1
|
Raab CA, Wegner SV. Reversible Photoregulation of Cell-Cell Adhesions With Opto-E-cadherin. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4995. [PMID: 38798983 PMCID: PMC11116891 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin has been intensively studied due to its prevalence in tissue function and its spatiotemporal regulation during epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition. Nonetheless, regulating and studying the dynamics of it has proven challenging. We developed a photoswitchable version of E-cadherin, named opto-E-cadherin, which can be toggled OFF with blue light illumination and back ON in the dark. Herein, we describe easy-to-use methods to test and characterise opto-E- cadherin cell clones for downstream experiments. Key features • This protocol describes how to implement optogenetic cell-cell adhesion molecules effectively (described here on the basis of opto-E-cadherin), while highlighting possible pitfalls. • Utilises equipment commonly found in most laboratories with high ease of use. • Phenotype screening is easy and done within a few hours (comparison of cell clusters in the dark vs. blue light in an aggregation assay). • Three different functionality assay systems are described. • After the cell line is established, all experiments can be performed within three days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Raab
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng Y, Cao S, Li N, Tang J, Lin G. Identification of key lipid metabolism-related genes in Alzheimer's disease. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:155. [PMID: 37736681 PMCID: PMC10515010 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents profound degenerative conditions of the brain that cause significant deterioration in memory and cognitive function. Despite extensive research on the significant contribution of lipid metabolism to AD progression, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Hence, this study aimed to identify key differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (DELMRGs) in AD progression. METHODS Comprehensive analyses were performed to determine key DELMRGs in AD compared to controls in GSE122063 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus. Additionally, the ssGSEA algorithm was utilized for estimating immune cell levels. Subsequently, correlations between key DELMRGs and each immune cell were calculated specifically in AD samples. The key DELMRGs expression levels were validated via two external datasets. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized for deriving associated pathways of key DELMRGs. Additionally, miRNA-TF regulatory networks of the key DELMRGs were constructed using the miRDB, NetworkAnalyst 3.0, and Cytoscape software. Finally, based on key DELMRGs, AD samples were further segmented into two subclusters via consensus clustering, and immune cell patterns and pathway differences between the two subclusters were examined. RESULTS Seventy up-regulated and 100 down-regulated DELMRGs were identified. Subsequently, three key DELMRGs (DLD, PLPP2, and PLAAT4) were determined utilizing three algorithms [(i) LASSO, (ii) SVM-RFE, and (iii) random forest]. Specifically, PLPP2 and PLAAT4 were up-regulated, while DLD exhibited downregulation in AD cerebral cortex tissue. This was validated in two separate external datasets (GSE132903 and GSE33000). The AD group exhibited significantly altered immune cell composition compared to controls. In addition, GSEA identified various pathways commonly associated with three key DELMRGs. Moreover, the regulatory network of miRNA-TF for key DELMRGs was established. Finally, significant differences in immune cell levels and several pathways were identified between the two subclusters. CONCLUSION This study identified DLD, PLPP2, and PLAAT4 as key DELMRGs in AD progression, providing novel insights for AD prevention/treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Si Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
FAK-Mediated Signaling Controls Amyloid Beta Overload, Learning and Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169055. [PMID: 36012331 PMCID: PMC9408823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is highly expressed in the central nervous system during development, where it regulates neurite outgrowth and axon guidance, but its role in the adult healthy and diseased brain, specifically in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is largely unknown. Using the 3xTg-AD mouse model, which carries three mutations associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (APP KM670/671NL Swedish, PSEN1 M146V, MAPT P301L) and develops age-related progressive neuropathology including amyloid plaques and Tau tangles, we describe here, for the first time, the in vivo role of FAK in AD pathology. Our data demonstrate that while site-specific knockdown in the hippocampi of 3xTg-AD mice has no effect on learning and memory, hippocampal overexpression of the protein leads to a significant decrease in learning and memory capabilities, which is accompanied by a significant increase in amyloid β (Aβ) load. Furthermore, neuronal morphology is altered following hippocampal overexpression of FAK in these mice. High-throughput proteomics analysis of total and phosphorylated proteins in the hippocampi of FAK overexpressing mice indicates that FAK controls AD-like phenotypes by inhibiting cytoskeletal remodeling in neurons which results in morphological changes, by increasing Tau hyperphosphorylation, and by blocking astrocyte differentiation. FAK activates cell cycle re-entry and consequent cell death while downregulating insulin signaling, thereby increasing insulin resistance and leading to oxidative stress. Our data provide an overview of the signaling networks by which FAK regulates AD pathology and identify FAK as a novel therapeutic target for treating AD.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pfundstein G, Nikonenko AG, Sytnyk V. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid β (Aβ) interact with cell adhesion molecules: Implications in Alzheimer’s disease and normal physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:969547. [PMID: 35959488 PMCID: PMC9360506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.969547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which dysfunction and loss of synapses and neurons lead to cognitive impairment and death. Accumulation and aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated via amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is considered to play a central role in the disease etiology. APP interacts with cell adhesion molecules, which influence the normal physiological functions of APP, its amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic processing, and formation of Aβ aggregates. These cell surface glycoproteins also mediate attachment of Aβ to the neuronal cell surface and induce intracellular signaling contributing to Aβ toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge surrounding the interactions of cell adhesion molecules with APP and Aβ and analyze the evidence of the critical role these proteins play in regulating the processing and physiological function of APP as well as Aβ toxicity. This is a necessary piece of the complex AD puzzle, which we should understand in order to develop safe and effective therapeutic interventions for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant Pfundstein
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Vladimir Sytnyk,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santana DA, Bedrat A, Puga RD, Turecki G, Mechawar N, Faria TC, Gigek CO, Payão SL, Smith MA, Lemos B, Chen ES. The role of H3K9 acetylation and gene expression in different brain regions of Alzheimer's disease patients. Epigenomics 2022; 14:651-670. [PMID: 35588246 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate H3K9 acetylation and gene expression profiles in three brain regions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and elderly controls, and to identify AD region-specific abnormalities. Methods: Brain samples of auditory cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum from AD patients and controls underwent chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA sequencing and network analyses. Results: We found a hyperacetylation of AD cerebellum and a slight hypoacetylation of AD hippocampus. The transcriptome revealed differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus and auditory cortex. Network analysis revealed Rho GTPase-mediated mechanisms. Conclusions: These findings suggest that some crucial mechanisms, such as Rho GTPase activity and cytoskeletal organization, are differentially dysregulated in brain regions of AD patients at the epigenetic and transcriptomic levels, and might contribute toward future research on AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daliléia A Santana
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Amina Bedrat
- Department of Environmental Health & Molecular & Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA
| | - Renato D Puga
- Hermes Pardini Institute, São Paulo, SP, 04038-030, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H1R3, Canada
| | - Tathyane C Faria
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Gigek
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Spencer Lm Payão
- Department of Genetics, Blood Center, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, 17519-050, Brazil
| | - Marília Ac Smith
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health & Molecular & Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Chen
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, 04023-062, Brazil.,Department of Environmental Health & Molecular & Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Advani D, Kumar P. Therapeutic Targeting of Repurposed Anticancer Drugs in Alzheimer's Disease: Using the Multiomics Approach. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13870-13887. [PMID: 34095679 PMCID: PMC8173619 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS The complexity and heterogeneity of multiple pathological features make Alzheimer's disease (AD) a major culprit to global health. Drug repurposing is an inexpensive and reliable approach to redirect the existing drugs for new indications. The current study aims to study the possibility of repurposing approved anticancer drugs for AD treatment. We proposed an in silico pipeline based on "omics" data mining that combines genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics studies. We aimed to validate the neuroprotective properties of repurposed drugs and to identify the possible mechanism of action of the proposed drugs in AD. RESULTS We generated a list of AD-related genes and then searched DrugBank database and Therapeutic Target Database to find anticancer drugs related to potential AD targets. Specifically, we researched the available approved anticancer drugs and excluded the information of investigational and experimental drugs. We developed a computational pipeline to prioritize the anticancer drugs having a close association with AD targets. From data mining, we generated a list of 2914 AD-related genes and obtained 49 potential druggable targets by functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies for these genes revealed 641 interactions. We found that 15 AD risk/direct PPI genes were associated with 30 approved oncology drugs. The computational validation of candidate drug-target interactions, structural and functional analysis, investigation of related molecular mechanisms, and literature-based analysis resulted in four repurposing candidates, of which three drugs were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our computational drug repurposing approach proposed EGFR inhibitors as potential repurposing drugs for AD. Consequently, our proposed framework could be used for drug repurposing for different indications in an economical and efficient way.
