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Hayes L, Taga M, Charalambous CC, Raju S, Lin J, Schambra HM. The distribution of transcallosal inhibition to upper extremity muscles is altered in chronic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2023; 450:120688. [PMID: 37224604 PMCID: PMC10330477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the distribution of transcallosal inhibition (TI) acting on proximal and distal upper extremity muscles is altered in chronic stroke. METHODS We examined thirteen healthy controls and sixteen mildly to moderately impaired chronic stroke patients. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe TI from the contralesional onto ipsilesional hemisphere (assigned in controls). We recorded the ipsilateral silent period in the paretic biceps (BIC) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI). We measured TI strength, distribution gradient (TI difference between muscles), and motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment). RESULTS Both groups had stronger TI acting on their FDIs than BICs (p < 0.001). However, stroke patients also had stronger TI acting on their BICs than controls (p = 0.034), resulting in a flatter distribution of inhibition (p = 0.028). In patients, stronger FDI inhibition correlated with less hand impairment (p = 0.031); BIC inhibition was not correlated to impairment. CONCLUSION TI is more evenly distributed to the paretic FDI and BIC in chronic stroke. The relative increase in proximal inhibition does not relate to better function, as it does distally. SIGNIFICANCE The results expand our knowledge about segment-specific neurophysiology and its relevance to impairment after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Hayes
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States.
| | - Myriam Taga
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States.
| | - Charalambos C Charalambous
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Center for Neuroscience and Integrative Brain Research (CENIBRE), University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Sharmila Raju
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States.
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States.
| | - Heidi M Schambra
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States.
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2
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Muller CO, Perrey S, Bakhti K, Muthalib M, Dray G, Xu B, Mottet D, Laffont I. Aging effects on electrical and hemodynamic responses in the sensorimotor network during unilateral proximal upper limb functional tasks. Behav Brain Res 2023; 443:114322. [PMID: 36731658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging leads to poorer performance in upper limb (UL) daily living movements. Understanding the neural correlates linked with UL functional movements may help to better understand how healthy aging affects motor control. Two non-invasive neuroimaging methods allow for monitoring the movement-related brain activity: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG), respectively based on the hemodynamic response and electrical activity of brain regions. Coupled, they provide a better spatiotemporal mapping. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of healthy aging on the bilateral sensorimotor (SM1) activation patterns of functional proximal UL movements. Twenty-one young and 21 old healthy participants realized two unilateral proximal UL movements during: i) a paced reaching target task and ii) a circular steering task to capture the speed-accuracy trade-off. Combined fNIRS-EEG system was synchronised with movement capture system to record SM1 activation while moving. The circular steering task performance was significantly lower for the older group. The rate of increase in hemodynamic response was longer in the older group with no difference on the amplitude of fNIRS signal for the two tasks. The EEG results showed aging related reduction of the alpha-beta rhythms synchronisation but no desynchronisation modification. In conclusion, this study uncovers the age-related changes in brain electrical and hemodynamic response patterns in the bilateral sensorimotor network during two functional proximal UL movements using two complementary neuroimaging methods. This opens up the possibility to utilise combined fNIRS-EEG for monitoring the movement-related neuroplasticity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Muller
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France; Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - S Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - K Bakhti
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France; Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Clinical Research and Epidemiology unit, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Muthalib
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France; Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Silverline Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Dray
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - B Xu
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - D Mottet
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - I Laffont
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France; Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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3
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Van Malderen S, Hehl M, Verstraelen S, Swinnen SP, Cuypers K. Dual-site TMS as a tool to probe effective interactions within the motor network: a review. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:129-221. [PMID: 36065080 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (ds-TMS) is well suited to investigate the causal effect of distant brain regions on the primary motor cortex, both at rest and during motor performance and learning. However, given the broad set of stimulation parameters, clarity about which parameters are most effective for identifying particular interactions is lacking. Here, evidence describing inter- and intra-hemispheric interactions during rest and in the context of motor tasks is reviewed. Our aims are threefold: (1) provide a detailed overview of ds-TMS literature regarding inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity; (2) describe the applicability and contributions of these interactions to motor control, and; (3) discuss the practical implications and future directions. Of the 3659 studies screened, 109 were included and discussed. Overall, there is remarkable variability in the experimental context for assessing ds-TMS interactions, as well as in the use and reporting of stimulation parameters, hindering a quantitative comparison of results across studies. Further studies examining ds-TMS interactions in a systematic manner, and in which all critical parameters are carefully reported, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Van Malderen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Melina Hehl
