatic complex downregulated in PD. To determine this, we separately assessed the effects of METH or DA alone on electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and the protein parkin in isolated striatal mitochondria. We show that METH decreases the levels of selected complex I, II, and III subunits (NDUFS3, SDHA, and UQCRC2, respectively), whereas DA decreases the levels only of the NDUFS3 subunit in our preparations. We also show that the selected subunits are not decreased in synaptosomal mitochondria under similar experimental conditions. Finally, we found that parkin overexpression does not influence the levels of the NDUFS3 subunit in rat striatum. The presented results indicate that METH itself is a factor promoting dysfunction of striatal mitochondria; therefore, it is a potential drug target against METH neurotoxicity. The observed decreases in ETC complex subunits suggest that DA and METH decrease activities of the ETC complexes via oxidative damage to their subunits and that synaptosomal mitochondria may be somewhat “resistant” to DA- and METH-induced disruption in mitochondrial ETC complexes than perikaryal mitochondria. The results also suggest that parkin does not regulate NDUFS3 turnover in rat striatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Akhil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Heli Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Bernard Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goldberg LR, Yao EJ, Kelliher JC, Reed ER, Cox JW, Parks C, Kirkpatrick SL, Beierle JA, Chen MM, Johnson WE, Homanics GE, Williams RW, Bryant CD, Mulligan MK. A quantitative trait variant in Gabra2 underlies increased methamphetamine stimulant sensitivity. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12774. [PMID: 34677900 PMCID: PMC9083095 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulant (methamphetamine, cocaine) use disorders have a genetic component that remains mostly unknown. We conducted genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of methamphetamine stimulant sensitivity. To facilitate gene identification, we employed a Reduced Complexity Cross between closely related C57BL/6 mouse substrains and examined maximum speed and distance traveled over 30 min following methamphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.). For maximum methamphetamine-induced speed following the second and third administration, we identified a single genome-wide significant QTL on chromosome 11 that peaked near the Cyfip2 locus (LOD = 3.5, 4.2; peak = 21 cM [36 Mb]). For methamphetamine-induced distance traveled following the first and second administration, we identified a genome-wide significant QTL on chromosome 5 that peaked near a functional intronic indel in Gabra2 coding for the alpha-2 subunit of the GABA-A receptor (LOD = 3.6-5.2; peak = 34-35 cM [66-67 Mb]). Striatal cis-expression QTL mapping corroborated Gabra2 as a functional candidate gene underlying methamphetamine-induced distance traveled. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of the mutant intronic deletion on the C57BL/6J background to the wild-type C57BL/6NJ allele was sufficient to reduce methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity toward the wild-type C57BL/6NJ-like level, thus validating the quantitative trait variant (QTV). These studies show the power and efficiency of Reduced Complexity Crosses in identifying causal variants underlying complex traits. Functionally restoring Gabra2 expression decreased methamphetamine stimulant sensitivity and supports preclinical and human genetic studies implicating the GABA-A receptor in psychostimulant addiction-relevant traits. Importantly, our findings have major implications for studying psychostimulants in the C57BL/6J strain-the gold standard strain in biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Goldberg
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NIGMS T32 Ph.D. Training Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily J. Yao
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia C. Kelliher
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric R. Reed
- Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiayi Wu Cox
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cory Parks
- Department of Agricultural, Biology, and Health Sciences, Cameron University, Lawton, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stacey L. Kirkpatrick
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob A. Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NIGMS T32 Ph.D. Training Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melanie M. Chen
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William E. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Computational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregg E. Homanics
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan K. Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kantak KM, Stots C, Mathieson E, Bryant CD. Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat substrains show differences in model traits for addiction risk and cocaine self-administration: Implications for a novel rat reduced complexity cross. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113406. [PMID: 34097899 PMCID: PMC8265396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Forward genetic mapping of F2 crosses between closely related substrains of inbred rodents - referred to as a reduced complexity cross (RCC) - is a relatively new strategy for accelerating the pace of gene discovery for complex traits, such as drug addiction. RCCs to date were generated in mice, but rats are thought to be optimal for addiction genetic studies. Based on past literature, one inbred Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat substrain, SHR/NCrl, is predicted to exhibit a distinct behavioral profile as it relates to cocaine self-administration traits relative to another substrain, SHR/NHsd. Direct substrain comparisons are a necessary first step before implementing an RCC. We evaluated model traits for cocaine addiction risk and cocaine self-administration behaviors using a longitudinal within-subjects design. Impulsive-like