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Walker SE, Sabin KZ, Gearhart MD, Yamamoto K, Echeverri K. Regulation of stem cell identity by miR-200a during spinal cord regeneration. Development 2022; 149:274347. [PMID: 35156681 PMCID: PMC8918811 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Axolotls are an important model organism for multiple types of regeneration, including functional spinal cord regeneration. Remarkably, axolotls can repair their spinal cord after a small lesion injury and can also regenerate their entire tail following amputation. Several classical signaling pathways that are used during development are reactivated during regeneration, but how this is regulated remains a mystery. We have previously identified miR-200a as a key factor that promotes successful spinal cord regeneration. Here, using RNA-seq analysis, we discovered that the inhibition of miR-200a results in an upregulation of the classical mesodermal marker brachyury in spinal cord cells after injury. However, these cells still express the neural stem cell marker sox2. In vivo cell tracking allowed us to determine that these cells can give rise to cells of both the neural and mesoderm lineage. Additionally, we found that miR-200a can directly regulate brachyury via a seed sequence in the 3′UTR of the gene. Our data indicate that miR-200a represses mesodermal cell fate after a small lesion injury in the spinal cord when only glial cells and neurons need to be replaced. Summary: Axolotl spinal cord cells have the potential to form cells of the ectoderm and mesoderm depending on the extent of the injury they are responding to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Walker
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Keith Z Sabin
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Echeverri
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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2
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Stevanovic M, Drakulic D, Lazic A, Ninkovic DS, Schwirtlich M, Mojsin M. SOX Transcription Factors as Important Regulators of Neuronal and Glial Differentiation During Nervous System Development and Adult Neurogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:654031. [PMID: 33867936 PMCID: PMC8044450 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.654031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOX proteins belong to the superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) that display properties of both classical TFs and architectural components of chromatin. Since the cloning of the Sox/SOX genes, remarkable progress has been made in illuminating their roles as key players in the regulation of multiple developmental and physiological processes. SOX TFs govern diverse cellular processes during development, such as maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells, cell proliferation, cell fate decisions/germ layer formation as well as terminal cell differentiation into tissues and organs. However, their roles are not limited to development since SOX proteins influence survival, regeneration, cell death and control homeostasis in adult tissues. This review summarized current knowledge of the roles of SOX proteins in control of central nervous system development. Some SOX TFs suspend neural progenitors in proliferative, stem-like state and prevent their differentiation. SOX proteins function as pioneer factors that occupy silenced target genes and keep them in a poised state for activation at subsequent stages of differentiation. At appropriate stage of development, SOX members that maintain stemness are down-regulated in cells that are competent to differentiate, while other SOX members take over their functions and govern the process of differentiation. Distinct SOX members determine down-stream processes of neuronal and glial differentiation. Thus, sequentially acting SOX TFs orchestrate neural lineage development defining neuronal and glial phenotypes. In line with their crucial roles in the nervous system development, deregulation of specific SOX proteins activities is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The overview of the current knowledge about the link between SOX gene variants and NDDs is presented. We outline the roles of SOX TFs in adult neurogenesis and brain homeostasis and discuss whether impaired adult neurogenesis, detected in neurodegenerative diseases, could be associated with deregulation of SOX proteins activities. We present the current data regarding the interaction between SOX proteins and signaling pathways and microRNAs that play roles in nervous system development. Finally, future research directions that will improve the knowledge about distinct and various roles of SOX TFs in health and diseases are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Drakulic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Lazic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojsin
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Juvale IIA, Che Has AT. The Potential Role of miRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1338-1355. [PMID: 33774758 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined as a set of abnormal brain developmental conditions marked by the early childhood onset of cognitive, behavioral, and functional deficits leading to memory and learning problems, emotional instability, and impulsivity. Autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Down's syndrome are a few known examples of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although they are relatively common in both developed and developing countries, very little is currently known about their underlying molecular mechanisms. Both genetic and environmental factors are known to increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Current diagnostic and screening tests for neurodevelopmental disorders are not reliable; hence, individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders are often diagnosed in the later stages. This negatively affects their prognosis and quality of life, prompting the need for a better diagnostic biomarker. Recent studies on microRNAs and their altered regulation in diseases have shed some light on the possible role they could play in the development of the central nervous system. This review attempts to elucidate our current understanding of the role that microRNAs play in neurodevelopmental disorders with the hope of utilizing them as potential biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Imtiyaz Ahmed Juvale
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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4
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MicroRNA-96 is required to prevent allodynia by repressing voltage-gated sodium channels in spinal cord. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 202:102024. [PMID: 33636225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 are predominately expressed in peripheral sensory neurons and are critical for action potential propagation in nociceptors. Unexpectedly, we found that expression of SCN9A, SCN10A, SCN11A, and SCN2A, the alpha subunit of Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9 and Nav1.2, respectively, are up-regulated in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) neurons of miR-96 knockout mice. These mice also have de-repression of CACNA2D1/2 in DRG and display thermal and mechanical allodynia that could be attenuated by intrathecal or intraperitoneal injection of Nav1.7 or Nav1.8 blockers or Gabapentin. Moreover, Gad2::CreERT2 conditional miR-96 knockout mice phenocopied global knockout mice, implicating inhibitory neurons; nerve injury induced significant loss of miR-96 in SDH GABAergic and Glutamatergic neurons in mice which negatively correlated to up-regulation of Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9 and Scn2a, this dis-regulation of miR-96 and Navs in SDH neurons contributed to neuropathic pain which can be alleviated by intrathecal injection of Nav1.7 or Nav1.8 blockers. In conclusion, miR-96 is required to avoid allodynia through limiting the expression of VGCCs and Navs in DRG and Navs in SDH in naïve and nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain mice. Our findings suggest that central nervous system penetrating Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 blockers may be efficacious for pain relief.