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Verstraelen
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
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4
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Serrien DJ, O'Regan L. Attention and Interhemispheric Communication: Implications for Language Dominance. Neuroscience 2023; 510:21-31. [PMID: 36521590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dominance of the left hemisphere for language processing is a prominent feature of brain organisation. Whereas structural models clarify the functional asymmetry due to direct access to local language circuits, dynamic models propose functional states of intrahemispheric activation and interhemispheric inhibition that are coupled with attentional processes. Real word settings often require modulations of lateralised neural processing and further express individual heterogeneity. In this research, we tested left- and right-handers, and used a behavioural paradigm with presentation of lateralised cue-target pairs to the same or opposite visual field. We observed that handedness distinctly affected word processing in the left hemisphere following contralateral cueing. Moreover, left-hemispheric dominance strengthened for right-handers vs abolished for left-handers, influencing behavioural efficiency. In combination with eye dominance recordings, these data suggest that attentional biases guided the processing strategies of both groups and in turn their achievements. Therefore, hand and eye dominance are both essential factors with a functional role in directing the communication of visual information between both hemispheres. Overall, the findings underline the importance of interacting hand-eye control systems in contributing to interhemispheric patterns in the context of language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise O'Regan
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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Kaneko N, Sasaki A, Yokoyama H, Masugi Y, Nakazawa K. Changes in corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability through functional electrical stimulation with and without observation and imagination of walking. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:994138. [PMID: 36237950 PMCID: PMC9552297 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.994138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional electrical stimulation (FES), a method for inducing muscle contraction, has been successfully used in gait rehabilitation for patients with deficits after neurological disorders and several clinical studies have found that it can improve gait function after stroke and spinal cord injury. However, FES gait training is not suitable for patients with walking difficulty, such as those with severe motor paralysis of the lower limbs. We have previously shown that action observation combined with motor imagery (AO + MI) of walking induces walking-related cortical activity. Therefore, we combined FES, which alternately generates dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, with AO + MI as an alternative to gait training. The present study investigates the transient effects of 20-min of FES simultaneously with and without AO + MI of walking on corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability in able-bodied participants. We measured motor evoked potentials and Hoffmann-reflexes to assess corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability at rest before and after the 20-min FES with and without the AO + MI. Our results show that FES without AO + MI did not change excitability (p > 0.05), while FES with AO + MI facilitated corticospinal excitability (p < 0.05). This facilitation likely occurred due to the synchronization of sensory inputs from FES and cortical activity during AO + MI. Facilitation was observed only in the dorsiflexor but not the plantar flexor muscle (p < 0.05), suggesting muscle specificity of the facilitation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining FES with AO + MI and pave the way for novel neurorehabilitation strategies for patients with neurological gait deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotsugu Kaneko
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yokoyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Health Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kimitaka Nakazawa,
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6
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Compton CT, Lockyer EJ, Benson RJ, Power KE. Interhemispheric inhibition is different during arm cycling than a position- and intensity-matched tonic contraction. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2425-2434. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Tecilla M, Guerra A, Rocchi L, Määttä S, Bologna M, Herrojo Ruiz M, Biundo R, Antonini A, Ferreri F. Action Selection and Motor Decision Making: Insights from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Sci 2022; 12:639. [PMID: 35625025 PMCID: PMC9139261 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, goal-oriented motor behaviour relies on the estimation of the rewards/costs associated with alternative actions and on the appropriate selection of movements. Motor decision making is defined as the process by which a motor plan is chosen among a set of competing actions based on the expected value. In the present literature review we discuss evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies of motor control. We focus primarily on studies of action selection for instructed movements and motor decision making. In the first section, we delve into the usefulness of various TMS paradigms to characterise the contribution of motor areas and distributed brain networks to cued action selection. Then, we address the influence of motivational information (e.g., reward and biomechanical cost) in guiding action choices based on TMS findings. Finally, we conclude that TMS represents a powerful tool for elucidating the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying action choices in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Tecilla
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE146NW, UK; (M.T.); (M.H.R.)
| | - Andrea Guerra
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N3BG, UK
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Matteo Bologna
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Herrojo Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE146NW, UK; (M.T.); (M.H.R.)
