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Morgan HJ, Olivero C, Shorning BY, Gibbs A, Phillips AL, Ananthan L, Lim AXH, Martuscelli L, Borgogna C, De Andrea M, Hufbauer M, Goodwin R, Akgül B, Gariglio M, Patel GK. HPV8-induced STAT3 activation led keratinocyte stem cell expansion in human actinic keratoses. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177898. [PMID: 38916963 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite epidermal turnover, the skin is host to a complex array of microbes, including viruses, such as HPV, which must infect and manipulate skin keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) to survive. This crosstalk between the virome and KSC populations remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of HPV8 on KSCs using various mouse models. We observed that the HPV8 early region gene E6 specifically caused Lrig1+ hair follicle junctional zone KSC proliferation and expansion, which would facilitate viral transmission. Within Lrig1+ KSCs specifically, HPV8 E6 bound intracellular p300 to phosphorylate the STAT3 transcriptional regulatory node. This induced ΔNp63 expression, resulting in KSC expansion into the overlying epidermis. HPV8 was associated with 70% of human actinic keratoses. Together, these results define the "hit-and-run" mechanism for HPV8 in human actinic keratosis as an expansion of KSCs, which lack melanosome protection and are thus susceptible to sun light-induced malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw J Morgan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Carlotta Olivero
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Y Shorning
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gibbs
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra L Phillips
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lokapriya Ananthan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Xiao Hui Lim
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Licia Martuscelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borgogna
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
- Intrinsic Immunity Unit, Translational Research Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Martin Hufbauer
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Goodwin
- Department of Dermatology, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Girish K Patel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Mostafaee H, Idoon F, Mohasel-Roodi M, Alipour F, Lotfi N, Sadeghi A. The effects of induced type I diabetes on developmental regulation of GDNF, NRTN, and NCAM proteins in the dentate gyrus of male rat offspring. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102391. [PMID: 38219812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes during pregnancy can affect the neurological development of offspring. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NRTN), and neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) are three important proteins for brain development. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impacts of the mentioned neurotrophic factors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rat offspring born to diabetic mothers. METHODS Wistar female rats were randomly allocated into diabetic (STZ-D) [(45 mg/kg BW, STZ (Streptozotocin), i.p)], diabetic + NPH insulin (STZ-INS) [(4-6 unit/kg/day SC)], and control groups. The animals in all groups were mated by non-diabetic male rats. Two weeks after birth, male pups from each group were sacrificed and then protein contents of GDNF, NRTN, and NCAM were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The study found that the expression of GDNF and NRTN in the hippocampus of diabetic rat offspring was significantly higher compared to the diabetic+ insulin and control groups, respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). Additionally, the expression of NCAM was significantly higher in the diabetic group the diabetic+ insulin and control groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study revealed that diabetes during pregnancy significantly impacts the distribution pattern of GDNF, NRTN, and NCAM in the hippocampus of rat neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Mostafaee
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Faezeh Idoon
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mina Mohasel-Roodi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasim Lotfi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany.
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Ferrero Restelli F, Federicci F, Ledda F, Paratcha G. Sprouty4 at the crossroads of Trk neurotrophin receptor signaling suppression by glucocorticoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1090824. [PMID: 36818650 PMCID: PMC9932978 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1090824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) affect neuronal plasticity, development and function of the nervous system by inhibiting neurotrophin-induced Trk signaling. It has been established that pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX) restricts Neurotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth by inhibiting Trk-dependent activation of Ras-Erk1/2 signaling pathways. However, the precise molecular mechanism through which DEX interferes with neurotrophin signaling and Trk-mediated neurite outgrowth has not been clearly defined yet. Here, we observed that in PC12 cells DEX treatment promotes the transcription of Sprouty4, a regulatory molecule that is part of a negative feedback module that specifically abrogates Ras to Erk1/2 signaling in response to NGF. In line with this, either knockdown of Sprouty4 or overexpression of a dominant negative form of Sprouty4 (Y53A), rescue the inhibition of NGF/TrkA-promoted neurite outgrowth and Erk1/2 phosphorylation induced by DEX. Likewise, treatment of hippocampal neurons with DEX induces the expression of Sprouty4 and its knockdown abrogates the inhibitory effect of DEX on primary neurite formation, dendrite branching and Erk1/2 activation induced by BDNF. Thus, these results suggest that the induction of Sprouty4 mRNA by DEX translates into a significant inhibition of Trk to Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Together, these findings bring new insights into the crosstalk between DEX and neurotrophin signaling and demonstrate that Sprouty4 mediates the inhibitory effects of DEX on neurotrophin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Ferrero Restelli
- Division de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Federicci
- Division de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- Division de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Division de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,*Correspondence: Gustavo Paratcha, ✉
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HYPOTHESIS: Do LRIG Proteins Regulate Stem Cell Quiescence by Promoting BMP Signaling? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:59-66. [PMID: 35969315 PMCID: PMC9823064 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. Mammalian LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in various tissue compartments, including compartments in the epidermis, oral mucosa, intestines, neural system, and incisors. The planarian LRIG1 homolog regulates the quiescence of multipotent neoblasts. The mechanism through which LRIG proteins regulate stem cell quiescence has not been well documented, although it is generally assumed that LRIG1 regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or other receptor tyrosine kinases. However, Lrig-null (Lrig1-/-;Lrig2-/-; and Lrig3-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been recently found to exhibit apparently normal receptor tyrosine kinase functions. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to depend on LRIG1 and LRIG3 expression. BMPs are well-known regulators of stem cell quiescence. Here, we hypothesize that LRIG1 might regulate stem cell quiescence by promoting BMP signaling. HYPOTHESIS: Based on recent findings, it is hypothesized that LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in mammalian tissues as well as in planarian neoblasts by promoting BMP signaling.
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RET rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer: Evolving treatment landscape and future challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Umeh-Garcia M, O'Geen H, Simion C, Gephart MH, Segal DJ, Sweeney CA. Aberrant promoter methylation contributes to LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:436-448. [PMID: 35440669 PMCID: PMC9346006 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LRIG1, the founding member of the LRIG (leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain) family of transmembrane proteins, is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases and a tumour suppressor. Decreased LRIG1 expression is consistently observed in cancer, across diverse tumour types, and is linked to poor patient prognosis. However, mechanisms by which LRIG1 is repressed are not fully understood. Silencing of LRIG1 through promoter CpG island methylation has been reported in colorectal and cervical cancer but studies in breast cancer remain limited. METHODS In silico analysis of human breast cancer patient data were used to demonstrate a correlation between DNA methylation and LRIG1 silencing in basal/triple-negative breast cancer, and its impact on patient survival. LRIG1 gene expression, protein abundance, and methylation enrichment were examined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, immunoblotting, and methylation immunoprecipitation, respectively, in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. We examined the impact of global demethylation on LRIG1 expression and methylation enrichment using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We also examined the effects of targeted demethylation of the LRIG1 CpG island, and transcriptional activation of LRIG1 expression, using the RNA guided deadCas9 transactivation system. RESULTS Across breast cancer subtypes, LRIG1 expression is lowest in the basal/triple-negative subtype so we investigated whether differential methylation may contribute to this. Indeed, we find that LRIG1 CpG island methylation is most prominent in basal/triple-negative cell lines and patient samples. Use of the global demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine decreases methylation leading to increased LRIG1 transcript expression in basal/triple-negative cell lines, while having no effect on LRIG1 expression in luminal/ER-positive cell lines. Using a CRISPR/deadCas9 (dCas9)-based targeting approach, we demonstrate that TET1-mediated demethylation (Tet1-dCas9) along with VP64-mediated transcriptional activation (VP64-dCas9) at the CpG island, increased endogenous LRIG1 expression in basal/triple-negative breast cancer cells, without transcriptional upregulation at predicted off-target sites. Activation of LRIG1 by the dCas9 transactivation system significantly increased LRIG1 protein abundance, reduced site-specific methylation, and reduced cancer cell viability. Our findings suggest that CRISPR-mediated targeted activation may be a feasible way to restore LRIG1 expression in cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes novel insight into mechanisms which repress LRIG1 in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrates for the first time that targeted de-repression of LRIG1 in cancer cells is possible. