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Leong A, Li Y, Ruikes TR, Voillot J, Yuan Y, Chen G, Facon A, Chhuon CA, Joffrois C, Tessier G, Cornebois M, Dégardin J, Louise JD, Cheng JX, Yang C, Moulet H, Picaud S. A flexible high-precision photoacoustic retinal prosthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.03.611068. [PMID: 39282448 PMCID: PMC11398364 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.03.611068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases of photoreceptors are a leading cause of blindness with no effective treatment. Retinal prostheses seek to restore sight by stimulating remaining retinal cells. We here present a photoacoustic retinal stimulation technology. We designed a polydimethylsiloxane and carbon-based flexible film that converts near-infrared laser pulses into a localized acoustic field, aiming at high-precision acoustic activation of mechanosensitive retinal cells. This photoacoustic stimulation of wild-type and degenerated ex vivo retinae resulted in robust and localized retinal ganglion cell activation with sub-100-µm resolution in both wild-type and degenerated ex vivo retinae. Our millimeter-size photoacoustic film generated neural activation in vivo along the visual pathway to the superior colliculus, as measured by functional ultrasound imaging when the film was implanted in the rat subretinal space and stimulated by pulsed laser. Biosafety of the film was indicated by absence of short-term adverse effect under optical coherence tomography retinal imaging, while local thermal increase was measured below 1 °C. These findings demonstrate the potential of our photoacoustic stimulation for visual restoration in blind patients with a high spatial precision and a large field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Leong
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Yueming Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Thijs R Ruikes
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, 75012, France
| | | | - Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | | | | | - Corentin Joffrois
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Marion Cornebois
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Julie Dégardin
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, 75012, France
| | | | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | | | - Serge Picaud
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, 75012, France
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Ivanovski F, Meško M, Lebar T, Rupnik M, Lainšček D, Gradišek M, Jerala R, Benčina M. Ultrasound-mediated spatial and temporal control of engineered cells in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7369. [PMID: 39191796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Remote regulation of cells in deep tissue remains a significant challenge. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound offers promise for in vivo therapies due to its non-invasive nature and precise control. This study uses pulsed ultrasound to control calcium influx in mammalian cells and engineers a therapeutic cellular device responsive to acoustic stimulation in deep tissue without overexpressing calcium channels or gas vesicles. Pulsed ultrasound parameters are established to induce calcium influx in HEK293 cells. Additionally, cells are engineered to express a designed calcium-responsive transcription factor controlling the expression of a selected therapeutic gene, constituting a therapeutic cellular device. The engineered sonogenetic system's functionality is demonstrated in vivo in mice, where an implanted anti-inflammatory cytokine-producing cellular device effectively alleviates acute colitis, as shown by improved colonic morphology and histopathology. This approach provides a powerful tool for precise, localized control of engineered cells in deep tissue, showcasing its potential for targeted therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ivanovski
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Interfaculty Doctoral Study of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Meško
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Lebar
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Rupnik
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Duško Lainšček
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Gradišek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška c. 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- CTGCT, Centre of Technology of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- CTGCT, Centre of Technology of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Kop BR, Shamli Oghli Y, Grippe TC, Nandi T, Lefkes J, Meijer SW, Farboud S, Engels M, Hamani M, Null M, Radetz A, Hassan U, Darmani G, Chetverikov A, den Ouden HEM, Bergmann TO, Chen R, Verhagen L. Auditory confounds can drive online effects of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation in humans. eLife 2024; 12:RP88762. [PMID: 39190585 PMCID: PMC11349300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly emerging as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique. TUS is already well-established in animal models, providing foundations to now optimize neuromodulatory efficacy for human applications. Across multiple studies, one promising protocol, pulsed at 1000 Hz, has consistently resulted in motor cortical inhibition in humans (Fomenko et al., 2020). At the same time, a parallel research line has highlighted the potentially confounding influence of peripheral auditory stimulation arising from TUS pulsing at audible frequencies. In this study, we disentangle direct neuromodulatory and indirect auditory contributions to motor inhibitory effects of TUS. To this end, we include tightly matched control conditions across four experiments, one preregistered, conducted independently at three institutions. We employed a combined transcranial ultrasonic and magnetic stimulation paradigm, where TMS-elicited motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) served as an index of corticospinal excitability. First, we replicated motor inhibitory effects of TUS but showed through both tight controls and manipulation of stimulation intensity, duration, and auditory masking conditions that this inhibition was driven by peripheral auditory stimulation, not direct neuromodulation. Furthermore, we consider neuromodulation beyond driving overall excitation/inhibition and show preliminary evidence of how TUS might interact with ongoing neural dynamics instead. Primarily, this study highlights the substantial shortcomings in accounting for the auditory confound in prior TUS-TMS work where only a flip-over sham and no active control was used. The field must critically reevaluate previous findings given the demonstrated impact of peripheral confounds. Furthermore, rigorous experimental design via (in)active control conditions is required to make substantiated claims in future TUS studies. Only when direct effects are disentangled from those driven by peripheral confounds can TUS fully realize its potential for research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Kop
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Yazan Shamli Oghli
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Talyta C Grippe
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Tulika Nandi
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Judith Lefkes
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Sjoerd W Meijer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Soha Farboud
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Marwan Engels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Michelle Hamani
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Melissa Null
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Angela Radetz