| | - Roberta Biundo
- Department of General Psychology and Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- San Camillo IRCSS Hospital, 30126 Lido di Venezia, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Florinda Ferreri
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Unit of Neurology, Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology and Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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8
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Neige C, Rannaud Monany D, Lebon F. Exploring cortico-cortical interactions during action preparation by means of dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:678-692. [PMID: 34274404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Action preparation is characterized by a set of complex and distributed processes that occur in multiple brain areas. Interestingly, dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a relevant technique to probe effective connectivity between cortical areas, with a high temporal resolution. In the current systematic review, we aimed at providing a detailed picture of the cortico-cortical interactions underlying action preparation focusing on dual-coil TMS studies. We considered four theoretical processes (impulse control, action selection, movement initiation and action reprogramming) and one task modulator (movement complexity). The main findings highlight 1) the interplay between primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor, prefrontal and parietal cortices during action preparation, 2) the varying (facilitatory or inhibitory) cortico-cortical influence depending on the theoretical processes and the TMS timing, and 3) the key role of the supplementary motor area-M1 interactions that shape the preparation of simple and complex movements. These findings are of particular interest for clinical perspectives, with a need to better characterize functional connectivity deficiency in clinical population with altered action preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Neige
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Dylan Rannaud Monany
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Florent Lebon
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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9
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MacDonald HJ, Laksanaphuk C, Day A, Byblow WD, Jenkinson N. The role of interhemispheric communication during complete and partial cancellation of bimanual responses. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:875-886. [PMID: 33567982 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00688.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of upper limb movements in response to external stimuli is vital to effectively interact with the environment. Accurate execution of bimanual movement is known to rely on finely orchestrated interhemispheric communication between the primary motor cortices (M1s). However, relatively little is known about the role of interhemispheric communication during sudden cancellation of prepared bimanual movement. The current study investigated the role of interhemispheric interactions during complete and partial cancellation of bimanual movement. In two experiments, healthy young human participants received transcranial magnetic stimulation to both M1s during a bimanual response inhibition task. The increased corticomotor excitability in anticipation of bimanual movement was accompanied by a release of inhibition from both M1s. After a stop cue, inhibition was reengaged onto both hemispheres to successfully cancel the complete bimanual response. However, when the stop cue signaled partial cancellation (stopping of one digit only), inhibition was reengaged with regard to the cancelled digit, but the responding digit representation was facilitated. This bifurcation in interhemispheric communication between M1s occurred 75 ms later in the more difficult condition when the nondominant, as opposed to dominant, hand was still responding. Our results demonstrate that interhemispheric communication is integral to response inhibition once a bimanual response has been prepared. Interestingly, M1-M1 interhemispheric circuitry does not appear to be responsible for the nonselective suppression of all movement components that has been observed during partial cancellation. Instead such interhemispheric communication enables uncoupling of bimanual response components and facilitates the selective initiation of just the required unimanual movement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide the first evidence that interhemispheric communication plays an important role during sudden movement cancellation of two-handed responses. Simultaneously increased inhibition onto both hemispheres assists with two-handed movement cancellation. However, this network is not responsible for the widespread suppression of motor activity observed when only one of the two hands is cancelled. Instead, communication between hemispheres enables the separation of motor activity for the two hands and helps to execute the required one-handed response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J MacDonald
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chotica Laksanaphuk
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Alice Day
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Winston D Byblow
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ned Jenkinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhang X, Li H, Xie T, Liu Y, Chen J, Long J. Movement speed effects on beta-band oscillations in sensorimotor cortex during voluntary activity. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:352-359. [PMID: 32579410 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00238.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-band oscillations are a dominant feature in the sensorimotor system, which includes movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD) during the preparation and execution phases of movement and postmovement beta synchronization (PMBS) on movement cessation. Many studies have linked this rhythm to motor functions. However, its associations to the movement speed are still unclear. We make a hypothesis that PMBS will be modulated with increasing of movement speeds. We assessed the MRBD and PMBS during isotonic slower self-paced and ballistic movements with 15 healthy subjects. Furthermore, we conduct an additional control experiment with the isometric contraction with two levels of forces to match those in the isotonic slower self-paced and ballistic movements separately. We found that the amplitude of PMBS but not MRBD in motor cortex is modulated by the speed during voluntary movement. PMBS was positively correlated with movement speed and acceleration through the partial correlation analysis. However, there were no changes in the PMBS and MRBD during the isometric contraction with two levels of forces. These results demonstrate a different function of PMBS and MRBD to the movement speed during voluntary activity and suggest that the movement speed would affect the amplitude of PMBS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Beta-band oscillations are a dominant feature in the sensorimotor system that associate to the motor function. We found that the movement-related postmovement beta synchronization (PMBS) over the contralateral sensorimotor cortex was positively correlated with the speed of a voluntary movement, but the movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD) was not. Our results show a differential response of the PMBS and MRBD to the movement speed during voluntary movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzi Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hualiang Li
- Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingjun Xie
- Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Psychology, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jinyi Long
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Abstract
The development and persistence of laterality is a key feature of human motor behavior, with the asymmetry of hand use being the most prominent. The idea that asymmetrical functions of the hands reflect asymmetries in terms of structural and functional brain organization has been tested many times. However, despite advances in laterality research and increased understanding of this population-level bias, the neural basis of handedness remains elusive. Recent developments in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging enabled the exploration of lateralized motor behavior also in terms of white matter and connectional neuroanatomy. Despite incomplete and partly inconsistent evidence, structural connectivity of both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric white matter seems to differ between left and right-handers. Handedness was related to asymmetry of intrahemispheric pathways important for visuomotor and visuospatial processing (superior longitudinal fasciculus), but not to projection tracts supporting motor execution (corticospinal tract). Moreover, the interindividual variability of the main commissural pathway corpus callosum seems to be associated with handedness. The review highlights the importance of exploring new avenues for the study of handedness and presents the latest state of knowledge that can be used to guide future neuroscientific and genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Budisavljevic
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,The School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Begliomini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Advanced TMS approaches to probe corticospinal excitability during action preparation. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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13
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Chettouf S, Rueda-Delgado LM, de Vries R, Ritter P, Daffertshofer A. Are unimanual movements bilateral? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Tuning the Corticospinal System: How Distributed Brain Circuits Shape Human Actions. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:359-379. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858419896751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interactive behaviors rely on the operation of several processes allowing the control of actions, including their selection, withholding, and cancellation. The corticospinal system provides a unique route through which multiple brain circuits can exert control over bodily motor acts. In humans, the influence of these modulatory circuits on the corticospinal system can be probed using various transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols. Here, we review neural data from TMS studies at the basis of our current understanding of how diverse pathways—including intra-cortical, trans-cortical, and subcortico-cortical circuits—contribute to action control by tuning the activity of the corticospinal system. Critically, when doing so, we point out important caveats in the field that arise from the fact that these circuits, and their impact on the corticospinal system, have not been considered equivalently for action selection, withholding, and cancellation. This has led to the misleading view that some circuits or regions are specialized in specific control processes and that they produce particular modulatory changes in corticospinal excitability (e.g., generic vs. specific modulation of corticospinal excitability). Hence, we point to the need for more transversal research approaches in the field of action control.
