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Mogil JS, Parisien M, Esfahani SJ, Diatchenko L. Sex differences in mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105749. [PMID: 38838876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of sex-as-a-biological-variable policies at funding agencies around the world has led to an explosion of very recent observations of sex differences in the biology underlying pain. This review considers evidence of sexually dimorphic mechanisms mediating pain hypersensitivity, derived from modern assays of persistent pain in rodent animal models. Three well-studied findings are described in detail: the male-specific role of spinal cord microglia, the female-specific role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and the female-specific role of prolactin and its receptor. Other findings of sex-specific molecular involvement in pain are subjected to pathway analyses and reveal at least one novel hypothesis: that females may preferentially use Th1 and males Th2 T cell activity to mediate chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Mogil
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Marc Parisien
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Sahel J Esfahani
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
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2
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Hullugundi SK, Dolkas J, Chernov AV, Yaksh TL, Eddinger KA, Angert M, Catroli GF, Strongin AY, Dougherty PM, Li Y, Quehenberger O, Armando A, Shubayev VI. Cholesterol-dependent LXR transcription factor activity represses pronociceptive effects of estrogen in sensory neurons and pain induced by myelin basic protein fragments. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100757. [PMID: 38590761 PMCID: PMC10999831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A bioactive myelin basic protein (MBP) fragment, comprising MBP84-104, is released in sciatic nerve after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Intraneural injection (IN) of MBP84-104 in an intact sciatic nerve is sufficient to induce persistent neuropathic pain-like behavior via robust transcriptional remodeling at the injection site and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. The sex (female)-specific pronociceptive activity of MBP84-104 associates with sex-specific changes in cholesterol metabolism and activation of estrogen receptor (ESR)1 signaling. Methods In male and female normal and post-CCI rat sciatic nerves, we assessed: (i) cholesterol precursor and metabolite levels by lipidomics; (ii) MBP84-104 interactors by mass spectrometry of MBP84-104 pull-down; and (iii) liver X receptor (LXR)α protein expression by immunoblotting. To test the effect of LXRα stimulation on IN MBP84-104-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, the LXRα expression was confirmed along the segmental neuraxis, in DRG and spinal cord, followed by von Frey testing of the effect of intrathecally administered synthetic LXR agonist, GW3965. In cultured male and female rat DRGs exposed to MBP84-104 and/or estrogen treatments, transcriptional effect of LXR stimulation by GW3965 was assessed on downstream cholesterol transporter Abc, interleukin (IL)-6, and pronociceptive Cacna2d1 gene expression. Results CCI regulated LXRα ligand and receptor levels in nerves of both sexes, with cholesterol precursors, desmosterol and 7-DHC, and oxysterol elevated in females relative to males. MBP84-104 interacted with nuclear receptor coactivator (Ncoa)1, known to activate LXRα, injury-specific in nerves of both sexes. LXR stimulation suppressed ESR1-induced IL-6 and Cacna2d1 expression in cultured DRGs of both sexes and attenuated MBP84-104-induced pain in females. Conclusion The injury-released bioactive MBP fragments induce pronociceptive changes by selective inactivation of nuclear transcription factors, including LXRα. By Ncoa1 sequestration, bioactive MBP fragments render LXRα function to counteract pronociceptive activity of estrogen/ESR1 in sensory neurons. This effect of MBP fragments is prevalent in females due to high circulating estrogen levels in females relative to males. Restoring LXR activity presents a promising therapeutic strategy in management of neuropathic pain induced by bioactive MBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi K. Hullugundi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrei V. Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A. Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Glaucilene Ferreira Catroli
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex Y. Strongin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Dougherty
- Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aaron Armando
- Lipidomics Core, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Araldi D, Khomula EV, Bonet IJM, Bogen O, Green PG, Levine JD. Role of pattern recognition receptors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Brain 2024; 147:1025-1042. [PMID: 37787114 PMCID: PMC10907096 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the development of effective chemotherapy is producing a growing population of patients with acute and chronic painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a serious treatment-limiting side effect for which there is currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment. CIPNs induced by diverse classes of chemotherapy drugs have remarkably similar clinical presentations, leading to the suggestion they share underlying mechanisms. Sensory neurons share with immune cells the ability to detect damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), molecules produced by diverse cell types in response to cellular stress and injury, including by chemotherapy drugs. DAMPs, in turn, are ligands for pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), several of which are found on sensory neurons, as well as satellite cells, and cells of the immune system. In the present experiments, we evaluated the role of two PRRs, TLR4 and RAGE, present in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), in CIPN. Antisense (AS)-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) against TLR4 and RAGE mRNA were administered intrathecally before ('prevention protocol') or 3 days after ('reversal protocol') the last administration of each of three chemotherapy drugs that treat cancer by different mechanisms (oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and bortezomib). TLR4 and RAGE AS-ODN prevented the development of CIPN induced by all three chemotherapy drugs. In the reversal protocol, however, while TLR4 AS-ODN completely reversed oxaliplatin- and paclitaxel-induced CIPN, in rats with bortezomib-induced CIPN it only produced a temporary attenuation. RAGE AS-ODN, in contrast, reversed CIPN induced by all three chemotherapy drugs. When a TLR4 antagonist was administered intradermally to the peripheral nociceptor terminal, it did not affect CIPN induced by any of the chemotherapy drugs. However, when administered intrathecally, to the central terminal, it attenuated hyperalgesia induced by all three chemotherapy drugs, compatible with a role of TLR4 in neurotransmission at the central terminal but not sensory transduction at the peripheral terminal. Finally, since it has been established that cultured DRG neurons can be used to study direct effects of chemotherapy on nociceptors, we also evaluated the role of TLR4 in CIPN at the cellular level, using patch-clamp electrophysiology in DRG neurons cultured from control and chemotherapy-treated rats. We found that increased excitability of small-diameter DRG neurons induced by in vivo and in vitro exposure to oxaliplatin is TLR4-dependent. Our findings suggest that in addition to the established contribution of PRR-dependent neuroimmune mechanisms, PRRs in DRG cells also have an important role in CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eugen V Khomula
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ivan J M Bonet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oliver Bogen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul G Green
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Fotio Y, Mabou Tagne A, Squire E, Lee HL, Phillips CM, Chang K, Ahmed F, Greenberg AS, Villalta SA, Scarfone VM, Spadoni G, Mor M, Piomelli D. NAAA-regulated lipid signaling in monocytes controls the induction of hyperalgesic priming in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1705. [PMID: 38402219 PMCID: PMC10894261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating monocytes participate in pain chronification but the molecular events that cause their deployment are unclear. Using a mouse model of hyperalgesic priming (HP), we show that monocytes enable progression to pain chronicity through a mechanism that requires transient activation of the hydrolase, N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), and the consequent suppression of NAAA-regulated lipid signaling at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). Inhibiting NAAA in the 72 hours following administration of a priming stimulus prevented HP. This effect was phenocopied by NAAA deletion and depended on PPAR-α recruitment. Mice lacking NAAA in CD11b+ cells - monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils - were resistant to HP induction. Conversely, mice overexpressing NAAA or lacking PPAR-α in the same cells were constitutively primed. Depletion of monocytes, but not resident macrophages, generated mice that were refractory to HP. The results identify NAAA-regulated signaling in monocytes as a control node in the induction of HP and, potentially, the transition to pain chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erica Squire
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Connor M Phillips
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa M Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo,", Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Khomula EV, Araldi D, Green PG, Levine JD. Sensitization of human and rat nociceptors by low dose morphine is toll-like receptor 4-dependent. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241227922. [PMID: 38195088 PMCID: PMC10851754 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241227922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
While opioids remain amongst the most effective treatments for moderate-to-severe pain, their substantial side effect profile remains a major limitation to broader clinical use. One such side effect is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which includes a transition from opioid-induced analgesia to pain enhancement. Evidence in rodents supports the suggestion that OIH may be produced by the action of opioids at Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) either on immune cells that, in turn, produce pronociceptive mediators to act on nociceptors, or by a direct action at nociceptor TLR4. And, sub-analgesic doses of several opioids have been shown to induce hyperalgesia in rodents by their action as TLR4 agonists. In the present in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology experiments, we demonstrate that low dose morphine directly sensitizes human as well as rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, an effect of this opioid analgesic that is antagonized by LPS-RS Ultrapure, a selective TLR4 antagonist. We found that low concentration (100 nM) of morphine reduced rheobase in human (by 36%) and rat (by 26%) putative C-type nociceptors, an effect of morphine that was markedly attenuated by preincubation with LPS-RS Ultrapure. Our findings support the suggestion that in humans, as in rodents, OIH is mediated by the direct action of opioids at TLR4 on nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen V Khomula
