1
|
Starobova H, Alshammari A, Winkler IG, Vetter I. The role of the neuronal microenvironment in sensory function and pain pathophysiology. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 36394416 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of pain and the at times low efficacy of current treatments represent a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Effective treatment strategies require consideration of the diverse pathophysiologies that underlie various pain conditions. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to aberrant sensory neuron function has advanced considerably. However, sensory neurons operate in a complex dynamic microenvironment that is controlled by multidirectional interactions of neurons with non-neuronal cells, including immune cells, neuronal accessory cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes. Each of these cells constitute and control the microenvironment in which neurons operate, inevitably influencing sensory function and the pathology of pain. This review highlights the importance of the neuronal microenvironment for sensory function and pain, focusing on cellular interactions in the skin, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which neurons and non-neuronal cells communicate to promote or resolve pain, and how this knowledge could be used for the development of mechanism-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ammar Alshammari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duraikannu A, Krishnan A, Chandrasekhar A, Zochodne DW. Beyond Trophic Factors: Exploiting the Intrinsic Regenerative Properties of Adult Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:128. [PMID: 31024258 PMCID: PMC6460947 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are common but frequently irreversible. It is often but mistakenly assumed that peripheral neuron regeneration is robust without a need to be improved or supported. However, axonal lesions, especially those involving proximal nerves rarely recover fully and injuries generally are complicated by slow and incomplete regeneration. Strategies to enhance the intrinsic growth properties of reluctant adult neurons offer an alternative approach to consider during regeneration. Since axons rarely regrow without an intimately partnered Schwann cell (SC), approaches to enhance SC plasticity carry along benefits to their axon partners. Direct targeting of molecules that inhibit growth cone plasticity can inform important regenerative strategies. A newer approach, a focus of our laboratory, exploits tumor suppressor molecules that normally dampen unconstrained growth. However several are also prominently expressed in stable adult neurons. During regeneration their ongoing expression “brakes” growth, whereas their inhibition and knockdown may enhance regrowth. Examples have included phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a tumor suppressor that inhibits PI3K/pAkt signaling, Rb1, the protein involved in retinoblastoma development, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor that inhibits β-Catenin transcriptional signaling and its translocation to the nucleus. The identification of several new targets to manipulate the plasticity of regenerating adult peripheral neurons is exciting. How they fit with canonical regeneration strategies and their feasibility require additional work. Newer forms of nonviral siRNA delivery may be approaches for molecular manipulation to improve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arul Duraikannu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ambika Chandrasekhar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guzen FP, de Araújo DP, Lucena EEDS, de Morais HHA, Cavalcanti JRLDP, do Nascimento ES, Costa MSMDO, Cavalcante JS. Effect of FGF-2 and sciatic nerve grafting on ChAT expression in dorsal root ganglia neurons of spinal cord transected rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 616:43-8. [PMID: 26320023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors and peripheral nerves are known to be good substrates for bridging CNS trauma. The involvement of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) activation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was examined following spinal cord injury in the rat. We evaluated whether FGF-2 increases the ability of a sciatic nerve graft to enhance neuronal plasticity, in a gap promoted by complete transection of the spinal cord. The rats were subjected to a 4mm-long gap at low thoracic level and were repaired with saline (Saline or control group, n=10), or fragment of the sciatic nerve (Nerve group, n=10), or fragment of the sciatic nerve to which FGF-2 (Nerve+FGF-2 group, n=10) had been added immediately after lesion. The effects of the FGF-2 and fragment of the sciatic nerve grafts on neuronal plasticity were investigated using choline acetyl transferase (ChAT)-immunoreactivity of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion after 8 weeks. Preservation of the area and diameter of neuronal cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was seen in animals treated with the sciatic nerve, an effect enhanced by the addition of FGF-2. Thus, the addition of exogenous FGF-2 to a sciatic nerve fragment grafted in a gap of the rat spinal cord submitted to complete transection was able to improve neuroprotection in the DRG. The results emphasized that the manipulation of the microenvironment in the wound might amplify the regenerative capacity of peripheral neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Pierdoná Guzen
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Health Science Center, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Dayane Pessoa de Araújo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Health Science Center, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Eudes Euler de Souza Lucena