Collapse
|
7
|
Garofalo M, Pandini C, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O, Rey F, Costa A, Minafra B, Diamanti L, Zucca S, Carelli S, Cereda C, Gagliardi S. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Gene Expression Patterns Divergence Reveals Different Grade of RNA Metabolism Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249500. [PMID: 33327559 PMCID: PMC7765024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a progressive degeneration of the central or peripheral nervous systems. A central role of the RNA metabolism has emerged in these diseases, concerning mRNAs processing and non-coding RNAs biogenesis. We aimed to identify possible common grounds or differences in the dysregulated pathways of AD, PD, and ALS. To do so, we performed RNA-seq analysis to investigate the deregulation of both coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ALS, AD, and PD patients and controls (CTRL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A total of 293 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 87 mRNAs were found in ALS patients. In AD patients a total of 23 DE genes emerged, 19 protein coding genes and four lncRNAs. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses, we found common affected pathways and biological processes in ALS and AD. In PD patients only five genes were found to be DE. Our data brought to light the importance of lncRNAs and mRNAs regulation in three principal neurodegenerative disorders, offering starting points for new investigations on deregulated pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pandini
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Via G.B Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Brigida Minafra
- Parkinson Unit and Movement disorders Mondino Foundation IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Susanna Zucca
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
- enGenomesrl, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Via G.B Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (S.Z.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ceruloplasmin oxidized and deamidated by Parkinson's disease cerebrospinal fluid induces epithelial cells proliferation arrest and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15507. [PMID: 32968118 PMCID: PMC7511351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) is oxidized and deamidated by the pathological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) environment. These modifications promote the gain of integrin binding properties, fostered by the deamidation of two NGR-motifs present in the Cp sequence that convert into the isoDGR-motif. Through isoDGR/integrin binding, the oxidized/deamidated-Cp (Cp-ox/de) mediates cell adhesion and transduces an intracellular signal in epithelial cells that seems to be addressed to regulate cell cycle, proliferation and cytoskeletal re-arrangement. However, the effect fostered on cells by integrins engagement via Cp-ox/de is not known. We found that in HaCaT epithelial cells, the incubation with Cp-ox/de resulted in proliferation inhibition mediated by isoDGR, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Similar proliferation inhibition was induced by treatment with purified Cp previously incubated in the CSF from Parkinson's disease patients, but not by Cp incubated in the CSF from healthy subjects. In human primary choroid plexus epithelial cells, a possible in vivo target of Cp-ox/de generated in pathological CSFs, we found that Cp-ox/de mediated cell adhesion via isoDGR/integrins binding and transduced an intracellular signal, which resulted in cell proliferation inhibition. Thus, the generation of Cp-ox/de in pathological CSFs and the consequent apoptosis induction of epithelial cells facing the liquor, might represent a novel mechanism that contributes to neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Arora H, Ramesh M, Rajasekhar K, Govindaraju T. Molecular Tools to Detect Alloforms of Aβ and Tau: Implications for Multiplexing and Multimodal Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Arora
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Kolla Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
- VNIR Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Center, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase I, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dourlen P, Kilinc D, Malmanche N, Chapuis J, Lambert JC. The new genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease: from amyloid cascade to genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis? Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:221-236. [PMID: 30982098 PMCID: PMC6660578 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A strong genetic predisposition (60–80% of attributable risk) is present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In view of this major genetic component, identification of the genetic risk factors has been a major objective in the AD field with the ultimate aim to better understand the pathological processes. In this review, we present how the genetic risk factors are involved in APP metabolism, β-amyloid peptide production, degradation, aggregation and toxicity, innate immunity, and Tau toxicity. In addition, on the basis of the new genetic landscape, resulting from the recent high-throughput genomic approaches and emerging neurobiological information, we propose an over-arching model in which the focal adhesion pathway and the related cell signalling are key elements in AD pathogenesis. The core of the focal adhesion pathway links the physiological functions of amyloid precursor protein and Tau with the pathophysiological processes they are involved in. This model includes several entry points, fitting with the different origins for the disease, and supports the notion that dysregulation of synaptic plasticity is a central node in AD. Notably, our interpretation of the latest data from genome wide association studies complements other hypotheses already developed in the AD field, i.e., amyloid cascade, cellular phase or propagation hypotheses. Genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis will need to be further tested experimentally within the general AD framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu Z, Isaji T, Fukuda T, Wang Y, Gu J. O-GlcNAcylation regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration via formation of focal adhesion complexes. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3117-3124. [PMID: 30587575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of a protein serine or threonine residue catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in the nucleus and cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylation plays important roles in the cellular signaling that affect the different biological functions of cells, depending upon cell type. However, whether or not O-GlcNAcylation regulates cell adhesion and migration remains unclear. Here, we used the doxycycline-inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system to establish an OGT knockdown (KD) HeLa cell line and found that O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator for cell adhesion, migration, and focal adhesion (FA) complex formation. The expression levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation were remarkably suppressed 24 h after induction of doxycycline. Knockdown of OGT significantly promoted cell adhesion, but it suppressed the cell migration on fibronectin. The immunostaining with paxillin, a marker for FA plaque, clearly showed that the number of FAs was increased in the KD cells compared with that in the control cells. The O-GlcNAcylation levels of paxillin, talin, and focal adhesion kinase were down-regulated in KD cells. Interestingly, the complex formation between integrin β1, focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and talin was greatly increased in KD cells. Consistently, levels of active integrin β1 were significantly enhanced in KD cells, whereas they were decreased in cells overexpressing OGT. The data suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for O-GlcNAcylation during FA complex formation, which thereby affects integrin activation and integrin-mediated functions such as cell adhesion and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
| | - Yuqin Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Jianguo Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dong J, Fujita R, Zako T, Ueda H. Construction of Quenchbodies to detect and image amyloid β oligomers. Anal Biochem 2018; 550:61-67. [PMID: 29678763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A quenchbody (Q-body) is an antibody-based biosensor that employs fluorescence quenching of the dye(s) attached to the antibody fragment, which are de-quenched upon antigen binding. In this study, we aimed to develop Fab type Q-bodies (UQ-bodies) to aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Characteristic senile plaques in AD consist of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) generated from the amyloid precursor protein. Aβ42, one of the major peptide forms, aggregates fast and manifests higher neurotoxicity. Recent studies showed that Aβ oligomers, such as Aβ-derived diffusible ligand (ADDL), are more toxic than fibrils. Thus, detection of Aβ and its oligomers in body fluid might help detect deterioration caused by the disease. To this end, the Fab fragment of the anti-Aβ antibody h12A11, which binds preferentially to ADDL, was expressed in Escherichia coli, and labeled with a fluorescent dye at the N terminus of either the heavy chain, or the heavy and light chains, via Cys-containing tag(s) to prepare UQ-bodies. As a result, the double-labeled UQ-bodies detected ADDL with higher sensitivity than that for the Aβ peptide. In addition, the UQ-body could be used to image aggregated Aβ with a low background, which suggested the potential of UQ-bodies as a fast bioimaging tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China; Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Richi Fujita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Tamotsu Zako