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Green
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Preventative & Restorative Dental Sciences, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, and UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Khomula EV, Levine JD. Morphine acts in vitro to directly prime nociceptors. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241260348. [PMID: 38828868 PMCID: PMC11149440 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241260348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperalgesic priming is a preclinical model of the transition from acute to chronic pain characterized by a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for and marked prolongation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, in vivo. In vitro, priming in nociceptors is characterized by a leftward shift in the concentration dependence for PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization. In the present in vitro study we tested the hypothesis that a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist opioid analgesic, morphine, can produce priming by its direct action on nociceptors. We report that treatment of nociceptors with morphine, in vitro, produces a leftward shift in the concentration dependence for PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization. Our findings support the suggestion that opioids act directly on nociceptors to induce priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen V. Khomula
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, and UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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7
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Khomula EV, Levine JD. Sensitization of Human and Rat Nociceptors by Low Dose Morphine is TLR4-dependent. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572472. [PMID: 38187676 PMCID: PMC10769211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
While opioids remain amongst the most effective treatments for moderate-to-severe pain, their substantial side effect profile remains a major limitation to broader clinical use. One such side effect is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which includes a transition from opioid-induced analgesia to pain enhancement. Evidence in rodents supports the suggestion that OIH may be produced by the action of opioids at Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) either on immune cells that, in turn, produce pronociceptive mediators to act on nociceptors, or by a direct action at nociceptor TLR4. And, sub-analgesic doses of several opioids have been shown to induce hyperalgesia in rodents by their action as TLR4 agonists. In the present in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology experiments, we demonstrate that low dose morphine directly sensitizes human as well as rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, an effect of this opioid analgesic that is antagonized by LPS-RS Ultrapure, a selective TLR4 antagonist. We found that morphine (100 nM) reduced rheobase in human (by 36%) and rat (by 26%) putative C-type nociceptors, an effect of morphine that was markedly attenuated by preincubation with LPS-RS Ultrapure. Our findings support the suggestion that in humans, as well as in rodents, OIH is mediated by the direct action of opioids at TLR4 on nociceptors.
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Ferrari LF, Wilkinson A, Cahoon C, Ramirez A, Rey C, Donaldson GW, Taylor NE. Descending Control of Nociception Poorly Predicts the Development of Persistent Postsurgical Pain-like Behavior in Consomic Dahl S Rat Strains. Anesthesiology 2023; 139:476-491. [PMID: 37351557 PMCID: PMC10530067 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic postsurgical pain is a poorly recognized outcome of surgery where patients experience pain long after healing from the surgical insult. Descending control of nociception, a phenomenon whereby application of a strong nociceptive stimulus to one part of the body of animals inhibits pain in remote body regions, offers one strategy to identify a propensity to develop chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior. Here, consomic rat panel was used to test the hypothesis that pain persistence is mechanistically linked to ineffective descending control of nociception. METHODS Male and female Brown Norway, Dahl S, and eight consomic strains (SS-xBN) were used to determine the presence of chronic postsurgical pain-like behaviors by using paw-withdrawal threshold evaluation (von Frey method) in the area adjacent to a hind paw plantar incision. Descending control of nociception was assessed by measuring hind paw-withdrawal thresholds (Randall-Selitto method) after capsaicin (125 µg) injection into a forepaw. Consomic rats were developed by introgressing individual Brown Norway chromosomes on the Dahl S rat genetic background, as Dahl S rats lack preoperative descending control of nociception. RESULTS Substitution of several chromosomes from the "pain-resistant" Brown Norway to the "pain-prone" Dahl S/Medical College of Wisconsin reduced mechanical nociceptive sensitivity and increased endogenous pain modulation capacity by differing degrees. Statistical modeling of these data revealed that descending control of nociception is a poor general predictor of the propensity to develop chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior (poor fit for model 1). However, a significant strain-by-descending control of nociception interaction was revealed (model 3, -2*log likelihood; 550.668, -2ll change; 18.093, P = 0.034) with SS-13BN and SS-15BN strains showing a negative descending control of nociception relationship with chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Descending control of nociception poorly predicted which rat strains developed chronic postsurgical pain-like behavior despite controlling for genetic, environmental, and sex differences. Two consomic strains that mimic clinical chronic postsurgical pain criteria and display a strong negative correlation with descending control of nociception were identified, offering novel candidates for future experiments exploring mechanisms that lead to chronic postsurgical pain. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. Ferrari
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Ashley Wilkinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Christian Cahoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Anna Ramirez
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Charles Rey
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Gary W. Donaldson
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Norman E. Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Araldi D, Green PG, Levine JD. Neuroendocrine mechanisms in oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming. Pain 2023; 164:1375-1387. [PMID: 36729863 PMCID: PMC10182219 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stress plays a major role in the symptom burden of oncology patients and can exacerbate cancer chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a major adverse effect of many classes of chemotherapy. We explored the role of stress in the persistent phase of the pain induced by oxaliplatin. Oxaliplatin induced hyperalgesic priming, a model of the transition to chronic pain, as indicated by prolongation of hyperalgesia produced by prostaglandin E 2 , in male rats, which was markedly attenuated in adrenalectomized rats. A neonatal handling protocol that induces stress resilience in adult rats prevented oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming. To elucidate the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine stress axes in oxaliplatin CIPN, we used intrathecally administered antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) directed against mRNA for receptors mediating the effects of catecholamines and glucocorticoids, and their second messengers, to reduce their expression in nociceptors. Although oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming was attenuated by intrathecal administration of β 2 -adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptor antisense ODNs, oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesia was only attenuated by β 2 -adrenergic receptor antisense. Administration of pertussis toxin, a nonselective inhibitor of Gα i/o proteins, attenuated hyperalgesic priming. Antisense ODNs for Gα i 1 and Gα o also attenuated hyperalgesic priming. Furthermore, antisense for protein kinase C epsilon, a second messenger involved in type I hyperalgesic priming, also attenuated oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming. Inhibitors of second messengers involved in the maintenance of type I (cordycepin) and type II (SSU6656 and U0126) hyperalgesic priming both attenuated hyperalgesic priming. These experiments support a role for neuroendocrine stress axes in hyperalgesic priming, in male rats with oxaliplatin CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul G. Green
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and
- Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and
- Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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10
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexual dimorphism of early transcriptional reprogramming in degenerating peripheral nerves. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1029278. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1029278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a powerful yet understudied factor that influences the timing and efficiency of gene regulation in axonal injury and repair processes in the peripheral nervous system. Here, we identified common and distinct biological processes in female and male degenerating (distal) nerve stumps based on a snapshot of transcriptional reprogramming 24 h after axotomy reflecting the onset of early phase Wallerian degeneration (WD). Females exhibited transcriptional downregulation of a larger number of genes than males. RhoGDI, ERBB, and ERK5 signaling pathways increased activity in both sexes. Males upregulated genes and canonical pathways that exhibited robust baseline expression in females in both axotomized and sham nerves, including signaling pathways controlled by neuregulin and nerve growth factors. Cholesterol biosynthesis, reelin signaling, and synaptogenesis signaling pathways were downregulated in females. Signaling by Rho Family GTPases, cAMP-mediated signaling, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were downregulated in both sexes. Estrogens potentially influenced sex-dependent injury response due to distinct regulation of estrogen receptor expression. A crosstalk of cytokines and growth hormones could promote sexually dimorphic transcriptional responses. We highlighted prospective regulatory activities due to protein phosphorylation, extracellular proteolysis, sex chromosome-specific expression, major urinary proteins (MUPs), and genes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. Combined with our earlier findings in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and regenerating (proximal) nerve stumps, sex-specific and universal early phase molecular triggers of WD enrich our knowledge of transcriptional regulation in peripheral nerve injury and repair.
