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Rozalem Aranha M, Iulita MF, Montal V, Pegueroles J, Bejanin A, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Grothe MJ, Carmona-Iragui M, Videla L, Benejam B, Arranz J, Padilla C, Valldeneu S, Barroeta I, Altuna M, Fernández S, Ribas L, Valle-Tamayo N, Alcolea D, González-Ortiz S, Bargalló N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Blesa R, Wisniewski T, Busciglio J, Cuello AC, Lleó A, Fortea J. Basal forebrain atrophy along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in adults with Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4817-4827. [PMID: 37021589 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal forebrain (BF) degeneration occurs in Down syndrome (DS)-associated Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamics of BF atrophy with age and disease progression, its impact on cognition, and its relationship with AD biomarkers have not been studied in DS. METHODS We included 234 adults with DS (150 asymptomatic, 38 prodromal AD, and 46 AD dementia) and 147 euploid controls. BF volumes were extracted from T-weighted magnetic resonance images using a stereotactic atlas in SPM12. We assessed BF volume changes with age and along the clinical AD continuum and their relationship to cognitive performance, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and hippocampal volume. RESULTS In DS, BF volumes decreased with age and along the clinical AD continuum and significantly correlated with amyloid, tau, and neurofilament light chain changes in CSF and plasma, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance. DISCUSSION BF atrophy is a potentially valuable neuroimaging biomarker of AD-related cholinergic neurodegeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Rozalem Aranha
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Florencia Iulita
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Montal
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Videla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bessy Benejam
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción Padilla
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Valldeneu
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Altuna
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ribas
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Valle-Tamayo
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía González-Ortiz
- Hospital del Mar - Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Diagnostic Image Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Diagnostic Image Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, China, Hong Kong
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry and Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Facultad de Medicina - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Hamlett ED, Flores-Aguilar L, Handen B, Potier MC, Granholm AC, Sherman S, Puig V, Santoro JD, Carmona-Iragui M, Rebillat AS, Head E, Strydom A, Busciglio J. Innovating Therapies for Down Syndrome: An International Virtual Conference of the T21 Research Society. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:89-100. [PMID: 37064334 PMCID: PMC10090974 DOI: 10.1159/000526021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research focused on Down syndrome continued to gain momentum in the last several years and is advancing our understanding of how trisomy 21 (T21) modifies molecular and cellular processes. The Trisomy 21 Research Society (T21RS) is the premier scientific organization for researchers and clinicians studying Down syndrome. During the COVID pandemic, T21RS held its first virtual conference program, sponsored by the University of California at Irvine, on June 8-10, 2021 and brought together 342 scientists, families, and industry representatives from over 25 countries to share the latest discoveries on underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of T21, cognitive and behavioral changes, and comorbidities associated with Down syndrome, including Alzheimer's disease and Regression Disorder. Presentations of 91 cutting-edge abstracts reflecting neuroscience, neurology, model systems, psychology, biomarkers, and molecular and pharmacological therapeutic approaches demonstrate the compelling interest and continuing advancement toward innovating biomarkers and therapies aimed at ameliorating health conditions associated with T21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Hamlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisi Flores-Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Sherman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria Puig
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan D. Santoro
- Neurological Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Hospital de la Santa Crue I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - André Strydom
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Neurobiology and Behavior School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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3
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Vogler EC, Mahavongtrakul M, Sarkan K, Bohannan RC, Catuara-Solarz S, Busciglio J. Genetic removal of synaptic Zn 2+ impairs cognition, alters neurotrophic signaling and induces neuronal hyperactivity. Front Neurol 2023; 13:882635. [PMID: 36742045 PMCID: PMC9895830 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.882635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular Zn2+ (zinc) is released at synapses and has been demonstrated to modulate neuronal responses. However, mechanisms through which dysregulation of zinc homeostasis may potentiate neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration are not well-understood. We previously reported that accumulation of soluble amyloid beta oligomers (AβO) at synapses correlates with synaptic loss and that AβO localization at synapses is regulated by synaptic activity and enhanced by the release of vesicular Zn2+ in the hippocampus, a brain region that deteriorates early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Significantly, drugs regulating zinc homeostasis inhibit AβO accumulation and improve cognition in mouse models of AD. We used both sexes of a transgenic mouse model lacking synaptic Zn2+ (ZnT3KO) that develops AD-like cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration to study the effects of disruption of Zn2+ modulation of neurotransmission in cognition, protein expression and activation, and neuronal excitability. Here we report that the genetic removal of synaptic Zn2+ results in progressive impairment of hippocampal-dependent memory, reduces activity-dependent increase in Erk phosphorylation and BDNF mRNA, alters regulation of Erk activation by NMDAR subunits, increases neuronal spiking, and induces biochemical and morphological alterations consistent with increasing epileptiform activity and neurodegeneration as ZnT3KO mice age. Our study shows that disruption of synaptic Zn2+ triggers neurodegenerative processes and is a potential pathway through which AβO trigger altered expression of neurotrophic proteins, along with reduced hippocampal synaptic density and degenerating neurons, neuronal spiking activity, and cognitive impairment and supports efforts to develop therapeutics to preserve synaptic zinc homeostasis in the brain as potential treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Vogler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Mahavongtrakul
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kristianna Sarkan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ryan C. Bohannan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Silvina Catuara-Solarz
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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4
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Yeo M, Chen Y, Jiang C, Chen G, Wang K, Chandra S, Bortsov A, Lioudyno M, Zeng Q, Wang P, Wang Z, Busciglio J, Ji RR, Liedtke W. Repurposing cancer drugs identifies kenpaullone which ameliorates pathologic pain in preclinical models via normalization of inhibitory neurotransmission. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6208. [PMID: 34707084 PMCID: PMC8551327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory GABA-ergic neurotransmission is fundamental for the adult vertebrate central nervous system and requires low chloride concentration in neurons, maintained by KCC2, a neuroprotective ion transporter that extrudes intracellular neuronal chloride. To identify Kcc2 gene expression‑enhancing compounds, we screened 1057 cell growth-regulating compounds in cultured primary cortical neurons. We identified kenpaullone (KP), which enhanced Kcc2/KCC2 expression and function in cultured rodent and human neurons by inhibiting GSK3ß. KP effectively reduced pathologic pain-like behavior in mouse models of nerve injury and bone cancer. In a nerve-injury pain model, KP restored Kcc2 expression and GABA-evoked chloride reversal potential in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Delta-catenin, a phosphorylation-target of GSK3ß in neurons, activated the Kcc2 promoter via KAISO transcription factor. Transient spinal over-expression of delta-catenin mimicked KP analgesia. Our findings of a newly repurposed compound and a novel, genetically-encoded mechanism that each enhance Kcc2 gene expression enable us to re-normalize disrupted inhibitory neurotransmission through genetic re-programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Yeo
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrey Bortsov
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Lioudyno
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Neurology Clinics for Headache, Head-Pain and Trigeminal Sensory Disorders, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Anesthesiology Clinics for Innovative Pain Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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5
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Dierssen M, Herault Y, Helguera P, Martínez de Lagran M, Vazquez A, Christian B, Carmona-Iragui M, Wiseman F, Mobley W, Fisher EMC, Brault V, Esbensen A, Jacola LM, Potier MC, Hamlett ED, Abbeduto L, Del Hoyo Soriano L, Busciglio J, Iulita MF, Crispino J, Malinge S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Costanzo F, Delabar JM, Bartesaghi R, Dekker AD, De Deyn P, Fortea Ormaechea J, Shaw PA, Haydar TF, Sherman SL, Strydom A, Bhattacharyya A. Building the Future Therapies for Down Syndrome: The Third International Conference of the T21 Research Society. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:202-218. [PMID: 34421499 DOI: 10.1159/000514437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research focused on Down syndrome has increased in the last several years to advance understanding of the consequences of trisomy 21 (T21) on molecular and cellular processes and, ultimately, on individuals with Down syndrome. The Trisomy 21 Research Society (T21RS) is the premier scientific organization for researchers and clinicians studying Down syndrome. The Third International Conference of T21RS, held June 6-9, 2019, in Barcelona, Spain, brought together 429 scientists, families, and industry representatives to share the latest discoveries on underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of T21, define cognitive and behavioral challenges and better understand comorbidities associated with Down syndrome, including Alzheimer's disease and leukemia. Presentation of cutting-edge results in neuroscience, neurology, model systems, psychology, cancer, biomarkers and molecular and phar-ma-cological therapeutic approaches demonstrate the compelling interest and continuing advancement in all aspects of understanding and ameliorating conditions associated with T21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pablo Helguera
- Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Martínez de Lagran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vazquez
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bradley Christian
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frances Wiseman
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Mobley
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Veronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Esbensen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa M Jacola
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marie Claude Potier
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225 - INSERM U1127 - UPMC Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Eric D Hamlett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sébastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Institute - Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jean Maurice Delabar
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225 - INSERM U1127 - UPMC Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain D Dekker
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Deyn
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Juan Fortea Ormaechea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Flores-Aguilar L, Iulita MF, Kovecses O, Torres MD, Levi SM, Zhang Y, Askenazi M, Wisniewski T, Busciglio J, Cuello AC. Evolution of neuroinflammation across the lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome. Brain 2021; 143:3653-3671. [PMID: 33206953 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that a disease-aggravating neuroinflammatory process is present at preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. Given that individuals with Down syndrome are at increased genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease and therefore develop the spectrum of Alzheimer's neuropathology in a uniform manner, they constitute an important population to study the evolution of neuroinflammation across the Alzheimer's continuum. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we characterized the brain inflammatory profile across the lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome. Microglial morphology and inflammatory cytokine expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry and electrochemiluminescent-based immunoassays in the frontal cortex from foetuses to adults with Down syndrome and control subjects (16 gestational weeks to 64 years), totalling 127 cases. Cytokine expression in mixed foetal primary cultures and hippocampus of adults with Down syndrome, as well as the effects of sex on cytokine expression were also analysed. A higher microglial soma size-to-process length ratio was observed in the frontal cortex of children and young adults with Down syndrome before the development of full-blown Alzheimer's pathology. Moreover, young adults with Down syndrome also displayed increased numbers of rod-like microglia. Increased levels of interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 were observed in children with Down syndrome (1-10 years; Down syndrome n = 5, controls n = 10) and higher levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-15, eotaxin-3, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, macrophage-derived chemokine, and macrophage inflammatory protein-beta, were found in young adults with Down syndrome compared to euploid cases (13-25 years, Down syndrome n = 6, controls n = 24). Increased cytokine expression was also found in the conditioned media of mixed cortical primary cultures from second trimester foetuses with Down syndrome (Down syndrome n = 7, controls n = 7). Older adults with Down syndrome (39-68 years, Down syndrome n = 22, controls n = 16) displayed reduced levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-12p40, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Microglia displayed larger somas and shorter processes. Moreover, an increase in dystrophic microglia and rod-like microglia aligning to neurons harbouring tau pathology were also observed. Sex stratification analyses revealed that females with Down syndrome had increased interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels compared to males with Down syndrome. Finally, multivariate projection methods identified specific cytokine patterns among individuals with Down syndrome. Our findings indicate the presence of an early and evolving neuroinflammatory phenotype across the lifespan in Down syndrome, a knowledge that is relevant for the discovery of stage-specific targets and for the design of possible anti-inflammatory trials against Alzheimer's disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Florencia Iulita
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Alzheimer-Down Unit, Fundación Catalana Síndrome de Down, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Kovecses
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria D Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, UCI-MIND Institute, and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Sarah M Levi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology, and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, UCI-MIND Institute, and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Visiting Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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7
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Hwang S, Williams JF, Kneissig M, Lioudyno M, Rivera I, Helguera P, Busciglio J, Storchova Z, King MC, Torres EM. Suppressing Aneuploidy-Associated Phenotypes Improves the Fitness of Trisomy 21 Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2473-2488.e5. [PMID: 31747614 PMCID: PMC6886690 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An abnormal number of chromosomes, or aneuploidy, accounts for most spontaneous abortions, causes developmental defects, and is associated with aging and cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which aneuploidy disrupts cellular function remain largely unknown. Here, we show that aneuploidy disrupts the morphology of the nucleus. Mutations that increase the levels of long-chain bases suppress nuclear abnormalities of aneuploid yeast independent of karyotype identity. Quantitative lipidomics indicates that long-chain bases are integral components of the nuclear membrane in yeast. Cells isolated from patients with Down syndrome also show that abnormal nuclear morphologies and increases in long-chain bases not only suppress these abnormalities but also improve their fitness. We obtained similar results with cells isolated from patients with Patau or Edward syndrome, indicating that increases in long-chain bases improve the fitness of aneuploid cells in yeast and humans. Targeting lipid biosynthesis pathways represents an important strategy to suppress nuclear abnormalities in aneuploidy-associated diseases. The cellular defects associated with aneuploidy are not well defined. Hwang et al. show that aneuploid yeast and human cells have abnormal nuclear morphology. Targeting ceramide synthesis suppresses nuclear abnormalities and improves the proliferation of aneuploid cells, including cells isolated from patients with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Hwang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jessica F Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Maja Kneissig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Maria Lioudyno
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Isabel Rivera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pablo Helguera
- Instituto de Investigacion Medica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Friuli 2434, Cordoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eduardo M Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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8
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Reeves RH, Delabar J, Potier MC, Bhattacharyya A, Head E, Lemere C, Dekker AD, De Deyn P, Caviedes P, Dierssen M, Busciglio J. Paving the Way for Therapy: The Second International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:279-286. [PMID: 30800043 DOI: 10.1159/000494231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a number of important research advances in different fields have allowed Down syndrome (DS) research to flourish, creating a time of both unparalleled opportunity and considerable challenge. Building a scientific framework that distills mechanisms involved in the developmental intellectual disability of DS as well as the early-onset component of Alzheimer disease and the several other comorbidities associated with the condition is a challenge that scientists are now tackling using novel technologies and multidisciplinary approaches. The Trisomy 21 Research Society (T21RS) was founded in 2014 to address these evolving needs and challenges. In June of 2017, the T21RS held its 2nd International Conference in Chicago, USA. With more than 200 scientists, advocates, people with DS, and family members in attendance, the meeting served as a forum for the discussion of the latest research and clinical advances as well as the most compelling needs of people with DS and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Reeves
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Alain D Dekker
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Deyn
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Zamponi E, Zamponi N, Coskun P, Quassollo G, Lorenzo A, Cannas SA, Pigino G, Chialvo DR, Gardiner K, Busciglio J, Helguera P. Nrf2 stabilization prevents critical oxidative damage in Down syndrome cells. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12812. [PMID: 30028071 PMCID: PMC6156351 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates chronic oxidative stress as a critical driver of the aging process. Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a complex phenotype, including early senescence. DS cells display increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial structural and metabolic dysfunction, which are counterbalanced by sustained Nrf2-mediated transcription of cellular antioxidant response elements (ARE). Here, we show that caspase 3/PKCδdependent activation of the Nrf2 pathway in DS and Dp16 (a mouse model of DS) cells is necessary to protect against chronic oxidative damage and to preserve cellular functionality. Mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) significantly reduced oxidative stress, restored mitochondrial structure and function, normalized replicative and wound healing capacity, and rendered the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response dispensable. These results highlight the critical role of Nrf2/ARE in the maintenance of DS cell homeostasis and validate mitochondrial-specific interventions as a key aspect of antioxidant and antiaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Zamponi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Nahuel Zamponi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - Pinar Coskun
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Alfredo Lorenzo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Sergio A. Cannas
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG‐CONICET)FAMAFyC, UNCCordobaArgentina
| | - Gustavo Pigino
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | - Dante R. Chialvo
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences (CEMSC3)UNSAMSan MartinArgentina
| | - Katheleen Gardiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAuroraColorado
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Pablo Helguera
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín FerreyraINIMEC‐CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
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10
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Coskun P, Helguera P, Nemati Z, Bohannan RC, Thomas J, Samuel SE, Argueta J, Doran E, Wallace DC, Lott IT, Busciglio J. Metabolic and Growth Rate Alterations in Lymphoblastic Cell Lines Discriminate Between Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:737-748. [PMID: 27802222 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and these alterations in mitochondria occur systemically in both conditions. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that peripheral cells of elder subjects with DS exhibit disease-specific and dementia-specific metabolic features. To test this, we performed a comprehensive analysis of energy metabolism in lymphoblastic-cell-lines (LCLs) derived from subjects belonging to four groups: DS-with-dementia (DSAD), DS-without-dementia (DS), sporadic AD, and age-matched controls. METHODS LCLs were studied under regular or minimal feeding regimes with galactose or glucose as primary carbohydrate sources. We assessed metabolism under glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation by quantifying cell viability, oxidative stress, ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial calcium uptake, and autophagy. RESULTS DS and DSAD LCLs showed slower growth rates under minimal feeding. DS LCLs mainly dependent on mitochondrial respiration exhibited significantly slower growth and higher levels of oxidative stress compared to other groups. While ATP levels (under mitochondrial inhibitors) and mitochondrial calcium uptake were significantly reduced in DSAD and AD cells, MMP was decreased in DS, DSAD, and AD LCLs. Finally, DS LCLs showed markedly reduced levels of the autophagy marker LC3-II, underscoring the close association between metabolic dysfunction and impaired autophagy in DS. CONCLUSION There are significant mitochondrial functional changes in LCLs derived from DS, DSAD, and AD patients. Several parameters analyzed were consistently different between DS, DSAD, and AD lines suggesting that metabolic indicators between LCL groups may be utilized as biomarkers of disease progression and/or treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Coskun
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Helguera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, Córdoba, Argentina, USA
| | - Zahra Nemati
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Bohannan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jean Thomas
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Schriner E Samuel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Argueta
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric Doran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine (CMEM), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ira T Lott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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11
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Torres MD, Garcia O, Tang C, Busciglio J. Dendritic spine pathology and thrombospondin-1 deficits in Down syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:10-14. [PMID: 28965914 PMCID: PMC7185223 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal dendritic spine structure and function is one of the most prominent features associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including Down syndrome (DS). Defects in both spine morphology and spine density may underlie alterations in neuronal and synaptic plasticity, ultimately affecting cognitive ability. Here we briefly examine the role of astrocytes in spine alterations and more specifically the involvement of astrocyte-secreted thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) deficits in spine and synaptic pathology in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Octavio Garcia
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cindy Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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12
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Delabar JM, Allinquant B, Bianchi D, Blumenthal T, Dekker A, Edgin J, O'Bryan J, Dierssen M, Potier MC, Wiseman F, Guedj F, Créau N, Reeves R, Gardiner K, Busciglio J. Changing Paradigms in Down Syndrome: The First International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:251-261. [PMID: 27867340 DOI: 10.1159/000449049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) in humans with an incidence of ∼1:1,000 live births worldwide. It is caused by the presence of an extra copy of all or a segment of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). People with DS present with a constellation of phenotypic alterations involving most organs and organ systems. ID is present in all people with DS, albeit with variable severity. DS is also the most frequent genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ∼50% of those with DS will develop AD-related dementia. In the last few years, significant progress has been made in understanding the crucial genotype-phenotype relationships in DS, in identifying the alterations in molecular pathways leading to the various clinical conditions present in DS, and in preclinical evaluations of potential therapies to improve the overall health and well-being of individuals with DS. In June 2015, 230 scientists, advocates, patients, and family members met in Paris for the 1st International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society. Here, we report some of the most relevant presentations that took place during the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Maurice Delabar
- Brain and Spine Institute, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Tom Blumenthal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., USA
| | - Alain Dekker
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Edgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - John O'Bryan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Créau
- Brain and Spine Institute, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Roger Reeves
- John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | | | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, Calif., USA
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13
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Peiris H, Duffield MD, Fadista J, Jessup CF, Kashmir V, Genders AJ, McGee SL, Martin AM, Saiedi M, Morton N, Carter R, Cousin MA, Kokotos AC, Oskolkov N, Volkov P, Hough TA, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Busciglio J, Coskun PE, Becker A, Belichenko PV, Mobley WC, Ryan MT, Chan JY, Laybutt DR, Coates PT, Yang S, Ling C, Groop L, Pritchard MA, Keating DJ. A Syntenic Cross Species Aneuploidy Genetic Screen Links RCAN1 Expression to β-Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006033. [PMID: 27195491 PMCID: PMC4873152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease associated with obesity, insulin resistance and hypoinsulinemia due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Reduced mitochondrial function is thought to be central to β-cell dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced insulin secretion are also observed in β-cells of humans with the most common human genetic disorder, Down syndrome (DS, Trisomy 21). To identify regions of chromosome 21 that may be associated with perturbed glucose homeostasis we profiled the glycaemic status of different DS mouse models. The Ts65Dn and Dp16 DS mouse lines were hyperglycemic, while Tc1 and Ts1Rhr mice were not, providing us with a region of chromosome 21 containing genes that cause hyperglycemia. We then examined whether any of these genes were upregulated in a set of ~5,000 gene expression changes we had identified in a large gene expression analysis of human T2D β-cells. This approach produced a single gene, RCAN1, as a candidate gene linking hyperglycemia and functional changes in T2D β-cells. Further investigations demonstrated that RCAN1 methylation is reduced in human T2D islets at multiple sites, correlating with increased expression. RCAN1 protein expression was also increased in db/db mouse islets and in human and mouse islets exposed to high glucose. Mice overexpressing RCAN1 had reduced in vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and their β-cells displayed mitochondrial dysfunction including hyperpolarised membrane potential, reduced oxidative phosphorylation and low ATP production. This lack of β-cell ATP had functional consequences by negatively affecting both glucose-stimulated membrane depolarisation and ATP-dependent insulin granule exocytosis. Thus, from amongst the myriad of gene expression changes occurring in T2D β-cells where we had little knowledge of which changes cause β-cell dysfunction, we applied a trisomy 21 screening approach which linked RCAN1 to β-cell mitochondrial dysfunction in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Peiris
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D. Duffield
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Claire F. Jessup
- Islet Biology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vinder Kashmir
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Genders
- Metabolic Remodelling Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sean L. McGee
- Metabolic Remodelling Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alyce M. Martin
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Madiha Saiedi
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas Morton
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick Carter
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros C. Kokotos
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Petr Volkov
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tertius A. Hough
- Mary Lyon Centre Pathology, MRC Harwell, Harwell Oxford Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor L. J. Tybulewicz
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Pinar E. Coskun
- Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Pavel V. Belichenko
- Department of Neurosciences School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeng Yie Chan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D. Ross Laybutt
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P. Toby Coates
- Clinical and Experimental Transplantation Group, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sijun Yang
- Animal Experiment Center, Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Melanie A. Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien J. Keating
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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14
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Potier M, Janel N, Bottlaender M, Corlier F, Corne H, Cruz de Souza L, Lamari F, Blehaut H, Hindie V, Rain JC, Arbones M, Paul JL, Coskun P, Lott I, Busciglio J, Sarazin M, Delabar J. P2‐008: DYRK1A: A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IDENTIFIED IN PLASMA AND LCLS FROM AD AND DS. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pinar Coskun
- Univ. of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Ira Lott
- University of California IrvineOrangeCaliforniaUnited States
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15
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Vogler EC, Busciglio J. Disruption of Zinc Neuromodulation by Aß Oligomers : Therapeutic Implications. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:2520-4. [DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California- Irvine, Irvine, California 92697.