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Health Science Center, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Expedito Silva do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Jeferson Sousa Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fehrenbacher JC. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:471-508. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
5
|
Makanae A, Mitogawa K, Satoh A. Co-operative Bmp- and Fgf-signaling inputs convert skin wound healing to limb formation in urodele amphibians. Dev Biol 2014; 396:57-66. [PMID: 25286122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urodele amphibians have remarkable organ regeneration capability, and their limb regeneration capability has been investigated as a representative phenomenon. In the early 19th century, nerves were reported to be an essential tissue for the successful induction of limb regeneration. Nerve substances that function in the induction of limb regeneration responses have long been sought. A new experimental system called the accessory limb model (ALM) has been established to identify the nerve factors. Skin wounding in urodele amphibians results in skin wound healing but never in limb induction. However, nerve deviation to the wounded skin induces limb formation in ALM. Thus, nerves can be considered to have the ability to transform skin wound healing to limb formation. In the present study, co-operative Bmp and Fgf application, instead of nerve deviation, to wounded skin transformed skin wound healing to limb formation in two urodele amphibians, axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and newt (Pleurodeles waltl). Our findings demonstrate that defined factors can induce homeotic transformation in postembryonic bodies of urodele amphibians. The combination of Bmp and Fgf(s) may contribute to the development of novel treatments for organ regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Makanae
- Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), 3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Mitogawa
- Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), 3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Satoh
- Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), 3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Colello RJ, Chow WN, Bigbee JW, Lin C, Dalton D, Brown D, Jha BS, Mathern BE, Lee KD, Simpson DG. The incorporation of growth factor and chondroitinase ABC into an electrospun scaffold to promote axon regrowth following spinal cord injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:656-68. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J. Colello
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Woon N. Chow
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - John W. Bigbee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Charles Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Dustin Dalton
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Damien Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Balendu Shekhar Jha
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Bruce E. Mathern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Kangmin D. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - David G. Simpson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
FGF2 deficit during development leads to specific neuronal cell loss in the enteric nervous system. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 139:47-57. [PMID: 22955838 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-1023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The largest part of the peripheral nervous system is the enteric nervous system (ENS). It consists of an intricate network of several enteric neuronal subclasses with distinct phenotypes and functions within the gut wall. The generation of these enteric phenotypes is dependent upon appropriate neurotrophic support during development. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) play an important role in the differentiation and function of the ENS. A lack of GDNF or its receptor (Ret) causes intestinal aganglionosis in mice, while fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling antagonist is identified as regulating proteins in the GDNF/Ret signaling in the developing ENS. Primary myenteric plexus cultures and wholemount preparations of wild type (WT) and FGF2-knockout mice were used to analyze distinct enteric subpopulations. Fractal dimension (D) as a measure of self-similarity is an excellent tool to analyze complex geometric shape and was applied to classify the subclasses of enteric neurons concerning their individual morphology. As a consequence of a detailed analysis of subpopulation variations, wholemount preparations were stained for the calcium binding proteins calbindin and calretinin. The fractal analysis showed a reliable consistence of subgroups with different fractal dimensions (D) in each culture investigated. Seven different neuronal subtypes could be differentiated according to a rising D. Within the same D, the neurite length revealed significant differences between wild type and FGF2-knockout cultures, while the subclass distribution was also altered. Depending on the morphological characteristics, the reduced subgroup was supposed to be a secretomotor neuronal type, which could be confirmed by calbindin and calretinin staining of the wholemount preparations. These revealed a reduction up to 40 % of calbindin-positive neurons in the FGF2-knockout mouse. We therefore consider FGF2 playing a more important role in the fine-tuning of the ENS during development as previously assumed.