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11
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Presto P, Mazzitelli M, Junell R, Griffin Z, Neugebauer V. Sex differences in pain along the neuraxis. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Sex-dependent pain trajectories induced by prolactin require an inflammatory response for pain resolution. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:246-263. [PMID: 35065194 PMCID: PMC9173405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain development and resolution patterns in many diseases are sex-dependent. This study aimed to develop pain models with sex-dependent resolution trajectories, and identify factors linked to resolution of pain in females and males. Using different intra-plantar (i.pl.) treatment protocols with prolactin (PRL), we established models with distinct, sex-dependent patterns for development and resolution of pain. An acute PRL-evoked pain trajectory, in which hypersensitivity is fully resolved within 1 day, showed substantial transcriptional changes after pain-resolution in female and male hindpaws and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). This finding supports the notion that pain resolution is an active process. Prolonged treatment with PRL high dose (1 μg) evoked mechanical hypersensitivity that resolved within 5-7 days in mice of both sexes and exhibited a pro-inflammatory transcriptional response in the hindpaw, but not DRG, at the time point preceding resolution. Flow cytometry analysis linked pro-inflammatory responses in female hindpaws to macrophages/monocytes, especially CD11b+/CD64+/MHCII+ cell accumulation. Prolonged low dose PRL (0.1 μg) treatment caused non-resolving mechanical hypersensitivity only in females. This effect was independent of sensory neuronal PRLR and was associated with a lack of immune response in the hindpaw, although many genes underlying tissue damage were affected. We conclude that different i.pl. PRL treatment protocols generates distinct, sex-specific pain hypersensitivity resolution patterns. PRL-induced pain resolution is preceded by a pro-inflammatory macrophage/monocyte-associated response in the hindpaws of mice of both sexes. On the other hand, the absence of a peripheral inflammatory response creates a permissive condition for PRL-induced pain persistency in females.
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Hankerd K, McDonough KE, Wang J, Tang SJ, Chung JM, La JH. Postinjury stimulation triggers a transition to nociplastic pain in mice. Pain 2022; 163:461-473. [PMID: 34285154 PMCID: PMC8669020 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute injury-induced pain can transition to chronic nociplastic pain, which predominantly affects women. To facilitate studies on the underlying mechanisms of nociplastic pain, we developed a mouse model in which postinjury thermal stimulation (intermittent 40°C water immersion for 10 minutes at 2 hours postcapsaicin) prolongs capsaicin (ie, experimental injury)-induced transient mechanical hypersensitivity outside of the injury area. Although capsaicin injection alone induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity that resolved in ∼7 days (slower recovery in females), the postinjury stimulation prolonged capsaicin-induced mechanical, but not thermal, hypersensitivity up to 3 weeks in both sexes. When postinjury stimulation was given at a lower intensity (30°C) or at later time points (40°C at 1-3 days postcapsaicin), chronification of mechanical hypersensitivity occurred only in females. Similar chronification could be induced by a different postinjury stimulation modality (vibration of paw) or with a different injury model (plantar incision). Notably, the 40°C postinjury stimulation did not prolong capsaicin-induced inflammation in the hind paw, indicating that the prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity in these mice arises without clear evidence of ongoing injury, reflecting nociplastic pain. Although morphine and gabapentin effectively alleviated this persistent mechanical hypersensitivity in both sexes, sexually dimorphic mechanisms mediated the hypersensitivity. Specifically, ongoing afferent activity at the previously capsaicin-injected area was critical in females, whereas activated spinal microglia were crucial in males. These results demonstrate that postinjury stimulation of the injured area can trigger the transition from transient pain to nociplastic pain more readily in females, and sex-dependent mechanisms maintain the nociplastic pain state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Hankerd
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexual Dimorphism of Early Transcriptional Reprogramming in Dorsal Root Ganglia After Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:779024. [PMID: 34966260 PMCID: PMC8710713 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.779024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming of first-order neurons and auxiliary cells of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that onset and mechanistic principles of post-nerve injury processes are sexually dimorphic. We examined largely understudied aspects of early transcriptional events in DRG within 24 h after sciatic nerve axotomy in mice of both sexes. Using high-depth RNA sequencing (>50 million reads/sample) to pinpoint sexually dimorphic changes related to regeneration, immune response, bioenergy, and sensory functions, we identified a higher number of transcriptional changes in male relative to female DRG. In males, the decline in ion channel transcripts was accompanied by the induction of innate immune cascades via TLR, chemokine, and Csf1-receptor axis and robust regenerative programs driven by Sox, Twist1/2, and Pax5/9 transcription factors. Females demonstrated nerve injury-specific transcriptional co-activation of the actinin 2 network. The predicted upstream regulators and interactive networks highlighted the role of novel epigenetic factors and genetic linkage to sex chromosomes as hallmarks of gene regulation post-axotomy. We implicated epigenetic X chromosome inactivation in the regulation of immune response activity uniquely in females. Sexually dimorphic regulation of MMP/ADAMTS metalloproteinases and their intrinsic X-linked regulator Timp1 contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling integrated with pro-regenerative and immune functions. Lexis1 non-coding RNA involved in LXR-mediated lipid metabolism was identified as a novel nerve injury marker. Together, our data identified unique early response triggers of sex-specific peripheral nerve injury regulation to gain mechanistic insights into the origin of female- and male-prevalent sensory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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15
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Walker SM. Developmental Mechanisms of CPSP: Clinical Observations and Translational Laboratory Evaluations. Can J Pain 2021; 6:49-60. [PMID: 35910395 PMCID: PMC9331197 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2021.1999796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms that underly the transition from acute to chronic pain and identifying potential targets for preventing or minimizing this progression have specific relevance for chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). Though it is clear that multiple psychosocial, family, and environmental factors may influence CPSP, this review will focus on parallels between clinical observations and translational laboratory studies investigating the acute and long-term effects of surgical injury on nociceptive pathways. This includes data related to alterations in sensitivity at different points along nociceptive pathways from the periphery to the brain; age- and sex-dependent mechanisms underlying the transition from acute to persistent pain; potential targets for preventive interventions; and the impact of prior surgical injury. Ongoing preclinical studies evaluating age- and sex-dependent mechanisms will also inform comparative efficacy and preclinical safety assessments of potential preventive pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing the risk of CPSP. In future clinical studies, more detailed and longitudinal peri-operative phenotyping with patient- and parent-reported chronic pain core outcomes, alongside more specialized evaluations of somatosensory function, modulation, and circuitry, may enhance understanding of individual variability in postsurgical pain trajectories and improve recognition and management of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen M. Walker
- Clinical Neurosciences (Pain Research), Developmental Neurosciences, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Chen JH, Sun Y, Ju PJ, Wei JB, Li QJ, Winston JH. Estrogen augmented visceral pain and colonic neuron modulation in a double-hit model of prenatal and adult stress. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5060-5075. [PMID: 34497435 PMCID: PMC8384739 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.5060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress during pregnancy may increase visceral hyperalgesia of offspring in a sex-dependent way. Combining adult stress in offspring will increase this sensitivity. Based on the evidence implicating estrogen in exacerbating visceral hypersensitivity in female rodents in preclinical models, we predicted that chronic prenatal stress (CPS) + chronic adult stress (CAS) will maximize visceral hyperalgesia; and that estrogen plays an important role in colonic hyperalgesia.