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Umair Hassan
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
| | - Ghazaleh Darmani
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Andrey Chetverikov
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Hanneke EM den Ouden
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center; Johannes-Gutenberg University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research MainzMainzGermany
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Radboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
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Riis TS, Feldman DA, Losser AJ, Okifuji A, Kubanek J. Noninvasive targeted modulation of pain circuits with focused ultrasonic waves. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00670. [PMID: 39073370 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Direct interventions into deep brain circuits constitute promising treatment modalities for chronic pain. Cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation targeting the anterior cingulate cortex have shown notable improvements in the unpleasantness of pain, but these interventions require brain surgeries. In this study, we have developed an approach that can modulate this deep brain affective hub entirely noninvasively, using low-intensity transcranial-focused ultrasound. Twenty patients with chronic pain received two 40-minute active or sham stimulation protocols and were monitored for one week in a randomized crossover trial. Sixty percent of subjects experienced a clinically meaningful reduction of pain on day 1 and on day 7 following the active stimulation, while sham stimulation provided such benefits only to 15% and 20% of subjects, respectively. On average, active stimulation reduced pain by 60.0% immediately following the intervention and by 43.0% and 33.0% on days 1 and 7 following the intervention. The corresponding sham levels were 14.4%, 12.3%, and 6.6%. The stimulation was well tolerated, and no adverse events were detected. Side effects were generally mild and resolved within 24 hours. Together, the direct, ultrasonic stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex offers rapid, clinically meaningful, and durable improvements in pain severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Riis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Daniel A Feldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Adam J Losser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Akiko Okifuji
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jan Kubanek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Nandi T, Kop BR, Butts Pauly K, Stagg CJ, Verhagen L. The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2407.01232v2. [PMID: 39010874 PMCID: PMC11247914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS parameters and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Based on this multiscale approach, TUS researchers can make better informed decisions about optimal parameter settings. Importantly, we also discuss the challenges involved in extrapolating results from prior empirical work to future interventions, including the translation of protocols between models and the complex interaction between TUS protocols and the brain. A synthesis of the empirical evidence suggests that larger effects will be observed at lower frequencies within the sub-MHz range, higher intensities and pressures than commonly administered thus far, and longer pulses and pulse train durations. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for cautious interpretation of empirical data from different experimental paradigms when basing protocols on prior work as we advance towards refined TUS parameters for human neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Nandi
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin R Kop
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lu G, Gong C, Sun Y, Qian X, Rajendran Nair DS, Li R, Zeng Y, Ji J, Zhang J, Kang H, Jiang L, Chen J, Chang CF, Thomas BB, Humayun MS, Zhou Q. Noninvasive imaging-guided ultrasonic neurostimulation with arbitrary 2D patterns and its application for high-quality vision restoration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4481. [PMID: 38802397 PMCID: PMC11130148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration, a leading cause of irreversible low vision and blindness globally, can be partially addressed by retina prostheses which stimulate remaining neurons in the retina. However, existing electrode-based treatments are invasive, posing substantial risks to patients and healthcare providers. Here, we introduce a completely noninvasive ultrasonic retina prosthesis, featuring a customized ultrasound two-dimensional array which allows for simultaneous imaging and stimulation. With synchronous three-dimensional imaging guidance and auto-alignment technology, ultrasonic retina prosthesis can generate programmed ultrasound waves to dynamically and precisely form arbitrary wave patterns on the retina. Neuron responses in the brain's visual center mirrored these patterns, evidencing successful artificial vision creation, which was further corroborated in behavior experiments. Quantitative analysis of the spatial-temporal resolution and field of view demonstrated advanced performance of ultrasonic retina prosthesis and elucidated the biophysical mechanism of retinal stimulation. As a noninvasive blindness prosthesis, ultrasonic retina prosthesis could lead to a more effective, widely acceptable treatment for blind patients. Its real-time imaging-guided stimulation strategy with a single ultrasound array, could also benefit ultrasound neurostimulation in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yizhe Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuejun Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deepthi S Rajendran Nair
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yushun Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haochen Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Feng Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Biju B Thomas
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Meng W, Lin Z, Lu Y, Long X, Meng L, Su C, Wang Z, Niu L. Spatiotemporal Distributions of Acoustic Propagation in Skull During Ultrasound Neuromodulation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2024; 71:584-595. [PMID: 38557630 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2024.3383027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There is widespread interest and concern about the evidence and hypothesis that the auditory system is involved in ultrasound neuromodulation. We have addressed this problem by performing acoustic shear wave simulations in mouse skull and behavioral experiments in deaf mice. The simulation results showed that shear waves propagating along the skull did not reach sufficient acoustic pressure in the auditory cortex to modulate neurons. Behavioral experiments were subsequently performed to awaken anesthetized mice with ultrasound targeting the motor cortex or ventral tegmental area (VTA). The experimental results showed that ultrasound stimulation (US) of the target areas significantly increased arousal scores even in deaf mice, whereas the loss of ultrasound gel abolished the effect. Immunofluorescence staining also showed that ultrasound can modulate neurons in the target area, whereas neurons in the auditory cortex required the involvement of the normal auditory system for activation. In summary, the shear waves propagating along the skull cannot reach the auditory cortex and induce neuronal activation. Ultrasound neuromodulation-induced arousal behavior needs direct action on functionally relevant stimulation targets in the absence of auditory system participation.