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms associated with repression of tumour suppressor genes holds potential for the advancement of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Umeh-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Catalina Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Segal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colleen A Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Mesa-Infante V, Afonso-Oramas D, Salas-Hernández J, Rodríguez-Núñez J, Barroso-Chinea P. Long-term exposure to GDNF induces dephosphorylation of Ret, AKT, and ERK1/2, and is ineffective at protecting midbrain dopaminergic neurons in cellular models of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 118:103684. [PMID: 34826608 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes differentiation, proliferation, and survival in different cell types, including dopaminergic neurons. Thus, GDNF has been proposed as a promising neuroprotective therapy in Parkinson's disease. Although findings from cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease were encouraging, results emerging from clinical trials were not as good as expected, probably due to the inappropriate administration protocols. Despite the growing information on GDNF action mechanisms, many aspects of its pharmacological effects are still unclear and data from different studies are still contradictory. Considering that GDNF action mechanisms are mediated by its receptor tyrosine kinase Ret, which activates PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, we aimed to investigate Ret activation and its effect over both signaling pathways in midbrain cell cultures treated with GDNF at different doses (0.3, 1, and 10 ng/ml) and times (15 min, 24 h, 24 h (7 days), and 7 continuous days). The results showed that short-term or acute (15 min, 24 h, and 24 h (7 days)) GDNF treatment in rat midbrain neurons increases Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and the phosphorylation levels of Ret (Tyr 1062), AKT (Ser 473), ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), S6 (Ser 235/236), and GSK3-β (Ser 9). However, the phosphorylation level of these kinases, TH expression, and dopamine uptake, decreased below basal levels after long-term or prolonged treatment with 1 and 10 ng/ml GDNF (7 continuous days). Our data suggest that long-term GDNF treatment inactivates the receptor by an unknown mechanism, affecting its neuroprotective capacity against degeneration caused by 6-OHDA or rotenone, while short-term exposure to GDNF promoted dopaminergic cell survival. These findings highlight the need to find new and more effective long-acting therapeutic approaches for disorders in which GDNF plays a beneficial role, including Parkinson's disease. In this regard, it is necessary to propose new GDNF treatment guidelines to regulate and control its long-term expression levels and optimize the clinical use of this trophic factor in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mesa-Infante
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - D Afonso-Oramas
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - J Salas-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Núñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Barroso-Chinea
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Hsu HL, Chen HK, Tsai CH, Liao PL, Chan YJ, Lee YC, Lee CC, Li CH. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Defect Attenuates Mitogen-Activated Signaling through Leucine-Rich Repeats and Immunoglobulin-like Domains 1 (LRIG1)-Dependent EGFR Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9988. [PMID: 34576152 PMCID: PMC8464816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) genomic pathway has been well-characterized in a number of respiratory diseases. In addition, the cytoplasmic AHR protein may act as an adaptor of E3 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, the physiological functions of AHR that regulate cell proliferation were explored using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The doubling-time of the AHR-KO clones of A549 and BEAS-2B was observed to be prolonged. The attenuation of proliferation potential was strongly associated with either the induction of p27Kip1 or the impairment in mitogenic signal transduction driven by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR). We found that the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1), a repressor of EGFR, was induced in the absence of AHR in vitro and in vivo. The LRIG1 tends to degrade via a proteasome dependent manner by interacting with AHR in wild-type cells. Either LRIG1 or a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) were accumulated in AHR-defective cells, consequently accelerating the degradation of EGFR, and attenuating the response to mitogenic stimulation. We also affirmed low AHR but high LRIG1 levels in lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This might partially elucidate the sluggish tissue repairment and developing inflammation in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Kai Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA;
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ju Chan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medicine University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
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De Vincenti AP, Alsina FC, Ferrero Restelli F, Hedman H, Ledda F, Paratcha G. Lrig1 and Lrig3 cooperate to control Ret receptor signaling, sensory axonal growth and epidermal innervation. Development 2021; 148:271159. [PMID: 34338291 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Negative feedback loops represent a regulatory mechanism that guarantees that signaling thresholds are compatible with a physiological response. Previously, we established that Lrig1 acts through this mechanism to inhibit Ret activity. However, it is unclear whether other Lrig family members play similar roles. Here, we show that Lrig1 and Lrig3 are co-expressed in Ret-positive mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Lrig3, like Lrig1, interacts with Ret and inhibits GDNF/Ret signaling. Treatment of DRG neurons with GDNF ligands induces a significant increase in the expression of Lrig1 and Lrig3. Our findings show that, whereas a single deletion of either Lrig1 or Lrig3 fails to promote Ret-mediated axonal growth, haploinsufficiency of Lrig1 in Lrig3 mutants significantly potentiates Ret signaling and axonal growth of DRG neurons in response to GDNF ligands. We observe that Lrig1 and Lrig3 act redundantly to ensure proper cutaneous innervation of nonpeptidergic axons and behavioral sensitivity to cold, which correlates with a significant increase in the expression of the cold-responsive channel TrpA1. Together, our findings provide insights into the in vivo functions through which Lrig genes control morphology, connectivity and function in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula De Vincenti
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ferrero Restelli
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina.,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1405, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
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10
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Hita FJ, Bekinschtein P, Ledda F, Paratcha G. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 deficiency affects hippocampal dendrite complexity and impairs cognitive function. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:774-785. [PMID: 34114331 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane proteins have been directly linked to neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders. We have previously shown that the LRR transmembrane protein, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1), is a physiological regulator of dendrite complexity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and social behavior. In this study, we performed a battery of behavioral tests to evaluate spatial memory and cognitive capabilities in Lrig1 mutant mice. The cognitive assessment demonstrated deficits in recognition and spatial memory, evaluated by novel object recognition and object location tests. Moreover, we found that Lrig1-deficient mice present specific impairments in the processing of similar but not dissimilar locations in a spatial pattern separation task, which was correlated with an enhanced dendritic growth and branching of Doublecortin-positive immature granule cells of the dentate gyrus. Altogether, these findings indicate that Lrig1 plays an essential role in controlling morphological and functional plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Hita
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. E. De Robertis"(IBCN)- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Instituto de Neurociencias Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. E. De Robertis"(IBCN)- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Prof. E. De Robertis"(IBCN)- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, I° U.A. Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Ji Y, Kumar R, Gokhale A, Chao HP, Rycaj K, Chen X, Li Q, Tang DG. LRIG1, a regulator of stem cell quiescence and a pleiotropic feedback tumor suppressor. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:120-133. [PMID: 33476721 PMCID: PMC8286266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LRIG1, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1, was discovered more than 20 years ago and has been shown to be downregulated or lost, and to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Another well-reported biological function of LRIG1 is to regulate and help enforce the quiescence of adult stem cells (SCs). In both contexts, LRIG1 regulates SC quiescence and represses tumor growth via, primarily, antagonizing the expression and activities of ERBB and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We have recently reported that in treatment-naïve human prostate cancer (PCa), LRIG1 is primarily regulated by androgen receptor (AR) and is prominently overexpressed. In castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), both LRIG1 and AR expression becomes heterogeneous and, frequently, discordant. Importantly, in both androgen-dependent PCa and CRPC models, LRIG1 exhibits tumor-suppressive functions. Moreover, LRIG1 induction inhibits the growth of pre-established AR+ and AR− PCa. Here, upon a brief introduction of the LRIG1 and the LRIG family, we provide an updated overview on LRIG1 functions in regulating SC quiescence and repressing tumor development. We further highlight the expression, regulation and functions of LRIG1 in treatment-naïve PCa and CRPC. We conclude by offering the perspectives of identifying novel cancer-specific LRIG1-interacting signaling partners and developing LRIG1-based anti-cancer therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hseu-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
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12
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Ferrero Restelli F, Fontanet PA, De Vincenti AP, Falzone TL, Ledda F, Paratcha G. Tetraspanin1 promotes NGF signaling by controlling TrkA receptor proteostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2217-2233. [PMID: 31440771 PMCID: PMC11104797 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that control the biosynthetic trafficking, surface delivery, and degradation of TrkA receptor are essential for proper nerve growth factor (NGF) function, and remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Tetraspanin1 (Tspan1) as a critical regulator of TrkA signaling and neuronal differentiation induced by NGF. Tspan1 is expressed by developing TrkA-positive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and its downregulation in sensory neurons inhibits NGF-mediated axonal growth. In addition, our data demonstrate that Tspan1 forms a molecular complex with the immature form of TrkA localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Finally, knockdown of Tspan1 reduces the surface levels of TrkA by promoting its preferential sorting towards the autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathway. Together, these data establish a novel homeostatic role of Tspan1, coordinating the biosynthetic trafficking and degradation of TrkA, regardless the presence of NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Ferrero Restelli