AIM The aim was to illuminate the role of estrogen in colonic hyperalgesia and its underlying mechanisms.
METHODS We established a CPS plus CAS rodent model in which the balloon was used to distend the colorectum. The single-fiber recording in vivo and patch clamp experiments in vitro were used to monitor the colonic neuron’s activity. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to study the effects of CPS and CAS on colon primary afferent sensitivity. We used ovariectomy and letrozole to reduce estrogen levels of female rats respectively in order to assess the role of estrogen in female-specific enhanced primary afferent sensitization.
RESULTS Spontaneous activity and single fiber activity were significantly greater in females than in males. The enhanced sensitization in female rats mainly came from low-threshold neurons. CPS significantly increased single-unit afferent fiber activity in L6-S2 dorsal roots in response. Activity was further enhanced by CAS. In addition, the excitability of colon-projecting dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons increased in CPS + CAS rats and was associated with a decrease in transient A-type K+ currents. Compared with ovariectomy, treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole significantly reduced estrogen levels in female rats, confirming the gender difference. Moreover, mice treated with letrozole had decreased colonic DRG neuron excitability. The intrathecal infusion of estrogen increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels and contributed to the response to visceral pain. Western blotting showed that nerve growth factor protein was upregulated in CPS + CAS mice.
CONCLUSION This study adds to the evidence that estrogen-dependent sensitization of primary afferent colon neurons is involved in the development of chronic stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Ying Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Pei-Jun Ju
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jin-Bao Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qing-Jie Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - John H Winston
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Bonet IJM, Green PG, Levine JD. Sexual dimorphism in the nociceptive effects of hyaluronan. Pain 2021; 162:1116-1125. [PMID: 33065736 PMCID: PMC7969372 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Intradermal administration of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMWH) in the hind paw induced dose-dependent (0.1, 1, or 10 µg) mechanical hyperalgesia of similar magnitude in male and female rats. However, the duration of LMWH hyperalgesia was greater in females. This sexual dimorphism was eliminated by bilateral ovariectomy and by intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) mRNA in females, indicating estrogen dependence. To assess the receptors at which LMWH acts to induce hyperalgesia, LMWH was administered to groups of male and female rats that had been pretreated with ODN antisense (or mismatch) to the mRNA for 1 of 3 hyaluronan receptors, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), toll-like receptor 4, or receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM). Although LMWH-induced hyperalgesia was attenuated in both male and female rats pretreated with ODN antisense for CD44 and toll-like receptor 4 mRNA, RHAMM antisense pretreatment only attenuated LMWH-induced hyperalgesia in males. Oligodeoxynucleotide antisense for RHAMM, however, attenuated LMWH-induced hyperalgesia in female rats treated with ODN antisense to GPR30, as well as in ovariectomized females. Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan-induced hyperalgesia was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWH) in male, but not in female rats. After gonadectomy or treatment with ODN antisense to GPR30 expression in females, HMWH produced similar attenuation of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia to that seen in males. These experiments identify nociceptors at which LMWH acts to produce mechanical hyperalgesia, establishes estrogen dependence in the role of RHAMM in female rats, and establishes estrogen dependence in the inhibition of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia by HMWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan J. M. Bonet
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul G. Green
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Departments of Preventative & Restorative Dental Sciences and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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18
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Chen Q, Zhang W, Sadana N, Chen X. Estrogen receptors in pain modulation: cellular signaling. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:22. [PMID: 33568220 PMCID: PMC7877067 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory perception and emotional disorders are disproportionally represented in men and women and are thus thought to be modulated by different sex hormones in various conditions. Among the most important hormones perceived to affect sensory processing and transduction is estrogen. Numerous previous researchers have endeavored to demonstrate that estrogen is capable of modulating the activity of sensory neurons in peripheral and central sites in female, male, or castrated animals. However, the underlying mechanisms of its modulation of neuronal activity are somewhat unclear. In the present review, we discuss the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of nociception by estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Neeti Sadana
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesic Priming in Single Nociceptors. J Neurosci 2020; 41:31-46. [PMID: 33203743 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2160-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists produce hyperalgesic priming, a form of maladaptive nociceptor neuroplasticity, resulting in pain chronification. We have established an in vitro model of opioid-induced hyperalgesic priming (OIHP), in male rats, to identify nociceptor populations involved and its maintenance mechanisms. OIHP was induced in vivo by systemic administration of fentanyl and confirmed by prolongation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) hyperalgesia. Intrathecal cordycepin, which reverses Type I priming, or the combination of Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, which reverses Type II priming, both partially attenuated OIHP. Parallel in vitro experiments were performed on small-diameter (<30 µm) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, cultured from fentanyl-primed rats, and rats with OIHP treated with agents that reverse Type I or Type II priming. Enhancement of the sensitizing effect of a low concentration of PGE2 (10 nm), another characteristic feature of priming, measured as reduction in action potential (AP) rheobase, was found in weakly isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive and IB4-negative (IB4-) neurons. In strongly IB4-positive (IB4+) neurons, only the response to a higher concentration of PGE2 (100 nm) was enhanced. The sensitizing effect of 10 nm PGE2 was attenuated in weakly IB4+ and IB4- neurons cultured from rats whose OIHP was reversed in vivo Thus, in vivo administration of fentanyl induces neuroplasticity in weakly IB4+ and IB4- nociceptors that persists in vitro and has properties of Type I and Type II priming. The mechanism underlying the enhanced sensitizing effect of 100 nm PGE2 in strongly IB4+ nociceptors, not attenuated by inhibitors of Type I and Type II priming, remains to be elucidated.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Commonly used clinical opioid analgesics, such as fentanyl and morphine, can produce hyperalgesia and chronification of pain. To uncover the nociceptor population mediating opioid-induced hyperalgesic priming (OIHP), a model of pain chronification, and elucidate its underlying mechanism, at the cellular level, we established an in vitro model of OIHP. In dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured from rats primed with fentanyl, robust nociceptor population-specific changes in sensitization by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were observed, when compared with nociceptors from opioid naive rats. In DRG neurons cultured from rats with OIHP, enhanced PGE2-induced sensitization was observed in vitro, with differences identified in non-peptidergic [strongly isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive] and peptidergic [weakly IB4-positive (IB4+) and IB4-negative (IB4-)] nociceptors.
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate mobilizes intracellular Ca 2+ in prostate cancer cells through combined Ca 2+ entry and Ca 2+-induced Ca 2+ release. Life Sci 2020; 258:118232. [PMID: 32781066 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the mechanism by which (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) mediates intracellular Ca2+ increase in androgen-independent prostate cancer (PCa) cells. MAIN METHODS Following exposure to different doses of EGCG, viability of DU145 and PC3 PCa cells was evaluated by MTT assay and the intracellular Ca2+ dynamics by the fluorescent Ca2+ chelator Fura-2. The expression of different channels was investigated by qPCR analysis and sulfhydryl bonds by Ellman's assay. KEY FINDINGS EGCG inhibited DU145 and PC3 proliferation with IC50 = 46 and 56 μM, respectively, and induced dose-dependent peaks of internal Ca2+ that were dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The expression of TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels was revealed by qPCR in PC3 cells, but lack of effect by modulators and blockers ruled out an exclusive role for these, as well as for voltage-dependent T-type Ca2+ channels. Application of dithiothreitol and catalase and sulfhydryl (SH) measurements showed that EGCG-induced Ca2+ rise depends on SH oxidation, while the effect of EGTA, dantrolene, and the PLC inhibitor U73122 suggested that EGCG-induced Ca2+ influx acts as a trigger for Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, involving both ryanodine and IP3 receptors. Different from EGCG, ATP caused a rapid Ca2+ increase, which was independent of external Ca2+, but sensitive to U73122. SIGNIFICANCE EGCG induces an internal Ca2+ increase in PCa cells by a multi-step mechanism. As dysregulation of cytosolic Ca2+ is directly linked to apoptosis in PCa cells, these data confirm the possibility of using EGCG as a synergistic adjuvant in combined therapies for recalcitrant malignancies like androgen-independent PCa.