and compulsive-like traits were greater in SHR/NCrl than SHR/NHsd, as were reactivity to sucrose reward, sensitivity to acute psychostimulant effects of cocaine, and cocaine use studied under fixed-ratio and tandem schedules of cocaine self-administration. Compulsive-like behavior correlated with the acute psychostimulant effects of cocaine, which in turn correlated with cocaine taking under the tandem schedule. Compulsive-like behavior also was the best predictor of cocaine seeking responses. Heritability estimates indicated that 22 %-40 % of the variances for the above phenotypes can be explained by additive genetic factors, providing sufficient genetic variance to conduct genetic mapping in F2 crosses of SHR/NCrl and SHR/NHsd. These results provide compelling support for using an RCC approach in SHR substrains to uncover candidate genes and variants that are of relevance to cocaine use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Kantak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carissa Stots
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elon Mathieson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sharma A, Bazylianska V, Moszczynska A. Parkin-deficient rats are resistant to neurotoxicity of chronic high-dose methamphetamine. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113811. [PMID: 34298012 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive and powerful central nervous system psychostimulant with no FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. Parkin is a neuroprotective protein and its loss of function contributes to Parkinson's disease. This study used 3-month-old homozygous parkin knockout (PKO) rats to determine whether loss of parkin protein potentiates neurotoxicity of chronic METH to the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. PKO rats were chronically treated with 10 mg/kg METH for 10 consecutive days and assessed for neurotoxicity markers in the striatum on the 5th and 10th day of withdrawal from METH. The PKO rats showed higher METH-induced hyperthermia; however, they did not display augmented deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity markers, astrocyte activation or decreased mitochondrial enzyme levels as compared to wild-type (WT) rats. Interestingly, saline-treated PKO rats had lower levels of dopamine (DA) as well as mitochondrial complex I and II levels while having increased basal levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of gliosis. These results indicate PKO display a certain resistance to METH neurotoxicity, possibly mediated by lowered DA levels and downregulated mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schnöder L, Tomic I, Schwindt L, Helm D, Rettel M, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Krause E, Rettig J, Fassbender K, Liu Y. P38α-MAPK phosphorylates Snapin and reduces Snapin-mediated BACE1 transportation in APP-transgenic mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21691. [PMID: 34118085 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100017r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is the major pathogenic molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 enzyme is essential for the generation of Aβ. Deficiency of p38α-MAPK in neurons increases lysosomal degradation of BACE1 and decreases Aβ deposition in the brain of APP-transgenic mice. However, the mechanisms mediating effects of p38α-MAPK are largely unknown. In this study, we used APP-transgenic mice and cultured neurons and observed that deletion of p38α-MAPK specifically in neurons decreased phosphorylation of Snapin at serine, increased retrograde transportation of BACE1 in axons and reduced BACE1 at synaptic terminals, which suggests that p38α-MAPK deficiency promotes axonal transportation of BACE1 from its predominant locations, axonal terminals, to lysosomes in the cell body. In vitro kinase assay revealed that p38α-MAPK directly phosphorylates Snapin. By further performing mass spectrometry analysis and site-directed mutagenic experiments in SH-SY5Y cell lines, we identified serine residue 112 as a p38α-MAPK-phosphorylating site on Snapin. Replacement of serine 112 with alanine did abolish p38α-MAPK knockdown-induced reduction of BACE1 activity and protein level, and transportation to lysosomes in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our study suggests that activation of p38α-MAPK phosphorylates Snapin and inhibits the retrograde transportation of BACE1 in axons, which might exaggerate amyloid pathology in AD brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schnöder
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Inge Tomic
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Laura Schwindt
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Rettel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elmar Krause
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Rettig
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Borrelli KN, Langan CR, Dubinsky KR, Szumlinski KK, Carlezon WA, Chartoff EH, Bryant CD. Intracranial self-stimulation and concomitant behaviors following systemic methamphetamine administration in Hnrnph1 mutant mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2031-2041. [PMID: 33758972 PMCID: PMC8715365 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methamphetamine (MA) addiction is a major public health issue in the USA, with a poorly understood genetic component. We previously identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (Hnrnph1; H1) as a quantitative trait gene underlying sensitivity to MA-induced behavioral sensitivity. Mice heterozygous for a frameshift deletion in the first coding exon of H1 (H1+/-) showed reduced MA phenotypes including oral self-administration, locomotor activity, dopamine release, and dose-dependent differences in MA conditioned place preference. However, the effects of H1+/- on innate and MA-modulated reward sensitivity are not known. OBJECTIVES We examined innate reward sensitivity and facilitation by MA in H1+/- mice via intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). METHODS We used intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of the