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15
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Bundy DT, Leuthardt EC. The Cortical Physiology of Ipsilateral Limb Movements. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:825-839. [PMID: 31514976 PMCID: PMC6825896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whereas voluntary movements have long been understood to derive primarily from the cortical hemisphere contralateral to a moving limb, substantial cortical activations also occur in the same-sided, or ipsilateral, cortical hemisphere. These ipsilateral motor activations have recently been shown to be useful to decode specific movement features. Furthermore, in contrast to the classical understanding that unilateral limb movements are solely driven by the contralateral hemisphere, it appears that the ipsilateral hemisphere plays an active and specific role in the planning and execution of voluntary movements. Here we review the movement-related activations observed in the ipsilateral cortical hemisphere, interpret this evidence in light of the potential roles of the ipsilateral hemisphere in the planning and execution of movements, and describe the implications for clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Bundy
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center of Innovation in Neuroscience and Technology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Iwane F, Lisi G, Morimoto J. EEG Sensorimotor Correlates of Speed During Forearm Passive Movements. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1667-1675. [PMID: 31425038 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2934231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although passive movement therapy has been widely adopted to recover lost motor functions of impaired body parts, the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. In this context, fully understanding how the proprioceptive input modulates the brain activity may provide valuable insights. Specifically, it has not been investigated how the speed of motions, passively guided by a haptic device, affects the sensorimotor rhythms (SMR). On the grounds that faster passive motions elicit larger quantity of afferent input, we hypothesize a proportional relationship between localized SMR features and passive movement speed. To address this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment where healthy subjects received passive forearm oscillations at different speed levels while their electroencephalogram was recorded. The mu and beta event related desynchronization (ERD) and beta rebound of both left and right sensorimotor areas are analyzed by linear mixed-effects models. Results indicate that passive movement speed is correlated with the contralateral beta rebound and ipsilateral mu ERD. The former has been previously linked with the processing of proprioceptive afferent input quantity, while the latter with speed-dependent inhibitory processes. This suggests the existence of functionally-distinct frequency-specific neuronal populations associated with passive movements. In future, our findings may guide the design of novel rehabilitation paradigms.
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17
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Relationship between Interhemispheric Inhibition and Dexterous Hand Performance in Musicians and Non-musicians. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11574. [PMID: 31399612 PMCID: PMC6689014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) is essential for dexterous motor control. Small previous studies have shown differences in IHI in musicians compared to non-musicians, but it is not clear whether these differences are robustly linked to musical performance. In the largest study to date, we examined IHI and comprehensive measures of dexterous bimanual performance in 72 individuals (36 musicians and 36 non-musicians). Dexterous bimanual performance was quantified by speed, accuracy, and evenness derived from a series of hand tasks. As expected, musicians significantly outperformed non-musicians. Surprisingly, these performance differences could not be simply explained by IHI, as IHI did not significantly differ between musicians and non-musicians. However, canonical correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between combinations of IHI and performance variables in the musician group. Specifically, we identified that IHI may contribute to the maintenance of evenness regardless of speed, a feature of musical performance that may be driven by practice with a metronome. Therefore, while IHI changes by themselves may not be sufficient to explain superior hand dexterity exhibited by musicians, IHI may be a potential neural correlate for specific features of musical performance.