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Aldana Fontanet
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula De Vincenti
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Luis Falzone
- Laboratorio de Transporte Axonal y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), CP1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Smith PS, Whitworth J, West H, Cook J, Gardiner C, Lim DHK, Morrison PJ, Hislop RG, Murray E, Tischkowitz M, Warren AY, Woodward ER, Maher ER. Characterization of renal cell carcinoma-associated constitutional chromosome abnormalities by genome sequencing. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:333-347. [PMID: 31943436 PMCID: PMC7187337 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional translocations, typically involving chromosome 3, have been recognized as a rare cause of inherited predisposition to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for four decades. However, knowledge of the molecular basis of this association is limited. We have characterized the breakpoints by genome sequencing (GS) of constitutional chromosome abnormalities in five individuals who presented with RCC. In one individual with constitutional t(10;17)(q11.21;p11.2), the translocation breakpoint disrupted two genes: the known renal tumor suppressor gene (TSG) FLCN (and clinical features of Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome were detected) and RASGEF1A. In four cases, the rearrangement breakpoints did not disrupt known inherited RCC genes. In the second case without chromosome 3 involvement, the translocation breakpoint in an individual with a constitutional t(2;17)(q21.1;q11.2) mapped 12 Kb upstream of NLK. Interestingly, NLK has been reported to interact indirectly with FBXW7 and a previously reported RCC‐associated translocation breakpoint disrupted FBXW7. In two cases of constitutional chromosome 3 translocations, no candidate TSGs were identified in the vicinity of the breakpoints. However, in an individual with a constitutional chromosome 3 inversion, the 3p breakpoint disrupted the FHIT TSG (which has been reported previously to be disrupted in two apparently unrelated families with an RCC‐associated t(3;8)(p14.2;q24.1). These findings (a) expand the range of constitutional chromosome rearrangements that may be associated with predisposition to RCC, (b) confirm that chromosome rearrangements not involving chromosome 3 can predispose to RCC, (c) suggest that a variety of molecular mechanisms are involved the pathogenesis of translocation‐associated RCC, and (d) demonstrate the utility of GS for investigating such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Smith
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Whitworth
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah West
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Cook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Carol Gardiner
- West of Scotland Genetics Services, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Derek H K Lim
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - R Gordon Hislop
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Emily Murray
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma R Woodward
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine and NW Laboratory Genetics Hub, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Heparanase 2 and Urofacial Syndrome, a Genetic Neuropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:807-819. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Li Q, Liu B, Chao HP, Ji Y, Lu Y, Mehmood R, Jeter C, Chen T, Moore JR, Li W, Liu C, Rycaj K, Tracz A, Kirk J, Calhoun-Davis T, Xiong J, Deng Q, Huang J, Foster BA, Gokhale A, Chen X, Tang DG. LRIG1 is a pleiotropic androgen receptor-regulated feedback tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5494. [PMID: 31792211 PMCID: PMC6889295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LRIG1 has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal tract and epidermis. However, little is known about the expression, regulation and biological functions of LRIG1 in prostate cancer (PCa). We find that LRIG1 is overexpressed in PCa, but its expression correlates with better patient survival. Functional studies reveal strong tumor-suppressive functions of LRIG1 in both AR+ and AR- xenograft models, and transgenic expression of LRIG1 inhibits tumor development in Hi-Myc and TRAMP models. LRIG1 also inhibits castration-resistant PCa and exhibits therapeutic efficacy in pre-established tumors. We further show that 1) AR directly transactivates LRIG1 through binding to several AR-binding sites in LRIG1 locus, and 2) LRIG1 dampens ERBB expression in a cell type-dependent manner and inhibits ERBB2-driven tumor growth. Collectively, our study indicates that LRIG1 represents a pleiotropic AR-regulated feedback tumor suppressor that functions to restrict oncogenic signaling from AR, Myc, ERBBs, and, likely, other oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Hsueh-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Rashid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Collene Jeter
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Taiping Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - John R Moore
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jason Kirk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Tammy Calhoun-Davis
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Qu Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University of School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
- Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang H, Bagherie-Lachidan M, Badouel C, Enderle L, Peidis P, Bremner R, Kuure S, Jain S, McNeill H. FAT4 Fine-Tunes Kidney Development by Regulating RET Signaling. Dev Cell 2019; 48:780-792.e4. [PMID: 30853441 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
FAT4 mutations lead to several human diseases that disrupt the normal development of the kidney. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In studying the duplex kidney phenotypes observed upon deletion of Fat4 in mice, we have uncovered an interaction between the atypical cadherin FAT4 and RET, a tyrosine kinase receptor essential for kidney development. Analysis of kidney development in Fat4-/- kidneys revealed abnormal ureteric budding and excessive RET signaling. Removal of one copy of the RET ligand Gdnf rescues Fat4-/- kidney development, supporting the proposal that loss of Fat4 hyperactivates RET signaling. Conditional knockout analyses revealed a non-autonomous role for Fat4 in regulating RET signaling. Mechanistically, we found that FAT4 interacts with RET through extracellular cadherin repeats. Importantly, expression of FAT4 perturbs the assembly of the RET-GFRA1-GDNF complex, reducing RET signaling. Thus, FAT4 interacts with RET to fine-tune RET signaling, establishing a juxtacrine mechanism controlling kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mazdak Bagherie-Lachidan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Caroline Badouel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Leonie Enderle
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Philippos Peidis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Satu Kuure
- GM-unit at Laboratory Animal Centre, HiLIFE and Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Helen McNeill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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17
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Karlsson T, Kvarnbrink S, Holmlund C, Botling J, Micke P, Henriksson R, Johansson M, Hedman H. LMO7 and LIMCH1 interact with LRIG proteins in lung cancer, with prognostic implications for early-stage disease. Lung Cancer 2018; 125:174-184. [PMID: 30429017 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) protein family comprises the integral membrane proteins LRIG1, LRIG2 and LRIG3. LRIG1 is frequently down-regulated in human cancer, and high levels of LRIG1 in tumor tissue are associated with favorable clinical outcomes in several tumor types including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mechanistically, LRIG1 negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinases and functions as a tumor suppressor. However, the details of the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood, and even less is known about the functions of LRIG2 and LRIG3. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the functions and molecular interactions of the LRIG proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS A yeast two-hybrid screen was performed using a cytosolic LRIG3 peptide as bait. In transfected human cells, co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments were performed. Proximity ligation assay was performed to investigate interactions between endogenously expressed proteins. Expression levels of LMO7 and LIMCH1 in normal and malignant lung tissue were investigated using qRT-PCR and through in silico analyses of public data sets. Finally, a clinical cohort comprising 355 surgically treated NSCLC cases was immunostained for LMO7. RESULTS In the yeast two-hybrid screen, the two paralogous proteins LMO7 and LIMCH1 were identified as interaction partners to LRIG3. LMO7 and LIMCH1 co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with both LRIG1 and LRIG3. Endogenously expressed LMO7 was in close proximity of both LRIG1 and LRIG3. LMO7 and LIMCH1 were highly expressed in normal lung tissue and down-regulated in malignant lung tissue. LMO7 immunoreactivity was shown to be a negative prognostic factor in LRIG1 positive tumors, predicting poor patient survival. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LMO7 and LIMCH1 physically interact with LRIG proteins and that expression of LMO7 is of clinical importance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Karlsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Samuel Kvarnbrink
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Camilla Holmlund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Zhang Q, Shi W, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Zhai C, Wang J, Yan X, Chai L, Li M. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) in malignant tumors: A meta-analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:2895-2909. [PMID: 30123358 PMCID: PMC6096372 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating studies have demonstrated that the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein1 (LRIG1) is associated with various types of tumors. However, the conclusions of previous studies are not completely consistent. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to further explore the authentic value of LRIG1 in cancer outcome and clinical significance. Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database. The hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for effect measures. Results: 16 qualified studies involving 2043 patients with cancer were enrolled. High LRIG1 expression was associated with a good prognosis in malignant tumors (HR: 0.49, 95% CI=0.39-0.59). Furthermore, positive expression rate of LRIG1 was distinctly lower in cancer tissues than that in normal tissues (OR: 0.09, 95% CI=0.05-0.17). Positive LRIG1 expression was definitely related with smaller tumor size (OR: 1.64, 95% CI=1.11-2.42), early tumor stage (OR: 3.67, 95% CI=1.87-7.21), well degree of differentiation (OR: 4.35, 95% CI=2.12-8.93) and negative recurrence (OR: 0.29, 95% CI=0.16-0.53). Conclusions: LRIG1 expression was associated with a good prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and might act as a predictive factor for characteristics of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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19