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21
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Truong KM, Cherednichenko G, Pessah IN. Interactions of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) With Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor Type 1. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:509-524. [PMID: 31127943 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are ubiquitous in the environment and detected in tissues of living organisms. Although DDT owes its insecticidal activity to impeding closure of voltage-gated sodium channels, it mediates toxicity in mammals by acting as an endocrine disruptor (ED). Numerous studies demonstrate DDT/DDE to be EDs, but studies examining muscle-specific effects mediated by nonhormonal receptors in mammals are lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDE (DDx, collectively) alter the function of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1), a protein critical for skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling and muscle health. DDx (0.01-10 µM) elicited concentration-dependent increases in [3H]ryanodine ([3H]Ry) binding to RyR1 with o,p'-DDE showing highest potency and efficacy. DDx also showed sex differences in [3H]Ry-binding efficacy toward RyR1, where [3H]Ry-binding in female muscle preparations was greater than male counterparts. Measurements of Ca2+ transport across sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane vesicles further confirmed DDx can selectively engage with RyR1 to cause Ca2+ efflux from SR stores. DDx also disrupts RyR1-signaling in HEK293T cells stably expressing RyR1 (HEK-RyR1). Pretreatment with DDx (0.1-10 µM) for 100 s, 12 h, or 24 h significantly sensitized Ca2+-efflux triggered by RyR agonist caffeine in a concentration-dependent manner. o,p'-DDE (24 h; 1 µM) significantly increased Ca2+-transient amplitude from electrically stimulated mouse myotubes compared with control and displayed abnormal fatigability. In conclusion, our study demonstrates DDx can directly interact and modulate RyR1 conformation, thereby altering SR Ca2+-dynamics and sensitize RyR1-expressing cells to RyR1 activators, which may ultimately contribute to long-term impairments in muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Truong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-5270
| | - Gennady Cherednichenko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-5270
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-5270
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22
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Baptista-de-Souza D, Tavares-Ferreira D, Megat S, Sankaranarayanan I, Shiers S, Flores CM, Ghosh S, Luiz Nunes-de-Souza R, Canto-de-Souza A, Price TJ. Sex differences in the role of atypical PKC within the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in a mouse hyperalgesic priming model. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2020; 8:100049. [PMID: 32548337 PMCID: PMC7284072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Though sex differences in chronic pain have been consistently described in the literature, their underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous work in humans has demonstrated that men and women differentially invoke distinct brain regions and circuits in coping with subjective pain unpleasantness. The goal of the present work was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) that modulate hyperalgesic priming, a pain plasticity model, in males and females. We used plantar incision as the first, priming stimulus and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as the second stimulus. We sought to assess whether hyperalgesic priming can be prevented or reversed by pharmacologically manipulating molecular targets in the BLA of male or female mice. We found that administering ZIP, a cell-permeable inhibitor of aPKC, into the BLA attenuated aspects of hyperalgesic priming induced by plantar incision in males and females. However, incision only upregulated PKCζ/PKMζ immunoreactivity in the BLA of male mice, and deficits in hyperalgesic priming were seen only when we restricted our analysis to male Prkcz-/- mice. On the other hand, intra-BLA microinjections of pep2m, a peptide that interferes with the trafficking and function of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors, a downstream target of aPKC, reduced mechanical hypersensitivity after plantar incision and disrupted the development of hyperalgesic priming in both male and female mice. In addition, pep2m treatment reduced facial grimacing and restored aberrant behavioral responses in the sucrose splash test in male and female primed mice. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated upregulation of GluA2 expression in the BLA of male and female primed mice, consistent with pep2m findings. We conclude that, in a model of incision-induced hyperalgesic priming, PKCζ/PKMζ in the BLA is critical for the development of hyperalgesic priming in males, while GluA2 in the BLA is crucial for the expression of both reflexive and affective pain-related behaviors in both male and female mice in this model. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence of sex differences in molecular pain mechanisms in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Dept. Psychology, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, Sao Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Salim Megat
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Christopher M. Flores
- Janssen Research & Development, Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States
| | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
- Lab. Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Azair Canto-de-Souza
- Dept. Psychology, Federal University of Sao Carlos-UFSCar, Sao Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychology UFSCar, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Theodore J. Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
- Corresponding author at: University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 W Campbell Rd., BSB 14.102, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
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Mechanisms Mediating High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronan-Induced Antihyperalgesia. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6477-6488. [PMID: 32665406 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0166-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the mechanism by which high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWH) attenuates nociceptor sensitization, in the setting of inflammation. HMWH attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia induced by the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in male and female rats. Intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense (AS-ODN) to mRNA for cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), the cognate hyaluronan receptor, and intradermal administration of A5G27, a CD44 receptor antagonist, both attenuated antihyperalgesia induced by HMWH. In male rats, HMWH also signals via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and AS-ODN for TLR4 mRNA administered intrathecally, attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia. Since HMWH signaling is dependent on CD44 clustering in lipid rafts, we pretreated animals with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which disrupts lipid rafts. MβCD markedly attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia. Inhibitors for components of intracellular signaling pathways activated by CD44, including phospholipase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), also attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia. Furthermore, in vitro application of HMWH attenuated PGE2-induced sensitization of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current, in small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons, an effect that was attenuated by a PI3K inhibitor. Our results indicate a central role of CD44 signaling in HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia and suggest novel therapeutic targets, downstream of CD44, for the treatment of pain generated by nociceptor sensitization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT High-molecular-weight-hyaluronan (HMWH) is used to treat osteoarthritis and other pain syndromes. In this study we demonstrate that attenuation of inflammatory hyperalgesia by HMWH is mediated by its action at cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and activation of its downstream signaling pathways, including RhoGTPases (RhoA and Rac1), phospholipases (phospholipases Cε and Cγ1), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, in nociceptors. These findings contribute to our understanding of the antihyperalgesic effect of HMWH and support the hypothesis that CD44 and its downstream signaling pathways represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
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Chernov AV, Hullugundi SK, Eddinger KA, Dolkas J, Remacle AG, Angert M, James BP, Yaksh TL, Strongin AY, Shubayev VI. A myelin basic protein fragment induces sexually dimorphic transcriptome signatures of neuropathic pain in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10807-10821. [PMID: 32532796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral nerve, mechanosensitive axons are insulated by myelin, a multilamellar membrane formed by Schwann cells. Here, we offer first evidence that a myelin degradation product induces mechanical hypersensitivity and global transcriptomics changes in a sex-specific manner. Focusing on downstream signaling events of the functionally active 84-104 myelin basic protein (MBP(84-104)) fragment released after nerve injury, we demonstrate that exposing the sciatic nerve to MBP(84-104) via endoneurial injection produces robust mechanical hypersensitivity in female, but not in male, mice. RNA-seq and systems biology analysis revealed a striking sexual dimorphism in molecular signatures of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord response, not observed at the nerve injection site. Mechanistically, intra-sciatic MBP(84-104) induced phospholipase C (PLC)-driven (females) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-driven (males) phospholipid metabolism (tier 1). PLC/inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and estrogen receptor co-regulation in spinal cord yielded Ca2+-dependent nociceptive signaling induction in females that was suppressed in males (tier 2). IP3R inactivation by intrathecal xestospongin C attenuated the female-specific hypersensitivity induced by MBP(84-104). According to sustained sensitization in tiers 1 and 2, T cell-related signaling spreads to the DRG and spinal cord in females, but remains localized to the sciatic nerve in males (tier 3). These results are consistent with our previous finding that MBP(84-104)-induced pain is T cell-dependent. In summary, an autoantigenic peptide endogenously released in nerve injury triggers multisite, sex-specific transcriptome changes, leading to neuropathic pain only in female mice. MBP(84-104) acts through sustained co-activation of metabolic, estrogen receptor-mediated nociceptive, and autoimmune signaling programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .,Infectious & Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Swathi K Hullugundi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kelly A Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Albert G Remacle
