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Genius P, Calle ML, Rodríguez-Fernández B, Minguillon C, Cacciaglia R, Garrido-Martin D, Esteller M, Navarro A, Gispert JD, Vilor-Tejedor N. Compositional structural brain signatures capture Alzheimer's genetic risk on brain structure along the disease continuum. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.08.24307046. [PMID: 38766190 PMCID: PMC11100942 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.24307046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional brain imaging genetics studies have primarily focused on how genetic factors influence the volume of specific brain regions, often neglecting the overall complexity of brain architecture and its genetic underpinnings. METHODS This study analyzed data from participants across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum from the ALFA and ADNI studies. We exploited compositional data analysis to examine relative brain volumetric variations that (i) differentiate cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, defined as amyloid-negative (A-) based on CSF profiling, from those at different AD stages, and (ii) associated with increased genetic susceptibility to AD, assessed using polygenic risk scores. RESULTS Distinct brain signatures differentiated CU A-individuals from amyloid-positive MCI and AD. Moreover, disease stage-specific signatures were associated with higher genetic risk of AD. DISCUSSION The findings underscore the complex interplay between genetics and disease stages in shaping brain structure, which could inform targeted preventive strategies and interventions in preclinical AD.
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Clarke H, Messaritaki E, Dimitriadis SI, Metzler-Baddeley C. Dementia Risk Factors Modify Hubs but Leave Other Connectivity Measures Unchanged in Asymptomatic Individuals: A Graph Theoretical Analysis. Brain Connect 2022; 12:26-40. [PMID: 34030485 PMCID: PMC8867081 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with genetic and environmental risk contributing to its development. Graph theoretical analyses of brain networks constructed from structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements have identified connectivity changes in AD and individuals with mild cognitive impairment. However, brain connectivity in asymptomatic individuals at risk of AD remains poorly understood. Methods: We analyzed diffusion-weighted MRI data from 161 asymptomatic individuals (38-71 years) from the Cardiff Ageing and Risk of Dementia Study (CARDS). We calculated white matter tracts and constructed whole-brain, default mode network (DMN) and visual structural brain networks that incorporate multiple structural metrics as edge weights. We then calculated the relationship of three AD risk factors, namely Apolipoprotein-E ɛ4 (APOE4) genotype, family history of dementia (FH), and central obesity (Waist-Hip-Ratio [WHR]), on graph theoretical measures and hubs. Results: We observed no risk-related differences in clustering coefficients, characteristic path lengths, eccentricity, diameter, and radius across the whole-brain, DMN or visual system. However, a hub in the right paracentral lobule was present in all the high-risk groups (FH, APOE4, obese), but absent in low-risk groups (no FH, APOE4-ve, healthy WHR). Discussion: We identified no risk-related effects on graph theoretical metrics in the structural brain networks of cognitively healthy individuals. However, high risk was associated with a hub in the right paracentral lobule, a medial fronto-parietal cortical area with motor and sensory functions. This finding is consistent with accumulating evidence for right parietal cortex contributions in AD. If this phenotype is shown to predict symptom development in longitudinal studies, it could be used as an early biomarker of AD. Impact statement Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia that to date has no cure. Identifying early biomarkers will aid the discovery and development of treatments that may slow AD progression in the future. In this article, we report that asymptomatic individuals at heightened risk of dementia due to their family history, Apolipoprotein-E ɛ4 genotype, and central adiposity have a hub in the right paracentral lobule, which is absent in low-risk groups. If this phenotype were to predict the development of symptoms in a longitudinal study of the same cohort, it could provide an early biomarker of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Clarke
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Messaritaki
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- BRAIN Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stavros I. Dimitriadis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroinformatics Group, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Metzler-Baddeley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Deng X, Liu Z, Kang Q, Lu L, Zhu Y, Xu R. Cortical Structural Connectivity Alterations and Potential Pathogenesis in Mid-Stage Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650371. [PMID: 34135748 PMCID: PMC8200851 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many clinical symptoms of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD) cannot be completely explained by a lesion of the simple typical extrapyramidal circuit between the striatum and substantia nigra. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the new potential damaged pathogenesis of other brain regions associated with the multiple and complex clinical symptoms of sPD through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 65 patients with mid-stage sPD and 35 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Cortical structural connectivity was assessed by seed-based analysis using the vertex-based morphology of MRI. Seven different clusters in the brain regions of cortical thickness thinning derived from the regression analysis using brain size as covariates between sPD and control were selected as seeds. Results showed that the significant alteration of cortical structural connectivity mainly occurred in the bilateral frontal orbital, opercular, triangular, precentral, rectus, supplementary-motor, temporal pole, angular, Heschl, parietal, supramarginal, postcentral, precuneus, occipital, lingual, cuneus, Rolandic-opercular, cingulum, parahippocampal, calcarine, olfactory, insula, paracentral-lobule, and fusiform regions at the mid-stage of sPD. These findings suggested that the extensive alteration of cortical structural connectivity is one of possible pathogenesis resulting in the multiple and complex clinical symptoms in sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qin Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Yang C, Li X, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li H, Wei D, Lu P, Liang Y, Liu Z, Shu N, Wang F, Guan Q, Tao W, Wang Q, Jia J, Ai L, Cui R, Wang Y, Peng D, Zhang W, Chen K, Wang X, Zhao J, Wang Y, Dong Q, Wang J, Zhang Z. Early prevention of cognitive impairment in the community population: The Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1610-1618. [PMID: 33792187 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Facing considerable challenges associated with aging and dementia, China urgently needs an evidence-based health-care system for prevention and management of dementia. The Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) is a community-based cohort study initiated in 2008 that focuses on asymptomatic stages of dementia, aims to develop community-based prevention strategies for cognitive impairment, and provides a platform for scientific research and clinical trials. Thus far, BABRI has recruited 10,255 participants (aged 50 and over, 60.3% female), 2021 of whom have been followed up at least once at a 2- or 3-year interval. This article presents aims and study design of BABRI; summarizes preliminary behavioral and neuroimaging findings on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and results of clinical trials on MCI; and discusses issues concerning early prevention in community, MCI diagnosis methods, and applications of database of aging and dementia. BABRI is proposed to build a systematic framework on brain health in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caishui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Dongcheng District Community Health Service Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Guan
- School of Psychology and Society, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuhai Tao
- School of Psychology and Society, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- Beijing Northern Hospital, China North Industries Group, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Jia
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Zhang Q, Wu L, Du C, Xu K, Sun J, Zhang J, Li H, Li X. Effects of an APOE Promoter Polymorphism on Fronto-Parietal Functional Connectivity During Nondemented Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:183. [PMID: 32694990 PMCID: PMC7338603 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The rs405509 polymorphism ofthe apolipoprotein E (APOE) promoter is related to Alzheimer'sdisease (AD). The T/T allele of rs405509 is known to decrease the transcription of the APOE gene and lead to impairments in specific brain structural networks with aging; thus, it is an important risk factor for AD. However, it remains unknown whether rs405509 affects brain functional connectivity (FC) in aging. Methods: We investigated the effect of the rs405509 genotype (T/T vs. G-allele) on age-related brain FC using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Forty-five elderly TT carriers and 45 elderly G-allele carriers were scanned during a working memory (WM) task. Results: We found that TT carriers showed an accelerated age-related increase in functional activation in the left postcentral gyrus compared with G-allele carriers. Furthermore, the FC between the left postcentral gyrus and some key regions during WM performance, including the right caudal and superior frontal sulcus (SFS), was differentially modulated by age across rs405509 genotype groups. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the rs405509 T/T allele of APOE causes an age-related brain functional decline in nondemented elderly people, which may be beneficial for understanding the neural mechanisms of rs405509-related cognitive aging and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Zhang
- Institute of Criminology, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Haller S, Montandon ML, Rodriguez C, Garibotto V, Herrmann FR, Giannakopoulos P. Hippocampal Volume Loss, Brain Amyloid Accumulation, and APOE Status in Cognitively Intact Elderly Subjects. NEURODEGENER DIS 2019; 19:139-147. [PMID: 31846965 DOI: 10.1159/000504302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal volume loss (HVL), PET-documented brain amyloid accumulation, and APOE-ε4 status are predictive biomarkers of the transition from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease (AD). In asymptomatic cases, the role of these biomarkers remains ambiguous. In contrast to the idea that HVL occurs in late phases of neurodegeneration, recent contributions indicate that it might occur before abnormal amyloid PET occurrence in elderly subjects and that its severity could be only marginally related to APOE variants. Using a longitudinal design, we examined the determinants of HVL in our sample, i.e., brain amyloid burden and the presence of APOE-ε4, and made a longitudinal assessment of cognitive functions. METHODS We performed a 4.5-year longitudinal study on 81 elderly community dwellers (all right-handed;, 48 (59.3%) women; mean age 73.7 ± 3.7 years) including MRI at baseline and follow-up, PET amyloid during follow-up, neuropsychological assessment at 18 and 54 months, and APOE genotyping. All cases were assessed using a continuous cognitive score (CCS) that took into account the global evolution of neuropsychological performance. Linear regression models were used to identify predictors of HVL. RESULTS There was a negative association between the CCS and HVL bilaterally. In multivariate models adjusting for demographic variables, the presence of APOE-ε4 was related to increased HVL bilaterally. A trend of significance was observed with respect to the impact of amyloid positivity on HVL in the left hemisphere. No significant interaction was found between amyloid positivity and the APOE-ε4 allele. CONCLUSION The progressive decrement of neuropsychological performance is associated with HVL long before the emergence of clinically overt symptoms. In this cohort of healthy individuals, the presence of the APOE-ε4 allele was shown to be an independent predictor of worst hippocampal integrity in asymptomatic cases independently of amyloid positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland, .,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Yang H, Li K, Liang X, Gu B, Wang L, Gong G, Feng F, You H, Hou B, Gong F, Zhu H, Pan H. Alterations in Cortical Thickness in Young Male Patients With Childhood-Onset Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Morphometric MRI Study. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1134. [PMID: 31695595 PMCID: PMC6817473 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis plays an important role in brain structure and maintenance of brain function. There is a close correlation between serum GH and IGF1 levels and age-related cognitive function. The effects of childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD)on brain morphology are underestimated so far. Methods In this cross-sectional study, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was assessed in 17 adult males with childhood-onset GHD and 17 age and gender-matched healthy controls. The cortical thickness was analyzed and compared between the two groups of subjects. Effects of disease status and hormone levels on cortical thickness were also evaluated. Results Although there was no difference in whole brain volume or gray matter volume between the two groups, there was decreased cortical thickness in the parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus and occipital visual syncortex in the adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) group, and increased cortical thickness in a partial area of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital visual syncortex in AGHD group. Cortical thickness of the posterior cingulum gyrus was prominently associated with FT3 serum levels only in control group after adjusting of IGF-1 levels. Conclusion These results suggest that young adult male patients with childhood-onset GHD have alterations in cortical thickness in different brain lobes/regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, The Translational Medicine Center of PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, The Translational Medicine Center of PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, The Translational Medicine Center of PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gaolang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, The Translational Medicine Center of PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, The Translational Medicine Center of PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, The Translational Medicine Center of PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Choi KY, Lee JJ, Gunasekaran TI, Kang S, Lee W, Jeong J, Lim HJ, Zhang X, Zhu C, Won SY, Choi YY, Seo EH, Lee SC, Gim J, Chung JY, Chong A, Byun MS, Seo S, Ko PW, Han JW, McLean C, Farrell J, Lunetta KL, Miyashita A, Hara N, Won S, Choi SM, Ha JM, Jeong JH, Kuwano R, Song MK, An SSA, Lee YM, Park KW, Lee HW, Choi SH, Rhee S, Song WK, Lee JS, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Choo ILH, Nho K, Kim KW, Lee DY, Kim S, Kim BC, Kim H, Jun GR, Schellenberg GD, Ikeuchi T, Farrer LA, Lee KH, Neuroimaging Initative AD. APOE Promoter Polymorphism-219T/G is an Effect Modifier of the Influence of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer's Disease Risk in a Multiracial Sample. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081236. [PMID: 31426376 PMCID: PMC6723529 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in the APOE gene region may explain ethnic differences in the association of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with ε4. Ethnic differences in allele frequencies for three APOE region SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified and tested for association in 19,398 East Asians (EastA), including Koreans and Japanese, 15,836 European ancestry (EuroA) individuals, and 4985 African Americans, and with brain imaging measures of cortical atrophy in sub-samples of Koreans and EuroAs. Among ε4/ε4 individuals, AD risk increased substantially in a dose-dependent manner with the number of APOE promoter SNP rs405509 T alleles in EastAs (TT: OR (odds ratio) = 27.02, p = 8.80 × 10−94; GT: OR = 15.87, p = 2.62 × 10−9) and EuroAs (TT: OR = 18.13, p = 2.69 × 10−108; GT: OR = 12.63, p = 3.44 × 10−64), and rs405509-T homozygotes had a younger onset and more severe cortical atrophy than those with G-allele. Functional experiments using APOE promoter fragments demonstrated that TT lowered APOE expression in human brain and serum. The modifying effect of rs405509 genotype explained much of the ethnic variability in the AD/ε4 association, and increasing APOE expression might lower AD risk among ε4 homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeong Choi
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Sarang Kang
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Wooje Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jangho Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Lim
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Signaling Disorder Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yu Yong Choi
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Seok Cheol Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sujin Seo
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Pan-Woo Ko
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - John Farrell
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seong-Min Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ha
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Chonnam national university Gwangju 2nd geriatric hospital, Gwangju 61748, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 50612, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Donga University College of Medicine, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Woo Keun Song
- Bio Imaging and Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jung Sup Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology and Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - I L Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju 61453, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ki-Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4238, USA