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Xiao Q, Dong M, Cheng F, Mao F, Zong W, Wu K, Wang H, Xie R, Wang B, Lei T, Guo D. LRIG2 promotes the proliferation and cell cycle progression of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo through enhancing PDGFRβ signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1069-1082. [PMID: 30015847 PMCID: PMC6065455 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) gene family, comprising LRIG1, 2 and 3, encodes integral membrane proteins. It has been well established that LRIG1 negatively regulates multiple growth factor signaling pathways and is considered to be a tumor suppressor; however, the biological functions of LRIG2 remain largely unexplored. It was previously demonstrated that LRIG2 positively regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, the most common aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which promotes GBM growth. In the present study, the effect of LRIG2 on the proliferation of GBM cells was further addressed, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of LRIG2 on platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling, another common oncogenic RTK signaling pathway in GBM. First, the expression levels of endogenous LRIG2 and PDGFRβ were found to vary notably in human GBM, and the LRIG2 expression level was positively correlated with the expression level of PDGFRβ. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that LRIG2 promoted the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo through regulating the PDGFRβ signaling-mediated cell cycle progression. Mechanistically, LRIG2 has the ability to physically interact with PDGFRβ, promoting the total expression and the activation of PDGFRβ, and enhancing its downstream signaling pathways of Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and the effectors of key regulators of cell cycle progression, resulting in increased GBM cell proliferation. Collectively, these data indicated that LRIG2 may serve as a tumor promoter gene in gliomagenesis by positively regulating PDGFRβ signaling, another important oncogenic RTK signaling pathway, in addition to the previously reported EGFR signaling in GBM modulated by LRIG2, and validated LRIG2 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM characterized by multiple aberrant RTK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Minhai Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fangling Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ruifan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Kaljunen H, Pavić A, Saarenpää T, Himanen JP, Nikolov DB, Goldman A. Binding of EphrinA5 to RET receptor tyrosine kinase: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198291. [PMID: 29889908 PMCID: PMC5995387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph/Ephrin signaling pathways are crucial in regulating a large variety of physiological processes during development, such as cell morphology, proliferation, migration and axonal guidance. EphrinA (efn-A) ligands, in particular, can be activated by EphA receptors at cell-cell interfaces and have been proposed to cause reverse signaling via RET receptor tyrosine kinase. Such association has been reported to mediate spinal motor axon navigation, but conservation of the interactive signaling pathway and the molecular mechanism of the interaction are unclear. Here, we found Danio rerio efn-A5b bound to Mus musculus EphA4 with high affinity, revealing structurally and functionally conserved EphA/efn-A signaling. Interestingly, we observed no interaction between efn-A5b and RET from zebrafish, unlike earlier cell-based assays. Their lack of association indicates how complex efn-A signaling is and suggests that there may be other molecules involved in efn-A5-induced RET signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kaljunen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Pavić
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuulia Saarenpää
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha P. Himanen
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Dimitar B. Nikolov
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kölling M, Seeger H, Haddad G, Kistler A, Nowak A, Faulhaber-Walter R, Kielstein J, Haller H, Fliser D, Mueller T, Wüthrich RP, Lorenzen JM. The Circular RNA ciRs-126 Predicts Survival in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:1144-1152. [PMID: 30197981 PMCID: PMC6127441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been described as novel noncoding regulators of gene expression. They might have an impact on microRNA expression by their sponging activity. The detectability in blood of these RNA transcripts has been demonstrated in patients with cancer and cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that circulating circRNAs in blood of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) at inception of renal replacement therapy may also be dysregulated and associated with patient survival. Methods We performed a global circRNA expression analysis using RNA isolated from blood of patients with AKI as well as controls. This global screen revealed several dysregulated circRNAs in patients with AKI. Most highly increased circRNA-array−based transcripts as well as expression of the circRNA target miR-126-5p were confirmed in blood of 109 patients with AKI, 30 age-matched healthy controls, 25 critically ill non-AKI patients, and 20 patients on maintenance hemodialysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Circulating concentrations of 3 novel circRNAs were amplified in blood of patients with AKI and in controls. Circular RNA sponge of miR-126 (or ciRs-126) was most highly altered compared to healthy controls and disease controls (fold change of 52.1). ciRs-126 was shown to bioinformatically sponge miR-126-5p, which was found to be highly suppressed in AKI patients and hypoxic endothelial cells. Cox regression and Kaplan−Meier curve analysis revealed ciRs-126 as an independent predictor of 28-day survival (P < 0.01). Conclusion Circulating concentrations of circRNAs in patients with AKI are detectable. ciRs-126 may potentially sponge miR-126-5p and acts as a predictor of mortality in this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kölling
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seeger
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Haddad
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Faulhaber-Walter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Kielstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf P Wüthrich
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johan M Lorenzen
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Lindquist D, Alsina FC, Herdenberg C, Larsson C, Höppener J, Wang N, Paratcha G, Tarján M, Tot T, Henriksson R, Hedman H. LRIG1 negatively regulates RET mutants and is downregulated in thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1189-1197. [PMID: 29436694 PMCID: PMC5843404 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are characterized by genomic rearrangements and point mutations in the proto-oncogene RET. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a suppressor of various receptor tyrosine kinases, including RET. LRIG1 expression levels are associated with patient survival in many cancer types. In the present study, we investigated whether the oncogenic RET mutants RET2A (C634R) and RET2B (M918T) were regulated by LRIG1, and the possible effects of LRIG1 expression in thyroid cancer were investigated in three different clinical cohorts and in a RET2B-driven mouse model of MTC. LRIG1 was shown to physically interact with both RET2A and RET2B and to restrict their ligand-independent activation. LRIG1 mRNA levels were downregulated in PTC and MTC compared to normal thyroid gland tissue. There was no apparent association between LRIG1 RNA or protein expression levels and patient survival in the studied cohorts. The transgenic RET2B mice developed pre-cancerous medullary thyroid lesions at a high frequency (36%); however, no overt cancers were observed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pre-cancerous lesions between Lrig1 wild-type and Lrig1-deficient RET2B mice. In conclusion, the findings that LRIG1 is a negative regulator of RET2A and RET2B and is also downregulated in PTC and MTC may suggest that LRIG1 functions as a thyroid tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindquist
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jo Höppener
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Division of Biomedical Genetics and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Miklós Tarján
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Tibor Tot
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, 791 82 Falun, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Mao F, Holmlund C, Faraz M, Wang W, Bergenheim T, Kvarnbrink S, Johansson M, Henriksson R, Hedman H. Lrig1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene in malignant glioma. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29391393 PMCID: PMC5833707 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a genome-wide association study showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) —rs11706832—in intron 2 of the human LRIG1 (Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1) gene is associated with susceptibility to glioma. However, the mechanism by which rs11706832 affects glioma risk remains unknown; additionally, it is unknown whether the expression levels of LRIG1 are a relevant determinant of gliomagenesis. Here, we investigated the role of Lrig1 in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced experimental glioma in mice by introducing mono-allelic and bi-allelic deletions of Lrig1 followed by inducing gliomagenesis via intracranial retroviral transduction of PDGFB in neural progenitor cells. Lrig1 was expressed in PDGFB-induced gliomas in wild-type mice as assessed using in situ hybridization. Intriguingly, Lrig1-heterozygous mice developed higher grade gliomas than did wild-type mice (grade IV vs. grade II/III, p = 0.002). Reciprocally, the ectopic expression of LRIG1 in the TB107 high-grade human glioma (glioblastoma, grade IV) cell line decreased the invasion of orthotopic tumors in immunocompromised mice in vivo and reduced cell migration in vitro. Concomitantly, the activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET was downregulated, which partially explained the reduction in cell migration. In summary, Lrig1 is a haploinsufficient suppressor of PDGFB-driven glioma, possibly in part via negative regulation of MET-driven cell migration and invasion. Thus, for the first time, changes in physiological Lrig1 expression have been linked to gliomagenesis, whereby the SNP rs11706832 may affect glioma risk by regulating LRIG1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Mao
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Camilla Holmlund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mahmood Faraz
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Department of Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tommy Bergenheim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Samuel Kvarnbrink
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Regionalt Cancercentrum Stockholm Gotland, Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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24