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Iulita MF, Do Carmo S, Ower AK, Fortress AM, Flores Aguilar L, Hanna M, Wisniewski T, Granholm AC, Buhusi M, Busciglio J, Cuello AC. Nerve growth factor metabolic dysfunction in Down's syndrome brains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:860-72. [PMID: 24519975 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons play a key role in cognition. This neuronal system is highly dependent on NGF for its synaptic integrity and the phenotypic maintenance of its cell bodies. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons progressively degenerate in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, and their atrophy contributes to the manifestation of dementia. Paradoxically, in Alzheimer's disease brains, the synthesis of NGF is not affected and there is abundance of the NGF precursor, proNGF. We have shown that this phenomenon is the result of a deficit in NGF's extracellular metabolism that compromises proNGF maturation and exacerbates its subsequent degradation. We hypothesized that a similar imbalance should be present in Down's syndrome. Using a combination of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and zymography, we investigated signs of NGF metabolic dysfunction in post-mortem brains from the temporal (n = 14), frontal (n = 34) and parietal (n = 20) cortex obtained from subjects with Down's syndrome and age-matched controls (age range 31-68 years). We further examined primary cultures of human foetal Down's syndrome cortex (17-21 gestational age weeks) and brains from Ts65Dn mice (12-22 months), a widely used animal model of Down's syndrome. We report a significant increase in proNGF levels in human and mouse Down's syndrome brains, with a concomitant reduction in the levels of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator messenger RNA as well as an increment in neuroserpin expression; enzymes that partake in proNGF maturation. Human Down's syndrome brains also exhibited elevated zymogenic activity of MMP9, the major NGF-degrading protease. Our results indicate a failure in NGF precursor maturation in Down's syndrome brains and a likely enhanced proteolytic degradation of NGF, changes which can compromise the trophic support of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. The alterations in proNGF and MMP9 were also present in cultures of Down's syndrome foetal cortex; suggesting that this trophic compromise may be amenable to rescue, before frank dementia onset. Our study thus provides a novel paradigm for cholinergic neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Iulita
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Sir-William-Osler Promenade, Montreal, H3G1Y6, Canada
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Coskun PE, Nemantinejad Z, Schwarts PH, Brick DJ, Busciglio J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism fibroblasts. Mitochondrion 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Sosa LJ, Postma NL, Estrada-Bernal A, Hanna M, Guo R, Busciglio J, Pfenninger KH. Dosage of amyloid precursor protein affects axonal contact guidance in Down syndrome. FASEB J 2013; 28:195-205. [PMID: 24036883 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), encoded on Hsa21, functions as a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) in axonal growth cones (GCs) of the developing brain. We show here that axonal GCs of human fetal Down syndrome (DS) neurons (and of a DS mouse model) overexpress APP protein relative to euploid controls. We investigated whether DS neurons generate an abnormal, APP-dependent GC phenotype in vitro. On laminin, which binds APP and β1 integrins (Itgb1), DS neurons formed enlarged and faster-advancing GCs compared to controls. On peptide matrices that bind APP only, but not on those binding exclusively Itgb1 or L1CAM, DS GCs were significantly enlarged (2.0-fold), formed increased close adhesions (1.8-fold), and advanced faster (1.4-fold). In assays involving alternating stripes of monospecific matrices, human control GCs exhibited no preference for any of the substrates, whereas DS GCs preferred the APP-binding matrix (cross-over decreased significantly from 48.2 to 27.2%). Reducing APP expression in DS GCs with siRNA normalized most measures of the phenotype, including substrate choice. These experiments show that human DS neurons exhibit an APP-dependent, abnormal GC phenotype characterized by increased adhesion and altered contact guidance. The results suggest that APP overexpression may perturb axonal pathfinding and circuit formation in developing DS brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Sosa
- 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Mailbox 8313, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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19
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Busciglio J, Capone G, O'Byran J, Gardiner K. Down Syndrome: Genes, Model Systems, and Progress towards Pharmacotherapies and Clinical Trials for Cognitive Deficits. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 141:260-71. [DOI: 10.1159/000354306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Yeo M, Berglund K, Hanna M, Guo JU, Kittur J, Torres MD, Abramowitz J, Busciglio J, Gao Y, Birnbaumer L, Liedtke WB. Bisphenol A delays the perinatal chloride shift in cortical neurons by epigenetic effects on the Kcc2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:4315-20. [PMID: 23440186 PMCID: PMC3600491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300959110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous compound that is emerging as a possible toxicant during embryonic development. BPA has been shown to epigenetically affect the developing nervous system, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here we demonstrate that BPA exposure in culture led to delay in the perinatal chloride shift caused by significant decrease in potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (Kcc2) mRNA expression in developing rat, mouse, and human cortical neurons. Neuronal chloride increased correspondingly. Treatment with epigenetic compounds decitabine and trichostatin A rescued the BPA effects as did knockdown of histone deacetylase 1 and combined knockdown histone deacetylase 1 and 2. Furthermore, BPA evoked increase in tangential interneuron migration and increased chloride in migrating neurons. Interestingly, BPA exerted its effect in a sexually dimorphic manner, with a more accentuated effect in females than males. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found a significant increase in binding of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 to the "cytosine-phosphate-guanine shores" of the Kcc2 promoter, and decrease in binding of acetylated histone H3K9 surrounding the transcriptional start site. Methyl-CpG binding protein 2-expressing neurons were more abundant resulting from BPA exposure. The sexually dimorphic effect of BPA on Kcc2 expression was also demonstrated in cortical neurons cultured from the offspring of BPA-fed mouse dams. In these neurons and in cortical slices, decitabine was found to rescue the effect of BPA on Kcc2 expression. Overall, our results indicate that BPA can disrupt Kcc2 gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Beyond increase in basic understanding, our findings have relevance for identifying unique neurodevelopmental toxicity mechanisms of BPA, which could possibly play a role in pathogenesis of human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Hanna
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Junjie U. Guo
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development and Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Program Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jaya Kittur
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Maria D. Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Joel Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Yuan Gao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development and Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Program Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Wolfgang B. Liedtke
- Departments of Medicine/Neurology and
- Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke University Clinics for Pain and Palliative Care, Durham, NC 27705
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Helguera P, Seiglie J, Rodriguez J, Hanna M, Helguera G, Busciglio J. Adaptive downregulation of mitochondrial function in down syndrome. Cell Metab 2013; 17:132-40. [PMID: 23312288 PMCID: PMC3580189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are common features of Down syndrome (DS). However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. We investigated the relationship between abnormal energy metabolism and oxidative stress with transcriptional and functional changes in DS cells. Impaired mitochondrial activity correlated with altered mitochondrial morphology. Increasing fusion capacity prevented morphological but not functional alterations in DS mitochondria. Sustained stimulation restored mitochondrial functional parameters but increased reactive oxygen species production and cell damage, suggesting that reduced DS mitochondrial activity is an adaptive response for avoiding injury and preserving basic cellular functions. Network analysis of genes overexpressed in DS cells demonstrated functional integration in pathways involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Thus, although preventing extensive oxidative damage, mitochondrial downregulation may contribute to increased susceptibility of individuals with DS to clinical conditions in which altered energy metabolism may play a role, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and some types of autistic spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Helguera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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22
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Vogler E, Busciglio J. P4‐033: Investigating the role of synaptic zinc and seizure activity in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vogler
- University of California IrvineNewport BeachCaliforniaUnited States
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Abstract
Structural changes and abnormal function of mitochondria have been documented in Down's syndrome (DS) cells, patients, and animal models. DS cells in culture exhibit a wide array of functional mitochondrial abnormalities including reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced ATP production, and decreased oxido-reductase activity. New research has also brought to central stage the prominent role of oxidative stress in this condition. This review focuses on recent advances in the field with a particular emphasis on novel translational approaches involving the utilization of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10) ) to treat a variety of clinical phenotypes associated with DS that are linked to increased oxidative stress and energy deficits. CoQ(10) has already provided promising results in several different conditions associated with altered energy metabolism and oxidative stress in the CNS. Two studies conducted in Ancona investigated the effect of CoQ(10) treatment on DNA damage in DS patients. Although the effect of CoQ(10) was evidenced only at single cell level, the treatment affected the distribution of cells according to their content in oxidized bases. In fact, it produced a strong negative correlation linking cellular CoQ(10) content and the amount of oxidized purines. Results suggest that the effect of CoQ(10) treatment in DS not only reflects antioxidant efficacy, but likely modulates DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tiano