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Wang T, Wang M, Wang J, Li Z, Yuan Y. Modulatory effects of low-intensity retinal ultrasound stimulation on rapid and non-rapid eye movement sleep. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae143. [PMID: 38602742 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior investigations have established that the manipulation of neural activity has the potential to influence both rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep. Low-intensity retinal ultrasound stimulation has shown effectiveness in the modulation of neural activity. Nevertheless, the specific effects of retinal ultrasound stimulation on rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep, as well as its potential to enhance overall sleep quality, remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that: In healthy mice, retinal ultrasound stimulation: (i) reduced total sleep time and non-rapid eye movement sleep ratio; (ii) changed relative power and sample entropy of the delta (0.5-4 Hz) in non-rapid eye movement sleep; and (iii) enhanced relative power of the theta (4-8 Hz) and reduced theta-gamma coupling strength in rapid eye movement sleep. In Alzheimer's disease mice with sleep disturbances, retinal ultrasound stimulation: (i) reduced the total sleep time; (ii) altered the relative power of the gamma band during rapid eye movement sleep; and (iii) enhanced the coupling strength of delta-gamma in non-rapid eye movement sleep and weakened the coupling strength of theta-fast gamma. The results indicate that retinal ultrasound stimulation can modulate rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement-related neural activity; however, it is not beneficial to the sleep quality of healthy and Alzheimer's disease mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Mengran Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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9
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Stoddart PR, Begeng JM, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Kameneva T. Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360870. [PMID: 38572073 PMCID: PMC10987880 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina is a leading cause of blindness, but commonly leaves the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and/or bipolar cells extant. Consequently, these cells are an attractive target for the invasive electrical implants colloquially known as "bionic eyes." However, after more than two decades of concerted effort, interfaces based on conventional electrical stimulation approaches have delivered limited efficacy, primarily due to the current spread in retinal tissue, which precludes high-acuity vision. The ideal prosthetic solution would be less invasive, provide single-cell resolution and an ability to differentiate between different cell types. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches can address some of these requirements, with particular attention being directed at light-sensitive nanoparticles that can be accessed via the intrinsic optics of the eye. Here we survey the available known nanoparticle-based optical transduction mechanisms that can be exploited for neuromodulation. We review the rapid progress in the field, together with outstanding challenges that must be addressed to translate these techniques to clinical practice. In particular, successful translation will likely require efficient delivery of nanoparticles to stable and precisely defined locations in the retinal tissues. Therefore, we also emphasize the current literature relating to the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the eye. While considerable challenges remain to be overcome, progress to date shows great potential for nanoparticle-based interfaces to revolutionize the field of visual prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - James M. Begeng
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Xiang C, Cheng Y, Yu X, Mao T, Luo H, Hu H, Wu Y, Sang R, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo Q, Huang J, Zhao J, Wang J, Wang X, Chen M, Liu W, Zhou L, Wang S, Jiang H. Low-intensity focused ultrasound modulation of the paraventricular nucleus to prevent myocardial infarction-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:340-348. [PMID: 38042443 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that light-emitting diode modulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which is the control center of the sympathetic nervous system, might attenuate neuroinflammation in the PVN and prevent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) after myocardial infarction (MI). Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) has deeper penetration than does light-emitting diode, while its effect on the PVN has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effect of LIFU modulation of the PVN on the inducibility of post-MI VAs. METHODS Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into acute control (n = 12, 22.22%), acute MI (AMI, n = 12, 22.22%), AMI + LIFU (n = 12, 22.22%), chronic control (n = 6, 11.11%), chronic MI (CMI, n = 6, 11.11%), and CMI + LIFU (n = 6, 11.11%) groups. MI was induced by left anterior artery ligation, and electrocardiographic recording for 0.5 hours after MI and programmed electrophysiological stimulation were used to test the vulnerability of VAs. Peripheral sympathetic neural activity was assessed by measuring left stellate ganglion neural activity. Finally, hearts and brains were extracted for Western blotting and histopathological analysis, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the AMI group, AMI-induced VAs (P < .05) and left stellate ganglion neural activity (P < .05) were significantly attenuated in the AMI + LIFU group. In addition, LIFU resulted in a significant reduction of microglial activation in the PVN and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the peri-ischemic myocardium. In the CMI + LIFU group, there was no obvious tissue damage in the brain. CONCLUSION LIFU modulation of the PVN may prevent the incidence of post-MI VAs by attenuating MI-induced sympathetic neural activation and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianlong Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqi Sang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinyu Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Gong C, Yang Z, Wei F, Sun X, Ji J, Zeng Y, Chang CF, Liu X, Nair DSR, Thomas BB, Zhou Q. Ultrasound Flow Imaging Study on Rat Brain with Ultrasound and Light Stimulations. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:174. [PMID: 38391660 PMCID: PMC10886342 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional ultrasound (fUS) flow imaging provides a non-invasive method for the in vivo study of cerebral blood flow and neural activity. This study used functional flow imaging to investigate rat brain's response to ultrasound and colored-light stimuli. Male Long-Evan rats were exposed to direct full-field strobe flashes light and ultrasound stimulation to their retinas, while brain activity was measured using high-frequency ultrasound imaging. Our study found that light stimuli, particularly blue light, elicited strong responses in the visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), as evidenced by changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV). In contrast, ultrasound stimulation elicited responses undetectable with fUS flow imaging, although these were observable when directly measuring the brain's electrical signals. These findings suggest that fUS flow imaging can effectively differentiate neural responses to visual stimuli, with potential applications in understanding visual processing and developing new diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zihan Yang