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Faraz M, Herdenberg C, Holmlund C, Henriksson R, Hedman H. A protein interaction network centered on leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) regulates growth factor receptors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3421-3435. [PMID: 29317492 PMCID: PMC5836135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator of several receptor tyrosine kinases. The molecular mechanisms by which LRIG1 mediates its tumor suppressor effects and regulates receptor tyrosine kinases remain incompletely understood. Here, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify novel LRIG1-interacting proteins and mined data from the BioPlex (biophysical interactions of ORFeome-based complexes) protein interaction data repository. The putative LRIG1 interactors identified in the screen were functionally evaluated using a triple co-transfection system in which HEK293 cells were co-transfected with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, LRIG1, and shRNAs against the identified LRIG1 interactors. The effects of the shRNAs on the ability of LRIG1 to down-regulate platelet-derived growth factor receptor α expression were evaluated. On the basis of these results, we present an LRIG1 protein interaction network with many newly identified components. The network contains the apparently functionally important LRIG1-interacting proteins RAB4A, PON2, GAL3ST1, ZBTB16, LRIG2, CNPY3, HLA-DRA, GML, CNPY4, LRRC40, and LRIG3, together with GLRX3, PTPRK, and other proteins. In silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets revealed consistent correlations between the expression of the transcripts encoding LRIG1 and its interactors ZBTB16 and PTPRK and inverse correlations between the transcripts encoding LRIG1 and GLRX3. We further studied the LRIG1 function–promoting paraoxonase PON2 and found that it co-localized with LRIG1 in LRIG1-transfected cells. The proposed LRIG1 protein interaction network will provide leads for future studies aiming to understand the molecular functions of LRIG1 and the regulation of growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Faraz
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Camilla Holmlund
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- From the Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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25
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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26
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Mao F, Wang B, Xiao Q, Cheng F, Lei T, Guo D. LRIG proteins in glioma: Functional roles, molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical implications. J Neurol Sci 2017; 383:56-60. [PMID: 29246624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors of the nervous system. These tumors are characterized by unlimited cell proliferation and excessive invasiveness. Despite the advances in diagnostic imaging, microneurosurgical techniques, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, significant increases in the progression free survival of glioma patients have not been achieved. Improvements in our understanding of the molecular subtypes of gliomas and the underlying alterations in specific signaling pathways may impact both the diagnosis and the treatment strategies for patients with gliomas. Growth factors and their corresponding receptor tyrosine kinases are associated with oncogenesis and development of tumors in numerous human cancer types, including glioma. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) are integral membrane proteins which contain three vertebrate members including LRIG1, LRIG2 and LRIG3. They mainly function as regulators of growth factor signaling. Specifically, LRIG1 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in human cancers. In contrast, LRIG2 appears to function as a tumor promoter, while LRIG3 appears to have a function similar to that of LRIG1. In the present review, we summarize the functional roles, molecular mechanisms, and clinical perspectives of LRIG proteins in gliomas and propose that these proteins may be useful in the future as targets for treatment and prognostication in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangling Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery and Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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27
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yu S. Role and mechanism of action of LRIG1 in ovarian cancer cell line and VP16 drug-resistant cell line. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4619-4624. [PMID: 28943962 PMCID: PMC5592861 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG)-1 in ovarian cancer cell line and VP16 drug-resistant cell line to explore the possible mechanism of action. Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and the VP16 drug-resistant cell line SKOV3/VP16 were used to investigate whether LRIG1 affects the sensitivity of SKOV3 to drugs. RT-qPCR was used to detect the difference in LRIG1 expression between drug-resistant and wild-type cell lines. siRNA LRIG1 was designed and transfected to silence LRIG1 to investigate the mechanism by which LRIG1 affects the sensitivity of SKOV3 to drugs. Wild-type cells were transfected with SKOV3. The cells were divided into 3 groups (VP16, NC + VP16 and siRNA LRIG1 + VP16 treatment group). VP16 (IC50 value) was added 24 h after transfection. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of each group at multiple time points (0, 24, 48 and 72 h). A colony-forming assay was used to detect cell proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression of LRIG1 was lower in the drug resistant cell line than that of the wild-type cell line. The expression of LRIG1 significantly decreased with the increase of VP16 concentration (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was decreased but there was an increase on cell clones in the siLRIG1 + VP16-treated group as compared to VP16- and NC+ VP16-treated groups (P<0.05). The LRIG1 gene affects the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to drug in a dose-related manner, indicating that the reduced expression of LRIG1 can inhibit cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Shunrui Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
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28
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Gleason RJ, Vora M, Li Y, Kane NS, Liao K, Padgett RW. C. elegans SMA-10 regulates BMP receptor trafficking. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180681. [PMID: 28704415 PMCID: PMC5509155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction of the conserved transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family signaling pathway functions through two distinct serine/threonine transmembrane receptors, the type I and type II receptors. Endocytosis orchestrates the assembly of signaling complexes by coordinating the entry of receptors with their downstream signaling mediators. Recently, we showed that the C. elegans type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor SMA-6, part of the TGFβ family, is recycled through the retromer complex while the type II receptor, DAF-4 is recycled in a retromer-independent, ARF-6 dependent manner. From genetic screens in C. elegans aimed at identifying new modifiers of BMP signaling, we reported on SMA-10, a conserved LRIG (leucine-rich and immunoglobulin-like domains) transmembrane protein. It is a positive regulator of BMP signaling that binds to the SMA-6 receptor. Here we show that the loss of sma-10 leads to aberrant endocytic trafficking of SMA-6, resulting in its accumulation in distinct intracellular endosomes including the early endosome, multivesicular bodies (MVB), and the late endosome with a reduction in signaling strength. Our studies show that trafficking defects caused by the loss of sma-10 are not universal, but affect only a limited set of receptors. Likewise, in Drosophila, we find that the fly homolog of sma-10, lambik (lbk), reduces signaling strength of the BMP pathway, consistent with its function in C. elegans and suggesting evolutionary conservation of function. Loss of sma-10 results in reduced ubiquitination of the type I receptor SMA-6, suggesting a possible mechanism for its regulation of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Gleason
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mehul Vora
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ying Li
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nanci S. Kane
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kelvin Liao
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Padgett
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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Neirinckx V, Hedman H, Niclou SP. Harnessing LRIG1-mediated inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:109-116. [PMID: 28259645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains containing protein 1 (LRIG1) is an endogenous feedback regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and was recently shown to inhibit growth of different types of malignancies. Additionally, this multifaceted RTK inhibitor was reported to be a tumor suppressor, a stem cell regulator, and a modulator of different cellular phenotypes. This mini-review provides a concise and up-to-date summary about the known functions of LRIG1 and its related family members, with a special emphasis on underlying molecular mechanisms and the opportunities for harnessing its therapeutic potential against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Neirinckx
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg
| | - Hakan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg; K.G. Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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30
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Jiang X, Li H. Overexpression of LRIG1 regulates PTEN via MAPK/MEK signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2045-2052. [PMID: 27698691 PMCID: PMC5038857 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain protein 1 (LRIG1) in the regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in esophageal carcinogenesis. LRIG1 was overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, and the effect of LRIG1 overexpression on the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of LRIG1 overexpression on the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of ESCC cells were examined by flow cytometry. Various cell signaling pathway inhibitors were used to assess the effects of LRIG1 on downstream signaling in ESCC cell lines. In addition, the association between LRIG1 and PTEN expression was examined in 48 samples from patients with ESCC. LRIG1 overexpression was demonstrated to downregulate PTEN expression in ESCC cell lines, and promote their proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. In addition, LRIG1-mediated suppression of PTEN expression was inhibited by the U0126 inhibitor, which suggests that LRIG1 may inhibit the activation of PTEN signaling molecules by triggering the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK kinase 1 (MEK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that overexpression of LRIG1 significantly and adversely affected the survival of ESCC cells, and that the MAPK/MEK signaling pathway may be responsible for the repression of PTEN expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Huiwu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China; Tumor Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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31