medial forebrain bundle to assess shifts in reward sensitivity following acute, ascending doses of MA (0.5-4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) using a within-subjects design. We also assessed video-recorded behaviors during ICSS testing sessions. RESULTS H1+/- mice displayed reduced normalized maximum response rates in response to MA. H1+/- females had lower normalized M50 values compared to wild-type females, suggesting enhanced reward facilitation by MA. Finally, regardless of genotype, there was a dose-dependent reduction in distance to the response wheel following MA administration, providing an additional measure of MA-induced reward-driven behavior. CONCLUSIONS H1+/- mice displayed a complex ICSS phenotype following MA, displaying indications of both blunted reward magnitude (lower normalized maximum response rates) and enhanced reward sensitivity specific to H1+/- females (lower normalized M50 values).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn N Borrelli
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, L-606C, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Ph.D. Training Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carly R Langan
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, L-606C, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kyra R Dubinsky
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, L-606C, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Elena H Chartoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, L-606C, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Celli R, Biagioni F, Fornai F. Autophagy as a gateway for the effects of methamphetamine: From neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102112. [PMID: 34171442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major eukaryotic cell clearing machinery, autophagy grants cell proteostasis, which is key for neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival. In line with this, besides neuropathological events, autophagy dysfunctions are bound to synaptic alterations that occur in mental disorders, and early on, in neurodegenerative diseases. This is also the case of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, which leads to psychiatric disturbances and neurotoxicity. While consistently altering the autophagy machinery, METH produces behavioral and neurotoxic effects through molecular and biochemical events that can be recapitulated by autophagy blockade. These consist of altered physiological dopamine (DA) release, abnormal stimulation of DA and glutamate receptors, as well as oxidative, excitotoxic, and neuroinflammatory events. Recent molecular insights suggest that METH early impairs the autophagy machinery, though its functional significance remains to be investigated. Here we discuss evidence suggesting that alterations of DA transmission and autophagy are intermingled within a chain of events underlying behavioral alterations and neurodegenerative phenomena produced by METH. Understanding how METH alters the autophagy machinery is expected to provide novel insights into the neurobiology of METH addiction sharing some features with psychiatric disorders and parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Celli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Parkin regulates drug-taking behavior in rat model of methamphetamine use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:293. [PMID: 34001858 PMCID: PMC8129108 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no FDA-approved medication for methamphetamine (METH) use disorder. New therapeutic approaches are needed, especially for people who use METH heavily and are at high risk for overdose. This study used genetically engineered rats to evaluate PARKIN as a potential target for METH use disorder. PARKIN knockout, PARKIN-overexpressing, and wild-type young adult male Long Evans rats were trained to self-administer high doses of METH using an extended-access METH self-administration paradigm. Reinforcing/rewarding properties of METH were assessed by quantifying drug-taking behavior and time spent in a METH-paired environment. PARKIN knockout rats self-administered more METH and spent more time in the METH-paired environment than wild-type rats. Wild-type rats overexpressing PARKIN self-administered less METH and spent less time in the METH-paired environment. PARKIN knockout rats overexpressing PARKIN self-administered less METH during the first half of drug self-administration days than PARKIN-deficient rats. The results indicate that rats with PARKIN excess or PARKIN deficit are useful models for studying neural substrates underlying "resilience" or vulnerability to METH use disorder and identify PARKIN as a novel potential drug target to treat heavy use of METH.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ragu Varman D, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Jayanthi LD, Ramamoorthy S. Novelty-induced hyperactivity and suppressed cocaine induced locomotor activation in mice lacking threonine 53 phosphorylation of dopamine transporter. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113267. [PMID: 33794225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is dynamically regulated by several protein kinases and the Thr53 phosphorylation of DAT (pT53-DAT) is documented in heterologous cell models and in rat brain. However, the role of endogenous pT53-DAT in living animals has never been addressed. Here we generated and studied the pT53-lacking DAT mouse model (DAT-Ala53) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. DAT-Ala53 mice showed normal growth, body weight, body temperature, grip strength, and sucrose preference while pT53-DAT was completely absent. However, DAT-Ala53 mice showed hyperlocomotion, pronounced vertical exploratory behavior, and stereotypy in a novel environment compared to wild-type littermates (WT). DAT-Ala53 mice displayed unaltered levels of monoamines, glutamate, and GABA in the striatum compared to WT. There were also no significant differences between DAT-Ala53 mice and WT in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phospho-TH levels, or in total and surface DAT levels, or in DA-transport