- Infectious & Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian P James
- Infectious & Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Infectious & Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
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Zhang W, Wu H, Xu Q, Chen S, Sun L, Jiao C, Wang L, Fu F, Feng Y, Qian X, Chen X. Estrogen modulation of pain perception with a novel 17β-estradiol pretreatment regime in ovariectomized rats. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 31918752 PMCID: PMC6953313 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays substantial roles in pain modulation; however, studies concerning sex hormones and nociception often yield confusing results. The discrepancy could be a result of lack of consensus to regard estrogen as a variable when working with animal models; thus, the influence of hormones’ fluctuations on nociception has continually been neglected. In the present study, we designed a novel hormone substitution model to aid us to evaluate the effects of estrogen’s long-term alterations on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and the expression of estrogen receptors(ERs). OVX rats were implanted with slow-release estrogen pellets at differently arranged time points and doses, such that a gradual elevation or decrease of serum estrogen levels following a relatively stable period of estrogen replacement was achieved in rats. Our results demonstrated that gradual estrogen depletion rather than elevation following the stable period of estrogen substitution in OVX rats alleviated OVX-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-independent manner, and the opposite estrogen increase or decrease paradigms differently regulate the expression of spinal ERs. Specifically, in rats rendered to continuously increased serum estrogen, the early phase estrogen-induced anti-nociception effect in OVX rats was eliminated, which was accompanied by an over-activation of ERα and a strong depression of ERβ, while in the OVX rats subject to gradual decrease of estrogen replacement, both ERα and ERβ increased modestly compared with the OVX group. Thus, the present study demonstrated that estrogen increase or decrease modulate nociception differently through change of spinal ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866th Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaowei Qian
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Yousuf MS, Maguire AD, Simmen T, Kerr BJ. Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interplay in chronic pain: The calcium connection. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920946889. [PMID: 32787562 PMCID: PMC7427143 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920946889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects roughly a third to a half of the world's population. Despite its substantial effect on society, treatment for chronic pain is modest, at best, notwithstanding its side effects. Hence, novel therapeutics are direly needed. Emerging evidence suggests that calcium plays an integral role in mediating neuronal plasticity that underlies sensitization observed in chronic pain states. The endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria are the largest calcium repositories in a cell. Here, we review how stressors, like accumulation of misfolded proteins and oxidative stress, influence endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria function and contribute to chronic pain. We further examine the shuttling of calcium across the mitochondrial-associated membrane as a mechanism of cross-talk between the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. In addition, we discuss how endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial impairment, and calcium dyshomeostasis are implicated in various models of neuropathic pain. We propose a novel framework of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria signaling in mediating pain hypersensitivity. These observations require further investigation in order to develop novel therapies for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aislinn D Maguire
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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In Vitro Nociceptor Neuroplasticity Associated with In Vivo Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7061-7073. [PMID: 31300521 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1191-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a serious adverse event produced by opioid analgesics. Lack of an in vitro model has hindered study of its underlying mechanisms. Recent evidence has implicated a role of nociceptors in OIH. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of OIH in nociceptors, in vitro, subcutaneous administration of an analgesic dose of fentanyl (30 μg/kg, s.c.) was performed in vivo in male rats. Two days later, when fentanyl was administered intradermally (1 μg, i.d.), in the vicinity of peripheral nociceptor terminals, it produced mechanical hyperalgesia (OIH). Additionally, 2 d after systemic fentanyl, rats had also developed hyperalgesic priming (opioid-primed rats), long-lasting nociceptor neuroplasticity manifested as prolongation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) hyperalgesia. OIH was reversed, in vivo, by intrathecal administration of cordycepin, a protein translation inhibitor that reverses priming. When fentanyl (0.5 nm) was applied to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, cultured from opioid-primed rats, it induced a μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i in 26% of small-diameter neurons and significantly sensitized (decreased action potential rheobase) weakly IB4+ and IB4- neurons. This sensitizing effect of fentanyl was reversed in weakly IB4+ DRG neurons cultured from opioid-primed rats after in vivo treatment with cordycepin, to reverse of OIH. Thus, in vivo administration of fentanyl induces nociceptor neuroplasticity, which persists in culture, providing evidence for the role of nociceptor MOR-mediated calcium signaling and peripheral protein translation, in the weakly IB4-binding population of nociceptors, in OIH.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Clinically used μ-opioid receptor agonists such as fentanyl can produce hyperalgesia and hyperalgesic priming. We report on an in vitro model of nociceptor neuroplasticity mediating this opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and priming induced by fentanyl. Using this model, we have found qualitative and quantitative differences between cultured nociceptors from opioid-naive and opioid-primed animals, and provide evidence for the important role of nociceptor μ-opioid receptor-mediated calcium signaling and peripheral protein translation in the weakly IB4-binding population of nociceptors in OIH. These findings provide information useful for the design of therapeutic strategies to alleviate OIH, a serious adverse event of opioid analgesics.
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Role of Nociceptor Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Hyperalgesic Priming. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6414-6424. [PMID: 31209174 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0966-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to analgesia, opioids produce opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and neuroplasticity characterized by prolongation of inflammatory-mediator-induced hyperalgesia (hyperalgesic priming). We evaluated the hypothesis that hyperalgesia and priming induced by opioids are mediated by similar nociceptor mechanisms. In male rats, we first evaluated the role of nociceptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in OIH and priming induced by systemic low-dose morphine (LDM, 0.03 mg/kg). Intrathecal oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to TLR4 mRNA (TLR4 AS-ODN) prevented OIH and prolongation of prostaglandin E2 hyperalgesia (priming) induced by LDM. In contrast, high-dose morphine (HDM, 3 mg/kg) increased nociceptive threshold (analgesia) and induced priming, neither of which was attenuated by TLR4 AS-ODN. Protein kinase C ε (PKCε) AS-ODN also prevented LDM-induced hyperalgesia and priming, whereas analgesia and priming induced by HDM were unaffected. Treatment with isolectin B4 (IB4)-saporin or SSP-saporin (which deplete IB4+ and peptidergic nociceptors, respectively), or their combination, prevented systemic LDM-induced hyperalgesia, but not priming. HDM-induced priming, but not analgesia, was markedly attenuated in both saporin-treated groups. In conclusion, whereas OIH and priming induced by LDM share receptor and second messenger mechanisms in common, action at TLR4 and signaling via PKCε, HDM-induced analgesia, and priming are neither TLR4 nor PKCε dependent. OIH produced by LDM is mediated by both IB4+ and peptidergic nociceptors, whereas priming is not dependent on the same population. In contrast, priming induced by HDM is mediated by both IB4+ and peptidergic nociceptors. Implications for the use of low-dose opioids combined with nonopioid analgesics and in the treatment of opioid use disorder are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and priming are common side effects of opioid agonists such as morphine, which acts at μ-opioid receptors. We demonstrate that OIH and priming induced by systemic low-dose morphine (LDM) share action at Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and signaling via protein kinase C ε (PKCε) in common, whereas systemic high-dose morphine (HDM)-induced analgesia and priming are neither TLR4 nor PKCε dependent. OIH produced by systemic LDM is mediated by isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) and peptidergic nociceptors, whereas priming is dependent on a different class of nociceptors. Priming induced by systemic HDM is, however, mediated by both IB4+ and peptidergic nociceptors. Our findings may provide useful information for the use of low-dose opioids combined with nonopioid analgesics to treat pain and opioid use disorders.