Collapse
|
8
|
In vitro comparison of motor and sensory neuron outgrowth in a 3D collagen matrix. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 198:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
9
|
Liu J, Chen SS, Dan QQ, Rong R, Zhou X, Zhang LF, Wang TH. Crucial roles of NGF in dorsal horn plasticity in partially deafferentated cats. Growth Factors 2011; 29:49-56. [PMID: 21291350 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2010.549129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Though exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) has been implicated in spinal cord plasticity, whether endogenous NGF plays a crucial role has not been established in vivo. This study investigated first the role of endogenous NGF in spinal dorsal horn (DH) plasticity following removal of L1-L5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in cats. Co-culture of chick embryo DRG with DH condition media, protein band fishing by cells as well as western blot showed that NGF could promote neurite growth in vitro. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization technique revealed an increase in the NGF and NGF mRNA immunoreactive cells in the DH after partial deafferentation. Lastly, after blocking with NGF antibody, choleragen subunit B horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) tracing showed a reduction in the neuronal sprouting observed in the DH. Our results demonstrated that in the cat, endogenous NGF plays a crucial role in DH plasticity after partial deafferentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Acosta C, Davies A. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide regulates nociceptin expression in sensory neurons. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:1077-86. [PMID: 18027846 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an opioid-related peptide that is markedly up-regulated in sensory neurons in vivo following peripheral inflammation and plays a key role in pain physiology. To identify substances that up-regulate N/OFQ expression in sensory neurons, we carried out an in vitro screen using purified adult mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and identified the potent proinflammatory agent bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a very effective inducer of N/OFQ. The robust response of these neurons to LPS enabled us to identify the components of a putative neuronal LPS receptor complex. In contrast to the immune system, where the functional LPS receptor complex is composed of CD-14 together with either MD-2 and TLR4 on myeloid cells or the homologous receptors MD-1 and RP105 on mature B cells, DRG neurons express the unusual combination of CD-14, TLR4, and MD-1. Blocking antibodies against TLR4 and MD-1 prevented induction of N/OFQ by LPS, and, in immunoprecipitation experiments, MD-1 coprecipitated with TLR4. Our findings suggest that LPS regulates N/OFN expression in sensory neurons via a novel combination of LPS receptor components and demonstrate for the first time a direct action of a key initiator of innate immune responses on neurons.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, Surface/drug effects
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/immunology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/pharmacology
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/drug effects
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/immunology
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Opioid Peptides/drug effects
- Opioid Peptides/metabolism
- Pain/chemically induced
- Pain/immunology
- Pain/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/drug effects
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/immunology
- Nociceptin
Collapse
|
11
|
Thonabulsombat C, Johansson S, Spenger C, Ulfendahl M, Olivius P. Implanted embryonic sensory neurons project axons toward adult auditory brainstem neurons in roller drum and Stoppini co-cultures. Brain Res 2007; 1170:48-58. [PMID: 17716633 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have shown in vivo the survival, migration and integration of embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that were grafted into the inner ear and peripheral auditory nervous system. In order to evaluate relevant factors determining integration of sensory neurons further into the central auditory nervous system, complementary in vitro techniques are necessary. The advantages of in vitro systems are that a large number of factors including various grafts and different conditions can be efficiently examined for. Hence, we co-cultured 300 microm thick postnatal rat brainstem slices containing the cochlear nucleus including the central part of the 8th cranial nerve with mouse embryonic DRG neurons. The organotypic co-cultures were either grown on coverslips using the roller drum method described by Gähwiler or on membranes according to the interface method described by Stoppini. Neurons in the cochlear nucleus were labeled with DiI. The results demonstrate that (1) brainstem slices survive for up to 5 weeks in culture, and that (2) co-cultures of embryonic sensory neurons and brainstem show a high degree of neuronal survival, and that (3) survival and axonal outgrowth from the implanted embryonic neurons are dependent on the presence of the brainstem slice rather than on exogenous NGF and that (4) implanted embryonic neurons send axons toward neurons in the cochlear nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charoensri Thonabulsombat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Bangkok 10400& Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