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- National Research Center for Dementia, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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9
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The Contribution of Genetic Factors to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Apolipoprotein E Gene, Gene Interactions, and Polygenic Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051177. [PMID: 30866553 PMCID: PMC6429136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Although it has been studied for years, the pathogenesis of AD is still controversial. Genetic factors may play an important role in pathogenesis, with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene among the greatest risk factors for AD. In this review, we focus on the influence of genetic factors, including the APOE gene, the interaction between APOE and other genes, and the polygenic risk factors for cognitive function and dementia. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele is associated with increased AD risk and reduced age of AD onset. Accelerated cognitive decline and abnormal internal environment, structure, and function of the brain were also found in ε4 carriers. The effect of the APOE promoter on cognition and the brain was confirmed by some studies, but further investigation is still needed. We also describe the effects of the associations between APOE and other genetic risk factors on cognition and the brain that exhibit a complex gene⁻gene interaction, and we consider the importance of using a polygenic risk score to investigate the association between genetic variance and phenotype.
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10
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Panenka WJ, Gardner AJ, Dretsch MN, Crynen GC, Crawford FC, Iverson GL. Systematic Review of Genetic Risk Factors for Sustaining a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2093-2099. [PMID: 28100103 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review examined the association between genetics and risk for sustaining a traumatic brain injury. We retrieved articles published in English from 1980 to July 2016 obtained from the online databases PubMed, PsycINFO®, MEDLINE®, Embase, and Web of Science. In total 5903 articles were identified, 77 underwent full-text screening, and 6 were included in this review. Five studies examined the risk of concussion associated with apolipoprotein E alleles (APOE-ɛ2, ɛ3,ɛ4), and polymorphisms of the APOE promoter (rs405509), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, rs6265), and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2, rs1800497) were each considered in two studies. Microtubule associated protein tau (TAU exon 6 polymorphisms His47Tyr [rs2258689] and Ser53Pro [rs10445337]), and neurofilament heavy (NEHF, rs165602) genotypic variants, were the focus of single studies. No study showed an increased risk associated solely with the presence of the APOE-ɛ4 allele, nor were there any significant findings for the NEFH, TAU, or DRD2 genotypic variants. Two studies examined the APOE promoter -219G/T polymorphism in athletes, and both found an association with concussion. Both BDNF studies also found a significant association with concussion incidence; United States soldiers with the Met/Met genotype were more likely to report a history of concussion prior to deployment and to sustain a concussion during deployment. We conclude that the APOE promoter -219G/T polymorphism and the BDNF Met/Met genotype might confer risk for sustaining a TBI. Based on research to date, the APOE-ɛ4 allele does not appear to influence risk. More research is needed to determine if these findings replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Panenka
- 1 British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- 2 Hunter New England Local Health District Sports Concussion Program; & Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- 3 Human Dimension Division (HDD), Headquarters Army Training and Doctrine Command (HQ TRADOC) , Fort Eustis, Virginia
| | | | | | - Grant L Iverson
- 5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital; MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program; and Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program , Boston, Massachusetts
- 6 Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Mak E, Gabel S, Mirette H, Su L, Williams GB, Waldman A, Wells K, Ritchie K, Ritchie C, O’Brien J. Structural neuroimaging in preclinical dementia: From microstructural deficits and grey matter atrophy to macroscale connectomic changes. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:250-264. [PMID: 27777039 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of neuroimaging studies characterising brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where both widespread atrophy and 'signature' brain regions have been implicated. In parallel, a prolonged latency period has been established in AD, with abnormal cerebral changes beginning many years before symptom onset. This raises the possibility of early therapeutic intervention, even before symptoms, when treatments could have the greatest effect on disease-course modification. Two important prerequisites of this endeavour are (1) accurate characterisation or risk stratification and (2) monitoring of progression using neuroimaging outcomes as a surrogate biomarker in those without symptoms but who will develop AD, here referred to as preclinical AD. Structural neuroimaging modalities have been used to identify brain changes related to risk factors for AD, such as familial genetic mutations, risk genes (for example apolipoprotein epsilon-4 allele), and/or family history. In this review, we summarise structural imaging findings in preclinical AD. Overall, the literature suggests early vulnerability in characteristic regions, such as the medial temporal lobe structures and the precuneus, as well as white matter tracts in the fornix, cingulum and corpus callosum. We conclude that while structural markers are promising, more research and validation studies are needed before future secondary prevention trials can adopt structural imaging biomarkers as either stratification or surrogate biomarkers.