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nygaard HB. Targeting Fyn Kinase in Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:369-376. [PMID: 28709498 PMCID: PMC5729051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has brought tremendous progress in unraveling the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While increasingly sophisticated immunotherapy targeting soluble and aggregated brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) continues to dominate clinical research in AD, a deeper understanding of Aβ physiology has led to the recognition of distinct neuronal signaling pathways linking Aβ to synaptotoxicity and neurodegeneration and to new targets for therapeutic intervention. Identifying specific signaling pathways involving Aβ has allowed for the development of more precise therapeutic interventions targeting the most relevant molecular mechanisms leading to AD. In this review, I highlight the discovery of cellular prion protein as a high-affinity receptor for Aβ oligomers, and the downstream signaling pathway elucidated to date, converging on nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Fyn. I discuss preclinical studies targeting Fyn as a therapeutic intervention in AD and our recent experience with the safety, tolerability, and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of the Src family kinase inhibitor saracatinib in patients with AD. Fyn is an attractive target for AD therapeutics, not only based on its activation by Aβ via cellular prion protein but also due to its known interaction with tau, uniquely linking the two key pathologies in AD. Fyn is also a challenging target, with broad expression throughout the body and significant homology with other members of the Src family kinases, which may lead to unintended off-target effects. A phase 2a proof-of-concept clinical trial in patients with AD is currently under way, providing critical first data on the potential effectiveness of targeting Fyn in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haakon B. Nygaard
- Assistant Professor of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu CC, Zhao N, Fu Y, Wang N, Linares C, Tsai CW, Bu G. ApoE4 Accelerates Early Seeding of Amyloid Pathology. Neuron 2017; 96:1024-1032.e3. [PMID: 29216449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is an initiating step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Although there is strong evidence showing that apoE4 enhances amyloid pathology, it is not clear what the critical stage(s) is during amyloid development in which apoE4 has the strongest impact. Using apoE inducible mouse models, we show that increased expression of astrocytic apoE4, but not apoE3, during the seeding stage of amyloid development enhanced amyloid deposition and neuritic dystrophy in amyloid model mice. ApoE4, but not apoE3, significantly increased brain Aβ half-life measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, apoE4 expression increased whereas apoE3 reduced amyloid-related gliosis in the mouse brains. Together, our results demonstrate that apoE4 has the greatest impact on amyloid during the seeding stage, likely by perturbing Aβ clearance and enhancing Aβ aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Cynthia Linares
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Tsai
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li H, Yang D, Ning S, Xu Y, Yang F, Yin R, Feng T, Han S, Guo L, Zhang P, Qu W, Guo R, Song C, Xiao P, Zhou C, Xu Z, Sun J, Yu X. Switching of the substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatase N12 by cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 phosphorylation orchestrating 2 oncogenic pathways. FASEB J 2017; 32:73-82. [PMID: 28842430 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700418r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
- Second Hospital, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Duxiao Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Shanglei Ning
- Qilu Hospital and School of Life Science, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Cancer CenterFirst Hospital of Jilin University Jilin China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Rusha Yin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Taihu Feng
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Shouqing Han
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Lu Guo
- Second Hospital, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Wenjie Qu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Renbo Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative BiologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | | | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Jin‐Peng Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Functional screening of Alzheimer risk loci identifies PTK2B as an in vivo modulator and early marker of Tau pathology. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:874-883. [PMID: 27113998 PMCID: PMC5444024 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) identified 19 risk loci (in addition to APOE) in which the functional genes are unknown. Using Drosophila, we screened 296 constructs targeting orthologs of 54 candidate risk genes within these loci for their ability to modify Tau neurotoxicity by quantifying the size of >6000 eyes. Besides Drosophila Amph (ortholog of BIN1), which we previously implicated in Tau pathology, we identified p130CAS (CASS4), Eph (EPHA1), Fak (PTK2B) and Rab3-GEF (MADD) as Tau toxicity modulators. Of these, the focal adhesion kinase Fak behaved as a strong Tau toxicity suppressor in both the eye and an independent focal adhesion-related wing blister assay. Accordingly, the human Tau and PTK2B proteins biochemically interacted in vitro and PTK2B co-localized with hyperphosphorylated and oligomeric Tau in progressive pathological stages in the brains of AD patients and transgenic Tau mice. These data indicate that PTK2B acts as an early marker and in vivo modulator of Tau toxicity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Poulsen ET, Iannuzzi F, Rasmussen HF, Maier TJ, Enghild JJ, Jørgensen AL, Matrone C. An Aberrant Phosphorylation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Tyrosine Regulates Its Trafficking and the Binding to the Clathrin Endocytic Complex in Neural Stem Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:59. [PMID: 28360834 PMCID: PMC5350151 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is likely caused by defective amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking and processing in neurons leading to amyloid plaques containing the amyloid-β (Aβ) APP peptide byproducts. Understanding how APP is targeted to selected destinations inside neurons and identifying the mechanisms responsible for the generation of Aβ are thus the keys for the advancement of new therapies. We previously developed a mouse model with a mutation at tyrosine (Tyr) 682 in the C-terminus of APP. This residue is needed for APP to bind to the coating protein Clathrin and to the Clathrin adaptor protein AP2 as well as for the correct APP trafficking and sorting in neurons. By extending these findings to humans, we found that APP binding to Clathrin is decreased in neural stem cells from AD sufferers. Increased APP Tyr phosphorylation alters APP trafficking in AD neurons and it is associated to Fyn Tyr kinase activation. We show that compounds affecting Tyr kinase activity and counteracting defects in AD neurons can control APP location and compartmentalization. APP Tyr phosphorylation is thus a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebbe T. Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thorsten J. Maier
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan RY, Xing GY, Zhou GM, Li FM, Hu WT, Lambein F, Xiong JL, Zhang SX, Kong HY, Zhu H, Li ZX, Xiong YC. Plant toxin β-ODAP activates integrin β1 and focal adhesion: A critical pathway to cause neurolathyrism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40677. [PMID: 28094806 PMCID: PMC5240565 DOI: 10.1038/srep40677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurolathyrism is a unique neurodegeneration disease caused by β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β- diaminopropionic (β-ODAP) present in grass pea seed (Lathyrus stativus L.) and its pathogenetic mechanism is unclear. This issue has become a critical restriction to take full advantage of drought-tolerant grass pea as an elite germplasm resource under climate change. We found that, in a human glioma cell line, β-ODAP treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to outside release and overfall of Ca2+ from mitochondria to cellular matrix. Increased Ca2+ in cellular matrix activated the pathway of ECM, and brought about the overexpression of β1 integrin on cytomembrane surface and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The formation of high concentration of FA units on the cell microfilaments further induced overexpression of paxillin, and then inhibited cytoskeleton polymerization. This phenomenon turned to cause serious cell microfilaments distortion and ultimately cytoskeleton collapse. We also conducted qRT-PCR verification on RNA-sequence data using 8 randomly chosen genes of pathway enrichment, and confirmed that the data was statistically reliable. For the first time, we proposed a relatively complete signal pathway to neurolathyrism. This work would help open a new window to cure neurolathyrism, and fully utilize grass pea germplasm resource under climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Geng-Yan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Building 402 Room 2222, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Hu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Building 402 Room 2222, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fernand Lambein
- Institute Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jun-Lan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quercetin Exerts Differential Neuroprotective Effects Against H 2O 2 and Aβ Aggregates in Hippocampal Neurons: the Role of Mitochondria. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7116-7128. [PMID: 27796749 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is one of the major players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms by which Aβ induces neurodegeneration are not completely understood. Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor to the pathogenesis of AD, and accumulating evidence indicates that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in Aβ-induced neurodegeneration. Moreover, Aβ can induce the deregulation of calcium homeostasis, which also affects mitochondrial function and triggers neuronal cell death. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of quercetin, a plant flavonoid with antioxidant properties, on oxidative stress- and Aβ-induced degeneration. Our results indicate that quercetin efficiently protected against H2O2-induced neuronal toxicity; however, this protection was only partial in rat hippocampal neurons that were treated with Aβ. Treatment with quercetin decreased ROS levels, recovered the normal morphology of mitochondria, and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons that were treated with H2O2. By contrast, quercetin treatment partially rescued hippocampal neurons from Aβ-induced mitochondrial injury. Most importantly, quercetin treatment prevented the toxic effects that are induced by H2O2 in hippocampal neurons and, to a lesser extent, the Aβ-induced toxicity that is associated with the superoxide anion, which is a precursor of ROS production in mitochondria. Collectively, these results indicate that quercetin exerts differential effects on the prevention of H2O2- and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons and may be a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ neurotoxicity.