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yushun Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chi-Feng Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xunan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Deepthi S Rajendran Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Biju B Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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12
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Riis T, Feldman D, Losser A, Mickey B, Kubanek J. Device for Multifocal Delivery of Ultrasound Into Deep Brain Regions in Humans. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:660-668. [PMID: 37695955 PMCID: PMC10803076 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3313987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity focused ultrasound provides the means to noninvasively stimulate or release drugs in specified deep brain targets. However, successful clinical translations require hardware that maximizes acoustic transmission through the skull, enables flexible electronic steering, and provides accurate and reproducible targeting while minimizing the use of MRI. We have developed a device that addresses these practical requirements. The device delivers ultrasound through the temporal and parietal skull windows, which minimize the attenuation and distortions of the ultrasound by the skull. The device consists of 252 independently controlled elements, which provides the ability to modulate multiple deep brain targets at a high spatiotemporal resolution, without the need to move the device or the subject. And finally, the device uses a mechanical registration method that enables accurate deep brain targeting both inside and outside of the MRI. Using this method, a single MRI scan is necessary for accurate targeting; repeated subsequent treatments can be performed reproducibly in an MRI-free manner. We validated these functions by transiently modulating specific deep brain regions in two patients with treatment-resistant depression.
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13
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Riis T, Feldman D, Mickey B, Kubanek J. Controlled noninvasive modulation of deep brain regions in humans. COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2024; 3:13. [PMCID: PMC10956068 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-023-00146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound provides noninvasive and reversible approaches for precise and personalized manipulations of brain circuits, with the potential to transform our understanding of brain function and treatments of brain dysfunction. However, effective applications in humans have been limited by the human head, which attenuates and distorts ultrasound severely and unpredictably. This has led to uncertain ultrasound intensities delivered into the brain. Here, we address this lingering barrier using a direct measurement approach that can be repeatedly applied to the human brain. The approach uses an ultrasonic scan of the head to measure and compensate for the attenuation of the ultrasound by all obstacles within the ultrasound path. No other imaging modality is required and the method is parameter-free and personalized to each subject. The approach accurately restores operators’ intended intensities inside ex-vivo human skulls. Moreover, the approach is critical for effective modulation of deep brain regions in humans. When applied, the approach modulates fMRI Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) activity in disease-relevant deep brain regions. This tool unlocks the potential of emerging approaches based on low-intensity ultrasound for controlled manipulations of neural circuits in humans. Transcranial focused ultrasound has had limited applications in humans due to the unpredictable distortions of ultrasound by the human head. Thomas Riis and colleagues report an approach which enables direct correction for the attenuation of ultrasound by the skull and hair, thus enabling controlled ultrasound therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Riis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 USA
| | - Daniel Feldman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 USA
| | - Brian Mickey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 USA
| | - Jan Kubanek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 USA
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14
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Guo H, Salahshoor H, Wu D, Yoo S, Sato T, Tsao DY, Shapiro MG. Effects of focused ultrasound in a "clean" mouse model of ultrasonic neuromodulation. iScience 2023; 26:108372. [PMID: 38047084 PMCID: PMC10690554 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNM) in rodents have shown that focused ultrasound (FUS) can activate peripheral auditory pathways, leading to off-target and brain-wide excitation, which obscures the direct activation of the target area by FUS. To address this issue, we developed a new mouse model, the double transgenic Pou4f3+/DTR × Thy1-GCaMP6s, which allows for inducible deafening using diphtheria toxin and minimizes off-target effects of UNM while allowing effects on neural activity to be visualized with fluorescent calcium imaging. Using this model, we found that the auditory confounds caused by FUS can be significantly reduced or eliminated within a certain pressure range. At higher pressures, FUS can result in focal fluorescence dips at the target, elicit non-auditory sensory confounds, and damage tissue, leading to spreading depolarization. Under the acoustic conditions we tested, we did not observe direct calcium responses in the mouse cortex. Our findings provide a cleaner animal model for UNM and sonogenetics research, establish a parameter range within which off-target effects are confidently avoided, and reveal the non-auditory side effects of higher-pressure stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsun Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hossein Salahshoor
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tomokazu Sato