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Ledda F, Paratcha G. Assembly of Neuronal Connectivity by Neurotrophic Factors and Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:199. [PMID: 27555809 PMCID: PMC4977320 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper function of the nervous system critically relies on sophisticated neuronal networks interconnected in a highly specific pattern. The architecture of these connections arises from sequential developmental steps such as axonal growth and guidance, dendrite development, target determination, synapse formation and plasticity. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane proteins have been involved in cell-type specific signaling pathways that underlie these developmental processes. The members of this superfamily of proteins execute their functions acting as trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules involved in target specificity and synapse formation or working in cis as cell-intrinsic modulators of neurotrophic factor receptor trafficking and signaling. In this review, we will focus on novel physiological mechanisms through which LRR proteins regulate neurotrophic factor receptor signaling, highlighting the importance of these modulatory events for proper axonal extension and guidance, tissue innervation and dendrite morphogenesis. Additionally, we discuss few examples linking this set of LRR proteins to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ledda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine-University of Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine-University of Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yang H, Yao J, Yin J, Wei X. Decreased LRIG1 in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell SKOV3 Upregulates MRP-1 and Contributes to the Chemoresistance of VP16. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:125-32. [PMID: 27183435 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiangpin Yin
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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33
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Hellström M, Ericsson M, Johansson B, Faraz M, Anderson F, Henriksson R, Nilsson SK, Hedman H. Cardiac hypertrophy and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Lrig3-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1045-52. [PMID: 27009049 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00309.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors confer risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, large genome-wide population studies have shown associations between genomic loci close to LRIG3 and heart failure and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Here, we ablated Lrig3 in mice and investigated the importance of Lrig3 for heart function and plasma lipid levels. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze Lrig3 expression in the hearts of wild-type and Lrig3-deficient mice. In addition, molecular, physiological, and functional parameters such as organ weights, heart rate, blood pressure, heart structure and function, gene expression in the heart, and plasma insulin, glucose, and lipid levels were evaluated. The Lrig3-deficient mice were smaller than the wild-type mice but otherwise appeared grossly normal. Lrig3 was expressed at detectable but relatively low levels in adult mouse hearts. At 9 mo of age, ad libitum-fed Lrig3-deficient mice had lower insulin levels than wild-type mice. At 12 mo of age, Lrig3-deficient mice exhibited increased blood pressure, and the Lrig3-deficient female mice displayed signs of cardiac hypertrophy as assessed by echocardiography, heart-to-body weight ratio, and expression of the cardiac hypertrophy marker gene Nppa. Additionally, Lrig3-deficient mice had reduced plasma HDL cholesterol and free glycerol. These findings in mice complement the human epidemiological results and suggest that Lrig3 may influence heart function and plasma lipid levels in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hellström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Madelene Ericsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Mahmood Faraz
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrick Anderson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Regional Cancer Center Stockholm/Gotland, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan K Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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34
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Alsina FC, Hita FJ, Fontanet PA, Irala D, Hedman H, Ledda F, Paratcha G. Lrig1 is a cell-intrinsic modulator of hippocampal dendrite complexity and BDNF signaling. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:601-16. [PMID: 26935556 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though many extracellular factors have been identified as promoters of general dendritic growth and branching, little is known about the cell-intrinsic modulators that allow neurons to sculpt distinctive patterns of dendrite arborization. Here, we identify Lrig1, a nervous system-enriched LRR protein, as a key physiological regulator of dendrite complexity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Lrig1-deficient mice display morphological changes in proximal dendrite arborization and defects in social interaction. Specifically, knockdown of Lrig1 enhances both primary dendrite formation and proximal dendritic branching of hippocampal neurons, two phenotypes that resemble the effect of BDNF on these neurons. In addition, we show that Lrig1 physically interacts with TrkB and attenuates BDNF signaling. Gain and loss of function assays indicate that Lrig1 restricts BDNF-induced dendrite morphology. Together, our findings reveal a novel and essential role of Lrig1 in regulating morphogenic events that shape the hippocampal circuits and establish that the assembly of TrkB with Lrig1 represents a key mechanism for understanding how specific neuronal populations expand the repertoire of responses to BDNF during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cruz Alsina
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Hita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Aldana Fontanet
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dolores Irala
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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35
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van Erp S, van den Heuvel DMA, Fujita Y, Robinson RA, Hellemons AJCGM, Adolfs Y, Van Battum EY, Blokhuis AM, Kuijpers M, Demmers JAA, Hedman H, Hoogenraad CC, Siebold C, Yamashita T, Pasterkamp RJ. Lrig2 Negatively Regulates Ectodomain Shedding of Axon Guidance Receptors by ADAM Proteases. Dev Cell 2015; 35:537-552. [PMID: 26651291 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many guidance receptors are proteolytically cleaved by membrane-associated metalloproteases of the ADAM family, leading to the shedding of their ectodomains. Ectodomain shedding is crucial for receptor signaling and function, but how this process is controlled in neurons remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein Lrig2 negatively regulates ADAM-mediated guidance receptor proteolysis in neurons. Lrig2 binds Neogenin, a receptor for repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs), and prevents premature Neogenin shedding by ADAM17 (TACE). RGMa reduces Lrig2-Neogenin interactions, providing ADAM17 access to Neogenin and allowing this protease to induce ectodomain shedding. Regulation of ADAM17-mediated Neogenin cleavage by Lrig2 is required for neurite growth inhibition by RGMa in vitro and for cortical neuron migration in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of Lrig2 significantly improves CNS axon regeneration. Together, our data identify a unique ligand-gated mechanism to control receptor shedding by ADAMs and reveal functions for Lrigs in neuron migration and regenerative failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan van Erp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dianne M A van den Heuvel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ross A Robinson
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anita J C G M Hellemons
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eljo Y Van Battum
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna M Blokhuis
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marijn Kuijpers
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Proteomics Centre and Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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36
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Wang Y, Shi C, Lu Y, Poulin EJ, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Loss of Lrig1 leads to expansion of Brunner glands followed by duodenal adenomas with gastric metaplasia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1123-34. [PMID: 25794708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a pan-ErbB negative regulator and intestinal stem cell marker down-regulated in many malignancies. We previously reported that 14 of 16 Lrig1-CreERT2/CreERT2 (Lrig1(-/-)) mice developed duodenal adenomas, providing the first in vivo evidence that Lrig1 acts as a tumor suppressor. We extended this study to a larger cohort and found that 49 of 54 Lrig1(-/-) mice develop duodenal adenomas beginning at 3 months. Most adenomas were histologically low grade and overlaid expanded Brunner glands. There was morphologic and biochemical blurring of the boundary between the epithelium and Brunner glands with glandular coexpression of ErbB2, which is normally restricted to the epithelium, and the Brunner gland marker Mucin6. Some adenomas were high grade with reduced Brunner glands. At age 4 to 5 weeks, before adenoma formation, we observed enhanced proliferation in Brunner glands and, at 2 months, an increase in the size of the Brunner gland compartment. Elevated expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) ligands amphiregulin and β-cellulin, as well as Egfr and phosphorylated Egfr, was detected in adenomas compared with adjacent normal tissue. These adenomas expressed the gastric-specific genes gastrokine1 and mucin5ac, indicating gastric metaplasia. Moreover, we found that a subset of human duodenal tumors exhibited features of LRIG1(-/-) adenomas, including loss of LRIG1, gastric metaplasia (MUCIN5AC and MUCIN6), and increased amphiregulin and Egfr activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily J Poulin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffery L Franklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Meabon JS, de Laat R, Ieguchi K, Serbzhinsky D, Hudson MP, Huber BR, Wiley JC, Bothwell M. Intracellular LINGO-1 negatively regulates Trk neurotrophin receptor signaling. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 70:1-10. [PMID: 26546150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins, essential regulators of many aspects of neuronal differentiation and function, signal via four receptors, p75, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC. The three Trk paralogs are members of the LIG superfamily of membrane proteins, which share extracellular domains consisting of leucine-rich repeat and C2 Ig domains. Another LIG protein, LINGO-1 has been reported to bind and influence signaling of p75 as well as TrkA, TrkB and TrkC. Here we examine the manner in which LINGO-1 influences the function of TrkA, TrkB and TrkC. We report that Trk activation promotes Trk association with LINGO-1, and that this association promotes Trk degradation by a lysosomal mechanism. This mechanism resembles the mechanism by which another LIG protein, LRIG1, promotes lysosomal degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases such as the EGF receptor. We present evidence indicating that the Trk/LINGO-1 interaction occurs, in part, within recycling endosomes. We show that a mutant form of LINGO-1, with much of the extracellular domain deleted, has the capacity to enhance TrkA signaling in PC12 cells, possibly by acting as an inhibitor of Trk down-regulation by full length LINGO-1. We propose that LINGO-1 functions as a negative feedback regulator of signaling by cognate receptor tyrosine kinases including TrkA, TrkB and TrkC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Meabon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | | | - Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mark P Hudson