Collapse
|
20
|
An early dysregulation of FAK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways precedes the β-amyloid deposition in the olfactory bulb of APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Proteomics 2016; 148:149-58. [PMID: 27498392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Olfactory dysfunction is an early event of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms associated to AD neurodegeneration in olfactory areas are unknown. Here we used double-transgenic amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APPswe/PS1dE9) mice and label-free quantitative proteomics to analyze early pathological effects on the olfactory bulb (OB) during AD progression. Prior to β-amyloid plaque formation, 9 modulated proteins were detected on 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice while 16 differential expressed proteins were detected at 6months, when β-amyloid plaques appear, indicating a moderate imbalance in cytoskeletal rearrangement, and synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 OBs. Moreover, β-amyloid induced an inactivation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) together with a transient activation of MEK1/2, leading to inactivation of ERK1/2 in 6-months APP/PS1 OBs. In contrast, the analysis of human OBs revealed a late activation of FAK in advanced AD stages, whereas ERK1/2 activation was enhanced across AD staging respect to controls. This survival potential was accompanied by the inhibition of the proapototic factor BAD in the OB across AD phenotypes. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the early molecular mechanisms that are modulated in AD neurodegeneration, highlighting significant differences in the regulation of survival pathways between APP/PS1 mice and sporadic human AD. SIGNIFICANCE Loss of smell is involved in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), usually preceding classic disease symptoms. However, the mechanisms governing this dysfunction are still poorly understood, losing its potential as a useful tool for clinical diagnosis. Our study characterizes potential AD-associated molecular changes in APP/PS1 mice olfactory bulb (OB) using MS-quantitative proteomics, revealing early cytoskeletal disruption and synaptic plasticity impairment. Moreover, an opposite pattern was found when comparing the activation status of specific survival pathways between APP/PS1 OBs and OBs derived from sAD subjects with different neuropathological grading. Our data reflect, in part, the progressive effect of APP overproduction and Aβ accumulation on the OB proteome during AD progression.
Collapse
|
21
|
Labour MN, Vigier S, Lerner D, Marcilhac A, Belamie E. 3D compartmented model to study the neurite-related toxicity of Aβ aggregates included in collagen gels of adaptable porosity. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:38-49. [PMID: 27057929 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insoluble deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) are associated to neurodegenerative pathologies, in particular Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The toxicity of synthetic amyloid-like peptides has been largely demonstrated and shown to depend upon their aggregation state. However, standard 2D cell culture conditions are not well suited to study the role of the close vicinity of Aβ aggregates and growing neurites in the degenerative process. Here, we have designed a compartmented set-up where model neural cells are differentiated on the surface of Aβ-containing collagen matrices. The average pore size can be modulated, from below 0.2μm to more than 0.5μm by simple treatment with collagenase, to respectively hamper or permit neurite outgrowth towards the depth of the matrix. Dense Aβ aggregates (Congo red and ThT-positive) were obtained inside the collagen matrix with a homogeneous distribution and dimensions similar to those observed in post-mortem brain slices from Alzheimer's patients. The aggregates are not toxic to cells when the pore size is small, in spite of relatively high concentrations of 0.05-0.62mg of peptide per gram of collagen (equivalent to 11.3-113μM). In contrast, on Aβ-containing matrices with large pores, massive neural death is observed when the cells are seeded in the same conditions. It is the first time to our knowledge that Aβ aggregates with a typical morphology of dense plaques are obtained within a porous biomimetic matrix, and are shown to be toxic only when accessible to differentiating cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Insoluble deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) are associated to neurodegenerative pathologies, in particular Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this study, we have formed Aβ aggregates directly inside a biomimetic collagen matrix loaded with growth factors to induce the differentiation of PC12 or SH-SY6Y cells. For the first time, we show that when the contact between cells and Aβ aggregates is allowed by opening up the matrix porosity, the close vicinity with aggregates induces neurite dystrophy. The compartmented 3D culture model developed and used in this study is a valuable tool to study the cytotoxicity of preformed dense Aβ aggregates and proves that contact between the aggregates and neurons is required to induce neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Golde TE. Overcoming translational barriers impeding development of Alzheimer's disease modifying therapies. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:224-236. [PMID: 27145445 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has now been ~ 30 years since the Alzheimer's disease (AD) research entered what may be termed the 'molecular era' that began with the identification of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) as the primary component of amyloid within senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid and the microtubule-associated protein tau as the primary component of neurofibrillary tangles in the AD brain. These pivotal discoveries and the subsequent genetic, pathological, and modeling studies supporting pivotal roles for tau and Aβ aggregation and accumulation have provided firm rationale for a new generation of AD therapies designed not to just provide symptomatic benefit, but as disease modifying agents that would slow or even reverse the disease course. Indeed, over the last 20 years numerous therapeutic strategies for disease modification have emerged, been preclinically validated, and advanced through various stages of clinical testing. Unfortunately, no therapy has yet to show significant clinical disease modification. In this review, I describe 10 translational barriers to successful disease modification, highlight current efforts addressing some of these barriers, and discuss how the field could focus future efforts to overcome barriers that are not major foci of current research efforts. Seminal discoveries made over the past 25 years have provided firm rationale for a new generation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapies designed as disease modifying agents that would slow or even reverse the disease course. Unfortunately, no therapy has yet to show significant clinical disease modification. In this review, I describe 10 translational barriers to successful AD disease modification, highlight current efforts addressing some of these barriers, and discuss how the field could focus future efforts to overcome these barriers. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Transcriptional analysis reveals distinct subtypes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: implications for personalized therapy. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:1335-59. [PMID: 26144267 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease, caused by the loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. The lack of therapeutic progress is mainly due to the insufficient understanding of complexity and heterogeneity underlying the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS. Recently, we analyzed whole-genome expression profiles of motor cortex of sporadic ALS patients, classifying them into two subgroups characterized by differentially expressed genes and pathways. Some of the deregulated genes encode proteins, which are primary targets of drugs currently in preclinical or clinical studies for several clinical conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss in-depth the potential role of these candidate targets in ALS pathogenesis, highlighting their possible relevance for personalized ALS treatments.