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Doris Y. Tsao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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15
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Cornelssen C, Finlinson E, Rolston JD, Wilcox KS. Ultrasonic therapies for seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1301956. [PMID: 38162441 PMCID: PMC10756913 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1301956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic therapy is an increasingly promising approach for the treatment of seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Therapeutic focused ultrasound (FUS) uses thermal or nonthermal energy to either ablate neural tissue or modulate neural activity through high- or low-intensity FUS (HIFU, LIFU), respectively. Both HIFU and LIFU approaches have been investigated for reducing seizure activity in DRE, and additional FUS applications include disrupting the blood-brain barrier in the presence of microbubbles for targeted-drug delivery to the seizure foci. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies that have used FUS to treat seizures. Additionally, we review effective FUS parameters and consider limitations and future directions of FUS with respect to the treatment of DRE. While detailed studies to optimize FUS applications are ongoing, FUS has established itself as a potential noninvasive alternative for the treatment of DRE and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carena Cornelssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Eli Finlinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John D. Rolston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen S. Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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16
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Lu JY, Lu G, Thomas BB, Humayun MS, Zhou Q. Ultrasound Concave 2-D Ring Array for Retinal Stimulation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2023; 70:1527-1535. [PMID: 37792653 PMCID: PMC10657748 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2023.3321871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasound concave 2-D ring array transducer was designed for applications in visual stimulation of the retina with a long-term goal to restore vision in individuals with intact neurons but suffering blindness due to retinopathies. The array was synthesized and has a frequency of 20 MHz (0.075-mm wavelengths in water), 18-mm focal length (the curvature of the concave array), 1004 elements (with a pitch of 4.0 wavelengths), and inner and outer diameters of 9 and 14 mm, respectively. Wave patterns produced with the array at the focal distance were simulated. Results show that the wave patterns obtained can achieve a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) resolution of 0.147 mm that is very close to the FWHM diffraction limit (0.136 mm). In addition, a scaled experiment at a lower frequency of 2.5 MHz was performed. The result is very close to those obtained with the simulations.
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17
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Fan B, Goodman W, Cho RY, Sheth SA, Bouchard RR, Aazhang B. Computational modeling and minimization of unintended neuronal excitation in a LIFU stimulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13403. [PMID: 37591991 PMCID: PMC10435497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromodulation effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is highly target-specific. Unintended off-target neuronal excitation can be elicited when the beam focusing accuracy and resolution are limited, whereas the resulted side effect has not been evaluated quantitatively. There is also a lack of methods addressing the minimization of such side effects. Therefore, this work introduces a computational model of unintended neuronal excitation during LIFU neuromodulation, which evaluates the off-target activation area (OTAA) by integrating an ultrasound field model with the neuronal spiking model. In addition, a phased array beam focusing scheme called constrained optimal resolution beamforming (CORB) is proposed to minimize the off-target neuronal excitation area while ensuring effective stimulation in the target brain region. A lower bound of the OTAA is analytically approximated in a simplified homogeneous medium, which could guide the selection of transducer parameters such as aperture size and operating frequency. Simulations in a human head model using three transducer setups show that CORB markedly reduces the OTAA compared with two benchmark beam focusing methods. The high neuromodulation resolution demonstrates the capability of LIFU to effectively limit the side effects during neuromodulation, allowing future clinical applications such as treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Wayne Goodman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Raymond Y Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard R Bouchard
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Behnaam Aazhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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18
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Seo J, Shin H, Cho S, Lee S, Ryu W, Han SC, Kim DH, Kang GH. A phased array ultrasound system with a robotic arm for neuromodulation. Med Eng Phys 2023; 118:104023. [PMID: 37536829 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNMOD) provides a non-invasive brain stimulation. However, the high-resolution region-specificity of UNMOD with a single element transducer combined with a mechanical positioning system could have limits due to the intrinsic positioning error from mechanical systems. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS A phased array system could lead to highly selective neuromodulation with electronic control. METHODS A specialized phased-array system with a robotic arm is implemented for a rhesus monkey model. Various primary motor cortex areas related to tail, hand, and mouth were stimulated with a 200 μm step size. The ultrasonic parameters were ISPTA of 840 mW/cm2, pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz, and a 5% duty factor at 600 kHz. The induced movement were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Separate digits, mouth, and tongue motions were successfully induced by electronically controlling the focus. The identical body part movement could be induced when the focus was moved back to the identical primary motor cortex with electronic control. Accordingly, the reproducibility of UNMOD could be partially validated with rhesus monkey model. CONCLUSION A phased-array system appears to have a potential for the non-invasive and region-selective neuromodulation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbum Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea.