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - B Russel Huber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse C Wiley
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark Bothwell
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Yokdang N, Hatakeyama J, Wald JH, Simion C, Tellez JD, Chang DZ, Swamynathan MM, Chen M, Murphy WJ, Carraway Iii KL, Sweeney C. LRIG1 opposes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inhibits invasion of basal-like breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2932-47. [PMID: 26387542 PMCID: PMC4805527 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LRIG1, a member of the LRIG family of transmembrane leucine rich repeat-containing proteins, is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and a tumor suppressor. LRIG1 expression is broadly decreased in human cancer and in breast cancer, low expression of LRIG1 has been linked to decreased relapse-free survival. Recently, low expression of LRIG1 was revealed to be an independent risk factor for breast cancer metastasis and death. These findings suggest that LRIG1 may oppose breast cancer cell motility and invasion, cellular processes which are fundamental to metastasis. However, very little is known of LRIG1 function in this regard. In this study, we demonstrate that LRIG1 is down-regulated during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that LRIG1 expression may represent a barrier to EMT. Indeed, depletion of endogenous LRIG1 in human mammary epithelial cells expands the stem cell population, augments mammosphere formation and accelerates EMT. Conversely, expression of LRIG1 in highly invasive Basal B breast cancer cells provokes a mesenchymal to epithelial transition accompanied by a dramatic suppression of tumorsphere formation and a striking loss of invasive growth in three-dimensional culture. LRIG1 expression perturbs multiple signaling pathways and represses markers and effectors of the mesenchymal state. Furthermore, LRIG1 expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells significantly slows their growth as tumors, providing the first in vivo evidence that LRIG1 functions as a growth suppressor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yokdang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J H Wald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J D Tellez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - D Z Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M M Swamynathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - W J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - K L Carraway Iii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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39
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Roberts NA, Hilton EN, Woolf AS. From gene discovery to new biological mechanisms: heparanases and congenital urinary bladder disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:534-40. [PMID: 26315301 PMCID: PMC4805131 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a scientific investigation into the pathogenesis of a urinary bladder disease. The disease in question is called urofacial syndrome (UFS), a congenital condition inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. UFS features incomplete urinary bladder emptying and vesicoureteric reflux, with a high risk of recurrent urosepsis and end-stage renal disease. The story starts from a human genomic perspective, then proceeds through experiments that seek to determine the roles of the implicated molecules in embryonic frogs and newborn mice. A future aim would be to use such biological knowledge to intelligently choose novel therapies for UFS. We focus on heparanase proteins and the peripheral nervous system, molecules and tissues that appear to be key players in the pathogenesis of UFS and therefore must also be critical for functional differentiation of healthy bladders. These considerations allow the envisioning of novel biological treatments, although the potential difficulties of targeting the developing bladder in vivo should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Roberts
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma N Hilton
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Bergeron KF, Cardinal T, Touré AM, Béland M, Raiwet DL, Silversides DW, Pilon N. Male-biased aganglionic megacolon in the TashT mouse line due to perturbation of silencer elements in a large gene desert of chromosome 10. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005093. [PMID: 25786024 PMCID: PMC4364714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCC) are a transient migratory cell population that generates diverse cell types such as neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Via an insertional mutation screen for loci affecting NCC development in mice, we identified one line—named TashT—that displays a partially penetrant aganglionic megacolon phenotype in a strong male-biased manner. Interestingly, this phenotype is highly reminiscent of human Hirschsprung’s disease, a neurocristopathy with a still unexplained male sex bias. In contrast to the megacolon phenotype, colonic aganglionosis is almost fully penetrant in homozygous TashT animals. The sex bias in megacolon expressivity can be explained by the fact that the male ENS ends, on average, around a “tipping point” of minimal colonic ganglionosis while the female ENS ends, on average, just beyond it. Detailed analysis of embryonic intestines revealed that aganglionosis in homozygous TashT animals is due to slower migration of enteric NCC. The TashT insertional mutation is localized in a gene desert containing multiple highly conserved elements that exhibit repressive activity in reporter assays. RNAseq analyses and 3C assays revealed that the TashT insertion results, at least in part, in NCC-specific relief of repression of the uncharacterized gene Fam162b; an outcome independently confirmed via transient transgenesis. The transcriptional signature of enteric NCC from homozygous TashT embryos is also characterized by the deregulation of genes encoding members of the most important signaling pathways for ENS formation—Gdnf/Ret and Edn3/Ednrb—and, intriguingly, the downregulation of specific subsets of X-linked genes. In conclusion, this study not only allowed the identification of Fam162b coding and regulatory sequences as novel candidate loci for Hirschsprung’s disease but also provides important new insights into its male sex bias. Hirschsprung’s disease (also known as aganglionic megacolon) is a severe congenital defect of the enteric nervous system (ENS) resulting in complete failure to pass stools. It is characterized by the absence of neural ganglia (aganglionosis) in the distal gut due to incomplete colonization of the embryonic intestines by neural crest cells (NCC), the ENS precursors. Hirschsprung’s disease has an incidence of 1 in 5000 newborns and a 4:1 male sex bias. Although many genes have been associated with this complex genetic disease, most of its heritability as well as its male sex bias remain unexplained. Here, we describe an insertional mutant mouse line (“TashT”) in which virtually all homozygotes display colonic aganglionosis due to defective migration of enteric NCC, but in which only a subset of homozygotes develops megacolon. Surprisingly, this group is almost exclusively male. The TashT ENS defect stems, at least in part, from the disruption of long-range interactions between evolutionarily conserved elements with silencer activity and Fam162b, resulting in NCC-specific upregulation of this uncharacterized protein coding gene. Global analysis of gene expression further revealed that several hundreds of genes are significantly deregulated in TashT enteric NCC. Interestingly, this dataset includes multiple X-linked candidate genes potentially underlying the male sex bias. Taken together, our data pave the way for a clearer understanding of the intriguing male sex bias of Hirschsprung’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-F. Bergeron
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Tatiana Cardinal
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Aboubacrine M. Touré
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Béland
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Diana L. Raiwet
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David W. Silversides
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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41
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Xu Y, Soo P, Walker F, Zhang HH, Redpath N, Tan CW, Nicola NA, Adams TE, Garrett TP, Zhang JG, Burgess AW. LRIG1 extracellular domain: structure and function analysis. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1934-48. [PMID: 25765764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have expressed and purified three soluble fragments of the human LRIG1-ECD (extracellular domain): the LRIG1-LRR (leucine-rich repeat) domain, the LRIG1-3Ig (immunoglobulin-like) domain, and the LRIG1-LRR-1Ig fragment using baculovirus vectors in insect cells. The two LRIG1 domains crystallised so that we have been able to determine the three-dimensional structures at 2.3Å resolution. We developed a three-dimensional structure for the LRIG1-ECD using homology modelling based on the LINGO-1 structure. The LRIG1-LRR domain and the LRIG1-LRR-1Ig fragment are monomers in solution, whereas the LRIG1-3Ig domain appears to be dimeric. We could not detect any binding of the LRIG1 domains or the LRIG1-LRR-1Ig fragment to the EGF receptor (EGFR), either in solution using biosensor analysis or when the EGFR was expressed on the cell surface. The FLAG-tagged LRIG1-LRR-1Ig fragment binds weakly to colon cancer cells regardless of the presence of EGFRs. Similarly, neither the soluble LRIG1-LRR nor the LRIG1-3Ig domains nor the full-length LRIG1 co-expressed in HEK293 cells inhibited ligand-stimulated activation of cell-surface EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xu
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Priscilla Soo
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francesca Walker
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hui Hua Zhang
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas Redpath
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Garrett
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Cancer and Haematology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery, RMH, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Construction of human LRIG1-TAT fusions and TAT-mediated LRIG1 protein delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:396-401. [PMID: 25661388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG1) is a tumor suppressor in animals and also functions as an endogenous suppressor in human tumor. The level of LRIG1 expression is highly associated with patient survival in clinic. The exploration of LRIG1 as a protein drug is an important task. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription peptide (TAT) is an excellent candidate for protein transduction. In this study, human LRIG1 was cloned and LRIG1-TAT fusion gene was constructed. The fusion proteins were produced by an Escherichia coli strain and purified by Ni(2+)-resin. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence microscopy were employed for monitoring LRIG1-TAT protein transduction into human neuroblastoma cells. Cell proliferation and invasion were measured for evaluating the effect of LRIG1-TAT on neuroblastoma cell. Our data showed that LRIG1 protein can be delivered into cells or organs in living animals by TAT. One-time transduction of LRIG1 proteins into human neuroblastoma cells enhanced cell proliferation and increased cell invasion. In vivo transduction showed that LRIG1-TAT protein can be presented in living animal organs. Our experiments provide a new vision on LRIG1 applications and also offer a therapy window for revealing the intrinsic function of LRIG1 on cells.