do Carmo Cunha J, de Freitas Azevedo Levy B, de Luca BA, de Andrade MSR, Gomide VC, Chadi G. Responses of reactive astrocytes containing S100beta protein and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the border and in the adjacent preserved tissue after a contusion injury of the spinal cord in rats: implications for wound repair and neuroregeneration. Wound Repair Regen 2007; 15:134-46. [PMID: 17244329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2006.00194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates glial reaction and changes in the S100beta protein and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) in the border and in the adjacent preserved tissue of the rat spinal cord after a contusion. In view of the expression of FGF-2 and S100beta in reactive glial cells and their ability to promote gliogenesis and neuronal trophism, the molecules have been considered to participate in the wound repair and regenerative events after nervous tissue injury. Adult rats were submitted to a moderate spinal cord (10th thoracic level) contusion induced by a New York University Impactor by dropping a 10 g rod from a distance of 25 mm onto the dorsal surface of the exposed dura spinal cord. Impactor curves and parameters were used to monitor the severity of the trauma. Control rats were submitted to sham operation. The motor behavioral spontaneous recovery was demonstrated by means of a BBB test and the combining behavior score up to 3 weeks after injury. Animals were killed 72 hours, 2, and 3 weeks after surgery and spinal cords were processed for immunohistochemistry to show glial fibrillary acidic protein positive astrocytes and OX-42-positive microglia/macrophages as well as changes in the S100beta and FGF-2 in the border and in the adjacent preserved tissue of the lesioned cords. The changes in the immunoreaction products were quantified by means of morphometric/microdensitometric image analysis, and the cell type expressing S100beta and FGF-2 was analyzed by means of two-color immunofluorescence procedures. Massive increases of S100beta and FGF-2 were found in reactive astrocytes, not in reactive microglia, in the border and in the white and gray matters of adjacent preserved tissue of the contused spinal cord in the periods studied. The results are discussed in view of possible paracrine trophic actions of the reactive astrocytes, mediated by S100beta and FGF-2, triggering wound repair events in the border of the trauma, and also leading to neurotrophism and neuronal plasticity in the adjacent regions. These cellular and molecular responses may interfere with the pattern of behavioral recovery after a contusion injury of the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinger do Carmo Cunha
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lavasani M, Lu A, Peng H, Cummins J, Huard J. Nerve growth factor improves the muscle regeneration capacity of muscle stem cells in dystrophic muscle. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:180-92. [PMID: 16454652 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have attempted to use gene- and cell-based therapies to restore dystrophin and alleviate the muscle weakness that results from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Our research group has isolated populations of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) from the postnatal skeletal muscle of mice. In comparison with satellite cells, MDSCs display an improved transplantation capacity in dystrophic mdx muscle that we attribute to their ability to undergo long-term proliferation, self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation, including differentiation toward endothelial and neuronal lineages. Here we tested whether the use of nerve growth factor (NGF) improves the transplantation efficiency of MDSCs. We used two methods of in vitro NGF stimulation: retroviral transduction of MDSCs with a CL-NGF vector and direct stimulation of MDSCs with NGF protein. Neither method of NGF treatment changed the marker profile or proliferation behavior of the MDSCs, but direct stimulation with NGF protein significantly reduced the in vitro differentiation ability of the cells. NGF stimulation also significantly enhanced the engraftment efficiency of MDSCs transplanted within the dystrophic muscle of mdx mice, resulting in the regeneration of numerous dystrophin-positive muscle fibers. These findings highlight the importance of NGF as a modulatory molecule, the study of which will broaden our understanding of its biologic role in the regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle by musclederived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Lavasani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, and Growth and Development Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lavasani M, Lu A, Peng H, Cummins J, Huard J. Nerve Growth Factor Improves the Muscle Regeneration Capacity of Muscle Stem Cells in Dystrophic Muscle. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
15
|
Wang TTH, Yuan Y, Kang Y, Yuan WL, Zhang HT, Wu LY, Feng ZT. Effects of acupuncture on the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2/bFGF) in the left sixth lumbar dorsal root ganglion following removal of adjacent dorsal root ganglia. Neurosci Lett 2005; 382:236-41. [PMID: 15925097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This investigation studied the temporal changes in the expression of GDNF and FGF-2 in the left sixth lumbar (L6) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after acupuncture in adult cats subjected to unilateral removal of adjacent DRG. The cats were divided into three groups. Group I were normal control animals. Group II cats were subjected to removal of DRG associated with the left L1-L5 and L7-S2 spinal nerves, sparing the L6 DRG. Group III cats received similar treatment as Group II ones, but in addition were subjected to acupuncture on the left side at acupuncture points (xuewei) the day after the operation. Both Groups II and III animals were perfused under anesthesia at 7 and 14 days post-operation (dpo) and their left DRG were processed for the immunohistochemical demonstration of GDNF and FGF-2. Following removal of adjacent DRG, the average number of all GDNF stained neurons in L6 DRG was decreased at 7 dpo and more so at 14 dpo. Acupuncture reversed this trend, as demonstrated in the increased average number of immunopositive small-to-medium sized neurons. FGF-2 expression was also less marked at 7 dpo but returned to normal at 14 dpo. Acupuncture significantly increased the average number of FGF-2 positive neurons compared with that in operated animals. This increase was observed in both large and small-to-medium sized neurons. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the average number of GDNF and FGF-2 neurons in L6 DRG was decreased after unilateral removal of adjacent DRG but acupuncture could reverse some of the changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute for Research on Neuroscience, Kunming Medical College, 650031 Kunming, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kosacka J, Figiel M, Engele J, Hilbig H, Majewski M, Spanel-Borowski K. Angiopoietin-1 promotes neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion cells positive for Tie-2 receptor. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 320:11-9. [PMID: 15714275 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-1068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vascular factors on the nervous system are still poorly investigated. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), an endothelial cell growth factor with influences on blood vessel stabilization, has been recently reported to prevent apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line via a pathway dependent on Tie-2 receptor. The present study focuses on the effect of Ang-1 on cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells isolated from 1-day-old rats. Three-day-old DRG cultures were exposed to Ang-1 treatment under serum-free condition for another 5 days and stained with antibodies against neurofilament (NF) 200 protein. Neurite length and density increased compared with those of controls. Double-immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the co-localization of the Tie-2 receptor in some NF-200-positive perikarya. The reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction technique identified Tie-2 receptor mRNA in intact DRG and in Ang-1-stimulated DRG cell cultures, but not in a Schwann cell line or in primary astrocyte cultures. Western blotting confirmed that the expression of NF 68 protein in cultures treated with Ang-1 or nerve growth factor was higher than that in cultures treated with medium alone. When the Tie-2 receptor was blocked with anti-Tie-2 receptor antibody, neurite outgrowth was severely impeded. Induction of trkA-receptor protein expression was observed to be dependent on the presence of Tie-2 receptors. We conclude that Ang-1 promotes neurite outgrowth from DRG cells positive for Tie-2 receptor. The signalling pathway appears to involve transactivation of the trkA receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosacka
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jungnickel J, Klutzny A, Guhr S, Meyer K, Grothe C. Regulation of neuronal death and calcitonin gene-related peptide by fibroblast growth factor-2 and FGFR3 after peripheral nerve injury: Evidence from mouse mutants. Neuroscience 2005; 134:1343-50. [PMID: 16009496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence and regulation of basic fibroblast growth factor and its high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor FGFR3 in sensory neurons during development and after peripheral nerve injury suggest a physiological role of the fibroblast growth factor-2 system for survival and maintenance of sensory neurons. Here we investigated L5 spinal ganglia of intact and lesioned fibroblast growth factor-2 knock-out and FGFR3 knock-out mice. Quantification of sensory neurons in intact L5 spinal ganglia revealed no differences between wild-types and mutant mice. After sciatic nerve axotomy, the normally occurring neuron loss in wild-type mice was significantly reduced in both knock-out strains suggesting that fibroblast growth factor-2 is involved in neuronal death mediated via FGFR3. In addition, the number of chromatolytic and eccentric cells was significantly increased in fibroblast growth factor-2 knock-out mice indicating a transient protection of injured spinal ganglia neurons in the absence of fibroblast growth factor-2. The expression of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide in sensory neurons of intact fibroblast growth factor-2 knock-out and FGFR3 knock-out mice was not changed in comparison to adequate wild-types. Fibroblast growth factor-2 wild-type and FGFR3 wild-type mice showed a lesion-induced decrease of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive neurons in ipsilateral L5 spinal ganglia whereas the loss of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive sensory neurons is reduced in the absence of fibroblast growth factor-2 or FGFR3, respectively. In addition, FGFR3 wild-type and knock-out mice displayed a contralateral reduction of the neuropeptide after axotomy. These results suggest that endogenous fibroblast growth factor-2 and FGFR3 are crucially involved in the regulation of survival and calcitonin gene-related peptide expression of lumbar sensory neurons after lesion, but not during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jungnickel
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Neuroanatomy, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu W, Galoyan SM, Petruska JC, Oxford GS, Mendell LM. A Developmental Switch in Acute Sensitization of Small Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) Neurons to Capsaicin or Noxious Heating by NGF. J Neurophysiol 2004; 92:3148-52. [PMID: 15201308 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00356.