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Garcia O, Torres M, Helguera P, Coskun P, Busciglio J. A role for thrombospondin-1 deficits in astrocyte-mediated spine and synaptic pathology in Down's syndrome. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14200. [PMID: 21152035 PMCID: PMC2996288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down's syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. Reduced number and aberrant architecture of dendritic spines are common features of DS neuropathology. However, the mechanisms involved in DS spine alterations are not known. In addition to a relevant role in synapse formation and maintenance, astrocytes can regulate spine dynamics by releasing soluble factors or by physical contact with neurons. We have previously shown impaired mitochondrial function in DS astrocytes leading to metabolic alterations in protein processing and secretion. In this study, we investigated whether deficits in astrocyte function contribute to DS spine pathology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using a human astrocyte/rat hippocampal neuron coculture, we found that DS astrocytes are directly involved in the development of spine malformations and reduced synaptic density. We also show that thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), an astrocyte-secreted protein, possesses a potent modulatory effect on spine number and morphology, and that both DS brains and DS astrocytes exhibit marked deficits in TSP-1 protein expression. Depletion of TSP-1 from normal astrocytes resulted in dramatic changes in spine morphology, while restoration of TSP-1 levels prevented DS astrocyte-mediated spine and synaptic alterations. Astrocyte cultures derived from TSP-1 KO mice exhibited similar deficits to support spine formation and structure than DS astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that human astrocytes promote spine and synapse formation, identify astrocyte dysfunction as a significant factor of spine and synaptic pathology in the DS brain, and provide a mechanistic rationale for the exploration of TSP-1-based therapies to treat spine and synaptic pathology in DS and other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Garcia
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Pablo Helguera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Pinar Coskun
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Rahman AS, Parvinjah S, Hanna MA, Helguera PR, Busciglio J. Cryopreservation of cortical tissue blocks for the generation of highly enriched neuronal cultures. J Vis Exp 2010:2384. [PMID: 21113113 PMCID: PMC3159608 DOI: 10.3791/2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we outline a standardized protocol for the successful cryopreservation and thawing of cortical brain tissue blocks to generate highly enriched neuronal cultures. For this protocol the freezing medium used is 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted in Hank's Buffered Salt Solution (HBSS). Blocks of cortical tissue are transferred to cryovials containing the freezing medium and slowly frozen at -1°C/min in a rate-controlled freezing container. Post-thaw processing and dissociation of frozen tissue blocks consistently produced neuronal-enriched cultures which exhibited rapid neuritic growth during the first 5 days in culture and significant expansion of the neuronal network within 10 days. Immunocytochemical staining with the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the neuronal marker beta-tubulin class III, revealed high numbers of neurons and astrocytes in the cultures. Generation of neural precursor cell cultures after tissue block dissociation resulted in rapidly expanding neurospheres, which produced large numbers of neurons and astrocytes under differentiating conditions. This simple cryopreservation protocol allows for the rapid, efficient, and inexpensive preservation of cortical brain tissue blocks, which grants increased flexibility for later generation of neuronal, astrocyte, and neuronal precursor cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir S Rahman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
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26
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Deshpande A, Glabe C, Busciglio J. O2‐02–07: Neuronal activity promotes oligomer formation and accumulation at excitatory synapses. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Resende R, Moreira PI, Deshpande A, Busciglio J, Pereira C, Oliveira CR. P4‐183: Increased oxidative stress is an early pathological feature in 3xTg‐AD mice. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Resende
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyCoimbraPortugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineCoimbraPortugal
| | - Paula Isabel Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyCoimbraPortugal
- Institute of Physiology; Faculty of MedicineCoimbraPortugal
| | - Atul Deshpande
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of California-IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of California-IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyCoimbraPortugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineCoimbraPortugal
| | - Catarina R. Oliveira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyCoimbraPortugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineCoimbraPortugal
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Pelsman A, Busciglio J. A role for the transcription factor ets-2 in Down's syndrome neuropathology. J Neurochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.81.s1.20_6.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Resende R, Moreira PI, Proença T, Deshpande A, Busciglio J, Pereira C, Oliveira CR. Brain oxidative stress in a triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:2051-7. [PMID: 18423383 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the presence of extracellular senile plaques mainly composed of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and selective synaptic and neuronal loss. AD brains revealed elevated levels of oxidative stress markers which have been implicated in Abeta-induced toxicity. In the present work we addressed the hypothesis that oxidative stress occurs early in the development of AD and evaluated the extension of the oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidants in an in vivo model of AD, the triple-transgenic mouse, which develops plaques, tangles, and cognitive impairments and thus mimics AD progression in humans. We have shown that in this model, levels of antioxidants, namely, reduced glutathione and vitamin E, are decreased and the extent of lipid peroxidation is increased. We have also observed increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. These alterations are evident during the Abeta oligomerization period, before the appearance of Abeta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, supporting the view that oxidative stress occurs early in the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Resende
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Deshpande
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Brain Aging and DementiaUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine CaliforniaUSA
| | - Khin May Win
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Brain Aging and DementiaUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine CaliforniaUSA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Institute for Brain Aging and DementiaUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine CaliforniaUSA
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Busciglio J, Pelsman A, Helguera P, Ashur-Fabian O, Pinhasov A, Brenneman DE, Gozes I. NAP and ADNF-9 Protect Normal and Downs Syndrome Cortical Neurons from Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13:1091-8. [PMID: 17430172 DOI: 10.2174/138161207780618957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NAP (Asn-Ala-Pro-Val-Ser-Ile-Pro-Gln, single letter code: NAPVSIPQ) and ADNF-9 (activity-dependent neurotrophic factor-9; Ser-Ala-Leu-Leu-Arg-Ser-Ile-Pro-Ala; single letter code: SALLRSIPA) are peptides derived from naturally occurring glial proteins that have shown neuroprotection in rodent model systems. Here, the neuroprotective activity of ADNF-9 and NAP was tested in two human models of neuronal degeneration in culture mediated by oxidative stress: normal human cortical neurons treated with H2O2 and Down's syndrome (DS) cortical neurons. Incubation of normal cortical neurons with 50 microM H2O2 for 1 hour resulted in morphological and structural changes consistent with neuronal degeneration and loss of viability of more than 60% of the neurons present in the culture. Addition of ADNF-9 or NAP at femtomolar concentrations resulted in significant increases in survival of normal neurons treated with H2O2. Femtomolar concentrations of ADNF-9 or NAP exhibited a similar neuroprotective efficacy, comparable to the antioxidant N-tert-butyl-2-sulpho-phenylnitrone at 100 microM (s-PBN). Treatment of DS cortical neurons with ADNF-9 or NAP resulted in a significant increase in neuronal survival as well as reduction of degenerative morphological changes. The results suggest that ADNF-9 and NAP possess potent neuroprotective properties against oxidative damage in human neurons that may be useful to preserve neuronal function and prevent neuronal death associated with chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) provides a model for studying important aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD). Chromosome 21 contains several genes that have been implicated in neurodegenerative mechanisms. These include Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), Ets-2 transcription factors, Down Syndrome Critical Region 1 (DSCR1) stress-inducible factor, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The accumulation of Abeta plaques is progressive across the lifespan in DS. Overexpression of APP in the obligate region for DS is associated with abundant Abeta plaques and tangles consistent with Braak stage V-VI. Intraneuronal Abeta in DS appears to trigger a pathological cascade leading to oxidative stress and a neurodegeneration typical of AD. There are suggestions that an increase in subcellular processing of APP and factors related to membrane APP cleavage favor the secretion of Abeta with age in DS. A misbalance between SOD-1 and glutathione perioxidase activity in DS has been linked to free radical generation. Ets-2 and DSCR1 overexpression in DS has been linked to cell degeneration. Age-related accumulation of somatic DNA mutations in both DS and AD contribute to oxidative stress that exacerbates the imbalance in gene expression. This leads to enhanced Abeta deposition and further neuronal vulnerability. The consequence of these factors and their temporal relationships is likely to be the subject of future research. Since the pathological processes leading to AD are seen across the lifespan in DS, an opportunity is afforded for early pharmacological intervention in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira T Lott
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92868, USA.