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Sweat M, Sweat Y, Yu W, Su D, Leonard RJ, Eliason SL, Amendt BA. The miR-200 family is required for ectodermal organ development through the regulation of the epithelial stem cell niche. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:761-775. [PMID: 33529466 PMCID: PMC8247948 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The murine lower incisor ectodermal organ contains a single epithelial stem cell (SC) niche that provides epithelial progenitor cells to the continuously growing rodent incisor. The dental stem cell niche gives rise to several cell types and we demonstrate that the miR‐200 family regulates these cell fates. The miR‐200 family is highly enriched in the differentiated dental epithelium and absent in the stem cell niche. In this study, we inhibited the miR‐200 family in developing murine embryos using new technology, resulting in an expanded epithelial stem cell niche and lack of cell differentiation. Inhibition of individual miRs within the miR‐200 cluster resulted in differential developmental and cell morphology defects. miR‐200 inhibition increased the expression of dental epithelial stem cell markers, expanded the stem cell niche and decreased progenitor cell differentiation. RNA‐seq. identified miR‐200 regulatory pathways involved in cell differentiation and compartmentalization of the stem cell niche. The miR‐200 family regulates signaling pathways required for cell differentiation and cell cycle progression. The inhibition of miR‐200 decreased the size of the lower incisor due to increased autophagy and cell death. New miR‐200 targets demonstrate gene networks and pathways controlling cell differentiation and maintenance of the stem cell niche. This is the first report demonstrating how the miR‐200 family is required for in vivo progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,The Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yan Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,The Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,The Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Riley J Leonard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven L Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,The Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,The Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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6
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Salem S, Mosaad R. Crosstalk between miR-203 and PKCθ regulates breast cancer stem cell markers. Ann Hum Genet 2021; 85:105-114. [PMID: 33576006 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) is expressed in ER-negative breast cancer and promotes cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotype. PKCθ gene (PRKCQ) is predicted to be a target for tumor suppressor miR-203. Herein, we aim to validate this prediction and evaluate the ability of miR-203 to inhibit migration of breast cancer cell line enriched with CSCs, MDA-MB-231, via PRKCQ targeting. METHODS Cells were transfected with miR-203 mimic, PRKCQ siRNA and negative control; then real-time PCR, migration assay, western blotting, reporter assay, and chromatin accessibility assay were performed. RESULTS Our findings displayed significant decrease in PRKCQ mRNA level and luciferase signals in cells with restored miR-203 expression, therefore, validated PRKCQ as a direct target of miR-203. Additionally, inhibiting PRKCQ by siRNA led to significant inhibition of miR-203 expression and significant decrease of chromatin accessibility at miR-203 promoter region 466-291 upstream TSS. Both of miR-203 re-expression and PRKCQ suppression resulted in altering migration ability of MDA-MB-231 through regulating AKT pathway and genes involved in breast cancer stem cells, CD44 and ALDH1A3. Expression of CDK5, GIV, and NANOG was significantly downregulated in miR-203 mimic-transfected cells, while PRKCQ siRNA-transfected cells displayed downregulation of OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG. Furthermore, we found that miR-224 expression was enhanced while miR-150 was downregulated after ectopic expression of miR-203. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the negative feedback loop between miR-203 and its target PRKCQ and the interplay between them in regulating genes involved in BCSCs. The study also concluded "microRNA-mediated microRNA regulation" as an event in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair Salem
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mosaad
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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7
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Kasashima H, Duran A, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Nakanishi Y, Kinoshita H, Linares JF, Reina-Campos M, Kudo Y, L'Hermitte A, Yashiro M, Ohira M, Bao F, Tauriello DVF, Batlle E, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Stromal SOX2 Upregulation Promotes Tumorigenesis through the Generation of a SFRP1/2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Population. Dev Cell 2020; 56:95-110.e10. [PMID: 33207226 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor malignancy, but the precise transcriptional mechanisms regulating the acquisition of the CAF phenotype are not well understood. We show that the upregulation of SOX2 is central to this process, which is repressed by protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). PKCζ deficiency activates the reprogramming of colonic fibroblasts to generate a predominant SOX2-dependent CAF population expressing the WNT regulator Sfrp2 as its top biomarker. SOX2 directly binds the Sfrp1/2 promoters, and the inactivation of Sox2 or Sfrp1/2 in CAFs impaired the induction of migration and invasion of colon cancer cells, as well as their tumorigenicity in vivo. Importantly, recurrence-free and overall survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients negatively correlates with stromal PKCζ levels. Also, SOX2 expression in the stroma is associated with CRC T invasion and worse prognosis of recurrence-free survival. Therefore, the PKCζ-SOX2 axis emerges as a critical step in the control of CAF pro-tumorigenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kasashima
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antoine L'Hermitte
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniele V F Tauriello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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8
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Gu M, Yu X, Fan L, Zhu G, Yang F, Lou S, Ma L, Pan Y, Wang L. Genetic Variants in miRNAs Are Associated With Risk of Non-syndromic Tooth Agenesis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1052. [PMID: 32973563 PMCID: PMC7472694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) is one of the most common dental abnormalities. MiRNAs participated in the craniofacial and tooth development. Therefore, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes may contribute to the susceptibility of non-syndromic tooth agenesis. Here, a total of 625 non-syndromic tooth agenesis cases and 1,144 healthy controls were recruited, and four miRNA SNPs (miR-146a/rs2910164, miR-196a2/rs11614913, pre-miR-605/rs2043556, pre-miR-618/rs2682818) were genotyped by the TaqMan platform. Rs2043556 showed nominal associations with risk of non-syndromic tooth agenesis (P Add = 0.021) in the overall analysis, as well as upper lateral incisor agenesis (P Add = 0.047) and lower incisor agenesis (P Add = 0.049) in the subgroup analysis. Notably, its significant association with upper canine agenesis was observed (P Add = 0.0016). Rs2043556 affected the mature of miR-605-3p and miR-605-5p while dual-luciferase report analysis indicated that MDM2 was the binding target of miR-605-5p. Our study indicated that pre-miR-605 rs2043556 was associated with risk of non-syndromic tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dentistry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guirong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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MicroRNAs are indispensable for the proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:209-214. [PMID: 32828287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
More than two decades after the discovery of adult neurogenesis in humans, researchers still struggle to elucidate the underlying transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. RNA interference is a crucially important process in the central nervous system, and its role in adult neurogenesis is poorly understood. In this work, we address the role of Dicer-dependent microRNA biogenesis in neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem cells within the subventricular zone of the mouse brain. Loss of the Dicer1 gene in the tailless (Tlx)-positive cells did not cause the decline in their numbers, but severely affected differentiation. Thus, our findings identify yet another phenomenon associated with microRNA pathway deregulation in adult neural stem cells which might be of relevance both for neuroscience and clinical practice.
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10
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Functional characterization of SOX2 as an anticancer target. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:135. [PMID: 32728033 PMCID: PMC7391717 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a well-characterized pluripotent factor that is essential for stem cell self-renewal, reprogramming, and homeostasis. The cellular levels of SOX2 are precisely regulated by a complicated network at the levels of transcription, post-transcription, and post-translation. In many types of human cancer, SOX2 is dysregulated due to gene amplification and protein overexpression. SOX2 overexpression is associated with poor survival of cancer patients. Mechanistically, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion/metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. SOX2 is, therefore, an attractive anticancer target. However, little progress has been made in the efforts to discover SOX2 inhibitors, largely due to undruggable nature of SOX2 as a transcription factor. In this review, we first briefly introduced SOX2 as a transcription factor, its domain structure, normal physiological functions, and its involvement in human cancers. We next discussed its role in embryonic development and stem cell-renewal. We then mainly focused on three aspects of SOX2: (a) the regulatory mechanisms of SOX2, including how SOX2 level is regulated, and how SOX2 cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways to control growth and survival; (b) the role of SOX2 in tumorigenesis and drug resistance; and (c) current drug discovery efforts on targeting SOX2, and the future perspectives to discover specific SOX2 inhibitors for effective cancer therapy.