| | - Hyunsoo Shin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), Ansan Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sungtaek Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), Ansan Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sungon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), Ansan Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Wooseok Ryu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, KIT, KRICT, Korea
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, KIT, KRICT, Korea
| | - Goo Hwa Kang
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, KIT, KRICT, Korea
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19
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McCune EP, Lee SA, Konofagou EE. Interdependence of Tissue Temperature, Cavitation, and Displacement Imaging During Focused Ultrasound Nerve Sonication. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2023; 70:600-612. [PMID: 37256815 PMCID: PMC10332467 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2023.3280455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) peripheral neuromodulation has been linked to nerve displacement caused by the acoustic radiation force; however, the roles of cavitation and temperature accumulation on nerve modulation are less clear, as are the relationships between these three mechanisms of action. Temperature directly changes tissue stiffness and viscosity. Viscoelastic properties have been shown to affect cavitation thresholds in both theoretical and ex vivo models, but the direct effect of temperature on cavitation has not been investigated in vivo. Here, cavitation and tissue displacement were simultaneously mapped in response to baseline tissue temperatures of either 30 °C or 38 °C during sciatic nerve sonication in mice. In each mouse, the sciatic nerve was repeatedly sonicated at 1.1-MHz, 4-MPa peak-negative pressure, 5-ms pulse duration, and either 15- or 30-Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for 10 s at each tissue temperature. Cavitation increased by 1.8-4.5 dB at a tissue temperature of 38 °C compared to 30 °C, as measured both by passive cavitation images and cavitation doses. Tissue displacement also increased by 1.3- [Formula: see text] at baseline temperatures of 38 °C compared to 30 °C. Histological findings indicated small increases in red blood cell extravasation in the 38 °C baseline temperature condition compared to 30 °C at both PRFs. A strong positive correlation was found between the inertial cavitation dose and displacement imaging noise, indicating the potential ability of displacement imaging to simultaneously detect inertial cavitation in vivo. Overall, tissue temperature was found to modulate both in vivo cavitation and tissue displacement, and thus, both tissue temperature and cavitation can be monitored during FUS to ensure both safety and efficiency.
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20
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Ferreira Felloni Borges Y, Cheyuo C, Lozano AM, Fasano A. Essential Tremor - Deep Brain Stimulation vs. Focused Ultrasound. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:603-619. [PMID: 37288812 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2221789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Essential Tremor (ET) is one of the most common tremor syndromes typically presented as action tremor, affecting mainly the upper limbs. In at least 30-50% of patients, tremor interferes with quality of life, does not respond to first-line therapies and/or intolerable adverse effects may occur. Therefore, surgery may be considered. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss and compare unilateral ventral intermedius nucleus deep brain stimulation (VIM DBS) and bilateral DBS with Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy, which comprises focused acoustic energy generating ablation under real-time MRI guidance. Discussion includes their impact on tremor reduction and their potential complications. Finally, the authors provide their expert opinion. EXPERT OPINION DBS is adjustable, potentially reversible and allows bilateral treatments; however, it is invasive requires hardware implantation, and has higher surgical risks. Instead, MRgFUS is less invasive, less expensive, and requires no hardware maintenance. Beyond these technical differences, the decision should also involve the patient, family, and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ferreira Felloni Borges
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cletus Cheyuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Rehabilitation, Moriggia-Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona Ed Uniti, Como, Italy
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21
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Karatum O, Han M, Erdogan ET, Karamursel S, Nizamoglu S. Physical mechanisms of emerging neuromodulation modalities. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:031001. [PMID: 37224804 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acd870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of neurostimulation field is to design materials, devices and systems that can simultaneously achieve safe, effective and tether-free operation. For that, understanding the working mechanisms and potential applicability of neurostimulation techniques is important to develop noninvasive, enhanced, and multi-modal control of neural activity. Here, we review direct and transduction-based neurostimulation techniques by discussing their interaction mechanisms with neurons via electrical, mechanical, and thermal means. We show how each technique targets modulation of specific ion channels (e.g. voltage-gated, mechanosensitive, heat-sensitive) by exploiting fundamental wave properties (e.g. interference) or engineering nanomaterial-based systems for efficient energy transduction. Overall, our review provides a detailed mechanistic understanding of neurostimulation techniques together with their applications toin vitro, in vivo, and translational studies to guide the researchers toward developing more advanced systems in terms of noninvasiveness, spatiotemporal resolution, and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuralp Karatum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mertcan Han
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Tuna Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sacit Karamursel
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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22
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Webb T, Cheeniyil R, Wilson M, Kubanek J. Remote targeted electrical stimulation. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:036030. [PMID: 37236172 PMCID: PMC10251736 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acd95c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective:The ability to generate electric fields in specific targets remotely would transform manipulations of processes that rest on electrical signaling.Approach:This article shows that focal electric fields are generated from distance by combining two orthogonal, remotely applied energies-magnetic and focused ultrasonic fields. The effect derives from the Lorentz force equation applied to magnetic and ultrasonic fields.Main results:We elicited this effect using standard hardware and confirmed that the generated electric fields align with the Lorentz equation. The effect significantly and safely modulated human peripheral nerves and deep brain regions of non-human primates.Significance:This approach opens a new set of applications in which electric fields are generated at high spatiotemporal resolution within intact biological tissues or materials, thus circumventing the limitations of traditional electrode-based procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Webb
- University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
| | - Rahul Cheeniyil
- University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
| | - Matthew Wilson
- University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
| | - Jan Kubanek
- University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
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Ambattu LA, Yeo LY. Sonomechanobiology: Vibrational stimulation of cells and its therapeutic implications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021301. [PMID: 38504927 PMCID: PMC10903386 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