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we have explored the ability of nerve growth factor (NGF) to acutely (within minutes) sensitize responses of nociceptors to capsaicin or noxious heat during postnatal development. While robust sensitization of noxious heat or capsaicin responses by NGF is observed in adult DRG neurons, responses to such stimuli in trkA-positive neurons from early postnatal animals are not sensitized by NGF. Neurons acquire sensitivity to the hyperalgesic effects of NGF between postnatal days 4 and 10 (P4–P10). In contrast to NGF, bradykinin sensitizes responses to noxious heat in both adult and neonatal DRG neurons. These observations suggest a developmental switch in signal transduction cascades linking trkA receptors to hyperalgesia during postnatal development and differences in the signaling pathways mediating bradykinin- and NGF-induced sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut St., Rm. 402 Research II Bldg., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jungnickel J, Claus P, Gransalke K, Timmer M, Grothe C. Targeted disruption of the FGF-2 gene affects the response to peripheral nerve injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 2004; 25:444-52. [PMID: 15033172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2003] [Revised: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is involved in the development, maintenance, and survival of the nervous system. To study the physiological role of endogenous FGF-2 during peripheral nerve regeneration, we analyzed sciatic nerves of FGF-2-deleted mice by using morphometric, morphological, and immunocytochemical methods. Quantification of number and size of myelinated axons in intact sciatic nerves revealed no difference between wild-type and FGF-2 knock-out (ko) animals. One week after nerve crush, FGF-2 ko mice showed about five times more regenerated myelinated axons with increased myelin and axon diameter in comparison to wild-types close to the injury site. In addition, quantitative distribution of macrophages and collapsed myelin profiles suggested faster Wallerian degeneration in FGF-2-deleted mice close to the lesion site. Our results suggest that endogenous FGF-2 is crucially involved in the early phase of peripheral nerve regeneration possibly by regulation of Schwann cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jungnickel
- Department of Neuroanatomy OE 4140, Center of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salvarezza SB, López HS, Mascó DH. The same cellular signaling pathways mediate survival in sensory neurons that switch their trophic requirements during development. J Neurochem 2003; 85:1347-58. [PMID: 12753092 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A distinct subpopulation of rat dorsal root sensory (DRG) neurons, termed P-neurons, switch their trophic requirements for survival during development from nerve growth factor (NGF) at embryonic stages to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) just after birth. We investigated in cultured P-neurons the intracellular signaling pathways mediating survival before and after this switch. The NGF-induced survival was completely blocked by either wortmannin (100 nM) or PD98059 (25-50 nM), which selectively inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT (PI3 kinase-AKT) and mitogen-activated kinase kinase extracellular regulated kinase (MEK-ERKs) pathways, respectively. NGF activated AKT and ERKs in single embryonic P-neurons, as assayed by immunofluorescence of phosphorylated proteins. In concordance with the survival assays, wortmannin and PD98059 blocked AKT and ERKs activation, respectively. Following the trophic switch, bFGF used the same signaling pathways to promote survival of post-natal P-neurons, as either wortmannin or PD98059 blocked its effect. Also, bFGF activated AKT and ERKs in single P-neurons, and this activation was blocked by the same inhibitors. These results strongly suggest that both pathways concurrently mediate the action of NGF and bFGF during embryonic and post-natal periods, respectively. Thus, we report the novel result that the switch in trophic requirements occurs with conservation of the signaling pathways mediating survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana B Salvarezza
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Fac. Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dono R. Fibroblast growth factors as regulators of central nervous system development and function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 284:R867-81. [PMID: 12626354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00533.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are multifunctional signaling proteins that regulate developmental processes and adult physiology. Over the last few years, important progress has been made in understanding the function of FGFs in the embryonic and adult central nervous system. In this review, I will first discuss studies showing that FGF signaling is already required during formation of the neural plate. Next, I will describe how FGF signaling centers control growth and patterning of specific brain structures. Finally, I will focus on the function of FGF signaling in the adult brain and in regulating maintenance and repair of damaged neural tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Dono
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Utrecht University, NL-3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li GD, Wo Y, Zhong MF, Zhang FX, Bao L, Lu YJ, Huang YD, Xiao HS, Zhang X. Expression of fibroblast growth factors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and regulation after peripheral nerve injury. Neuroreport 2002; 13:1903-7. [PMID: 12395088 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200210280-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Using cDNA array, we observed the expression of eight members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, FGF 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14, in rat lumbar 4 and 5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Over a period of 28 days after sciatic nerve transection, the array signals for FGF 2 and 7 were significantly increased in the DRGs, while FGF 13 decreased. Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we confirmed the axotomy-induced changes in the expression of FGF 7 and 13. hybridization showed that FGF 13 was expressed in 60% of DRG neurons under normal circumstance. Seven days after axotomy the number of FGF 13-positive neurons was decreased to 18%, but partially recovered to 40% after 28 days. FGF 13 immunoreactivity was also decreased. These data indicate that FGFs are important for DRG neurons under normal circumstance and after nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Sensory System, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|