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12
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Deng X, Tang CY, Zhang J, Zhu L, Xie ZC, Gong HH, Xiao XZ, Xu RS. The cortical thickness correlates of clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:279-289. [PMID: 27721206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cortical thickness has gained an extensive attention as a pathological alteration of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD), the alteration of pathological cortical thickness may distinctly contribute to the consistent clinical manifestations. Therefore, we investigated the cortical thickness correlates of clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sPD from the Han population of Chinese mainland (HPCM). A sample of 67 mid-stage sPD patients and 35 matched controls from HPCM were performed a corticometry of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the assessment of clinical manifestations including the demographic and disease-related characteristics, and underwent the final analysis of the cortical thickness correlates with the clinical manifestations. In our result, we demonstrated that no significant differences in the demographic characteristics were found among the two groups. The tests of clinical disease-related characteristics demonstrated that the significant differences in the Hoehn and Yahr scale, the UPDRS Part I-IV, the symptom-dominant side (right/left/double), the tremor subscoree off (e), the tremor subscoref on (f), Webster, MMSE, HDS-R, DF, DB, SVFT, SDS, HAMD17, HAMD 24, CDT, CDR, LEDD and PDSI were observed between the mid-stage sPD patients and the controls. The analysis about the cortical thickness correlates with the clinical manifestations revealed that a significant correlation between UPDRS-I and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R and Rectus-R; DB and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R and Frontal-Inf-Orb-R; SDS and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R, Frontal-Mid-Orb-R, Rectus-R and Cingulum-Ant-R respectively in the mid-stage sPD patients from HPCM. Our data showed that the cortical thinning in the right frontal Orb, rectus and cingulum were the pathological base of some clinical manifestations including the cognitive impairment, hallucinations, psychosis, the depressed mood, the anxious mood, apathy, the sleep problems, the nighttime or/and daytime sleepiness, the short term memory stores and the central execution, as well as the sexual desire disorder in the mid-stage sPD patients, suggesting that the dysfunctions of brain regions of some cortical thinning are closely correlated with some clinical manifestations of the mid-stage sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Chun-Yan Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zun-Chun Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hong-Han Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiang-Zuo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ren-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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13
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Deng X, Zhou M, Tang C, Zhang J, Zhu L, Xie Z, Gong H, Xiao X, Xu R. The Alterations of Cortical Volume, Thickness, Surface, and Density in the Intermediate Sporadic Parkinson's Disease from the Han Population of Mainland China. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:185. [PMID: 27536237 PMCID: PMC4971022 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many symptoms of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD) can't be completely explained by the lesion of simple typical extrapyramidal circuit between striatum and substantia nigra. Therefore, we investigated the alteration of cortical volume, thickness, surface, and density in the intermediate sPD from the Han population of Mainland China in order to find the new pathological brain regions associated with the complex clinical manifestations of sPD. The cortical volume, thickness, surface and density were examined using the voxel-based cortical morphometry and corticometry on magnetic resonance image (MRI) in 67 intermediate sPD and 35 controls, the multiple adjusted comparisons analysis of all MRI data were employed to assess the relationships between the cortical morphometric alteration in the specific brain regions and sPD. Results showed that a significantly shrunk volume, thinned thickness and enlarged or reduced surface of cortex in some specific brain regions were closely associated with sPD, but all cortical densities were not different. The majority of morphometric alteration of hemisphere cortex was symmetric, but that in the left hemisphere was more significant. The cortical morphometric alterations in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and limbic lobe, cerebellum, caudate, and thalamus were closely related to the clinical neural dysfunction (Clinical manifestations) of sPD. Our data indicated that the deficits of extensive brain regions involved in the development of sPD, resulted in a series of correspondent complex clinical manifestations in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Meihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Zunchun Xie