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11
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Yang D, Wu X, Zhou Y, Wang W, Wang Z. The microRNA/TET3/REST axis is required for olfactory globose basal cell proliferation and male behavior. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49431. [PMID: 32677323 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), new olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are persistently generated to replace lost neurons throughout an organism's lifespan. This process predominantly depends on the proliferation of globose basal cells (GBCs), the actively dividing stem cells in the MOE. Here, by using CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi coupled with adeno-associated virus (AAV) nose delivery approaches, we demonstrated that knockdown of miR-200b/a in the MOE resulted in supernumerary Mash1-marked GBCs and decreased numbers of differentiated OSNs, accompanied by abrogation of male behaviors. We further showed that in the MOE, miR-200b/a targets the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3, which cooperates with RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) to exert their functions. Deficiencies including proliferation, differentiation, and behaviors illustrated in miR-200b/a knockdown mice were rescued by suppressing either TET3 or REST. Our work describes a mechanism of coordination of GBC proliferation and differentiation in the MOE and olfactory male behaviors through miR-200/TET3/REST signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangbo Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Weina Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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12
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Gao H, Ni N, Zhang D, Wang Y, Tang Z, Sun N, Ju Y, Dai X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gu P. miR-762 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells by targeting NPDC1. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1754-1767. [PMID: 32544377 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1777805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerations, which lead to irreversible decline in visual function, are still no effective recovery treatments. Currently, retinal progenitor cell (RPC) transplantation therapy is expected to provide a new approach to treat these diseases; however, the limited proliferation capacity and differentiation potential toward specific retinal neurons of RPCs hinder their potential clinical applications. microRNAs have been reported to serve as important regulators in the cell fate determination of stem/progenitor cells. In this study, our data demonstrated that miR-762 inhibited NPDC1 expression to positively regulate RPC proliferation and suppress RPC neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the knockdown of miR-762 upregulated NPDC1 expression in RPCs, leading to the inhibition of RPC proliferation and the increase in neuronal differentiation. Moreover, NPDC1 could rescue anti-miR-762-induced RPC proliferation deficiency and the inhibitory effect of miR-762 on RPC differentiation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-762 plays a crucial role in regulating RPC proliferation and differentiation by directly targeting NPDC1, which is firstly reported that microRNAs positively regulate RPC proliferation and negatively regulate RPC differentiation, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that dominate RPC proliferation and differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai, P.R. China
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13
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Song Z, Yu Z, Chen L, Zhou Z, Zou Q, Liu Y. MicroRNA-1181 supports the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing AXIN1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109397. [PMID: 31514071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs regulate multiple biological behaviors of cancers, making them potential targets of new cancer therapies. MiR-1181 has been demonstrated to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressing function in a tissue-dependent way, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was unclear. Here, we showed that miR-1181 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues when compared with tumor-adjacent normal ones or normal liver tissues from donated organ, and that inhibition of miR-1181 could repress the growth of HCC cells. Through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays, we found that axis inhibition protein 1 (AXIN1) was a direct target of miR-1181, and the expression of AXIN1 showed a negative correlation with that of miR-1181 in HCC. Therefore, these data indicated an oncogenic function of miRNA-1181 in the development of HCC and a potential target for the clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhaomei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Infection, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhijiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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14
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Li S, Feng Z, Zhang X, Lan D, Wu Y. Up-regulation of microRNA-200c-3p inhibits invasion and migration of renal cell carcinoma cells via the SOX2-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:231. [PMID: 31516388 PMCID: PMC6731573 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-200c-3p (miR-200c-3p) has been revealed to be related to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression, while the inner mechanisms remain unknown. In our study, we intend to unearth the capability of miR-200c-3p in RCC development via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through binding to SOX2. Methods miR-200c-3p, SOX2, β-catenin and GSK3β expression in both tissues and cells of RCC were detected by RT-qPCR or western blot analysis. miR-200c-3p was restored or silenced to determine their biological functions of RCC cells. Expression of SOX2 and related proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The effect of the combination of downregulated miR-200c-3p and downregulated SOX2 on cell biological behavior change was also determined. Results Initially, we found that miR-200c-3p was declined while SOX2, β-catenin and GSK3β was elevated in RCC tissues and cells. A498 cells with the largest difference in miR-200c-3p expression and OS-RC-2 cells with the smallest difference were selected for subsequent experiments. Additionally, upregulated miR-200c-3p and downregulated SOX2 was determined to suppress proliferation, migration, invasion and induce apoptosis of RCC cells. Furthermore, miR-200c-3p inhibited SOX2 to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion Collectively, this study highlights that upregulated miR-200c-3p inhibits expression of SOX2, thereby inhibiting development of RCC cells via modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Longhu Central Ring Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Longhu Central Ring Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Longhu Central Ring Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Lan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Longhu Central Ring Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Longhu Central Ring Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 People's Republic of China
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15
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Chaudhary S, Islam Z, Mishra V, Rawat S, Ashraf GM, Kolatkar PR. Sox2: A Regulatory Factor in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:495-504. [PMID: 30907312 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190325102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox2 plays an important role in various phases of embryonic development, including cell fate and differentiation. These key regulatory functions are facilitated by binding to specific DNA sequences in combination with partner proteins to exert their effects. Recently, overexpression and gene amplification of Sox2 has been associated with tumor aggression and metastasis in various cancer types, including breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and colon cancer. All the different roles for Sox2 involve complicated regulatory networks consisting of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. Their involvement in the EMT modulation is possibly enabled by Wnt/ β-catenin and other signaling pathways. There are number of in vivo models which show Sox2 association with increased cancer aggressiveness, resistance to chemo-radiation therapy and decreased survival rate suggesting Sox2 as a therapeutic target. This review will focus on the different roles for Sox2 in metastasis and tumorigenesis. We will also review the mechanism of action underlying the cooperative Sox2- DNA/partner factors binding where Sox2 can be potentially explored for a therapeutic opportunity to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijaya Mishra
- RASA Life science Informatics, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sakshi Rawat
- RASA Life science Informatics, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna R Kolatkar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Byun SH, Kwon M, Lee SM, Noh H, Yoon K. PACT increases mammalian embryonic neural stem cell properties by facilitating activation of the notch signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:392-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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MiR-34 and MiR-200: Regulator of Cell Fate Plasticity and Neural Development. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:97-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Aguilar-Medina M, Avendaño-Félix M, Lizárraga-Verdugo E, Bermúdez M, Romero-Quintana JG, Ramos-Payan R, Ruíz-García E, López-Camarillo C. SOX9 Stem-Cell Factor: Clinical and Functional Relevance in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6754040. [PMID: 31057614 PMCID: PMC6463569 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6754040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic embryonic programs can be reactivated in cancer cells. As result, a specific subset of undifferentiated cells with stem-cells properties emerges and drives tumorigenesis. Recent findings have shown that ectoderm- and endoderm-derived tissues continue expressing stem-cells related transcription factors of the SOX-family of proteins such as SOX2 and SOX9 which have been implicated in the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in tumors. Currently, there is enough evidence suggesting an oncogenic role for SOX9 in different types of human cancers. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge about the involvement of SOX9 in development and progression of cancer. Understanding the functional roles of SOX9 and clinical relevance is crucial for developing novel treatments targeting CSCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mariana Avendaño-Félix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalío Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. CDMX, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
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19
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FOXG1 Regulates PRKAR2B Transcriptionally and Posttranscriptionally via miR200 in the Adult Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5188-5201. [PMID: 30539330 PMCID: PMC6647430 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is mainly caused by mutations in MECP2. However, mutations in FOXG1 cause a less frequent form of atypical Rett syndrome, called FOXG1 syndrome. FOXG1 is a key transcription factor crucial for forebrain development, where it maintains the balance between progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Using genome-wide small RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics, we identified that FOXG1 affects the biogenesis of miR200b/a/429 and interacts with the ATP-dependent RNA helicase, DDX5/p68. Both FOXG1 and DDX5 associate with the microprocessor complex, whereby DDX5 recruits FOXG1 to DROSHA. RNA-Seq analyses of Foxg1cre/+ hippocampi and N2a cells overexpressing miR200 family members identified cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit (PRKAR2B) as a target of miR200 in neural cells. PRKAR2B inhibits postsynaptic functions by attenuating protein kinase A (PKA) activity; thus, increased PRKAR2B levels may contribute to neuronal dysfunctions in FOXG1 syndrome. Our data suggest that FOXG1 regulates PRKAR2B expression both on transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
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20