All cells possess an innate ability to respond to a range of mechanical stimuli through their complex internal machinery. This comprises various mechanosensory elements that detect these mechanical cues and diverse cytoskeletal structures that transmit the force to different parts of the cell, where they are transcribed into complex transcriptomic and signaling events that determine their response and fate. In contrast to static (or steady) mechanostimuli primarily involving constant-force loading such as compression, tension, and shear (or forces applied at very low oscillatory frequencies (≤ 1 Hz) that essentially render their effects quasi-static), dynamic mechanostimuli comprising more complex vibrational forms (e.g., time-dependent, i.e., periodic, forcing) at higher frequencies are less well understood in comparison. We review the mechanotransductive processes associated with such acoustic forcing, typically at ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz), and discuss the various applications that arise from the cellular responses that are generated, particularly for regenerative therapeutics, such as exosome biogenesis, stem cell differentiation, and endothelial barrier modulation. Finally, we offer perspectives on the possible existence of a universal mechanism that is common across all forms of acoustically driven mechanostimuli that underscores the central role of the cell membrane as the key effector, and calcium as the dominant second messenger, in the mechanotransduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
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24
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Guo H, Salahshoor H, Wu D, Yoo S, Sato T, Tsao DY, Shapiro MG. Effects of focused ultrasound in a "clean" mouse model of ultrasonic neuromodulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541780. [PMID: 37293117 PMCID: PMC10245917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNM) in rodents have shown that focused ultrasound (FUS) can activate peripheral auditory pathways, leading to off-target and brain-wide excitation, which obscures the direct activation of the target area by FUS. To address this issue, we developed a new mouse model, the double transgenic Pou4f3+/DTR × Thy1-GCaMP6s, which allows for inducible deafening using diphtheria toxin and minimizes off-target effects of UNM while allowing effects on neural activity to be visualized with fluorescent calcium imaging. Using this model, we found that the auditory confounds caused by FUS can be significantly reduced or eliminated within a certain pressure range. At higher pressures, FUS can result in focal fluorescence dips at the target, elicit non-auditory sensory confounds, and damage tissue, leading to spreading depolarization. Under the acoustic conditions we tested, we did not observe direct calcium responses in the mouse cortex. Our findings provide a cleaner animal model for UNM and sonogenetics research, establish a parameter range within which off-target effects are confidently avoided, and reveal the non-auditory side effects of higher-pressure stimulation.
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Noureddine R, Surget A, Iazourene T, Audebrand M, Eliwa H, Brizard B, Nassereddine M, Mofid Y, Charara J, Bouakaz A. Guidelines for successful motor cortex ultrasonic neurostimulation in mice. ULTRASONICS 2023; 128:106888. [PMID: 36402114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound neurostimulation (USNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that might hold promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders with regards to its noninvasiveness, penetration depth, and high resolution. OBJECTIVE We sought in this experimental study to provide detailed and optimized protocol and methodology for a successful ultrasonic neurostimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex (M1) in mice addressed to young researchers/students beginning their research in the field of ultrasonic neurostimulation and encountering practical challenges. METHODS A 500 kHz single-element transducer was used for stimulating the primary motor cortex at different acoustic pressures in C57BL/6 mice at various anesthesia levels. To further illustrate the effect of anesthesia, real time visual observations of motor responses validated with video recordings as well as electromyography were employed for evaluating the success and reliability of the stimulations. RESULTS Detailed experimental procedure for a successful stimulations including targeting and anesthesia is presented. Our study demonstrates that we can achieve high stimulation success rates (91 % to 100 %) at acoustic pressures ranging from 330 kPa to 550 kPa at anesthesia washout period. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a reliable and detailed methodology for successful USNS in mice addressed to beginners in ultrasonic brain stimulation topic. We showed an effective USNS protocol. We offered a simple and consistent non-invasive technique for locating and targeting brain zones. Moreover, we illustrated the acoustic pressure and stimulation success relationship and focused on the effect of anesthesia level for successful stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Noureddine
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Lebanese University, Doctoral School of Science & Technology, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Tarik Iazourene
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Marie Audebrand
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Hoda Eliwa
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Department of Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Bruno Brizard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Mohamad Nassereddine
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences I - Department of Physics - Electronics, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Yassine Mofid
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Jamal Charara
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences I - Department of Physics - Electronics, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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26
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Lin Z, Gao L, Hou N, Zhi X, Zhang Y, Che Z, Deng A. Application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on tissue resident stem cells: Potential for ophthalmic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153793. [PMID: 37008913 PMCID: PMC10063999 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-resident stem cells (TRSCs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate throughout an individual's lifespan, and they utilize both mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and regenerate damaged tissues. Several studies suggest that these stem cells can serve as a potential source for cell-replacement-based therapy by promoting differentiation or expansion. In recent years, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated to effectively stimulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation, promote tissue regeneration, and inhibit inflammatory responses. AIMS To present a comprehensive overview of current application and mechanism of LIPUS on tissue resident stem cells. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science for articles on the effects of LIPUS on tissue resident stem cells and its application. RESULTS The LIPUS could modulate cellular activities such as cell viability, proliferation and differentiation of tissue resident stem cells and related cells through various cellular signaling pathways. Currently, LIPUS, as the main therapeutic ultrasound, is being widely used in the treatment of preclinical and clinical diseases. CONCLUSION The stem cell research is the hot topic in the biological science, while in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that TRSCs are good targets for LIPUS-regulated regenerative medicine. LIPUS may be a novel and valuable therapeutic approach for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. How to further improve its efficiency and accuracy, as well as the biological mechanism therein, will be the focus of future research.