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangzuo Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
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14
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhang J, Li X, Cui R, Zhang Z. Association of White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Functions in Chinese Non-Demented Elderly with the APOE ɛ4 Allele. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:781-91. [PMID: 26402101 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate abnormality of white matter integrity and its relationship to cognitive impairments in Chinese non-demented elderly with and without the ɛ4 allele. We assessed cognitive differences using a series of neuropsychological tests and assessed white matter integrity using tract-based spatial statistics to measure mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. We determined that there were no statistically significant group differences in any neuropsychological measures. However, APOEɛ4 carriers without cognitive decline exhibited widespread disruption of the white matter tracts in several areas, including the cingulum, fornix, corpus callosum, and corona radiate. Furthermore, a correlation analysis in ɛ4 carriers indicated that disruption of the right fornix stria terminalis and the genu of the corpus callosum were positively associated with cognitive impairment, including memory, executive function, spatial processing, attention, and language. The present study reveals the deleterious effects of the ɛ4 allele on white matter, and this damage may potentially serve as a biomarker in preclinical investigations. Our promising results encourage further investigation using a multidimensional longitudinal approach with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Cui
- PET Center, Nuclear Medicine Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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15
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Limon-Sztencel A, Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Chmara M, Wasag B, Bidzan L, Godlewska BR, Limon J. The algorithm for Alzheimer risk assessment based on APOE promoter polymorphisms. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:19. [PMID: 27193889 PMCID: PMC4872351 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Over the past two decades, the APOE gene and its polymorphisms have been among the most studied risk factors of Alzheimer disease (AD) development; yet, there are discrepancies between various studies regarding their impact. For this reason, the evaluation of the APOE genotype has not been included in the current European Federation of Neurological Societies guidelines for AD diagnosis and management. This aim of this study was to add to this discussion by assessing the possible influence of multiple polymorphisms in the promoter region of the APOE gene and genotypes of its allele E on the risk for dementia. Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis of APOE gene polymorphisms, assessed the detected genotypes and correlated molecular findings with serum apolipoprotein E concentrations. The study comprised 110 patients with AD and 110 age-matched healthy individuals from the Polish population. Results Four polymorphisms of the APOE gene had minor allele frequency exceeding 5 % and were included in the analysis: −491A/T (rs449647), −427T/C (rs769446), −219T/G (rs405509) in the promoter region and +113G/C (rs440446) in intron 1. A protective effect of the −219G allele on AD development was observed. Also, the −491T and −219G alleles were found to be underrepresented in the carriers of the APOE E4 variant. On the basis of the genotype and linkage disequilibrium studies, a relative score was attributed to given genotypes with respect to the estimated probability of their protective effects against AD, giving rise to the ‘preventive score’. This ‘preventive score’, based on the total sums of the relative scores, expresses the protective effect deriving from the synergistic action of individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The ‘preventive score’ was identified as an independent predictive factor. Conclusions We propose a novel, more complex approach to AD risk assessment based on the additive effect of multiple polymorphic loci within the APOE promoter region, which on their own may have too weak an impact to reach the level of significance. This has potentially practical implications, as it may help to improve the informative potential of APOE testing in a clinical setting. Subsequent studies of the proposed system in large, multi-ethnic cohorts are necessary for its validation and to assess its potential practical value for clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-016-0187-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata S Lipska-Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmara
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wasag
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Bidzan
- Department of Developmental, Psychotic, and Geriatric Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 Street, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata R Godlewska
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Janusz Limon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.