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Pang Y, Liu J, Li X, Xiao G, Wang H, Yang G, Li Y, Tang SC, Qin S, Du N, Zhang H, Liu D, Sun X, Ren H. MYC and DNMT3A-mediated DNA methylation represses microRNA-200b in triple negative breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6262-6274. [PMID: 30324719 PMCID: PMC6237581 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with a poor prognosis. The microRNA‐200 (miR‐200) family has been associated with breast cancer metastasis. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying miR‐200b repression in TNBC are not fully elucidated. In this study, we found that MYC proto‐oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC) and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) were highly expressed in TNBC tissues compared with other breast cancer subtypes, while miR‐200b expression was inhibited significantly. We demonstrated that MYC physically interacted with DNMT3A in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MYC recruited DNMT3A to the miR‐200b promoter, resulting in proximal CpG island hypermethylation and subsequent miR‐200b repression. MiR‐200b directly inhibited DNMT3A expression and formed a feedback loop in TNBC cells. MiR‐200b overexpression synergistically repressed target genes including zinc‐finger E‐box‐binding homeobox factor 1, Sex determining region Y‐box 2 (SOX2), and CD133, and inhibited the migration, invasion and mammosphere formation of TNBC cells. Our findings reveal that MYC can collaborate with DNMT3A on inducing promoter methylation and miR‐200b silencing, and thereby promotes the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and mammosphere formation of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guodong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huangzhen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ganghua Yang
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Breast Cancer Program and Interdisciplinary Translational Research Team, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sida Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Henggang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, People's Hospital of Hanzhong City, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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21
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Vieira MS, Santos AK, Vasconcellos R, Goulart VAM, Parreira RC, Kihara AH, Ulrich H, Resende RR. Neural stem cell differentiation into mature neurons: Mechanisms of regulation and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1946-1970. [PMID: 30077716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of stem cells to self-renew and form different mature cells expand the possibilities of applications in cell-based therapies such as tissue recomposition in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to stem cells found in the embryo, various adult organs and tissues have niches of stem cells in an undifferentiated state. In the central nervous system of adult mammals, neurogenesis occurs in two regions: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The generation of the different neural lines originates in adult neural stem cells that can self-renew or differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons in response to specific stimuli. The regulation of the fate of neural stem cells is a finely controlled process relying on a complex regulatory network that extends from the epigenetic to the translational level and involves extracellular matrix components. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying how the process of neurogenesis is induced, regulated, and maintained will provide elues for development of novel for strategies for neurodegenerative therapies. In this review, we focus on describing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the neuronal differentiation process by transcription factors, microRNAs, and extracellular matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson K Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia A M Goulart
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Parreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Kihara
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil.
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22
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Zhang MD, Su J, Adori C, Cinquina V, Malenczyk K, Girach F, Peng C, Ernfors P, Löw P, Borgius L, Kiehn O, Watanabe M, Uhlén M, Mitsios N, Mulder J, Harkany T, Hökfelt T. Ca2+-binding protein NECAB2 facilitates inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3757-3768. [PMID: 29893745 DOI: 10.1172/jci120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain signals are transmitted by multisynaptic glutamatergic pathways. Their first synapse between primary nociceptors and excitatory spinal interneurons gates the sensory load. In this pathway, glutamate release is orchestrated by Ca2+-sensor proteins, with N-terminal EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein 2 (NECAB2) being particular abundant. However, neither the importance of NECAB2+ neuronal contingents in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord nor the function determination by NECAB2 has been defined. A combination of histochemical analyses and single-cell RNA-sequencing showed NECAB2 in small- and medium-sized C- and Aδ D-hair low-threshold mechanoreceptors in DRGs, as well as in protein kinase C γ excitatory spinal interneurons. NECAB2 was downregulated by peripheral nerve injury, leading to the hypothesis that NECAB2 loss of function could limit pain sensation. Indeed, Necab2-/- mice reached a pain-free state significantly faster after peripheral inflammation than did WT littermates. Genetic access to transiently activated neurons revealed that a mediodorsal cohort of NECAB2+ neurons mediates inflammatory pain in the mouse spinal dorsal horn. Here, besides dampening excitatory transmission in spinal interneurons, NECAB2 limited pronociceptive brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release from sensory afferents. Hoxb8-dependent reinstatement of NECAB2 expression in Necab2-/- mice then demonstrated that spinal and DRG NECAB2 alone could control inflammation-induced sensory hypersensitivity. Overall, we identify NECAB2 as a critical component of pronociceptive pain signaling, whose inactivation offers substantial pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Cinquina
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Malenczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatima Girach
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Changgeng Peng
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Löw
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Borgius
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Kiehn
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Mitsios
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Mulder
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang S, Toledo EM, Rosmaninho P, Peng C, Uhlén P, Castro DS, Arenas E. A Zeb2-miR-200c loop controls midbrain dopaminergic neuron neurogenesis and migration. Commun Biol 2018; 1:75. [PMID: 30271956 PMCID: PMC6123725 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeb2 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays pleiotropic functions during embryogenesis, but its role for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development is unknown. Here we report that Zeb2 is highly expressed in progenitor cells in the ventricular zone of the midbrain floor plate and downregulated in postmitotic neuroblasts. Functional experiments show that Zeb2 expression in the embryonic ventral midbrain is dynamically regulated by a negative feedback loop that involves miR-200c. We also find that Zeb2 overexpression reduces the levels of CXCR4, NR4A2, and PITX3 in the developing ventral midbrain in vivo, resulting in migration and mDA differentiation defects. This phenotype was recapitulated by miR-200c knockdown, suggesting that the Zeb2-miR-200c loop prevents the premature differentiation of mDA progenitors into postmitotic cells and their migration. Together, our study establishes Zeb2 and miR-200c as critical regulators that maintain the balance between mDA progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzheng Yang
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique M Toledo
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Changgeng Peng
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Gao Y, Chen L, Song H, Chen Y, Wang R, Feng B. A double-negative feedback loop between E2F3b and miR- 200b regulates docetaxel chemosensitivity of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:27613-26. [PMID: 27027446 PMCID: PMC5053675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs which negatively regulate gene expressions mainly through 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) binding of target mRNAs. Recent studies have highlighted the feedback loops between miRNAs and their target genes in physiological and pathological processes including chemoresistance of cancers. Our previous study identified miR-200b/E2F3 axis as a chemosensitivity restorer of human lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) cells. Moreover, E2F3b was bioinformatically proved to be a potential transcriptional regulator of pre-miR-200b gene promoter. The existance of this double-negative feedback minicircuitry comprising E2F3b and miR-200b was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, site-specific mutation and luciferase reporter assay. And the underlying regulatory mechanisms of this feedback loop on docetaxel resistance of LAD cells were further investigated by applying in vitro chemosensitivity assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as mice xenograft model. In conclusion, our results suggest that the double-negative feedback loop between E2F3b and miR-200b regulates docetaxel chemosensitivity of human LAD cells mainly through cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Haizhu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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25
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Svetoni F, De Paola E, La Rosa P, Mercatelli N, Caporossi D, Sette C, Paronetto MP. Post-transcriptional regulation of FUS and EWS protein expression by miR-141 during neural differentiation. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2732-2746. [PMID: 28453628 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development involves proliferation, migration and specification of neural progenitor cells, culminating in neuronal circuit formation. Mounting evidence indicates that improper regulation of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including members of the FET (FUS, EWS, TAF15) family, results in defective cortical development and/or neurodegenerative disorders. However, in spite of their physiological relevance, the precise pattern of FET protein expression in developing neurons is largely unknown. Herein, we found that FUS, EWS and TAF15 expression is differentially regulated during brain development, both in time and in space. In particular, our study identifies a fine-tuned regulation of FUS and EWS during neuronal differentiation, whereas TAF15 appears to be more constitutively expressed. Mechanistically FUS and EWS protein expression is regulated at the post-transcriptional level during neuron differentiation and brain development. Moreover, we identified miR-141 as a key regulator of these FET proteins that modulate their expression levels in differentiating neuronal cells. Thus, our studies uncover a novel link between post-transcriptional regulation of FET proteins expression and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Svetoni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa De Paola
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.,Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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26
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Zammit V, Baron B, Ayers D. MiRNA Influences in Neuroblast Modulation: An Introspective Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010026. [PMID: 29315268 PMCID: PMC5793179 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common occurring solid paediatric cancer in children under the age of five years. Whether of familial or sporadic origin, chromosome abnormalities contribute to the development of NB and cause dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small non-coding, single stranded RNAs that target messenger RNAs at the post-transcriptional levels by repressing translation within all facets of human physiology. Such gene 'silencing' activities by miRNAs allows the development of regulatory feedback loops affecting multiple functions within the cell, including the possible differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) lineage selection. Neurogenesis includes stages of self-renewal and fate specification of NSCs, migration and maturation of young neurones, and functional integration of new neurones into the neural circuitry, all of which are regulated by miRNAs. The role of miRNAs and their interaction in cellular processes are recognised aspects of cancer genetics, and miRNAs are currently employed as biomarkers for prognosis and tumour characterisation in multiple cancer models. Consequently, thorough understanding of the mechanisms of how these miRNAs interplay at the transcriptomic level will definitely lead to the development of novel, bespoke and efficient therapeutic measures, with this review focusing on the influences of miRNAs on neuroblast modulations leading to neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zammit
- National Blood Transfusion Service, St. Luke's Hospital, PTA1010 G'Mangia, Malta.