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18
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Clark MG, Smallwood Shoukry R, Huang CJ, Danielian LE, Bageac D, Floeter MK. Loss of functional connectivity is an early imaging marker in primary lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:562-569. [PMID: 30299161 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1517180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis can only be made after upper motor neuron symptoms have progressed for several years without developing lower motor neuron signs. The goal of the study was to identify neuroimaging changes that occur early in primary lateral sclerosis, prior to clinical diagnosis. METHODS MRI scans were obtained on 13 patients with adult-onset progressive spasticity for five years or less who were followed longitudinally to confirm a clinical diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis. Resting state functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and anatomical images were obtained. These "pre-PLS" patients were compared to 18 patients with longstanding, established primary lateral sclerosis and 28 controls. RESULTS Pre-PLS patients had a marked reduction in seed-based resting-state motor network connectivity compared to the controls and patients with longstanding disease. White matter regions with reduced fractional anisotropy were similar in the two patient groups compared to the controls. Patients with longstanding disease had cortical thinning of the precentral gyrus. A slight thinning of the right precentral gyrus was detected in initial pre-PLS patients' scans. Follow-up scans in eight pre-PLS patients 1-2 years later showed increasing motor connectivity, thinning of the precentral gyrus, and no change in diffusion measures of the corticospinal tract or callosal motor region. CONCLUSIONS Loss of motor functional connectivity is an early imaging marker in primary lateral sclerosis. This differs from literature descriptions of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, warranting further studies to test whether resting-state functional MRI can differentiate between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis at early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Clark
- a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Rachel Smallwood Shoukry
- a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Caleb J Huang
- a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Laura E Danielian
- a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Devin Bageac
- a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Mary Kay Floeter
- a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Kuo YL, Dubuc T, Boufadel DF, Fisher BE. Measuring ipsilateral silent period: Effects of muscle contraction levels and quantification methods. Brain Res 2017; 1674:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Christiansen L, Larsen MN, Grey MJ, Nielsen JB, Lundbye-Jensen J. Long-term progressive motor skill training enhances corticospinal excitability for the ipsilateral hemisphere and motor performance of the untrained hand. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:1490-1500. [PMID: 27657352 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that unilateral motor practice can lead to increased performance in the opposite non-trained hand. Here, we test the hypothesis that progressively increasing task difficulty during long-term skill training with the dominant right hand increase performance and corticomotor excitability of the left non-trained hand. Subjects practiced a visuomotor tracking task engaging right digit V for 6 weeks with either progressively increasing task difficulty (PT) or no progression (NPT). Corticospinal excitability (CSE) was evaluated from the resting motor threshold (rMT) and recruitment curve parameters following application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (iM1) hotspot of the left abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM). PT led to significant improvements in left-hand motor performance immediately after 6 weeks of training (63 ± 18%, P < 0.001) and 8 days later (76 ± 14%, P < 0.001). In addition, PT led to better task performance compared to NPT (19 ± 15%, P = 0.024 and 27 ± 15%, P = 0.016). Following the initial training session, CSE increased across all subjects. After 6 weeks of training and 8 days later, only PT was accompanied by increased CSE demonstrated by a left and upwards shift in the recruitment curves, e.g. indicated by increased MEPmax (P = 0.012). Eight days after training similar effects were observed, but 14 months later motor performance and CSE were similar between groups. We suggest that progressively adjusting demands for timing and accuracy to individual proficiency promotes motor skill learning and drives the iM1-CSE resulting in enhanced performance of the non-trained hand. The results underline the importance of increasing task difficulty progressively and individually in skill learning and rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Christiansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael James Grey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Wischnewski M, Kowalski GM, Rink F, Belagaje SR, Haut MW, Hobbs G, Buetefisch CM. Demand on skillfulness modulates interhemispheric inhibition of motor cortices. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2803-13. [PMID: 26961108 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01076.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of primary motor cortex (M1) in the control of hand movements is still unclear. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of unimanual performance reported a relationship between level of precision of a motor task and additional ipsilateral M1 (iM1) activation. In the present study, we determined whether the demand on accuracy of a movement influences the magnitude of the inhibitory effect between primary motor cortices (IHI). We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure active IHI (aIHI) of the iM1 on the contralateral M1 (cM1) in the premovement period of a left-hand motor task. Ten healthy participants manipulated a joystick to point to targets of two different sizes. For aIHI, the conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to iM1, and the test stimulus (TS) to cM1, with an interstimulus interval of 10 ms. The amount of the inhibitory effect of the CS on the motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the subsequent TS was expressed as percentage of the mean MEP amplitude evoked by the single TS. Across different time points of aIHI measurements in the premovement period, there was a significant effect for target size on aIHI. Preparing to point to small targets was associated with weaker aIHI compared with pointing to large targets. The present findings suggest that, during the premovement period, aIHI from iM1 on cM1 is modulated by the demand on accuracy of the motor task. This is consistent with task fMRI findings showing bilateral M1 activation during high-precision movements but only unilateral M1 activity during low-precision movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samir R Belagaje
- Department of Neurology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Gerald Hobbs
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Cathrin M Buetefisch
- Department of Neurology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
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22