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16
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Dowell NG, Evans SL, Tofts PS, King SL, Tabet N, Rusted JM. Structural and resting-state MRI detects regional brain differences in young and mid-age healthy APOE-e4 carriers compared with non-APOE-e4 carriers. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:614-624. [PMID: 26929040 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the best-known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the link between functional and behavioural differences and regional brain volume and cortical thickness differences in those who carry the e4 allele (e4+) and those who only carry the e3 allele (e3/e3). We studied these genotype populations in two age groups: a young group (average age, 21 years) and a mid-age group (average age, 50 years). High-resolution T1 -weighted MRI scans were analysed with Freesurfer to measure regional white matter brain volume and cortical thickness differences between genotype groups at each age. These data were correlated with behavioural findings in the same cohort. Resting-state MRI was also conducted to identify differences in underlying brain functional connectivity. We found that there was a positive correlation between the thickness of the parahippocampal cortex in young e4+ individuals and performance on an episodic memory task. Young e4+ individuals also showed a positive correlation between white matter volume in the left anterior cingulate and performance on a covert attention task. At mid-age, e4+ individuals had structural differences relative to e3/e3 individuals in these areas: the parahippocampal cortex was thicker and white matter volume in the left anterior cingulate was greater than in e3/e3 individuals. We discuss the possibility that an over-engagement with these regions by e4+ individuals in youth may have a neurogenic effect that is observable later in life. The cuneus appears to be an important region for APOE-driven differences in the brain, with greater functional connectivity among young e3/e3 individuals and greater white matter volume in young e4+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon L Evans
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Paul S Tofts
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Sarah L King
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Naji Tabet
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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17
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Shu N, Li X, Ma C, Zhang J, Chen K, Liang Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Effects of APOE promoter polymorphism on the topological organization of brain structural connectome in nondemented elderly. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4847-58. [PMID: 26314833 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphism of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) promoter rs405509 can regulate the transcriptional activity of the APOE gene and is related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effects on cognitive performance and the underlying brain mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we performed a battery of neuropsychological tests in a large sample (837 subjects) of nondemented elderly Chinese people, and explored the related brain mechanisms via the construction of diffusion MRI-based structural connectome and graph analysis from a subset (84 subjects) of the sample. Cognitively, the rs405509 risk allele (TT) carriers showed decreased attention and execution functions compared with noncarriers (GG/GT). Regarding the topological alterations of the brain connectome, the risk allele group exhibited reduced global and local efficiency of white matter structural networks, mainly in the left anterior and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC). Importantly, the efficiency of the left PCC is correlated with the impaired attention function and mediates the impacts of the rs405509 genotype on attention. These results demonstrated that the rs405509 polymorphism affects attention function in nondemented elderly people, possibly by modulating brain structural connectivity of the PCC. This polymorphism may help us to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive aging and to serve as a potential marker assessing the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Chen
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Yao Z, Hu B, Zheng J, Zheng W, Chen X, Gao X, Xie Y, Fang L. A FDG-PET Study of Metabolic Networks in Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Carriers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132300. [PMID: 26161964 PMCID: PMC4498596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, some studies have applied the graph theory in brain network analysis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). However, relatively little research has specifically explored the properties of the metabolic network in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriers. In our study, all the subjects, including ADs, MCIs and NCs (normal controls) were divided into 165 APOE ε4 carriers and 165 APOE ε4 noncarriers. To establish the metabolic network for all brain regions except the cerebellum, cerebral glucose metabolism data obtained from FDG-PET (18F-fluorodeoxyglu-cose positron emission tomography) were segmented into 90 areas with automated anatomical labeling (AAL) template. Then, the properties of the networks were computed to explore the between-group differences. Our results suggested that both APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers showed the small-world properties. Besides, compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers, the carriers showed a lower clustering coefficient. In addition, significant changes in 6 hub brain regions were found in between-group nodal centrality. Namely, compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers, significant decreases of the nodal centrality were found in left insula, right insula, right anterior cingulate, right paracingulate gyri, left cuneus, as well as significant increases in left paracentral lobule and left heschl gyrus in APOE ε4 carriers. Increased local short distance interregional correlations and disrupted long distance interregional correlations were found, which may support the point that the APOE ε4 carriers were more similar with AD or MCI in FDG uptake. In summary, the organization of metabolic network in APOE ε4 carriers indicated a less optimal pattern and APOE ε4 might be a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiaxiang Zheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanwei Xie
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Fang
- PET/CT Center, Affiliated Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, 333 South Binhe Road, Lanzhou, China
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