Collapse
|
24
|
Barbariga M, Curnis F, Andolfo A, Zanardi A, Lazzaro M, Conti A, Magnani G, Volontè MA, Ferrari L, Comi G, Corti A, Alessio M. Ceruloplasmin functional changes in Parkinson's disease-cerebrospinal fluid. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:59. [PMID: 26537957 PMCID: PMC4634150 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceruloplasmin, a ferroxidase present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plays a role in iron homeostasis protecting tissues from oxidative damage. Its reduced enzymatic activity was reported in Parkinson’s disease (PD) contributing to the pathological iron accumulation. We previously showed that ceruloplasmin is modified by oxidation in vivo, and, in addition, in vitro by deamidation of specific NGR-motifs that foster the gain of integrin-binding function. Here we investigated whether the loss of ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity in the CSF of PD patients was accompanied by NGR-motifs deamidation and gain of function. Results We have found that endogenous ceruloplasmin in the CSF of PD patients showed structural changes, deamidation of the 962NGR-motif which is usually hidden within the ceruloplasmin structure, and the gain of integrin-binding function. These effects occur owing to the presence of abnormal levels of hydrogen peroxide we detected in the CSF of PD patients. Interestingly, the pathological CSF's environment of PD patients promoted the same modifications in the exogenously added ceruloplasmin, which in turn resulted in loss of ferroxidase-activity and acquisition of integrin-binding properties. Conclusions We show that in pathological oxidative environment of PD-CSF the endogenous ceruloplasmin, in addition to loss-of-ferroxidase function, is modified as to gain integrin-binding function. These findings, beside the known role of ceruloplasmin in iron homeostasis, might have important pathogenic implications due to the potential triggering of signals mediated by the unusual integrin binding in cells of central nervous system. Furthermore, there are pharmacological implications because, based on data obtained in murine models, the administration of ceruloplasmin has been proposed as potential therapeutic treatment of PD, however, the observed CSF's pro-oxidant properties raise the possibility that in human the ceruloplasmin-based therapeutic approach might not be efficacious. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-015-0055-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Barbariga
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Present address: Translational Neurology group, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, BMC A10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMiFa-Protein Microsequencing Facility, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alan Zanardi
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Lazzaro
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Conti
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Magnani
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Volontè
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Ferrari
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cuberos H, Vallée B, Vourc'h P, Tastet J, Andres CR, Bénédetti H. Roles of LIM kinases in central nervous system function and dysfunction. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3795-806. [PMID: 26545494 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) regulate actin dynamics by phosphorylating cofilin. In this review, we outline studies that have shown an involvement of LIMKs in neuronal function and we detail some of the pathways and molecular mechanisms involving LIMKs in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. We also review the involvement of LIMKs in neuronal diseases and emphasize the differences in the regulation of LIMKs expression and mode of action. We finally present the existence of a cofilin-independent pathway also involved in neuronal function. A better understanding of the differences between both LIMKs and of the precise molecular mechanisms involved in their mode of action and regulation is now required to improve our understanding of the physiopathology of the neuronal diseases associated with LIMKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Cuberos
- CNRS UPR 4301, CBM, Orléans, France; UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - B Vallée
- CNRS UPR 4301, CBM, Orléans, France
| | - P Vourc'h
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - J Tastet
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C R Andres
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Henriques AG, Oliveira JM, Carvalho LP, da Cruz E Silva OAB. Aβ Influences Cytoskeletal Signaling Cascades with Consequences to Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1391-1407. [PMID: 25344315 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal signal transduction events can impact upon the cytoskeleton, affecting the actin and microtubule networks with direct relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cytoskeletal anomalies, in turn, promote atypical neuronal responses, with consequences for cellular organization and function. Neuronal cytoskeletal modifications in AD include neurofibrillary tangles, which result from aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The latter is a microtubule (MT)-binding protein, whose abnormal phosphorylation leads to MT instability and consequently provokes irregularities in the neuronal trafficking pathways. Early stages of AD are also characterized by synaptic dysfunction and loss of dendritic spines, which correlate with cognitive deficit and impaired brain function. Actin dynamics has a prominent role in maintaining spine plasticity and integrity, thus providing the basis for memory and learning processes. Hence, factors that disrupt both actin and MT network dynamics will compromise neuronal function and survival. The peptide Aβ is the major component of senile plaques and has been described as a pivotal mediator of neuronal dystrophy and synaptic loss in AD. Here, we review Aβ-mediated effects on both MT and actin networks and focus on the relevance of the elicited cytoskeletal signaling events targeted in AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Machado Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Liliana Patrícia Carvalho
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Armendáriz BG, Masdeu MDM, Soriano E, Ureña JM, Burgaya F. The diverse roles and multiple forms of focal adhesion kinase in brain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3573-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. Armendáriz
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Masdeu
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús M. Ureña
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Ferran Burgaya
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Barbariga M, Curnis F, Spitaleri A, Andolfo A, Zucchelli C, Lazzaro M, Magnani G, Musco G, Corti A, Alessio M. Oxidation-induced structural changes of ceruloplasmin foster NGR motif deamidation that promotes integrin binding and signaling. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3736-48. [PMID: 24366863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.520981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine deamidation occurs spontaneously in proteins during aging; deamidation of Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) sites can lead to the formation of isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR), a motif that can recognize the RGD-binding site of integrins. Ceruloplasmin (Cp), a ferroxidase present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), contains two NGR sites in its sequence: one exposed on the protein surface ((568)NGR) and the other buried in the tertiary structure ((962)NGR). Considering that Cp can undergo oxidative modifications in the CSF of neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated the effect of oxidation on the deamidation of both NGR motifs and, consequently, on the acquisition of integrin binding properties. We observed that the exposed (568)NGR site can deamidate under conditions mimicking accelerated Asn aging. In contrast, the hidden (962)NGR site can deamidate exclusively when aging occurs under oxidative conditions, suggesting that oxidation-induced structural changes foster deamidation at this site. NGR deamidation in Cp was associated with gain of integrin-binding function, intracellular signaling, and cell pro-adhesive activity. Finally, Cp aging in the CSF from Alzheimer disease patients, but not in control CSF, causes Cp deamidation with gain of integrin-binding function, suggesting that this transition might also occur in pathological conditions. In conclusion, both Cp NGR sites can deamidate during aging under oxidative conditions, likely as a consequence of oxidative-induced structural changes, thereby promoting a gain of function in integrin binding, signaling, and cell adhesion.