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McCambridge AB, Stinear JW, Byblow WD. Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of dual-hemisphere transcranial direct current stimulation on the proximal upper limb. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:1419-28. [PMID: 26749182 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dual-hemisphere transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex (M1-M1 tDCS) is assumed to modulate neural excitability in a polarity-dependent manner and improve motor performance of the hand. In the proximal upper limb, the neurophysiological and behavioural after-effects of M1-M1 tDCS are not well known. This study investigated the after-effects of M1-M1 tDCS on contralateral, ipsilateral and transcallosal excitability to the proximal upper limb muscle biceps brachii (BB). Circle tracing was used to assess motor performance before and after tDCS as this task requires coordination of proximal and distal musculature. Sixteen healthy right-handed adults participated in the study, each receiving M1-M1 tDCS (1 mA, 15 min) or sham tDCS in separate sessions. The anode was positioned over right M1 and cathode over left M1. M1-M1 tDCS suppressed transcallosal inhibition from the M1 under the cathode (P < 0.045). No other neurophysiologic or behavioural effects were observed (P > 0.6). The study provides important information regarding inconsistent neurophysiological and behavioural changes following tDCS that have implications for future tDCS research on the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana B McCambridge
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James W Stinear
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Winston D Byblow
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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23
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Long J, Tazoe T, Soteropoulos DS, Perez MA. Interhemispheric connectivity during bimanual isometric force generation. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:1196-207. [PMID: 26538610 PMCID: PMC4808122 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00876.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric interactions through the corpus callosum play an important role in the control of bimanual forces. However, the extent to which physiological connections between primary motor cortices are modulated during increasing levels of bimanual force generation in intact humans remains poorly understood. Here we studied coherence between electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and the ipsilateral cortical silent period (iSP), two well-known measures of interhemispheric connectivity between motor cortices, during unilateral and bilateral 10%, 40%, and 70% of maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) into index finger abduction. We found that EEG-EEG coherence in the alpha frequency band decreased while the iSP area increased during bilateral compared with unilateral 40% and 70% but not 10% of MVC. Decreases in coherence in the alpha frequency band correlated with increases in the iSP area, and subjects who showed this inverse relation were able to maintain more steady bilateral muscle contractions. To further examine the relationship between the iSP and coherence we electrically stimulated the ulnar nerve at the wrist at the alpha frequency. Electrical stimulation increased coherence in the alpha frequency band and decreased the iSP area during bilateral 70% of MVC. Altogether, our findings demonstrate an inverse relation between alpha oscillations and the iSP during strong levels of bimanual force generation. We suggest that interactions between neural pathways mediating alpha oscillatory activity and transcallosal inhibition between motor cortices might contribute to the steadiness of strong bilateral isometric muscle contractions in intact humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Long
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Toshiki Tazoe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Demetris S Soteropoulos
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Monica A Perez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
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24
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Calabro FJ, Perez MA. Bilateral reach-to-grasp movement asymmetries after human spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:157-67. [PMID: 26467518 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00692.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans typically damages both sides of the spinal cord, resulting in asymmetric functional impairments in the arms. Despite this well-accepted notion and the growing emphasis on the use of bimanual training strategies, how movement of one arm affects the motion of the contralateral arm after SCI remains unknown. Using kinematics and multichannel electromyographic (EMG) recordings we studied unilateral and bilateral reach-to-grasp movements to a small and a large cylinder in individuals with asymmetric arm impairments due to cervical SCI and age-matched control subjects. We found that the stronger arm of SCI subjects showed movement durations longer than control subjects during bilateral compared with unilateral trials. Specifically, movement duration was prolonged when opening and closing the hand when reaching for a large and a small object, respectively, accompanied by deficient activation of finger flexor and extensor muscles. In subjects with SCI interlimb coordination was reduced compared with control subjects, and individuals with lesser coordination between hands were those who showed prolonged times to open the hand. Although the weaker arm showed movement durations during bilateral compared with unilateral trials that were proportional to controls, the stronger arm was excessively delayed during bilateral reaching. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that during bilateral reach-to-grasp movements the more impaired arm has detrimental effects on hand opening and closing of the less impaired arm and that they are related, at least in part, to deficient control of EMG activity of hand muscles. We suggest that hand opening might provide a time to drive bimanual coordination adjustments after human SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Systems Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Monica A Perez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Systems Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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25
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Propper RE, Barr TD, Brunyé TT. Lateralized differences in tympanic membrane temperature, but not induced mood, are related to episodic memory. Brain Cogn 2015; 94:52-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
It has been proposed that ipsilateral motor pathways play a role in the control of ipsilateral movements and recovery of function after injury. However, the extent to which ipsilateral motor pathways are engaged in voluntary activity in intact humans remains largely unknown. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation over the arm representation of the primary motor cortex, we examined ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials (iMEPs) in a proximal arm muscle during increasing levels of unilateral and bilateral isometric force in a sitting position. We demonstrate that iMEP area and amplitude decreased during bilateral contraction of homonymous (elbow flexor) muscles and increased during bilateral contraction of heteronymous (elbow flexor and extensor) muscles compared with a unilateral contraction, regardless of the level of force tested. To further understand the neuronal inputs involved in the bilateral effects, we examined the contribution from neck afferents projecting onto ipsilateral motor pathways. Medial (away from the muscle tested) and lateral (toward the muscle tested) rotation of the head enhanced bilateral iMEP effects from homonymous and heteronymous muscles, respectively. In contrast, head flexion and extension exerted nonspecific bilateral effects on iMEPs. Intracortical inhibition, in the motor cortex where iMEPs originated, showed modulation compatible with the changes in iMEPs. We conclude that ipsilateral projections to proximal arm muscles can be selectively modulated by voluntary contraction of contralateral arm muscles, likely involving circuits mediating asymmetric tonic neck reflexes acting, at least in part, at the cortical level. The pattern of bilateral actions may represent a strategy to engage ipsilateral motor pathways in a motor behavior.