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta.
| | - Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta.
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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27
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Guarino E, Delli Poggi C, Grieco GE, Cenci V, Ceccarelli E, Crisci I, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Updates and Perspectives. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6380463. [PMID: 29849620 PMCID: PMC5924999 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6380463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance, with onset or first recognition during second or third trimester of gestation. It is estimated that approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM and that its prevalence is rising all over the world. Thus, the screening for abnormal glucose levels is generally recommended as a routine component of care for pregnant women. However, additional biomarkers are needed in order to predict the onset or accurately monitor the status of gestational diabetes. Recently, microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs demonstrated to modulate gene expression, have been proven to be secreted by cells of origin and can be found in many biological fluids such as serum or plasma. Such feature renders microRNAs as optimal biomarkers and sensors of in situ tissue alterations. Furthermore, secretion of microRNAs via exosomes has been reported to contribute to tissue cross talk, thus potentially represents, if disrupted, a mechanistic cause of tissue/cell dysfunction in a specific disease. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on circulating microRNAs and gestational diabetes mellitus with particular focus on the potential use of microRNAs as putative biomarkers of disease as well as a potential cause of GDM complications and β cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guarino
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Delli Poggi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Cenci
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Crisci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
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28
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Peng C, Furlan A, Zhang MD, Su J, Lübke M, Lönnerberg P, Abdo H, Sontheimer J, Sundström E, Ernfors P. Termination of cell-type specification gene programs by miR-183 cluster determines the population sizes of low threshold mechanosensitive neurons. Development 2018; 145:dev.165613. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.165613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Touch and mechanical sensations require the development of several different kinds of sensory neurons dedicated to respond to certain types of mechanical stimuli. The transcription factor Shox2 (short stature homeobox 2) is involved in the generation of TRKB+ low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs), but mechanisms terminating this program and allowing for alternative fates are unknown. Here, we show that the conditional loss of miR-183-96-182 cluster leads to a failure of extinction of Shox2 during development and an increase in the proportion of Aδ LTMRs (TRKB+/NECAB2+) neurons at the expense of Aβ slowly adapting (SA)-LTMRs (TRKC+/Runx3−) neurons. Conversely, overexpression of miR-183 cluster that represses Shox2 expression, or loss of Shox2, both increases the Aβ SA-LTMRs population at expense of Aδ LTMRs. Our results suggest that the miR-183 cluster determines the timing of Shox2 expression by direct targeting during development, and through this determines the population sizes of Aδ LTMRs and Aβ SA-LTMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200029 Shanghai, China
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming-Dong Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moritz Lübke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hind Abdo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Sontheimer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society. Karolinska Institutet, 171777 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Rodrigues DC, Kim DS, Yang G, Zaslavsky K, Ha KCH, Mok RSF, Ross PJ, Zhao M, Piekna A, Wei W, Blencowe BJ, Morris Q, Ellis J. MECP2 Is Post-transcriptionally Regulated during Human Neurodevelopment by Combinatorial Action of RNA-Binding Proteins and miRNAs. Cell Rep 2017; 17:720-734. [PMID: 27732849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressive increase in MECP2 protein levels is a crucial and precisely regulated event during neurodevelopment, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We report that MECP2 is regulated post-transcriptionally during in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into cortical neurons. Using reporters to identify functional RNA sequences in the MECP2 3' UTR and genetic manipulations to explore the role of interacting factors on endogenous MECP2, we discover combinatorial mechanisms that regulate RNA stability and translation. The RNA-binding protein PUM1 and pluripotent-specific microRNAs destabilize the long MECP2 3' UTR in hESCs. Hence, the 3' UTR appears to lengthen during differentiation as the long isoform becomes stable in neurons. Meanwhile, translation of MECP2 is repressed by TIA1 in hESCs until HuC predominates in neurons, resulting in a switch to translational enhancement. Ultimately, 3' UTR-directed translational fine-tuning differentially modulates MECP2 protein in the two cell types to levels appropriate for normal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid C Rodrigues
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Guang Yang
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Kirill Zaslavsky
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Kevin C H Ha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Rebecca S F Mok
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - P Joel Ross
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Melody Zhao
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alina Piekna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Wei Wei
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Quaid Morris
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.
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30
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Jiang K, Zhang M, Li F, Li D, Sun G, Liu X, Li H, Han R, Jiang R, Li Z, Kang X, Yan F. Study on the role of gga-miRNA-200a in regulating cell differentiation and proliferation of chicken breast muscle by targeting Grb2. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2017.1400465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Lamadrid-Romero M, Solís KH, Cruz-Reséndiz MS, Pérez JE, Díaz NF, Flores-Herrera H, García-López G, Perichart O, Reyes-Muñoz E, Arenas-Huertero F, Eguía-Aguilar P, Molina-Hernández A. Central nervous system development-related microRNAs levels increase in the serum of gestational diabetic women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Neurosci Res 2017; 130:8-22. [PMID: 28803788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are heterochronic molecules important during brain development, which could be altered by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). To explore these molecules in maternal serum, we performed an RT-qPCR analysis. Our results revealed the heterochronic character of some neural development-related microRNA in serum samples of pregnant women. In relation to the first trimester, higher levels of miR-183-5p, -200b-3p, and -125-5p in the second trimester, and higher levels of miR-137 in the third trimester, were found. Furthermore, an insult such as GDM led to higher levels of miR-183-5p, -200b-3p, -125-5p, and -1290 relative to the control in the first trimester, which might be related to changes in neurogenesis and cell proliferation. An in silico analysis suggested that increased microRNAs in the second trimester in the control contributed to cell proliferation and neuron differentiation and that the rise in miR-137 in the third trimester led to neuron maturation. In the diabetic, higher levels of the microRNAs in the first trimester suggested alterations in cell proliferation and neuron differentiation. In conclusion, we showed that fetal-related microRNAs can be detected in the serum of pregnant woman and exhibit temporary regulation during pregnancy and that microRNAs involved in cell proliferation and neuron differentiation are upregulated under GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamadrid-Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular (Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo), Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias-UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - K H Solís
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular (Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo), Mexico
| | - M S Cruz-Reséndiz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular (Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo), Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias-UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J E Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular (Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo), Mexico
| | - N F Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular (Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo), Mexico
| | - H Flores-Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes", Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Mexico
| | - G García-López
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular (Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo), Mexico
| | - O Perichart
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes", Departamento de Nutrición, Mexico
| | - E Reyes-Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes", Departamento de Endocrionología, Mexico
| | - F Arenas-Huertero
- Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Mexico
| | - P Eguía-Aguilar
- Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Departamento de Patología, Mexico
| | - A Molina-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular (Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo), Mexico.