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Cabrera Zapata LE, Bollo M, Cambiasso MJ. Estradiol-Mediated Axogenesis of Hypothalamic Neurons Requires ERK1/2 and Ryanodine Receptors-Dependent Intracellular Ca 2+ Rise in Male Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:122. [PMID: 31001087 PMCID: PMC6454002 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) induces axonal growth through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)-MAPK cascade in hypothalamic neurons of male rat embryos in vitro, but the mechanism that initiates these events is poorly understood. This study reports the intracellular Ca2+ increase that participates in the activation of ERK1/2 and axogenesis induced by E2. Hypothalamic neuron cultures were established from 16-day-old male rat embryos and fed with astroglia-conditioned media for 48 h. E2-induced ERK phosphorylation was completely abolished by a ryanodine receptor (RyR) inhibitor (ryanodine) and partially attenuated by an L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (L-VGCC) blocker (nifedipine), an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor (2-APB), and a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (U-73122). We also conducted Ca2+ imaging recording using primary cultured neurons. The results show that E2 rapidly induces an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which often occurs in repetitive Ca2+ oscillations. This response was not observed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or with inhibitory ryanodine and was markedly reduced by nifedipine. E2-induced axonal growth was completely inhibited by ryanodine. In summary, the results suggest that Ca2+ mobilization from extracellular space as well as from the endoplasmic reticulum is necessary for E2-induced ERK1/2 activation and axogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms of brain estrogenic actions might contribute to develop novel estrogen-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E Cabrera Zapata
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Julia Cambiasso
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Harris C, Weiss GL, Di S, Tasker JG. Cell signaling dependence of rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100158. [PMID: 31193551 PMCID: PMC6535624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids induce a rapid synthesis of endocannabinoid in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells by activation of a putative membrane receptor. Somato-dendritically released endocannabinoid acts as a retrograde messenger to suppress excitatory synaptic inputs to corticotropin-releasing hormone-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-secreting cells. The non-genomic signaling mechanism responsible for rapid endocannabinoid synthesis by glucocorticoids has yet to be fully characterized. Here we manipulated cell signaling molecules pharmacologically using an intracellular approach to elucidate the signaling pathway activated by the membrane glucocorticoid receptor in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. We found that rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells requires the sequential activation of multiple kinases, phospholipase C, and intracellular calcium mobilization. While there remain gaps in our understanding, our findings reveal many of the critical players in the rapid glucocorticoid signaling that culminates in the retrograde endocannabinoid modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Harris
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grant L Weiss
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shi Di
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Wang A, Yang T, Zhang L, Jia L, Wu Q, Yao S, Xu J, Yang H. IP3-Mediated Calcium Signaling Is Involved in the Mechanism of Fractalkine-Induced Hyperalgesia Response. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8804-8811. [PMID: 30517088 PMCID: PMC6290586 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fractalkine is widely expressed throughout the brain and spinal cord, where it can exert effects on pain enhancement and hyperalgesia by activating microglia through CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), which triggers the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Fractalkine has also been shown to increase cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) in microglia. Material/Methods Based on the characteristics of CX3CR1, a G protein-coupled receptor, we explored the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signaling in fractalkine-induced inflammatory response in BV-2 cells in vitro. The effect and the underlying mechanism induced by fractalkine in the brain were observed using a mouse model with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of exogenous fractalkine. Results [Ca2+]i was significantly increased and IL-1β and TNF-α levels were higher in the fractalkine-treated cell groups than in the farctalkine+ 2-APB groups. We found that i.c.v. injection of fractalkine significantly increased p-p38MAPK, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression in the brain, while i.c.v. injection of a fractalkine-neutralizing antibody (anti-CX3CR1), trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) antagonist (2-APB), or p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) prior to fractalkine addition yielded an effective and reliable anti-allodynia effect, following the reduction of p-p38MAPK, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression. Conclusions Our results suggest that fractalkine leads to hyperalgesia, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with IP3/p38MAPK-mediated calcium signaling and its phlogogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qingping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
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Odem MA, Bavencoffe AG, Cassidy RM, Lopez ER, Tian J, Dessauer CW, Walters ET. Isolated nociceptors reveal multiple specializations for generating irregular ongoing activity associated with ongoing pain. Pain 2018; 159:2347-2362. [PMID: 30015712 PMCID: PMC6193853 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing pain has been linked to ongoing activity (OA) in human C-fiber nociceptors, but rodent models of pain-related OA have concentrated on allodynia rather than ongoing pain, and on OA generated in non-nociceptive Aβ fibers rather than C-fiber nociceptors. Little is known about how ongoing pain or nociceptor OA is generated. To define neurophysiological alterations underlying nociceptor OA, we have used isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons that continue to generate OA after removal from animals displaying ongoing pain. We subclassify OA as either spontaneous activity generated solely by alterations intrinsic to the active neuron or as extrinsically driven OA. Both types of OA were implicated previously in nociceptors in vivo and after isolation following spinal cord injury, which produces chronic ongoing pain. Using novel automated algorithms to analyze irregular changes in membrane potential, we have found, in a distinctive, nonaccommodating type of probable nociceptor, induction by spinal cord injury of 3 alterations that promote OA: (1) prolonged depolarization of resting membrane potential, (2) a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage threshold for action potential generation, and (3) an increase in the incidence of large depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations (DSFs). Can DSFs also be enhanced acutely to promote OA in neurons from uninjured animals? A low dose of serotonin failed to change resting membrane potential but lowered action potential threshold. When combined with artificial depolarization to model inflammation, serotonin also strongly potentiated DSFs and OA. These findings reveal nociceptor specializations for generating OA that may promote ongoing pain in chronic and acute conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A. Odem
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexis G. Bavencoffe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan M. Cassidy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elia R. Lopez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinbin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen W. Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edgar T. Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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Araldi D, Ferrari LF, Levine JD. Mu-opioid Receptor (MOR) Biased Agonists Induce Biphasic Dose-dependent Hyperalgesia and Analgesia, and Hyperalgesic Priming in the Rat. Neuroscience 2018; 394:60-71. [PMID: 30342200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) on nociceptors with fentanyl can produce hyperalgesia (opioid-induced hyperalgesia, OIH) and hyperalgesic priming, a model of transition to chronic pain. We investigated if local and systemic administration of biased MOR agonists (PZM21 and TRV130 [oliceridine]), which preferentially activate G-protein over β-arrestin translocation, and have been reported to minimize some opioid side effects, also produces OIH and priming. Injected intradermally (100 ng), both biased agonists induced mechanical hyperalgesia and, when injected at the same site, 5 days later, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced prolonged hyperalgesia (priming). OIH and priming were both prevented by intrathecal treatment with an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense (AS) for MOR mRNA. Agents that reverse Type I (the protein translation inhibitor cordycepin) and Type II (combination of Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] inhibitors) priming, or their combination, did not reverse priming induced by local administration of PZM21 or TRV130. While systemic PZM21 at higher doses (1 and 10 mg/kg) induced analgesia, lower doses (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg) induced hyperalgesia; all doses induced priming. Hyperalgesia, analgesia and priming induced by systemic administration of PZM21 were also prevented by MOR AS-ODN. And, priming induced by systemic PZM21 was also not reversed by intradermal cordycepin or the combination of Src and MAPK inhibitors. Thus, maintenance of priming induced by biased MOR agonists, in the peripheral terminal of nociceptors, has a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionéia Araldi
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Luiz F Ferrari