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27
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Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Petit L, Zago L, Crivello F, Vinuesa N, Joliot M, Jobard G, Mellet E, Mazoyer B. Between-hand difference in ipsilateral deactivation is associated with hand lateralization: fMRI mapping of 284 volunteers balanced for handedness. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:5. [PMID: 25705184 PMCID: PMC4319399 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In right-handers (RH), an increase in the pace of dominant hand movement results in increased ipsilateral deactivation of the primary motor cortex (M1). By contrast, an increase in non-dominant hand movement frequency is associated with reduced ipsilateral deactivation. This pattern suggests that inhibitory processes support right hand dominance in right-handers and raises the issues of whether this phenomenon also supports left hand preference in left-handers (LH), and/or whether it relates to asymmetry of manual ability in either group. Thanks to the BIL&GIN, a database dedicated to the investigation of hemispheric specialization (HS), we studied the variation in M1 activity during right and left finger tapping tasks (FTT) in a sample of 284 healthy participants balanced for handedness. An M1 fMRI localizer was defined for each participant as an 8 mm diameter sphere centered on the motor activation peak. RH exhibited significantly larger deactivation of the ipsilateral M1 when moving their dominant hand than their non-dominant hand. In contrast, LH exhibited comparable ipsilateral M1 deactivation during either hand movement, reflecting a bilateral cortical specialization. This pattern is likely related to left-handers’ good performances with their right hand and consequent lower asymmetry in manual ability compared with RH. Finally, inter-individual analyses over the whole sample demonstrated that the larger the difference in manual skill across hands, the larger the difference in ipsilateral deactivation. Overall, we propose that difference in ipsilateral deactivation is a marker of difference in manual ability asymmetry reflecting differences in the strength of transcallosal inhibition when a given hand is moving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Petit
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - L Zago
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - F Crivello
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - N Vinuesa
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - M Joliot
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - G Jobard
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - E Mellet
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - B Mazoyer
- GIN UMR5296, CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
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28
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Tazoe T, Endoh T, Kitamura T, Ogata T. Polarity specific effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on interhemispheric inhibition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114244. [PMID: 25478912 PMCID: PMC4257682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a useful interventional brain stimulation technique to improve unilateral upper-limb motor function in healthy humans, as well as in stroke patients. Although tDCS applications are supposed to modify the interhemispheric balance between the motor cortices, the tDCS after-effects on interhemispheric interactions are still poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the tDCS after-effects on interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) between the primary motor cortices (M1) in healthy humans. Three types of tDCS electrode montage were tested on separate days; anodal tDCS over the right M1, cathodal tDCS over the left M1, bilateral tDCS with anode over the right M1 and cathode over the left M1. Single-pulse and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulations were given to the left M1 and right M1 before and after tDCS to assess the bilateral corticospinal excitabilities and mutual direction of IHI. Regardless of the electrode montages, corticospinal excitability was increased on the same side of anodal stimulation and decreased on the same side of cathodal stimulation. However, neither unilateral tDCS changed the corticospinal excitability at the unstimulated side. Unilateral anodal tDCS increased IHI from the facilitated side M1 to the unchanged side M1, but it did not change IHI in the other direction. Unilateral cathodal tDCS suppressed IHI both from the inhibited side M1 to the unchanged side M1 and from the unchanged side M1 to the inhibited side M1. Bilateral tDCS increased IHI from the facilitated side M1 to the inhibited side M1 and attenuated IHI in the opposite direction. Sham-tDCS affected neither corticospinal excitability nor IHI. These findings indicate that tDCS produced polarity-specific after-effects on the interhemispheric interactions between M1 and that those after-effects on interhemispheric interactions were mainly dependent on whether tDCS resulted in the facilitation or inhibition of the M1 sending interhemispheric volleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tazoe
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Endoh
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Faculty of Child Development and Education, Uekusa Gakuen University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taku Kitamura