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32
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MicroRNA-Directed Neuronal Reprogramming as a Therapeutic Strategy for Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4428-4436. [PMID: 28664454 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The loss of neurons due to injury and disease results in a wide spectrum of highly disabling neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, given the apparent limited capacity of endogenous repair of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, it is important to develop technologies that can promote de novo neural stem cell and neuron generation. Current insights in CNS development and cellular reprogramming have provided the knowledge to finely modulate lineage-restricted transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNA) to elicit correct neurogenesis. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the direct reprogramming of somatic non-neuronal cells into neural stem cells or subtype specific neurons in vitro and in vivo focusing on miRNA driven reprogramming. miRNA can allow rapid and efficient direct phenotype conversion by modulating gene networks active during development, which promote global shifts in the epigenetic landscape pivoting cell fate decisions. Furthermore, we critically present state-of-the-art and recent advances on miRNA therapeutics that can be applied to the diseased CNS. Together, the advances in our understanding of miRNA role in CNS development and disease, recent progress in miRNA-based therapeutic strategies, and innovative drug delivery methods create novel perspectives for meaningful therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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33
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Peng C, Li L, Zhang MD, Bengtsson Gonzales C, Parisien M, Belfer I, Usoskin D, Abdo H, Furlan A, Häring M, Lallemend F, Harkany T, Diatchenko L, Hökfelt T, Hjerling-Leffler J, Ernfors P. miR-183 cluster scales mechanical pain sensitivity by regulating basal and neuropathic pain genes. Science 2017; 356:1168-1171. [PMID: 28572455 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nociception is protective and prevents tissue damage but can also facilitate chronic pain. Whether a general principle governs these two types of pain is unknown. Here, we show that both basal mechanical and neuropathic pain are controlled by the microRNA-183 (miR-183) cluster in mice. This single cluster controls more than 80% of neuropathic pain-regulated genes and scales basal mechanical sensitivity and mechanical allodynia by regulating auxiliary voltage-gated calcium channel subunits α2δ-1 and α2δ-2. Basal sensitivity is controlled in nociceptors, and allodynia involves TrkB+ light-touch mechanoreceptors. These light-touch-sensitive neurons, which normally do not elicit pain, produce pain during neuropathy that is reversed by gabapentin. Thus, a single microRNA cluster continuously scales acute noxious mechanical sensitivity in nociceptive neurons and suppresses neuropathic pain transduction in a specific, light-touch-sensitive neuronal type recruited during mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Peng
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Bengtsson Gonzales
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Parisien
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Inna Belfer
- Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dmitry Usoskin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hind Abdo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Häring
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francois Lallemend
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gao Y, Feng B, Lu L, Han S, Chu X, Chen L, Wang R. MiRNAs and E2F3: a complex network of reciprocal regulations in human cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60624-60639. [PMID: 28947999 PMCID: PMC5601167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) is oncogenic in tumorigenesis. Alterations in E2F3 functions correspond with poor prognosis in various cancers, underscoring their status for the clinical cancer phenotype. Latest reports discovered intricate networks between microRNAs (miRNAs) and E2F3 in regulating the balance of these events, including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, as well as drug resistance. miRNAs are non-coding small RNAs which negatively regulate gene expressions post-transcriptionally mainly through 3′-UTR binding of target mRNAs. Increasing evidence shows that E2F3 can be activated/inhibited by numerous miRNAs whose dysregulation has been implicated in malignancy. In turn, miRNAs themselves can be transcriptionally regulated by E2F3, thus forming a negative feedback loop. These findings add a new challenging layer of complexity to E2F3 network. Current understanding of the reciprocal link between E2F3 and miRNAs in human cancers were summarized, which could help to develop potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Byun SH, Kim J, Han D, Kwon M, Cho JY, Ng HX, Pleasure SJ, Yoon K. TRBP maintains mammalian embryonic neural stem cell properties by acting as a novel transcriptional coactivator of the Notch signaling pathway. Development 2017; 144:778-783. [PMID: 28174252 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transactivation response element RNA-binding protein (TRBP; TARBP2) is known to play important roles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and microRNA biogenesis. However, recent studies implicate TRBP in a variety of biological processes as a mediator of cross-talk between signal transduction pathways. Here, we provide the first evidence that TRBP is required for efficient neurosphere formation and for the expression of neural stem cell markers and Notch target genes in primary neural progenitor cells in vitro Consistent with this, introduction of TRBP into the mouse embryonic brain in utero increased the fraction of cells expressing Sox2 in the ventricular zone. We also show that TRBP physically interacts with the Notch transcriptional coactivation complex through C promoter-binding factor 1 (CBF1; RBPJ) and strengthens the association between the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and CBF1, resulting in increased NICD recruitment to the promoter region of a Notch target gene. Our data indicate that TRBP is a novel transcriptional coactivator of the Notch signaling pathway, playing an important role in neural stem cell regulation during mammalian brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Byun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Juwan Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Dasol Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Mookwang Kwon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui Xuan Ng
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
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36
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Ma M, Wang X, Chen X, Cai R, Chen F, Dong W, Yang G, Pang W. MicroRNA-432 targeting E2F3 and P55PIK inhibits myogenesis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. RNA Biol 2017; 14:347-360. [PMID: 28085550 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1279786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the dominant executant in locomotion and regulator in energy metabolism. Embryonic myogenesis and postnatal muscle growth are controlled by a cascade of transcription factors and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of non-coding RNA of 22 nucleotides in length, post-transcriptionally regulates expression of mRNA by pairing the seed sequence to 3' UTR of target mRNA. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs are important regulators in diverse myogenic processes. The profiling of miRNA expression revealed that miR-432 is more enriched in the longissimus dorsi of 35-day-old piglets than that of adult pigs. Our gain of function study showed that miR-432 can negatively regulate both myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Mechanically, we found that miR-432 is able to down-regulate E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) to inactivate the expression of cell cycle and myogenic genes. We also identified that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit (P55PIK) is another target gene of miR-432 in muscle cells. downregulation of P55PIK by miR-432 leads to inhibition of P55PIK-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway during differentiation. The blocking effect of miR-432 on this pathway can be rescued by insulin treatment. Taken together, our findings identified microRNA-432 as a potent inhibitor of myogenesis which functions by targeting E2F3 and P55PIK in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Ma
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Rui Cai
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Fenfen Chen
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
| | - Weijun Pang
- a Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi , China
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37
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Regulatory roles of microRNAs in human dental tissues. Gene 2017; 596:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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38
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Yang H, Zhang L, An J, Zhang Q, Liu C, He B, Hao DJ. MicroRNA-Mediated Reprogramming of Somatic Cells into Neural Stem Cells or Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1587-1600. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Efrat S. Mechanisms of adult human β-cell in vitro dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:97-101. [PMID: 27615137 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in animal models and human pathological specimens suggest the involvement of β-cell dedifferentiation in β-cell dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes. Dedifferentiated β-cells may be exploited for endogenous renewal of the β-cell mass. However, studying human β-cell dedifferentiation in diabetes presents major difficulties. We have analysed mechanisms involved in human β-cell dedifferentiation in vitro, under conditions that allow cell proliferation. Although there are important differences between the two cellular environments, β-cell dedifferentiation in the two conditions is likely to share a number of common pathways. Insights from the in vitro studies may lead to development of approaches for redifferentiation of endogenous dedifferentiated β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Efrat