kinetic parameters Vmax and Km. Immunohistochemical and colocalization analyses of TH and DAT in caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens revealed no significant differences between DAT-Ala53 and WT mice. Interestingly, cocaine's potency to inhibit striatal DA transport and cocaine-induced locomotor activation were significantly reduced in the DAT-Ala53 mice. Also, ERK1/2 inhibitors completely failed to inhibit striatal DA uptake in DAT-Ala53 mice. Collectively, our findings reveal that the mice lacking pT53-DAT display novelty-induced hyperactive phenotype despite having normal transporter protein expression, DA-transport kinetics and DA-linked markers. The results also reveal that the lack of endogenous pT53-DAT renders DAT resistant to ERK1/2 inhibition and also less susceptible to cocaine inhibition and cocaine-evoked locomotor stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Ragu Varman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Lankupalle D Jayanthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Sammanda Ramamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fultz EK, Coelho MA, Lieberman D, Jimenez-Chavez CL, Bryant CD, Szumlinski KK. Hnrnph1 is a novel regulator of alcohol reward. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 220:108518. [PMID: 33454624 PMCID: PMC7899125 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hnrnph1 is a validated quantitative trait gene for methamphetamine behavioral sensitivity that encodes for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1). This RNA-binding protein is involved in all stages of RNA metabolism that impacts mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission to influence addiction-related behavior. METHODS We characterized the alcohol behavioral phenotypes of mice heterozygous for a deletion in the first coding exon of Hnrnph1 (Hnrnph1+/-). We examined alcohol intake under both continuous- and limited-access procedures, as well as alcohol-induced place-conditioning. Follow-up studies examined genotypic differences in the psychomotor-activating and sedative-hypnotic effects of acute and repeated alcohol, and a behavioral test battery was employed to determine the effects of Hnrnph1 deletion on the manifestation of negative affect during alcohol withdrawal. RESULTS Relative to wild-type (WT) controls, Hnrnph1+/- males exhibited blunted intake of high alcohol concentrations under both drinking procedures. Hnrnph1 deletion did not impact the conditioned rewarding properties of low-dose alcohol, but reversed the conditioned place-aversion elicited by higher alcohol doses (2 and 4 g/kg), with more robust effects in male versus female mice. No genotypic differences were observed for alcohol-induced locomotor activity. Hnrnph1+/- mice exhibited a modest increase in sensitivity to alcohol's sedative-hypnotic effects, but did not differ from WT mice with regard to tolerance to alcohol's sedative-hypnotic effects or alcohol metabolism, Inconsistent effects of Hnrnph1 deletion were observed in models for withdrawal-induced negative affect. CONCLUSIONS These data identify Hnrnph1 as a novel, male-selective, driver of alcohol consumption and high-dose alcohol aversion that is potentially relevant to the neurobiology of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K Fultz
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Michal A Coelho
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Dylan Lieberman
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States
| | | | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States; Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cellular Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fultz EK, Quadir SG, Martin D, Flaherty DM, Worley PF, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. ERK-Directed Phosphorylation of mGlu5 Gates Methamphetamine Reward and Reinforcement in Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031473. [PMID: 33540617 PMCID: PMC7867251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychomotor stimulant drug. In recent years, MA use has increased exponentially on a global scale, with the number of MA-involved deaths reaching epidemic proportions. There is no approved pharmacotherapy for treating MA use disorder, and we know relatively little regarding the neurobiological determinants of vulnerability to this disease. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is an important signaling molecule implicated in the long-lasting neuroadaptations purported to underlie the development of substance use disorders, but the role for this kinase in the propensity to develop addiction, particularly MA use disorder, is uncharacterized. In a previous MA-induced place-conditioning study of C57BL/6J mice, we characterized mice as MA-preferring, -neutral, or -avoiding and collected tissue from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Using immunoblotting, we determined that elevated phosphorylated ERK expression within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a biochemical correlate of the affective valence of MA in a population of C57BL/6J mice. We confirmed the functional relevance for mPFC ERK activation for MA-induced place-preference via site-directed infusion of the MEK inhibitor U0126. By contrast, ERK inhibition did not have any effect upon MA-induced locomotion or its sensitization upon repeated MA treatment. Through studies of transgenic mice with alanine point mutations on T1123/S1126 of mGlu5 that disrupt ERK-dependent phosphorylation of the receptor, we discovered that ERK-dependent mGlu5 phosphorylation normally suppresses MA-induced conditioned place-preference (MA-CPP), but is necessary for this drug’s reinforcing properties. If relevant to humans, the present results implicate individual differences in the capacity of MA-associated cues/contexts to hyper-activate ERK signaling within mPFC in MA Use Disorder vulnerability and pose mGlu5 as one ERK-directed target contributing to the propensity to seek out and take MA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K. Fultz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (E.K.F.); (S.G.Q.); (D.M.); (D.M.F.); (T.E.K.)