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jon D Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Sikandar S, Minett MS, Millet Q, Santana-Varela S, Lau J, Wood JN, Zhao J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor derived from sensory neurons plays a critical role in chronic pain. Brain 2018; 141:1028-1039. [PMID: 29394316 PMCID: PMC5888992 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies support the pro-nociceptive role of brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) in pain processes in the peripheral and central nervous system. We have previously shown that nociceptor-derived BDNF is involved in inflammatory pain. Microglial-derived BDNF has also been shown to be involved in neuropathic pain. However, the distinct contribution of primary afferent-derived BNDF to chronic pain processing remains undetermined. In this study, we used Avil-CreERT2 mice to delete Bdnf from all adult peripheral sensory neurons. Conditional BDNF knockouts were healthy with no sensory neuron loss. Behavioural assays and in vivo electrophysiology indicated that spinal excitability was normal. Following formalin inflammation or neuropathy with a modified Chung model, we observed normal development of acute pain behaviour, but a deficit in second phase formalin-induced nocifensive responses and a reversal of neuropathy-induced mechanical hypersensitivity during the later chronic pain phase in conditional BDNF knockout mice. In contrast, we observed normal development of acute and chronic neuropathic pain in the Seltzer model, indicating differences in the contribution of BDNF to distinct models of neuropathy. We further used a model of hyperalgesic priming to examine the contribution of primary afferent-derived BDNF in the transition from acute to chronic pain, and found that primed BDNF knockout mice do not develop prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity to an inflammatory insult. Our data suggest that BDNF derived from sensory neurons plays a critical role in mediating the transition from acute to chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaq Sikandar
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael S Minett
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Queensta Millet
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sonia Santana-Varela
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joanne Lau
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jing Zhao
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Fentanyl Induces Rapid Onset Hyperalgesic Priming: Type I at Peripheral and Type II at Central Nociceptor Terminals. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2226-2245. [PMID: 29431655 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3476-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic fentanyl induces hyperalgesic priming, long-lasting neuroplasticity in nociceptor function characterized by prolongation of inflammatory mediator hyperalgesia. To evaluate priming at both nociceptor terminals, we studied, in male Sprague Dawley rats, the effect of local administration of agents that reverse type I (protein translation) or type II [combination of Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] priming. At the central terminal, priming induced by systemic, intradermal, or intrathecal fentanyl was reversed by the combination of Src and MAPK inhibitors, but at the peripheral terminal, it was reversed by the protein translation inhibitor. Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antisense prevented fentanyl hyperalgesia and priming. To determine whether type I and II priming occur in the same population of neurons, we used isolectin B4-saporin or [Sar9, Met(O2)11]-substance P-saporin to deplete nonpeptidergic or peptidergic nociceptors, respectively. Following intrathecal fentanyl, central terminal priming was prevented by both saporins, whereas that in peripheral terminal was not attenuated even by their combination. However, after intradermal fentanyl, priming in the peripheral terminal requires both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptors, whereas that in the central terminal is dependent only on peptidergic nociceptors. Pretreatment with dantrolene at either terminal prevented fentanyl-induced priming in both terminals, suggesting communication between central and peripheral terminals mediated by intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In vitro application of fentanyl increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in dorsal root ganglion neurons, which was prevented by pretreatment with dantrolene and naloxone. Therefore, acting at MOR in the nociceptor, fentanyl induces hyperalgesia and priming rapidly at both the central (type II) and peripheral (type I) terminal and this is mediated by Ca2+ signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fentanyl, acting at the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), induces hyperalgesia and hyperalgesic priming at both the central and peripheral terminal of nociceptors and this is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ signaling. Priming in the central terminal is type II, whereas that in the peripheral terminal is type I. Our findings may provide useful information for the design of drugs with improved therapeutic profiles, selectively disrupting individual MOR signaling pathways, to maintain an adequate long-lasting control of pain.
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Abstract
Pain is an increasing clinical challenge affecting about half the population, with a substantial number of people suffering daily intense pain. Such suffering can be linked to the dramatic rise in opioid use and associated deaths in the United States. There is a pressing need for new analgesics with limited side effects. Here, we summarize what we know about the genetics of pain and implications for drug development. We make the case that chronic pain is not one but a set of disease states, with peripheral drive a key element in most. We argue that understanding redundancy and plasticity, hallmarks of the nervous system, is critical in developing analgesic drug strategies. We describe the exploitation of monogenic pain syndromes and genetic association studies to define analgesic targets, as well as issues associated with animal models of pain. We appraise present-day screening technologies and describe recent approaches to pain treatment that hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Sexton
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - James J Cox
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - Jing Zhao
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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CD44 Signaling Mediates High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan-Induced Antihyperalgesia. J Neurosci 2017; 38:308-321. [PMID: 29175954 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2695-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied, in male Sprague Dawley rats, the role of the cognate hyaluronan receptor, CD44 signaling in the antihyperalgesia induced by high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWH). Low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMWH) acts at both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptors to induce mechanical hyperalgesia that is prevented by intrathecal oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to CD44 mRNA, which also prevents hyperalgesia induced by a CD44 receptor agonist, A6. Ongoing LMWH and A6 hyperalgesia are reversed by HMWH. HMWH also reverses the hyperalgesia induced by diverse pronociceptive mediators, prostaglandin E2, epinephrine, TNFα, and interleukin-6, and the neuropathic pain induced by the cancer chemotherapy paclitaxel. Although CD44 antisense has no effect on the hyperalgesia induced by inflammatory mediators or paclitaxel, it eliminates the antihyperalgesic effect of HMWH. HMWH also reverses the hyperalgesia induced by activation of intracellular second messengers, PKA and PKCε, indicating that HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia, although dependent on CD44, is mediated by an intracellular signaling pathway rather than as a competitive receptor antagonist. Sensitization of cultured small-diameter DRG neurons by prostaglandin E2 is also prevented and reversed by HMWH. These results demonstrate the central role of CD44 signaling in HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia, and establish it as a therapeutic target against inflammatory and neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We demonstrate that hyaluronan (HA) with different molecular weights produces opposing nociceptive effects. While low molecular weight HA increases sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, high molecular weight HA reduces sensitization, attenuating inflammatory and neuropathic hyperalgesia. Both pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects of HA are mediated by activation of signaling pathways downstream CD44, the cognate HA receptor, in nociceptors. These results contribute to our understanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in pain, and indicate CD44 as a potential therapeutic target to alleviate inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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Ferrari LF, Araldi D, Green P, Levine JD. Age-Dependent Sexual Dimorphism in Susceptibility to Develop Chronic Pain in the Rat. Neuroscience 2017; 387:170-177. [PMID: 28676241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal pain has been suggested to contribute to the development and/or persistence of adult pain. Observations from animal models have shown that neonatal inflammation produces long-term changes in sensory neuron function, which can affect the susceptibility of adults to develop persistent pain. We used a preclinical model of transition to chronic pain, hyperalgesic priming, in which a previous inflammatory stimulus triggers a long-lasting increase in responsiveness to pro-algesic mediators, prototypically prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), to investigate if post-natal age influences susceptibility of adult rats to develop chronic pain. Priming was induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), in male and female rats, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7weeks after birth. When adults (8weeks after birth), to evaluate for the presence of priming, PGE2 was injected at the same site as TNFα. In males that had received TNFα at post-natal weeks 1, 2 or 3, priming was attenuated compared to the 4-, 5- and 7-week-old treated groups, in which robust priming developed. In contrast, in females treated with TNFα at post-natal week 1, 2, 3, or 4, but not at 5 or 7, priming was present. This age and sex difference in the susceptibility to priming was estrogen-dependent, since injection of TNFα in 3-week-old males and 5-week-old females, in the presence of the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780, did produce priming. These results suggest that estrogen levels, which vary differently in males and females over the post-natal period, until they stabilize after puberty, impact pain as an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Ferrari
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Dioneia Araldi
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Paul Green
- Departments of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Preventive & Restorative Dental Sciences, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jon D Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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