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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40
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Roese-Koerner B, Stappert L, Berger T, Braun NC, Veltel M, Jungverdorben J, Evert BO, Peitz M, Borghese L, Brüstle O. Reciprocal Regulation between Bifunctional miR-9/9(∗) and its Transcriptional Modulator Notch in Human Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:207-19. [PMID: 27426040 PMCID: PMC4982985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells is crucial to assure proper neural development. In this context, Notch signaling is a well-known promoter of stemness. In contrast, the bifunctional brain-enriched microRNA miR-9/9∗ has been implicated in promoting neuronal differentiation. Therefore, we set out to explore the role of both regulators in human neural stem cells. We found that miR-9/9∗ decreases Notch activity by targeting NOTCH2 and HES1, resulting in an enhanced differentiation. Vice versa, expression levels of miR-9/9∗ depend on the activation status of Notch signaling. While Notch inhibits differentiation of neural stem cells, it also induces miR-9/9∗ via recruitment of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD)/RBPj transcriptional complex to the miR-9/9∗_2 genomic locus. Thus, our data reveal a mutual interaction between bifunctional miR-9/9∗ and the Notch signaling cascade, calibrating the delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation of human neural stem cells. MiR-9/9∗ regulate Notch signaling by targeting NOTCH2 and HES1 Notch directly regulates transcription of the miR-9_2 genomic locus Notch-miR-9 reciprocal regulation calibrates NSC self-renewal and differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Roese-Koerner
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Stappert
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Christian Braun
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Veltel
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Jungverdorben
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd O Evert
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lodovica Borghese
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Mansouri S, Nejad R, Karabork M, Ekinci C, Solaroglu I, Aldape KD, Zadeh G. Sox2: regulation of expression and contribution to brain tumors. CNS Oncol 2016; 5:159-73. [PMID: 27230973 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the CNS are composed of a complex mixture of neoplastic cells, in addition to vascular, inflammatory and stromal components. Similar to most other tumors, brain tumors contain a heterogeneous population of cells that are found at different stages of differentiation. The cancer stem cell hypothesis suggests that all tumors are composed of subpopulation of cells with stem-like properties, which are capable of self-renewal, display resistance to therapy and lead to tumor recurrence. One of the most important transcription factors that regulate cancer stem cell properties is SOX2. In this review, we focus on SOX2 and the complex network of signaling molecules and transcription factors that regulate its expression and function in brain tumor initiating cells. We also highlight important findings in the literature about the role of SOX2 in glioblastoma and medulloblastoma, where it has been more extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Mansouri
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Romina Nejad
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Merve Karabork
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Ekinci
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- McFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
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42
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miR-200c: a versatile watchdog in cancer progression, EMT, and drug resistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:629-44. [PMID: 27094812 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-22-nucleotide small endogenous non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. In the last two decades, identification of almost 2600 miRNAs in human and their potential to be modulated opened a new avenue to target almost all hallmarks of cancer. miRNAs have been classified as tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the phenotype they induce, the targets they modulate, and the tissue where they function. miR-200c, an illustrious tumor suppressor, is one of the highly studied miRNAs in terms of development, stemness, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), therapy resistance, and metastasis. In this review, we first focus on the regulation of miR-200c expression and its role in regulating EMT in a ZEB1/E-cadherin axis-dependent and ZEB1/E-cadherin axis-independent manner. We then describe the role of miR-200c in therapy resistance in terms of multidrug resistance, chemoresistance, targeted therapy resistance, and radiotherapy resistance in various cancer types. We highlight the importance of miR-200c at the intersection of EMT and chemoresistance. Furthermore, we show how miR-200c coordinates several important signaling cascades such as TGF-β signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, Notch signaling, VEGF signaling, and NF-κB signaling. Finally, we discuss miR-200c as a potential prognostic/diagnostic biomarker in several diseases, but mainly focusing on cancer and its potential application in future therapeutics.
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Yao S. MicroRNA biogenesis and their functions in regulating stem cell potency and differentiation. Biol Proced Online 2016; 18:8. [PMID: 26966421 PMCID: PMC4785656 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-016-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are unspecialized/undifferentiated cells that exist in embryos and adult tissues or can be converted from somatic differentiated cells. Use of stem cells for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering has been a cornerstone of the regenerative medicine. Stem cells are also believed to exist in cancer tissues, namely cancer stem cells (CSCs). Growing evidence suggests that CSCs are the culprit of cancer dormancy, progression and recurrence, and thus have recently received great attention. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of short, non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of a wide range of genes at a post-transcriptional manner. They are emerging as key regulators of stem cell behaviors. This mini review summarizes the basic biogenesis and mode of actions of miRNAs, recent progress and discoveries of miRNAs in cellular reprogramming, stem cell differentiation and cellular communication, as well as miRNAs in CSCs. Some potential of miRNAs in future biomedical applications and research pertaining to stem cells are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA
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44
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The microRNA-200 family: small molecules with novel roles in cancer development, progression and therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6472-98. [PMID: 25762624 PMCID: PMC4466628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression post-transcriptionally via base pairing between the 5′ seed region of a miRNA and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of a messenger RNA (mRNA). Recent evidence has supported the critical role that miRNAs play in many diseases including cancer. The miR-200 family consisting of 5 members (miR-200a, -200b, -200c, -141, -429) is an emerging miRNA family that has been shown to play crucial roles in cancer initiation and metastasis, and potentially be important for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. While miR-200s were found to be critically involved in the metastatic colonization to the lungs in mouse mammary xenograft tumor models, a large number of studies demonstrated their strong suppressive effects on cell transformation, cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis. This review aims to discuss research findings about the role of the miR-200 family in cancer initiation, each step of cancer metastatic cascade, cancer diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive summary of currently validated miR-200 targets is also presented. It is concluded that miR-200 family may serve as novel targets for the therapy of multiple types of cancer.
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45
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Kim BW, Cho H, Choi CH, Ylaya K, Chung JY, Kim JH, Hewitt SM. Clinical significance of OCT4 and SOX2 protein expression in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1015. [PMID: 26706028 PMCID: PMC4691290 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cell markers have become a major research focus because of their relationship with radiation or chemotherapy resistance in cancer therapy. Cancer stem cell markers including OCT4 and SOX2 have been found in various solid tumors. Here, we investigate the expression and clinical significance of OCT4 and SOX2 in cervical cancer. Methods To define the clinical significance of OCT4 and SOX2 expression, we performed immunohistochemistry for OCT4 and SOX2 on 305 normal cervical epithelium samples, 289 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia samples, and 161 cervical cancer cases and compared the data with clinicopathologic factors, including survival rates of patients with cervical cancer. Results OCT4 and SOX2 expression was higher in cervical cancer than normal cervix (both p < 0.001). OCT4 overexpression was associated with lymphovascular space invasion (p = 0.045), whereas loss of SOX2 expression was correlated with large tumor size (p = 0.015). Notably, OCT4 and SOX2 were significantly co-expressed in premalignant cervical lesions, but not in malignant cervical tumor. OCT4 overexpression showed worse 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates (p = 0.012 and p = 0.021, respectively) when compared to the low-expression group, while SOX2 expression showed favorable overall survival (p = 0.025). Cox regression analysis showed that OCT4 was an independent risk factor (hazard ratio = 11.23, 95 % CI, 1.31 - 95.6; p = 0.027) for overall survival while SOX2 overexpression showed low hazard ratio for death (hazard ratio = 0.220, 95 % CI, 0.06–0.72; p = 0.013). Conclusions These results suggest that OCT4 overexpression and loss of SOX2 expression are strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wook Kim
- Experimental Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, 135-701, South Korea.