| | - Sema G. Quadir
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (E.K.F.); (S.G.Q.); (D.M.); (D.M.F.); (T.E.K.)
| | - Douglas Martin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (E.K.F.); (S.G.Q.); (D.M.); (D.M.F.); (T.E.K.)
| | - Daniel M. Flaherty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (E.K.F.); (S.G.Q.); (D.M.); (D.M.F.); (T.E.K.)
| | - Paul F. Worley
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Tod E. Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (E.K.F.); (S.G.Q.); (D.M.); (D.M.F.); (T.E.K.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (E.K.F.); (S.G.Q.); (D.M.); (D.M.F.); (T.E.K.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-805-893-2987; Fax: +1-805-893-4303
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Phillips TJ, Roy T, Aldrich SJ, Baba H, Erk J, Mootz JRK, Reed C, Chesler EJ. Confirmation of a Causal Taar1 Allelic Variant in Addiction-Relevant Methamphetamine Behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:725839. [PMID: 34512422 PMCID: PMC8428522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to rewarding and reinforcing drug effects has a critical role in initial use, but the role of initial aversive drug effects has received less attention. Methamphetamine effects on dopamine re-uptake and efflux are associated with its addiction potential. However, methamphetamine also serves as a substrate for the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). Growing evidence in animal models indicates that increasing TAAR1 function reduces drug self-administration and intake. We previously determined that a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Taar1 predicts a conformational change in the receptor that has functional consequences. A Taar1 m1J mutant allele existing in DBA/2J mice expresses a non-functional receptor. In comparison to mice that possess one or more copies of the reference Taar1 allele (Taar1 +/+ or Taar1 +/m1J ), mice with the Taar1 m1J/m1J genotype readily consume methamphetamine, express low sensitivity to aversive effects of methamphetamine, and lack sensitivity to acute methamphetamine-induced hypothermia. We used three sets of knock-in and control mice in which one Taar1 allele was exchanged with the alternative allele to determine if other methamphetamine-related traits and an opioid trait are impacted by the same Taar1 SNP proven to affect MA consumption and hypothermia. First, we measured sensitivity to conditioned rewarding and aversive effects of methamphetamine to determine if an impact of the Taar1 SNP on these traits could be proven. Next, we used multiple genetic backgrounds to study the consistency of Taar1 allelic effects on methamphetamine intake and hypothermia. Finally, we studied morphine-induced hypothermia to confirm prior data suggesting that a gene in linkage disequilibrium with Taar1, rather than Taar1, accounts for prior observed differences in sensitivity. We found that a single SNP exchange reduced sensitivity to methamphetamine conditioned reward and increased sensitivity to conditioned aversion. Profound differences in methamphetamine intake and hypothermia consistently corresponded with genotype at the SNP location, with only slight variation in magnitude across genetic backgrounds. Morphine-induced hypothermia was not dependent on Taar1 genotype. Thus, Taar1 genotype and TAAR1 function impact multiple methamphetamine-related effects that likely predict the potential for methamphetamine use. These data support further investigation of their potential roles in risk for methamphetamine addiction and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Phillips
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tyler Roy
- The Jackson Laboratory and Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Sara J Aldrich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Harue Baba
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jason Erk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - John R K Mootz
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cheryl Reed
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory and Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bryant CD, Healy AF, Ruan QT, Coehlo MA, Lustig E, Yazdani N, Luttik KP, Tran T, Swancy I, Brewin LW, Chen MM, Szumlinski KK. Sex‐dependent effects of an
Hnrnph1
mutation on fentanyl addiction‐relevant behaviors but not antinociception in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12711. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Aidan F. Healy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Qiu T. Ruan
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology Ph.D. Program Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michal A. Coehlo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Elijah Lustig
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Neema Yazdani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- T32 Biomolecular Pharmacology Ph.D. Program Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kimberly P. Luttik
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP) Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Tori Tran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Isaiah Swancy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Lindsey W. Brewin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Melanie M. Chen