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Division of Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Cunningham DA, Machado A, Janini D, Varnerin N, Bonnett C, Yue G, Jones S, Lowe M, Beall E, Sakaie K, Plow EB. Assessment of inter-hemispheric imbalance using imaging and noninvasive brain stimulation in patients with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 96:S94-103. [PMID: 25194451 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.07.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how interhemispheric balance in stroke, measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), relates to balance defined using neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance [fMRI], diffusion-tensor imaging [DTI]) and how these metrics of balance are associated with clinical measures of upper-limb function and disability. DESIGN Cross sectional. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Patients with chronic stroke (N = 10; age, 63 ± 9 y) in a population-based sample with unilateral upper-limb paresis. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Interhemispheric balance was measured with TMS, fMRI, and DTI. TMS defined interhemispheric differences in the recruitment of corticospinal output, size of the corticomotor output maps, and degree of mutual transcallosal inhibition that they exerted on one another. fMRI studied whether cortical activation during the movement of the paretic hand was lateralized to the ipsilesional or to the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor cortex (SMA). DTI was used to define interhemispheric differences in the integrity of the corticospinal tracts projecting from the M1. Clinical outcomes tested function (upper extremity Fugl-Meyer [UEFM]) and perceived disability in the use of the paretic hand (Motor Activity Log [MAL] amount score). RESULTS Interhemispheric balance assessed with TMS relates differently to fMRI and DTI. Patients with high fMRI lateralization to the ipsilesional hemisphere possessed stronger ipsilesional corticomotor output maps (M1: r = .831, P = .006; PMC: r = .797, P = .01) and better balance of mutual transcallosal inhibition (r = .810, P = .015). Conversely, we found that patients with less integrity of the corticospinal tracts in the ipsilesional hemisphere show greater corticospinal output of homologous tracts in the contralesional hemisphere (r = .850, P = .004). However, an imbalance in integrity and output do not relate to transcallosal inhibition. Clinically, although patients with less integrity of corticospinal tracts from the ipsilesional hemisphere showed worse impairments (UEFM) (r = -.768, P = .016), those with low fMRI lateralization to the ipsilesional hemisphere had greater perception of disability (MAL amount score) (M1: r = .883, P = .006; PMC: r = .817, P = .007; SMA: r = .633, P = .062). CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic motor deficits of the upper limb, fMRI may serve to mark perceived disability and transcallosal influence between hemispheres. DTI-based integrity of the corticospinal tracts, however, may be useful in categorizing the range of functional impairments of the upper limb. Further, in patients with extensive corticospinal damage, DTI may help infer the role of the contralesional hemisphere in recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cunningham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Andre Machado
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel Janini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nicole Varnerin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Corin Bonnett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Guang Yue
- Human Performance and Engineering Laboratory, Kessler Foundation Research Center, West Orange, NJ
| | | | - Mark Lowe
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Erik Beall
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ken Sakaie
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ela B Plow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
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Perez MA, Butler JE, Taylor JL. Modulation of transcallosal inhibition by bilateral activation of agonist and antagonist proximal arm muscles. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:405-14. [PMID: 24155008 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00322.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcallosal inhibitory interactions between proximal representations in the primary motor cortex remain poorly understood. In this study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to examine the ipsilateral silent period (iSP; a measure of transcallosal inhibition) in the biceps and triceps brachii during unilateral and bilateral isometric voluntary contractions. Healthy volunteers performed 10% of maximal isometric voluntary elbow flexion or extension with one arm while the contralateral arm remained at rest or performed 30% of maximal isometric voluntary elbow flexion or extension. The iSP was measured in the arm performing 10% contractions, and electromyographic (EMG) recordings were comparable across conditions. The iSP onset and duration in the biceps and triceps brachii were comparable. In both muscles, the iSP depth and area were increased during bilateral contractions of homologous agonist muscles (extension-extension and flexion-flexion) compared with a unilateral contraction, whereas during bilateral contractions of nonhomologous antagonist muscles (extension-flexion and flexion-extension), the iSP depth and area were decreased compared with a unilateral contraction, and sometimes facilitation of EMG was seen. This effect was never observed during bilateral activation of homologous muscles. The size of responses evoked by cervicomedullary electrical stimulation in the arm that made 10% contractions remained unchanged across conditions. Thus transcallosal inhibition targeting triceps and biceps brachii is upregulated by voluntary contraction of the contralateral agonist muscle and downregulated by voluntary contraction of the contralateral antagonist muscle. We speculate that these reciprocal task-dependent interactions between bilateral flexor and extensor arm regions of the motor cortex may contribute to coupling between the arms during motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Perez
- Neuroscience Research Australia and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; and
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