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 146-92 Dogok-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-720, South Korea.
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Experimental Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Experimental Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 146-92 Dogok-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-720, South Korea.
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Shao W, Chen H, He J. The role of SOX-2 on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1113-8. [PMID: 26380725 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.07.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Observational studies on the prognostic role of SOX-2 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are controversial. METHODS To clarify the impact of SOX-2 in NSCLC survival, we performed this meta-analysis that included eligible studies. The combined hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated in terms of overall survival. RESULTS A total of seven studies with 1,944 patients were evaluable for this meta-analysis. The studies were categorized by histology, disease stage and patient race. Our results suggested that SOX-2 overexpression had a favorable impact on survival of patients with NSCLC, the HR (95% CI) was 0.57 (0.48 to 0.65). However, highly significant heterogeneity was detected among these studies (I(2)=76.7%, P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS SOX-2 overexpression indicates a favorable prognosis for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Shao
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hanzhang Chen
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianxing He
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Novel miRNA-31 and miRNA-200a-Mediated Regulation of Retinoblastoma Proliferation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138366. [PMID: 26379276 PMCID: PMC4574557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in children. Current management includes broad-based treatments such as chemotherapy, enucleation, laser therapy, or cryotherapy. However, therapies that target specific pathways important for retinoblastoma progression could provide valuable alternatives for treatment. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding RNA transcripts that can regulate the expression of target genes, and their aberrant expression often facilitates disease. The identification of post-transcriptional events that occur after the initiating genetic lesions could further define the rapidly aggressive growth displayed by retinoblastoma tumors. In this study, we used two phenotypically different retinoblastoma cell lines to elucidate the roles of miRNA-31 and miRNA-200a in tumor proliferation. Our approach confirmed that miRNAs-31 and -200a expression is significantly reduced in human retinoblastomas. Moreover, overexpression of these two miRNAs restricts the expansion of a highly proliferative cell line (Y79), but does not restrict the growth rate of a less aggressive cell line (Weri1). Gene expression profiling of miRNA-31 and/or miRNA-200a-overexpressing cells identified differentially expressed mRNAs associated with the divergent response of the two cell lines. This work has the potential to enhance the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for retinoblastoma and improve the efficacy of treatment.
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Sintov E, Nathan G, Knoller S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Russ HA, Efrat S. Inhibition of ZEB1 expression induces redifferentiation of adult human β cells expanded in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13024. [PMID: 26264186 PMCID: PMC4532995 DOI: 10.1038/srep13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In-vitro expansion of functional adult human β-cells is an attractive approach for generating insulin-producing cells for transplantation. However, human islet cell expansion in culture results in loss of β-cell phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process activates expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2, two members of the zinc-finger homeobox family of E-cadherin repressors, which play key roles in EMT. Downregulation of ZEB1 using shRNA in expanded β-cell-derived (BCD) cells induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), β-cell gene expression, and proliferation attenuation. In addition, inhibition of ZEB1 expression potentiated redifferentiation induced by a combination of soluble factors, as judged by an improved response to glucose stimulation and a 3-fold increase in the fraction of C-peptide-positive cells to 60% of BCD cells. Furthermore, ZEB1 shRNA led to increased insulin secretion in cells transplanted in vivo. Our findings suggest that the effects of ZEB1 inhibition are mediated by attenuation of the miR-200c target genes SOX6 and SOX2. These findings, which were reproducible in cells derived from multiple human donors, emphasize the key role of ZEB1 in EMT in cultured BCD cells and support the value of ZEB1 inhibition for BCD cell redifferentiation and generation of functional human β-like cells for cell therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Sintov
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gili Nathan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarah Knoller
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Holger A Russ
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimon Efrat
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
While microRNAs have emerged as an important component of gene regulatory networks, it remains unclear how microRNAs collaborate with transcription factors in the gene networks that determines neuronal cell fate. Here, we show that in the developing spinal cord, the expression of miR-218 is directly upregulated by the Isl1-Lhx3 complex, which drives motor neuron fate. Inhibition of miR-218 suppresses the generation of motor neurons in both chick neural tube and mouse embryonic stem cells, suggesting that miR-218 plays a crucial role in motor neuron differentiation. Results from unbiased RISC-trap screens, in vivo reporter assays, and overexpression studies indicated that miR-218 directly represses transcripts that promote developmental programs for interneurons. Additionally, we found that miR-218 activity is required for Isl1-Lhx3 to effectively induce motor neurons and suppress interneuron fates. Together, our results reveal an essential role of miR-218 as a downstream effector of the Isl1-Lhx3 complex in establishing motor neuron identity.
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Rizzo R, Ragusa M, Barbagallo C, Sammito M, Gulisano M, Calì PV, Pappalardo C, Barchitta M, Granata M, Condorelli AG, Barbagallo D, Scalia M, Agodi A, Di Pietro C, Purrello M. Circulating miRNAs profiles in Tourette syndrome: molecular data and clinical implications. Mol Brain 2015. [PMID: 26205656 PMCID: PMC4513635 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a highly prevalent childhood neuropsychiatric disorder (about 1 %), characterized by multiple motor and one or more vocal tics. The syndrome is commonly associated to comorbid conditions (e.g., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder), which considerably aggravate clinical symptoms and complicate diagnosis and treatment. To date, TS molecular bases are unknown and its molecular diagnosis is unfeasible. RESULTS Due to their master role within cell networks and pathways both in physiology as in pathology, we sought to determine the transcriptome of circulating miRNAs in TS patients: by TaqMan Low Density Arrays, we profiled the expression in serum of 754 miRNAs in six TS patients and three unaffected controls (NCs) (discovery set). These data were validated by single TaqMan assays on serum from 52 TS patients and 15 NCs (validation set). Network and Gene-ontology analysis were performed by using Cytoscape and Babelomics server. We found that miR-429 is significantly underexpressed in TS patients with respect to NCs. Decreased serum levels of miR-429 allowed us to discriminate TS patients from NCs with 95 % of sensitivity and 42 % of specificity. Intriguingly, computational analysis of the network comprising miR-429 targets demonstrates their involvement in differentiation of midbrain and hindbrain and synaptic transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our data open the way to further molecular characterization of TS and eventual identification of the corresponding genotypes. Circulating miR-429 may be immediately useful as sensitive molecular biomarker to support TS diagnosis, actually based only on DSM-V criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rizzo
- Section of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Mariangela Sammito
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Mariangela Gulisano
- Section of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Paola V Calì
- Section of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Claudio Pappalardo
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Granata
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Angelo G Condorelli
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Marina Scalia
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit (BMGS), Section of Biology and Genetics G Sichel, Department of BioMedicine and BioTechnology, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Section of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, EU, Italy. .,, Via S Sofia 87, Building C, 2° floor, room 10, 95123, Catania, EU, Italy.
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