Collapse
|
29
|
Amyloid-β Inhibits Thrombospondin 1 Release From Cultured Astrocytes: Effects on Synaptic Protein Expression. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:735-44. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31829bd082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
30
|
Yang S, Roselli F, Patchev AV, Yu S, Almeida OFX. Non-receptor-tyrosine kinases integrate fast glucocorticoid signaling in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23725-39. [PMID: 23818519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous descriptions of rapid effects of corticosterone on neuronal function, the intracellular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain elusive. The present comprehensive analysis reveals that signaling from a membrane-located G protein-coupled receptor activates PKC, Akt/PKB, and PKA, which subsequently trigger the phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinases Pyk2, Src, and Abl. These changes induce rapid cytoskeletal rearrangements (increased PSD-95 co-clustering) within the post-synaptic density; these events are accompanied by increased surface NMDA receptor expression, reflecting corticosterone-induced inhibition of NMDA receptor endocytosis. Notably, none of these signaling mechanisms require de novo protein synthesis. The observed up-regulation of ERK1/2 (downstream of NMDA receptor signaling) together with the fact that c-Abl integrates cytoplasmic and nuclear functions introduces a potential mechanism through which rapid signaling initiated at the plasma membrane may eventually determine the long term integrated response to corticosterone by impacting on the transcriptional machinery that is regulated by classical, nuclear mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silei Yang
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ambjørn M, Dubreuil V, Miozzo F, Nigon F, Møller B, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Berg J, Lees M, Sap J. A loss-of-function screen for phosphatases that regulate neurite outgrowth identifies PTPN12 as a negative regulator of TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65371. [PMID: 23785422 PMCID: PMC3681791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in function of the neurotrophin BDNF are associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disorders. BDNF promotes axonal outgrowth and branching, regulates dendritic tree morphology and is important for axonal regeneration after injury, responses that largely result from activation of its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. Although intracellular neurotrophin (NT) signaling presumably reflects the combined action of kinases and phosphatases, little is known about the contributions of the latter to TrkB regulation. The issue is complicated by the fact that phosphatases belong to multiple independently evolved families, which are rarely studied together. We undertook a loss-of-function RNA-interference-based screen of virtually all known (254) human phosphatases to understand their function in BDNF/TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. This approach identified phosphatases from diverse families, which either positively or negatively modulate BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth, and most of which have little or no previously established function related to NT signaling. “Classical” protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) accounted for 13% of the candidate regulatory phosphatases. The top classical PTP identified as a negative regulator of BDNF-TrkB-mediated neurite outgrowth was PTPN12 (also called PTP-PEST). Validation and follow-up studies showed that endogenous PTPN12 antagonizes tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkB itself, and the downstream activation of ERK1/2. We also found PTPN12 to negatively regulate phosphorylation of p130cas and FAK, proteins with previously described functions related to cell motility and growth cone behavior. Our data provide the first comprehensive survey of phosphatase function in NT signaling and neurite outgrowth. They reveal the complexity of phosphatase control, with several evolutionarily unrelated phosphatase families cooperating to affect this biological response, and hence the relevance of considering all phosphatase families when mining for potentially druggable targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene Ambjørn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Véronique Dubreuil
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Federico Miozzo
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Nigon
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bente Møller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Berg
- Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Lees
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Sap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Han HY, Zhang JP, Ji SQ, Liang QM, Kang HC, Tang RH, Zhu SQ, Xue Z. αν and β1 Integrins mediate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons via the FAK signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64839. [PMID: 23755149 PMCID: PMC3670848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
αν and β1 integrins mediate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons. We treated hippocampal neurons with 2.5 µg/mL 17E6 and 5 µg/mL ab58524, which are specific αν and β1 integrin antagonists, respectively, for 42 h prior to 10 µM Aβ treatment. Next, we employed small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a downstream target gene of integrins. The siRNAs were designed with a target sequence, an MOI of 10 and the addition of 5 µg/mL polybrene. Under these conditions, the neurons were transfected and the apoptosis of different cell types was detected. Moreover, we used real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses to detect the expression of FAK and ρFAK genes in different cell types and investigated the underlying mechanism and signal pathway by which αν and β1 integrins mediate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons. An MTT assay showed that both 17E6 and ab58524 significantly increased cell viability compared with the Aβ-treated neurons (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). However, this protective effect was markedly attenuated after transfection with silencing FAK (siFAK). Moreover, TUNEL immunostaining and flow cytometry indicated that both 17E6 and ab58524 significantly protected hippocampal neurons against apoptosis induced by Aβ (P<0.05) compared with the Aβ-treated cells. However, this protective effect was reversed with siFAK treatment. Both the gene and protein expression of FAK increased after Aβ treatment. Interestingly, as the gene and protein levels of FAK decreased, the ρFAK protein expression markedly increased. Furthermore, both the gene and protein expression of FAK and ρFAK were significantly diminished. Thus, we concluded that both αν and β1 integrins interfered with Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons and that this mechanism partially contributes to the activation of the Integrin-FAK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shan Dong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Su-Qiong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qi-Ming Liang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui-Cong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rong-Hua Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sui-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Amyloid β precursor protein as a molecular target for amyloid β--induced neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2525-37. [PMID: 23714735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A role of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is widely accepted. Significantly, abnormalities induced by aggregated Aβ have been linked to synaptic and neuritic degeneration, consistent with the "dying-back" pattern of degeneration that characterizes neurons affected in AD. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effect of aggregated Aβ remain elusive. In the last 2 decades, a variety of aggregated Aβ species have been identified and their toxic properties demonstrated in diverse experimental systems. Concurrently, specific Aβ assemblies have been shown to interact and misregulate a growing number of molecular effectors with diverse physiological functions. Such pleiotropic effects of aggregated Aβ posit a mayor challenge for the identification of the most cardinal Aβ effectors relevant to AD pathology. In this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence implicating amyloid β precursor protein (APP) as a molecular target for toxic Aβ assemblies. Based on a significant body of pathologic observations and experimental evidence, we propose a novel pathologic feed-forward mechanism linking Aβ aggregation to abnormalities in APP processing and function, which in turn would trigger the progressive loss of neuronal connectivity observed early in AD.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dutta B, Wallqvist A, Reifman J. PathNet: a tool for pathway analysis using topological information. SOURCE CODE FOR BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 7:10. [PMID: 23006764 PMCID: PMC3563509 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0473-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Identification of canonical pathways through enrichment of differentially expressed genes in a given pathway is a widely used method for interpreting gene lists generated from high-throughput experimental studies. However, most algorithms treat pathways as sets of genes, disregarding any inter- and intra-pathway connectivity information, and do not provide insights beyond identifying lists of pathways. Results We developed an algorithm (PathNet) that utilizes the connectivity information in canonical pathway descriptions to help identify study-relevant pathways and characterize non-obvious dependencies and connections among pathways using gene expression data. PathNet considers both the differential expression of genes and their pathway neighbors to strengthen the evidence that a pathway is implicated in the biological conditions characterizing the experiment. As an adjunct to this analysis, PathNet uses the connectivity of the differentially expressed genes among all pathways to score pathway contextual associations and statistically identify biological relations among pathways. In this study, we used PathNet to identify biologically relevant results in two Alzheimer’s disease microarray datasets, and compared its performance with existing methods. Importantly, PathNet identified de-regulation of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway as an important component in Alzheimer’s disease progression, despite the absence of this pathway in the standard enrichment analyses. Conclusions PathNet is a novel method for identifying enrichment and association between canonical pathways in the context of gene expression data. It takes into account topological information present in pathways to reveal biological information. PathNet is available as an R workspace image from