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Shao LM, Yang JA, Wang YF, Wu P, Li JQ, Chen QX. MicroRNA-19a promotes glioma cell growth by repressing LRIG1. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:5067-5074. [PMID: 25664006 PMCID: PMC4307453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of miRNAs contributes to the development of glioma. In present study, we found that the level of miRNA-19a was significantly elevated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, down-regulation of miRNA-19a dramatically repressed glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the expression of LRIG1, a tumor suppressor in glioma, was increased following miRNA-19a knockdown. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay confirmed that LRIG1 was a direct target of miRNA-19a. In addition, silencing of LRIG1 could reverse the suppressive effect of miRNA-19a inhibitor. Taken together, our results demonstrated that down-regulation of miRNA-19a could suppress the growth of glioma cells, at least in part, through up-regulating LRIG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Min Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ji-An Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian-Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
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Soluble LRIG2 ectodomain is released from glioblastoma cells and promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo in a similar manner to the full-length LRIG2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111419. [PMID: 25353163 PMCID: PMC4213030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) gene family contains LRIG1, 2 and 3, encoding integral membrane proteins with an ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. LRIG1 negatively regulates multiple receptor tyrosine kinases signaling including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is a proposed tumor suppressor. The soluble LRIG1 ectodomain is demonstrated to be shed naturally and inhibit the progression of glioma. However, little is known regarding the functions of LRIG2. In oligodendroglioma, LRIG2 expression is associated with poor survival, suggesting that LRIG2 might have different functions compared with LRIG1. Since soluble LRIG1 ectodomain has a similar function to the full-length LRIG1, we hypothesize that the different roles exerted by LRIG2 and LRIG1 result from the difference of their ectodomains. Here, we addressed the functions of LRIG2 and LRIG2 ectodomain in the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma and the possible underlying mechanisms. Firstly, we found that LRIG2 expression levels positively correlated with the grade of glioma. Further, we demonstrated for the first time that soluble LRIG2 ectodomain was capable of being released from glioblastoma cells and exerted a pro-proliferative effect. Overexpression of LRIG2 ectodomain promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo in a similar manner to the full-length LRIG2. Both full-length LRIG2 and LRIG2 ectodomain were found to physically interact with EGFR, enhance the activation of EGFR and its downstream PI3 K/Akt pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that soluble LRIG2 ectodomain is capable of being released from glioblastoma cells and exerts a similar role to the full-length LRIG2 in the regulation of EGFR signaling in the progression of glioblastoma. LRIG2 ectodomain, with potent pro-tumor effects, holds promise for providing a new therapeutic target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatment decisions for cancer patients require reliable prognostic and predictive information. However, this information is inadequate in many cases. Several recent studies suggest that the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) genes, transcripts, and proteins have prognostic implications in various cancer types. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant literature was identified on PubMed using the key words lrig1, lrig2, and lrig3. LRIG mRNA expression in cancer versus normal tissues was investigated using the Oncomine database. RESULTS The three human LRIG genes, LRIG1, LRIG2, and LRIG3, encode single-pass transmembrane proteins. LRIG1 is a negative regulator of growth factor signaling that has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo in mice. The functions of LRIG2 and LRIG3 are less well defined. LRIG gene and protein expression are commonly dysregulated in human cancer. In early stage breast cancer, LRIG1 copy number was recently shown to predict early and late relapse in addition to overall survival; in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, loss of LRIG1 is also associated with poor survival. LRIG gene and protein expression have prognostic value in breast cancer, uterine cervical cancer, head-and-neck cancer, glioma, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In general, expression of LRIG1 and LRIG3 is associated with good survival, whereas expression of LRIG2 is associated with poor survival. Additionally, LRIG1 regulates cellular sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs, which indicates a possible role as a predictive marker. CONCLUSIONS LRIG gene statuses and mRNA and protein expression are clinically relevant prognostic indicators in several types of human cancer. We propose that LRIG analyses could become important when making informed and individualized clinical decisions regarding the management of cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/mortality
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/mortality
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindquist
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Samuel Kvarnbrink
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: H. Hedman, Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden. Tel: + 46 90 785 2881. E-mail:
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Guo Z, Chen Q, Liu B, Tian D, Zhang S, Li M. LRIG1 enhances chemosensitivity by modulating BCL-2 expression and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in glioma cells. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:1196-205. [PMID: 25048475 PMCID: PMC4108802 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.5.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) are an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that was discovered in recent years, and many studies showed that LRIG1 is a tumor suppressor gene and may be related to tumor drug resistance. In this study, we explored whether LRIG1 protein expression can improve the chemosensitivity of glioma cells and what was its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 93 cases of glioma tissues and detected the expression of LRIG1 and BCL-2. We constructed a multidrug resistance cell line U251/multidrug resistance (MDR) and examined the change of LRIG1 and BCL-2 at mRNA and protein expression levels. LRIG1 expression was upregulated in U251/MDR cells and we detected the change of multidrug resistance. Meanwhile, we changed the expression of LRIG1 and BCL-2 and explored the relationship between LRIG1 and BCL-2. Finally, we also explored the relationship between LRIG1 and RTKs. RESULTS LRIG1 was negatively correlated with BCL-2 expression in glioma tissue and U251/MDR cells, and upregulation of LRIG1 can enhance chemosensitivity and inhibit BCL-2 expression. Furthermore, LRIG1 was negatively correlated with RTKs in U251/MDR cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that LRIG1 can improve chemosensitivity by modulating BCL-2 expression and RTK signaling in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daofeng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Thompson PA, Ljuslinder I, Tsavachidis S, Brewster A, Sahin A, Hedman H, Henriksson R, Bondy ML, Melin BS. Loss of LRIG1 locus increases risk of early and late relapse of stage I/II breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2928-35. [PMID: 24879564 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gains and losses at chromosome 3p12-21 are common in breast tumors and associated with patient outcomes. We hypothesized that the LRIG1 gene at 3p14.1, whose product functions in ErbB-family member degradation, is a critical tumor modifier at this locus. We analyzed 971 stage I/II breast tumors using Affymetrix Oncoscan molecular inversion probe arrays that include 12 probes located within LRIG1. Copy number results were validated against gene expression data available in the public database. By partitioning the LRIG1 probes nearest exon 12/13, we confirm a breakpoint in the gene and show that gains and losses in the subregions differ by tumor and patient characteristics including race/ethnicity. In analyses adjusted for known prognostic factors, loss of LRIG1 was independently associated with risk of any relapse (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.32-2.73), relapse≥5 years (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.31-4.36), and death (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-2.16). Analyses of copy number across chromosome 3, as well as expression data from pooled, publicly available datasets, corroborated the hypothesis of an elevated and persistent risk among cases with loss of or low LRIG1. We concluded that loss/low expression of LRIG1 is an independent risk factor for breast cancer metastasis and death in stage I/II patients. Increased hazard in patients with loss/low LRIG1 persists years after diagnosis, suggesting that LRIG1 is acting as a critical suppressor of tumor metastasis and is an early clinical indicator of risk for late recurrences in otherwise low-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Thompson
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljuslinder
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Spyros Tsavachidis
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Abenaa Brewster
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Aysegul Sahin
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Beatrice S Melin
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza; Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine; Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
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Lindquist D, Näsman A, Tarján M, Henriksson R, Tot T, Dalianis T, Hedman H. Expression of LRIG1 is associated with good prognosis and human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1793-800. [PMID: 24548859 PMCID: PMC3974094 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer has increased rapidly during the past decades. HPV is typically associated with a favourable outcome; however, a need exists for new and more effective prognostic and predictive markers for this disease. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG)-1 is a tumour suppressor protein that belongs to the LRIG family. LRIG1 expression has prognostic significance in various human cancers, including cervical cancer, where HPV is a key aetiological agent. Methods: The prognostic value of LRIG1 and LRIG2 immunoreactivity was investigated in tumour specimens from a Swedish cohort of patients with tonsillar and base of tongue oropharyngeal cancers, including 278 patients. Results: LRIG1 immunoreactivity correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. Notably, patients with HPV-positive tumours with high LRIG1 staining intensity or a high percentage of LRIG1-positive cells showed a very good prognosis. Furthermore, LRIG1 expression correlated with HPV status, whereas LRIG2 expression inversely correlated with HPV status. Conclusions: Taken together, the results suggest that LRIG1 immunoreactivity could be a clinically important prognostic marker in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lindquist
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Näsman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Tarján
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, SE-791 29, Falun, Sweden
| | - R Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Tot
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, SE-791 29, Falun, Sweden
| | - T Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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49
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Simion C, Cedano-Prieto ME, Sweeney C. The LRIG family: enigmatic regulators of growth factor receptor signaling. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R431-43. [PMID: 25183430 PMCID: PMC4182143 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) family of transmembrane proteins contains three vertebrate members (LRIG1, LRIG2 and LRIG3) and one member each in flies (Lambik) and worms (Sma-10). LRIGs have stepped into the spotlight as essential regulators of growth factor receptors, including receptor tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. LRIGs have been found to both negatively (LRIG1 and LRIG3) and positively (Sma-10 and LRIG3) regulate growth factor receptor expression and signaling, although the precise molecular mechanisms by which LRIGs function are not yet understood. The most is known about LRIG1, which was recently demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor. Indeed, in vivo experiments reinforce the essential link between LRIG1 and repression of its targets for tissue homeostasis. LRIG1 has also been identified as a stem cell marker and regulator of stem cell quiescence in a variety of tissues, discussed within. Comparably, less is known about LRIG2 and LRIG3, although studies to date suggest that their functions are largely distinct from that of LRIG1 and that they likely do not serve as growth/tumor suppressors. Finally, the translational applications of expressing soluble forms of LRIG1 in LRIG1-deficient tumors are being explored and hold tremendous promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis School of Medicine, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Maria Elvira Cedano-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis School of Medicine, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis School of Medicine, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Winther M, Walmod PS. Neural cell adhesion molecules belonging to the family of leucine-rich repeat proteins. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 8:315-95. [PMID: 25300143 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8090-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) are motifs that form protein-ligand interaction domains. There are approximately 140 human genes encoding proteins with extracellular LRRs. These encode cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), proteoglycans, G-protein-coupled receptors, and other types of receptors. Here we give a brief description of 36 proteins with extracellular LRRs that all can be characterized as CAMs or putative CAMs expressed in the nervous system. The proteins are involved in multiple biological processes in the nervous system including the proliferation and survival of cells, neuritogenesis, axon guidance, fasciculation, myelination, and the formation and maintenance of synapses. Moreover, the proteins are functionally implicated in multiple diseases including cancer, hearing impairment, glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Thus, LRR-containing CAMs constitute a large group of proteins of pivotal importance for the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the nervous system.
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