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Heredia L, Helguera P, de Olmos S, Kedikian G, Solá Vigo F, LaFerla F, Staufenbiel M, de Olmos J, Busciglio J, Cáceres A, Lorenzo A. Phosphorylation of actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilin by LIM-kinase mediates amyloid beta-induced degeneration: a potential mechanism of neuronal dystrophy in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2006; 26:6533-42. [PMID: 16775141 PMCID: PMC6674046 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5567-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of fibrillar amyloid beta (fAbeta) plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have shown recently that fAbeta-induced dystrophy requires the activation of focal adhesion proteins and the formation of aberrant focal adhesion structures, suggesting the activation of a mechanism of maladaptative plasticity in AD. Focal adhesions are actin-based structures that provide a structural link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. To gain additional insight in the molecular mechanism of neuronal degeneration in AD, here we explored the involvement of LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), and cofilin in Abeta-induced dystrophy. ADF/cofilin are actin-binding proteins that play a central role in actin filament dynamics, and LIMK1 is the kinase that phosphorylates and thereby inhibits ADF/cofilin. Our data indicate that treatment of hippocampal neurons with fAbeta increases the level of Ser3-phosphorylated ADF/cofilin and Thr508-phosphorylated LIMK1 (P-LIMK1), accompanied by a dramatic remodeling of actin filaments, neuritic dystrophy, and neuronal cell death. A synthetic peptide, S3 peptide, which acts as a specific competitor for ADF/cofilin phosphorylation by LIMK1, inhibited fAbeta-induced ADF/cofilin phosphorylation, preventing actin filament remodeling and neuronal degeneration, indicating the involvement of LIMK1 in Abeta-induced neuronal degeneration in vitro. Immunofluorescence analysis of AD brain showed a significant increase in the number of P-LIMK1-positive neurons in areas affected with AD pathology. P-LIMK1-positive neurons also showed early signs of AD pathology, such as intracellular Abeta and pretangle phosphorylated tau. Thus, LIMK1 activation may play a key role in AD pathology.
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Deshpande A, Mina E, Glabe C, Busciglio J. P4–014: Divergent cytotoxic mechanisms of soluble and fibrillar forms of AAY in human cortical neurons. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deshpande A, Mina E, Glabe C, Busciglio J. Different conformations of amyloid beta induce neurotoxicity by distinct mechanisms in human cortical neurons. J Neurosci 2006; 26:6011-8. [PMID: 16738244 PMCID: PMC6675207 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1189-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Abeta) species in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and transgenic models has raised the possibility that different conformations of Abeta may contribute to AD pathology via different mechanisms. To characterize the toxic effect of different Abeta conformations, we tested side by side the effect of well characterized Abeta oligomers (AbetaOs), Abeta-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), and fibrillar Abeta (Abetaf) preparations in human cortical neurons (HCNs). Both AbetaOs and ADDLs bind rapidly and with high affinity to synaptic contacts and cellular membranes. AbetaOs (5 microm) induced rapid and massive neuronal death. Calcium influx accelerated, but was not required for, AbetaO toxicity. AbetaOs elicited a stereotyped succession of cellular changes consistent with the activation of a mitochondrial death apoptotic pathway. At low concentrations AbetaOs caused chronic and subtler mitochondrial alterations but minimal cell death. ADDLs induced similar toxic changes as AbetaOs but on a fivefold longer time scale. Higher concentrations of Abetaf and longer incubation times were required to produce widespread neuritic dystrophy but modest HCN cell death. Thus various Abeta species may play relevant roles in AD, causing neurotoxicity by distinct non-overlapping mechanisms affecting neuronal function and viability over multiple time courses.
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Helguera P, Pelsman A, Pigino G, Wolvetang E, Head E, Busciglio J. ets-2 promotes the activation of a mitochondrial death pathway in Down's syndrome neurons. J Neurosci 2006; 25:2295-303. [PMID: 15745955 PMCID: PMC6726094 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5107-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Down's syndrome (DS) is characterized by mental retardation and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are both related to neurodegeneration in DS. Several genes in chromosome 21 have been linked to neuronal death, including the transcription factor ets-2. Cortical cultures derived from normal and DS fetal brains were used to study the role of ets-2 in DS neuronal degeneration. ets-2 was expressed in normal human cortical neurons (HCNs) and was markedly upregulated by oxidative stress. When overexpressed in normal HCNs, ets-2 induced a stereotyped sequence of apoptotic changes leading to neuronal death. DS HCNs exhibit intracellular oxidative stress and increased apoptosis after the first week in culture (Busciglio and Yankner, 1995). ets-2 levels were increased in DS HCNs, and, between 7 and 14 d in vitro, DS HCNs showed increased bax, cytoplasmic translocation of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor, and active caspases 3 and 7, consistent with activation of an apoptotic mitochondrial death pathway. Degeneration of DS neurons was reduced by dominant-negative ets-2, suggesting that increased ets-2 expression promotes DS neuronal apoptosis. In the human brain, ets-2 expression was found in neurons and astrocytes. Strong ets-2 immunoreactivity was observed in DS/AD and sporadic AD brains associated with degenerative markers such as bax, intracellular Abeta, and hyperphosphorylated tau. Thus, in DS/AD and sporadic AD brains, converging pathological mechanisms leading to chronic oxidative stress and ets-2 upregulation in susceptible neurons may result in increased vulnerability by promoting the activation of a mitochondrial-dependent proapoptotic pathway of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Helguera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4550, USA
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37
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Heredia L, Lin R, Vigo FS, Kedikian G, Busciglio J, Lorenzo A. Deposition of amyloid fibrils promotes cell-surface accumulation of amyloid β precursor protein. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 16:617-29. [PMID: 15262274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Revised: 04/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta protein (Abeta) deposition and neuronal degeneration are characteristic pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro, Abeta fibrils (fAbeta) induce neuronal degeneration reminiscent to AD, but the mechanism of neurotoxicity is unknown. Here we show that amyloid fibrils increase the level of cell-surface full-length amyloid beta precursor protein (h-AbetaPP) and secreted AbetaPP (s-AbetaPP). Pulse-chase analysis indicated that fAbeta selectively inhibited the turnover of cell-surface AbetaPP, without altering its intracellular levels. FAbeta-induced AbetaPP accumulation was not abrogated by cycloheximide, suggesting that increased protein synthesis is not critically required. Abeta fibrils sequester s-AbetaPP from the culture medium and promote its accumulation at the cell surface, indicating that binding of Abeta fibrils mediates AbetaPP accumulation. A time course analysis of Abeta treatment showed that AbetaPP level is elevated before significant cell death can be detected, while other toxic insults do not augment AbetaPP level, suggesting that AbetaPP may be specifically involved in early stages of Abeta-induced neurodegeneration. Finally, Abeta fibrils promote clustering of h-AbetaPP in abnormal focal adhesion-like (FA-like) structures that mediate neuronal dystrophy, increasing its association with the cytoskeleton. These results indicate that the interaction of Abeta fibrils with AbetaPP is an early event in the mechanism of Abeta-induced neurodegeneration that may play a significant role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Heredia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra-INIMEC/CONICET, Córdoba, 5000 Argentina
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38
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Goldstein L, Ashford JW, Busciglio J, Crutcher K, Gouras G, Kinoshita J, Mandelkow E, Sudol M. Live discussion. From here to there: AbetaPP as an axonal transport receptor--how could this explain neurodegeneration in AD. 15 July 2002. J Alzheimers Dis 2003; 5:483-9. [PMID: 14765517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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39