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cellular Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shab G, Fultz EK, Page A, Coelho MA, Brewin LW, Stailey N, Brown CN, Bryant CD, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. The motivational valence of methamphetamine relates inversely to subsequent methamphetamine self-administration in female C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112959. [PMID: 33053382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underpinning individual variance in addiction vulnerability requires the development of validated, high-throughput screens. In a prior study of a large sample of male isogenic C57BL/6J mice, the direction and magnitude of methamphetamine (MA)-induced place-conditioning predicts the propensity to acquire oral MA self-administration, as well as the efficacy of MA to serve as a reinforcer. The present study examined whether or not such a predictive relationship also exists in females. Adult C57BL/6J females underwent a 4-day MA place-conditioning paradigm (once daily injections of 2 mg/kg) and were then trained to nose-poke for delivery of a 20 mg/L MA solution under increasing schedules of reinforcement, followed by dose-response testing (5-400 mg/L MA). Akin to males, 53 % of the females exhibited a conditioned place-preference, while 32 % of the mice were MA-neutral and 15 % exhibited a conditioned place-aversion. However, unlike males, the place-conditioning phenotype did not transfer to MA-reinforced nose-poking behavior under operant-conditioning procedures, with 400 mg/L MA intake being inversely correlated place-conditioning. While only one MA-conditioning dose has been assayed to date, these data indicate that sex does not significantly shift the proportion of C57BL/6J mice that perceive MA's interoceptive effects as positive, neutral or aversive. However, a sex difference appears to exist regarding the predictive relationship between the motivational valence of MA and subsequent drug-taking behavior; females exhibit MA-taking behavior and reinforcement, despite their initial perception of the stimulant interoceptive effects as positive, neutral or negative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Shab
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Elissa K Fultz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Page
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Coelho
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey W Brewin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Stailey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea N Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ruan QT, Yazdani N, Reed ER, Beierle JA, Peterson LP, Luttik KP, Szumlinski KK, Johnson WE, Ash PEA, Wolozin B, Bryant CD. 5' UTR variants in the quantitative trait gene Hnrnph1 support reduced 5' UTR usage and hnRNP H protein as a molecular mechanism underlying reduced methamphetamine sensitivity. FASEB J 2020; 34:9223-9244. [PMID: 32401417 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000092r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a 210 kb region on chromosome 11 (50.37-50.58 Mb, mm10) containing two protein-coding genes (Hnrnph1, Rufy1) that was necessary for reduced methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in C57BL/6J congenic mice harboring DBA/2J polymorphisms. Gene editing of a small deletion in the first coding exon supported Hnrnph1 as a quantitative trait gene. We have since shown that Hnrnph1 mutants also exhibit reduced methamphetamine-induced reward, reinforcement, and dopamine release. However, the quantitative trait variants (QTVs) that modulate Hnrnph1 function at the molecular level are not known. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and seven indels distinguish C57BL/6J from DBA/2J within Hnrnph1, including four variants within the 5' untranslated region (UTR). Here, we show that a 114 kb introgressed region containing Hnrnph1 and Rufy1 was sufficient to cause a decrease in MA-induced locomotor activity. Gene-level transcriptome analysis of striatal tissue from 114 kb congenics vs Hnrnph1 mutants identified a nearly perfect correlation of fold-change in expression for those differentially expressed genes that were common to both mouse lines, indicating functionally similar effects on the transcriptome and behavior. Exon-level analysis (including noncoding exons) revealed decreased 5' UTR usage of Hnrnph1 and immunoblot analysis identified a corresponding decrease in hnRNP H protein in 114 kb congenic mice. Molecular cloning of the Hnrnph1 5' UTR containing all four variants (but none of them individually) upstream of a reporter induced a decrease in reporter signal in both HEK293 and N2a cells, thus, identifying a set of QTVs underlying molecular regulation of Hnrnph1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu T Ruan
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neema Yazdani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric R Reed
- Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob A Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucy P Peterson
- Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly P Luttik
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - William E Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E A Ash
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomolecular Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|