http://www.bhsai.org/downloads/pathnet/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Dutta
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U,S, Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Ft, Detrick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gupta A, Dey CS. PTEN, a widely known negative regulator of insulin/PI3K signaling, positively regulates neuronal insulin resistance. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3882-98. [PMID: 22875989 PMCID: PMC3459864 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid and protein tyrosine phosphatase, phosphatase and tension homologue (PTEN), is a widely known negative regulator of insulin/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Down-regulation of PTEN is thus widely documented to ameliorate insulin resistance in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipose. However, not much is known about its exact role in neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance. Moreover, alterations of PTEN in neuronal systems have led to discovery of several unexpected outcomes, including in the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is increasingly being recognized as a brain-specific form of diabetes. In addition, contrary to expectations, its neuron-specific deletion in mice resulted in development of diet-sensitive obesity. The present study shows that PTEN, paradoxically, positively regulates neuronal insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Its down-regulation exacerbates neuronal insulin resistance. The positive role of PTEN in neuronal insulin signaling is likely due to its protein phosphatase actions, which prevents the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the kinases critically involved in neuronal energy impairment and neurodegeneration. Results suggest that PTEN acting through FAK, the direct protein substrate of PTEN, prevents ERK activation. Our findings provide an explanation for unexpected outcomes reported earlier with PTEN alterations in neuronal systems and also suggest a novel molecular pathway linking neuronal insulin resistance and AD, the two pathophysiological states demonstrated to be closely linked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gupta A, Bisht B, Dey CS. Focal adhesion kinase negatively regulates neuronal insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1030-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Tohda C, Nakada R, Urano T, Okonogi A, Kuboyama T. Kamikihi-to (KKT) Rescues Axonal and Synaptic Degeneration Associated with Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, 5XFAD. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:641-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.602809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
38
|
Filamin-A and Myosin VI colocalize with fibrillary Tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and FTDP-17 brains. Brain Res 2010; 1345:182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Innocent N, Evans N, Hille C, Wonnacott S. Oligomerisation differentially affects the acute and chronic actions of amyloid-beta in vitro. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:343-52. [PMID: 20388522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Key neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta), disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis and neurodegeneration. However, the physical nature of the toxic Abeta species is controversial. Here, we examined the effect of aging on acute and chronic actions of Abeta peptides: changes in intracellular Ca(2+) and toxic responses, respectively. Acute application of Abeta(1-42) to PC12 cells potentiated KCl-evoked increases in Ca(2+), while chronic application decreased mitochondrial function with concomitant perturbation of membrane integrity and activation of apoptosis in PC12 cells, and reduced neurite length and synaptogenesis in rat cortical neurons. Both the acute and chronic effects of Abeta(1-42) were prevented by the anti-oligomerisation peptide D-KLVFFA, implicating oligomeric structures. The generation of a range of oligomeric species by aging Abeta(1-42) at 37 degrees C for different times was supported by thioflavin T fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. Abeta(1-42) aged for 24 h maximally potentiated KCl-evoked increases in Ca(2+), and this correlated with oligomers composed of 3-6 monomers, as judged by size exclusion filtration. Aging for 72 or 96 h, which generated fibrillar structures, was less efficacious. The Abeta(25-35) fragment that lacks the self-recognition element targeted by D-KLVFFA failed to potentiate KCl-evoked increases in Ca(2+). However, Abeta(25-35) was more efficacious than Abeta(1-42) at decreasing cellular functions when applied chronically. The acute and chronic effects of Abeta(1-42) also showed differential sensitivity to blockade of voltage operated Ca(2+) channels. These results suggest that the acute effects of Abeta(1-42) on Ca(2+) signals do not underpin the toxic responses measured, although both acute and chronic effects are promoted by small oligomeric species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal Innocent
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Caltagarone J, Hamilton RL, Murdoch G, Jing Z, DeFranco DB, Bowser R. Paxillin and hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 expression and distribution in control and Alzheimer disease hippocampi. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2010; 69:356-71. [PMID: 20448481 PMCID: PMC2869219 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3181d53d98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5) and paxillin are members of the Group III LIM domain protein family that localize to both cell nuclei and focal adhesions and link integrin-mediated signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. Prior in vitro studies have implicated paxillin in beta-amyloid-induced cell death, but little is known about the expression and function of Hic-5 and paxillin in the brain. We performed a blinded retrospective cross-sectional study of Hic-5 and paxillin expression in the hippocampi of Alzheimer disease (AD) and control subjects using immunohistochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The analysis included assessment of the expression of phosphorylated isoforms of paxillin that reflect activation of distinct signaling pathways. We found changes in the subcellular distribution of Hic-5, paxillin, and specific phosphorylated isoforms of paxillin in the AD brains. The Hic-5 and phosphorylated isoforms of paxillin colocalized with neurofibrillary tangles. Paxillin was predominantly found in reactive astrocytes in the AD hippocampi, and activated paxillin was also detected in granulovacuolar degeneration bodies in AD. These data indicate that these important scaffolding proteins that link various intracellular signaling pathways to the extracellular matrix are modified and have altered subcellular distribution in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Caltagarone
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu YX, Wang HQ, Yan J, Sun XB, Guo JC, Zhu CQ. Antibody binding to cell surface amyloid precursor protein induces neuronal injury by deregulating the phosphorylation of focal adhesion signaling related proteins. Neurosci Lett 2009; 465:276-81. [PMID: 19766167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The biological function of full-length amyloid-beta protein precursor (APP), the precursor of Abeta, is not fully understood. Mounting studies reported that antibody binding to cell surface APP causes neuronal injury. However, the mechanism of cell surface APP mediating neuronal injury remains to be determined. Colocalization of APP with integrin on cell surface leads us to suppose that focal adhesion (FA) related mechanism is involved in surface APP-mediated neuronal injury. In the present study, results demonstrated that primary cultured neurons treated with antibody against APP-N-terminal not only caused neuronal injury and aberrant morphologic changes of neurite, but also induced reaction of FA proteins appearing an acute increase then decrease pattern. Moreover, the elevation of tyrosine phosphorylation of FA proteins including paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and down-regulated expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) induced by APP antibody were prevented by inhibitor of Src protein kinases 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7(t-butyl) pyrazol (3,4-D) pyramide (PP2) and G protein inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX), implying that Src family kinase and G protein play roles in APP-induced FA signals. In addition, pretreatment with PTX and PP2 was able to suppress APP-antibody induced neuronal injury. Taken together, the results suggest a novel mechanism for APP mediating neuronal injury through deregulating FA signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sanchez-Ortiz E, Hahm BK, Armstrong DL, Rossie S. Protein phosphatase 5 protects neurons against amyloid-beta toxicity. J Neurochem 2009; 111:391-402. [PMID: 19686245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Abeta) is thought to promote neuronal cell loss in Alzheimer's disease, in part through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase which has been implicated in several cell stress response pathways and shown to inactivate MAPK pathways through key dephosphorylation events. Therefore, we examined whether PP5 protects dissociated embryonic rat cortical neurons in vitro from cell death evoked by Abeta. As predicted, neurons in which PP5 expression was decreased by small-interfering RNA treatment were more susceptible to Abeta toxicity. In contrast, over-expression of PP5, but not the inactive mutant, PP5(H304Q), prevented MAPK phosphorylation and neurotoxicity induced by Abeta. PP5 also prevented cell death caused by direct treatment with H(2)O(2), but did not prevent Abeta-induced production of ROS. Thus, the neuroprotective effect of PP5 requires its phosphatase activity and lies downstream of Abeta-induced generation of ROS. In summary, our data indicate that PP5 plays a pivotal neuroprotective role against cell death induced by Abeta and oxidative stress. Consequently, PP5 might be an effective therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in which oxidative stress is implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bamburg JR, Bloom GS. Cytoskeletal pathologies of Alzheimer disease. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 2009; 66:635-49. [PMID: 19479823 PMCID: PMC2754410 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease are the extracellular amyloid plaques, composed principally of the amyloid beta peptide, and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, composed of paired helical filaments of the microtubule-associated protein, tau. Other histopathological structures involving actin and the actin-binding protein, cofilin, have more recently been recognized. Here we review new findings about these cytoskeletal pathologies, and, emphasize how plaques, tangles, the actin-containing inclusions and their respective building blocks may contribute to Alzheimer pathogenesis and the primary behavioral symptoms of the disease. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Desai MK, Sudol KL, Janelsins MC, Mastrangelo MA, Frazer ME, Bowers WJ. Triple-transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice exhibit region-specific abnormalities in brain myelination patterns prior to appearance of amyloid and tau pathology. Glia 2009; 57:54-65. [PMID: 18661556 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating brain disorder pathologically defined by extracellular amyloid plaques, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic disintegrity. AD has not been widely considered a disease of white matter, but more recent evidence suggests the existence of abnormalities in myelination patterns and myelin attrition in AD-afflicted human brains. Herein, we demonstrate that triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice, which harbor the human amyloid precursor protein Swedish mutant transgene, presenilin knock-in mutation, and tau P301L mutant transgene, exhibit significant region-specific alterations in myelination patterns and in oligodendrocyte marker expression profiles at time points preceding the appearance of amyloid and tau pathology. These immunohistochemical signatures are coincident with age-related alterations in axonal and myelin sheath ultrastructure as visualized by comparative electron microscopic examination of 3xTg-AD and nontransgenic mouse brain tissue. Overall, these findings indicate that 3xTg-AD mice represent a viable model in which to examine mechanisms underlying AD-related myelination and neural transmission defects that occur early during presymptomatic stages of the disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya K Desai
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tohda C, Naito R, Joyashiki E. Kihi-to, a herbal traditional medicine, improves Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses. Altern Ther Health Med 2008; 8:49. [PMID: 18706097 PMCID: PMC2532680 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously hypothesized that achievement of recovery of brain function after the injury requires the reconstruction of neuronal networks, including neurite regeneration and synapse reformation. Kihi-to is composed of twelve crude drugs, some of which have already been shown to possess neurite extension properties in our previous studies. The effect of Kihi-to on memory deficit has not been examined. Thus, the goal of the present study is to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of Kihi-to on memory, neurite growth and synapse reconstruction. METHODS Effects of Kihi-to, a traditional Japanese-Chinese traditional medicine, on memory deficits and losses of neurites and synapses were examined using Alzheimer's disease model mice. Improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced neuritic atrophy by Kihi-to and the mechanism were investigated in cultured cortical neurons. RESULTS Administration of Kihi-to for consecutive 3 days resulted in marked improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced impairments in memory acquisition, memory retention, and object recognition memory in mice. Immunohistochemical comparisons suggested that Kihi-to attenuated neuritic, synaptic and myelin losses in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Kihi-to also attenuated the calpain increase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. When Kihi-to was added to cells 4 days after Abeta(25-35) treatment, axonal and dendritic outgrowths in cultured cortical neurons were restored as demonstrated by extended lengths of phosphorylated neurofilament-H (P-NF-H) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2-positive neurites. Abeta(25-35)-induced cell death in cortical culture was also markedly inhibited by Kihi-to. Since NF-H, MAP2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) are substrates of calpain, and calpain is known to be involved in Abeta-induced axonal atrophy, expression levels of calpain and calpastatin were measured. Treatment with Kihi-to inhibited the Abeta(25-35)-evoked increase in the calpain level and decrease in the calpastatin level. In addition, Kihi-to inhibited Abeta(25-35)-induced calcium entry. CONCLUSION In conclusion Kihi-to clearly improved the memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses.
Collapse
|
46
|
Neurotoxic effect of oligomeric and fibrillar species of amyloid-beta peptide 1-42: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum calcium release in oligomer-induced cell death. Neuroscience 2008; 155:725-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Frasca G, Carbonaro V, Merlo S, Copani A, Sortino MA. Integrins mediate beta-amyloid-induced cell-cycle activation and neuronal death. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:350-5. [PMID: 17828768 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Early intracellular events responsible for cell-cycle induction by beta-amyloid (A beta) in neurons have not been identified yet. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) have been identified in this pathway, and inhibition of ERK activity prevents cell-cycle activation and reduces neuronal death induced by A beta. To identify upstream events responsible for ERK activation, attention has been focused on integrins. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells, differentiated by long-term exposure to 10 microM retinoic acid with a neutralizing anti-alpha1-integrin antibody significantly reduced A beta-induced neuronal death. However, cell-cycle analysis showed that treatment with anti-alpha1-integrin per se produced changes in the distribution of cell populations, thus hampering any effect on A beta-induced cell-cycle activation. 4-Amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7(t-butyl)pyrazol(3,4-D)pyramide, an inhibitor of src protein kinases that colocalizes with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and is involved in integrin signaling, was effective in reducing activation of the cell cycle and preventing induction of neuronal death by A beta while inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Similar results were obtained when FAK expression was down-regulated by siRNA silencing. The present study identifies a sequence of early events in the toxic effect of A beta in neuronal cultures that involves interaction with integrins, activation of FAK/src, enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and induction of the cell cycle, all leading to neuronal death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Frasca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Influence of Integrin-blocking Peptide on Gadolinium- and Hypertonic Shrinking-induced Neurotransmitter Release in Rat Brain Synaptosomes. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:1316-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Deshpande A, Win KM, Busciglio J. Tau isoform expression and regulation in human cortical neurons. FASEB J 2008; 22:2357-67. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-096909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Deshpande
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Brain Aging and DementiaUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine CaliforniaUSA
| | - Khin May Win
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Brain Aging and DementiaUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine CaliforniaUSA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Brain Aging and DementiaUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine CaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Synaptic memory mechanisms: Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-peptide-induced dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2008; 35:1219-23. [PMID: 17956317 DOI: 10.1042/bst0351219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that mild cognitive impairment in early AD (Alzheimer's disease) may be due to synaptic dysfunction caused by the accumulation of non-fibrillar, oligomeric Abeta (amyloid beta-peptide), long before widespread synaptic loss and neurodegeneration occurs. Soluble Abeta oligomers can rapidly disrupt synaptic memory mechanisms at extremely low concentrations via stress-activated kinases and oxidative/nitrosative stress mediators. Here, we summarize experiments that investigated whether certain putative receptors for Abeta, the alphav integrin extracellular cell matrix-binding protein and the cytokine TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha) type-1 death receptor mediate Abeta oligomer-induced inhibition of LTP (long-term potentiation). Ligands that neutralize TNFalpha or genetic knockout of TNF-R1s (type-1 TNFalpha receptors) prevented Abeta-triggered inhibition of LTP in hippocampal slices. Similarly, antibodies to alphav-containing integrins abrogated LTP block by Abeta. Protection against the synaptic plasticity-disruptive effects of soluble Abeta was also achieved using systemically administered small molecules targeting these mechanisms in vivo. Taken together, this research lends support to therapeutic trials of drugs antagonizing synaptic plasticity-disrupting actions of Abeta oligomers in preclinical AD.
Collapse
|