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Wolvetang EJ, Bradfield OM, Hatzistavrou T, Crack PJ, Busciglio J, Kola I, Hertzog PJ. Overexpression of the chromosome 21 transcription factor Ets2 induces neuronal apoptosis. Neurobiol Dis 2003; 14:349-56. [PMID: 14678752 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-9961(03)00107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) neurons display an increased rate of apoptosis in vitro. The genes on chromosome 21 that mediate this increased cell death remain to be elucidated. Here we show that the chromosome 21 transcription factor Ets2, a gene that is overexpressed in Down syndrome, is expressed in neurons, and that moderate overexpression of Ets2 leads to increased apoptosis of primary neuronal cultures from Ets2 tg mice that involves activation of caspase-3. Our data therefore suggest that overexpression of ETS2 may contribute to the increased rate of apoptosis of neurons in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Wolvetang
- Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash University, Monash Medical Center, 246 Clayton Road, 3168 Clayton, Australia.
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40
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Pigino G, Morfini G, Pelsman A, Mattson MP, Brady ST, Busciglio J. Alzheimer's presenilin 1 mutations impair kinesin-based axonal transport. J Neurosci 2003; 23:4499-508. [PMID: 12805290 PMCID: PMC6740780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that alterations in axonal transport play a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, but the molecular mechanisms that control this process are not understood fully. Recent work indicates that presenilin 1 (PS1) interacts with glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). In vivo, GSK3beta phosphorylates kinesin light chains (KLC) and causes the release of kinesin-I from membrane-bound organelles (MBOs), leading to a reduction in kinesin-I driven motility (Morfini et al., 2002b). To characterize a potential role for PS1 in the regulation of kinesin-based axonal transport, we used PS1-/- and PS1 knock-inM146V (KIM146V) mice and cultured cells. We show that relative levels of GSK3beta activity were increased in cells either in the presence of mutant PS1 or in the absence of PS1 (PS1-/-). Concomitant with increased GSK3beta activity, relative levels of KLC phosphorylation were increased, and the amount of kinesin-I bound to MBOs was reduced. Consistent with a deficit in kinesin-I-mediated fast axonal transport, densities of synaptophysin- and syntaxin-I-containing vesicles and mitochondria were reduced in neuritic processes of KIM146V hippocampal neurons. Similarly, we found reduced levels of PS1, amyloid precursor protein, and synaptophysin in sciatic nerves of KIM146V mice. Thus PS1 appears to modulate GSK3beta activity and the release of kinesin-I from MBOs at sites of vesicle delivery and membrane insertion. These findings suggest that mutations in PS1 may compromise neuronal function by affecting GSK-3 activity and kinesin-I-based motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pigino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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41
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Pelsman A, Hoyo-Vadillo C, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB, Ostrovskaya RU, Busciglio J. GVS-111 prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis in normal and Down's syndrome human cortical neurons. Int J Dev Neurosci 2003; 21:117-24. [PMID: 12711349 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(03)00031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective activity of a novel N-acylprolyl-containing dipeptide analog of the nootropic 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide (Piracetam) designated as GVS-111 (DVD-111/Noopept) was tested in two in vitro models of neuronal degeneration mediated by oxidative stress: normal human cortical neurons treated with H(2)O(2), and Down's syndrome (DS) cortical neurons. Incubation of normal cortical neurons with 50 microM H(2)O(2) for 1h resulted in morphological and structural changes consistent with neuronal apoptosis and in the degeneration of more than 60% of the neurons present in the culture. GVS-111 significantly increased neuronal survival after H(2)O(2)-treatment displaying a dose-dependent neuroprotective activity from 10nM to 100 microM, and an IC(50) value of 1.21+/-0.07 microM. GVS-111 inhibited the accumulation of intracellular free radicals and lipid peroxidation damage in neurons treated with H(2)O(2) or FeSO(4), suggesting an antioxidant mechanism of action. GVS-111 exhibited significantly higher neuroprotection compared to the standard cognition enhancer Piracetam, or to the antioxidants Vitamin E, propyl gallate and N-tert-butyl-2-sulpho-phenylnitrone (s-PBN). In DS cortical cultures, chronic treatment with GVS-111 significantly reduced the appearance of degenerative changes and enhanced neuronal survival. The results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of GVS-111 against oxidative damage and its potential nootropic activity may present a valuable therapeutic combination for the treatment of mental retardation and chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Pelsman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, CT 06030, USA
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42
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Wolvetang EJ, Wilson TJ, Sanij E, Busciglio J, Hatzistavrou T, Seth A, Hertzog PJ, Kola I. ETS2 overexpression in transgenic models and in Down syndrome predisposes to apoptosis via the p53 pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12:247-55. [PMID: 12554679 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ETS2 is a transcription factor encoded by a gene on human chromosome 21 and alterations in its expression have been implicated in the pathophysiological features of Down syndrome (DS). This study demonstrates that overexpression of ETS2 results in apoptosis. This is shown in a number of circumstances, including ETS2-overexpressing transgenic mice and cell lines and in cells from subjects with DS. Indeed we report for the first time that the ETS2 overexpression transgenic mouse develops a smaller thymus and lymphocyte abnormalities similar to that observed in DS. In all circumstances of ETS2 overexpression, the increased apoptosis correlated with increased p53 and alterations in downstream factors in the p53 pathway. In the human HeLa cancer cell line, transfection with functional p53 enables ETS2 overexpression to induce apoptosis. Furthermore, crossing the ETS2 transgenic mice with p53(-/-) mice genetically rescued the thymic apoptosis phenotype. Therefore, we conclude that overexpression of human chromosome 21-encoded ETS2 induces apoptosis that is dependent on p53. These results have important consequences for understanding DS and oncogenesis and may provide new insights into therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Wolvetang
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease, Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Grace EA, Busciglio J. Aberrant activation of focal adhesion proteins mediates fibrillar amyloid beta-induced neuronal dystrophy. J Neurosci 2003; 23:493-502. [PMID: 12533609 PMCID: PMC6741895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal dystrophy is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is not observed in other neurodegenerative disorders that lack amyloid deposition. Treatment of cortical neurons with fibrillar amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides induces progressive neuritic dystrophy accompanied by a marked loss of synaptophysin immunoreactivity (Grace et al., 2002). Here, we report that fibrillar Abeta-induced neuronal dystrophy is mediated by the activation of focal adhesion (FA) proteins and the formation of aberrant FA structures adjacent to Abeta deposits. In the AD brain, activated FA proteins are observed associated with the majority of senile plaques. Clustered integrin receptors and activated paxillin (phosphorylated at Tyr-31) and focal adhesion kinase (phosphorylated at Tyr-297) are mainly detected in dystrophic neurites surrounding Abeta plaque cores, where they colocalize with hyperphosphorylated tau. Deletion experiments demonstrated that the presence of the LIM domains in the paxillin C terminus and the recruitment of the protein-Tyr phosphatase (PTP)-PEST to the FA complex are required for Abeta-induced neuronal dystrophy. Therefore, both paxillin and PTP-PEST appear to be critical elements in the generation of the dystrophic response. Paxillin is a scaffolding protein to which other FA proteins bind, leading to the formation of the FA contact and initiation of signaling cascades. PTP-PEST plays a key role in the dynamic regulation of focal adhesion contacts in response to extracellular cues. Thus, in the AD brain, fibrillar Abeta may induce neuronal dystrophy by triggering a maladaptive plastic response mediated by FA protein activation and tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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44
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Morfini G, Pigino G, Beffert U, Busciglio J, Brady ST. Fast axonal transport misregulation and Alzheimer's disease. Neuromolecular Med 2003; 2:89-99. [PMID: 12428805 DOI: 10.1385/nmm:2:2:089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2002] [Accepted: 06/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological alterations in the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau are well-established in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and others. Tau protein and in some cases, neurofilament subunits exhibit abnormal phosphorylation on specific serine and threonine residues in these diseases. A large body of biochemical, genetic, and cell biological evidence implicate two major serine-threonine protein kinases, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) as major kinases responsible for both normal and pathological phosphorylation of tau protein in vivo. What remains unclear is whether tau phosphorylation and/or neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation are causal or secondary to initiation of neuronal pathology. In fact, many studies have indicated that tau misphosphorylation is not the causal event. Interestingly, some of these kinase and phosphatase activities have recently merged as key regulators of fast axonal transport (FAT). Specifically, CDK5 and GSK-3 have been recently shown to regulate kinesin-driven motility. Given the essential role of FAT in neuronal function, an alternate model for pathogenesis can be proposed. In this model, misregulation of FAT induced by an imbalance in specific kinase-phosphatase activities within neurons represents an early and critical step for the initiation of neuronal pathology. Such a model may explain many of the unique characteristics of late onset of neurological diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Morfini
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-9039, USA
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45
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Abstract
Amyloid deposition, neuronal dystrophy and synaptic loss are characteristic pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have used cortical neuronal cultures to assess the dystrophic effect of fibrillar amyloid beta (Abeta) and its relationship with neurotoxicity and synaptic loss. Treatment with fibrillar Abeta led to the development of neuritic dystrophy in the majority of the neurons present in the culture. Morphometric analysis and viability assays showed that neuronal dystrophy appeared significantly earlier and at lower Abeta concentrations than neurotoxicity, suggesting that both effects are generated independently by different cellular mechanisms. The development of dystrophic features required Abeta fibril formation and did not depend on the presence of the RHDS adhesive domain in the sequence of Abeta. Finally, a dramatic reduction in the density of synaptophysin immunoreactivity was closely associated with dystrophic changes in viable neurons. These results suggest that aberrant plastic changes and loss of synaptic integrity induced by fibrillar Abeta may play a significant role in the development of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Busciglio J, Pelsman A, Wong C, Pigino G, Yuan M, Mori H, Yankner BA. Altered metabolism of the amyloid beta precursor protein is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in Down's syndrome. Neuron 2002; 33:677-88. [PMID: 11879646 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Most Down's syndrome (DS) patients develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Astrocyte and neuronal cultures derived from fetal DS brain show alterations in the processing of amyloid beta precursor protein (AbetaPP), including increased levels of AbetaPP and C99, reduced levels of secreted AbetaPP (AbetaPPs) and C83, and intracellular accumulation of insoluble Abeta42. This pattern of AbetaPP processing is recapitulated in normal astrocytes by inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism, consistent with impaired mitochondrial function in DS astrocytes. Intracellular Abeta42 and reduced AbetaPPs are also detected in DS and AD brains. The survival of DS neurons is markedly increased by recombinant or astrocyte-produced AbetaPPs, suggesting that AbetaPPs may be a neuronal survival factor. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction in DS may lead to intracellular deposition of Abeta42, reduced levels of AbetaPPs, and a chronic state of increased neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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47
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Pigino G, Pelsman A, Mori H, Busciglio J. Presenilin-1 mutations reduce cytoskeletal association, deregulate neurite growth, and potentiate neuronal dystrophy and tau phosphorylation. J Neurosci 2001; 21:834-42. [PMID: 11157069 PMCID: PMC6762317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin genes are linked to early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Previous work in non-neuronal cells indicates that presenilin-1 (PS1) associates with cytoskeletal elements and that it facilitates Notch1 signaling. Because Notch1 participates in the control of neurite growth, cultured hippocampal neurons were used to investigate the cytoskeletal association of PS1 and its potential role during neuronal development. We found that PS1 associates with microtubules (MT) and microfilaments (MF) and that its cytoskeletal association increases dramatically during neuronal development. PS1 was detected associated with MT in the central region of neuronal growth cones and with MF in MF-rich areas extending into filopodia and lamellipodia. In differentiated neurons, PS1 mutations reduced the interaction of PS1 with cytoskeletal elements, diminished the nuclear translocation of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), and promoted a marked increase in total neurite length. In developing neurons, PS1 overexpression increased the nuclear translocation of NICD and inhibited neurite growth, whereas PS1 mutations M146V, I143T, and deletion of exon 9 (D9) did not facilitate NICD nuclear translocation and had no effect on neurite growth. In cultures that were treated with amyloid beta (Abeta), PS1 mutations significantly increased neuritic dystrophy and AD-like changes in tau such as hyperphosphorylation, release from MT, and increased tau protein levels. We conclude that PS1 participates in the regulation of neurite growth and stabilization in both developing and differentiated neurons. In the Alzheimer's brain PS1 mutations may promote neuritic dystrophy and tangle formation by interfering with Notch1 signaling and enhancing pathological changes in tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pigino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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48
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Pigino G, Mori H, Busciglio J. The association of PS1 with the neuronal cytoskeleton and its role in Notch signaling and the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Neurobiol Aging 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(00)82325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Kerkovich DM, Sapp D, Weidenheim K, Brosnan CF, Pfeiffer SE, Yeh HH, Busciglio J. Fetal human cortical neurons grown in culture: morphological differentiation, biochemical correlates and development of electrical activity. Int J Dev Neurosci 1999; 17:347-56. [PMID: 10479069 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(99)00036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured fetal human cortical neurons derived from second trimester human fetal cortex were analyzed with regard to their morphological differentiation and expression of cell-specific markers. The culture method was adapted from standardized protocols originally developed for the isolation and culture of rodent oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. This technique takes advantage of the different adhesive properties and stratification of central nervous system cells in vitro. Under these culture conditions fetal human cortical neurons underwent morphological differentiation, expressed neuron-specific markers and voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels. Highly enriched cultures of microglia and astrocytes generated from the same starting material also expressed cell-type specific markers. These cultures serve as a valuable tool for the establishment of normative data and as experimental models for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kerkovich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030-6125, USA
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50
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Busciglio J, Andersen JK, Schipper HM, Gilad GM, McCarty R, Marzatico F, Toussaint O. Stress, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Molecular mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 851:429-43. [PMID: 9668637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Busciglio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030-6125, USA.
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