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Lu G, Qian X, Gong C, Ji J, Thomas BB, Humayun MS, Zhou Q. Ultrasound Retinal Stimulation: A Mini-Review of Recent Developments. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:3224-3231. [PMID: 36343006 PMCID: PMC10424795 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3220568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound neuromodulation is an emerging technology. A significant amount of effort has been devoted to investigating the feasibility of noninvasive ultrasound retinal stimulation. Recent studies have shown that ultrasound can activate neurons in healthy and degenerated retinas. Specifically, high-frequency ultrasound can evoke localized neuron responses and generate patterns in visual circuits. In this review, we recapitulate pilot studies on ultrasound retinal stimulation, compare it with other neuromodulation technologies, and discuss its advantages and limitations. An overview of the opportunities and challenges to develop a noninvasive retinal prosthesis using high-frequency ultrasound is also provided.
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28
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Collins MN, Mesce KA. A review of the bioeffects of low-intensity focused ultrasound and the benefits of a cellular approach. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1047324. [PMID: 36439246 PMCID: PMC9685663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1047324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article highlights the historical developments and current state of knowledge of an important neuromodulation technology: low-intensity focused ultrasound. Because compelling studies have shown that focused ultrasound can modulate neuronal activity non-invasively, especially in deep brain structures with high spatial specificity, there has been a renewed interest in attempting to understand the specific bioeffects of focused ultrasound at the cellular level. Such information is needed to facilitate the safe and effective use of focused ultrasound to treat a number of brain and nervous system disorders in humans. Unfortunately, to date, there appears to be no singular biological mechanism to account for the actions of focused ultrasound, and it is becoming increasingly clear that different types of nerve cells will respond to focused ultrasound differentially based on the complement of their ion channels, other membrane biophysical properties, and arrangement of synaptic connections. Furthermore, neurons are apparently not equally susceptible to the mechanical, thermal and cavitation-related consequences of focused ultrasound application-to complicate matters further, many studies often use distinctly different focused ultrasound stimulus parameters to achieve a reliable response in neural activity. In this review, we consider the benefits of studying more experimentally tractable invertebrate preparations, with an emphasis on the medicinal leech, where neurons can be studied as unique individual cells and be synaptically isolated from the indirect effects of focused ultrasound stimulation on mechanosensitive afferents. In the leech, we have concluded that heat is the primary effector of focused ultrasound neuromodulation, especially on motoneurons in which we observed a focused ultrasound-mediated blockade of action potentials. We discuss that the mechanical bioeffects of focused ultrasound, which are frequently described in the literature, are less reliably achieved as compared to thermal ones, and that observations ascribed to mechanical responses may be confounded by activation of synaptically-coupled sensory structures or artifacts associated with electrode resonance. Ultimately, both the mechanical and thermal components of focused ultrasound have significant potential to contribute to the sculpting of specific neural outcomes. Because focused ultrasound can generate significant modulation at a temperature <5°C, which is believed to be safe for moderate durations, we support the idea that focused ultrasound should be considered as a thermal neuromodulation technology for clinical use, especially targeting neural pathways in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N. Collins
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Karen A. Mesce
- Department of Entomology and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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29
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Xu C, Lu G, Kang H, Humayun MS, Zhou Q. Design and Simulation of a Ring Transducer Array for Ultrasound Retinal Stimulation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1536. [PMID: 36144157 PMCID: PMC9503310 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Argus II retinal prosthesis is the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medical device intended to restore sight to a patient's blind secondary to retinal degeneration (i.e., retinitis pigmentosa). However, Argus II and most reported retinal prostheses require invasive surgery to implant electrodes in the eye. Recent studies have shown that focused ultrasound can be developed into a non-invasive retinal prosthesis technology. Ultrasound energy focused on retinal neurons can trigger the activities of retinal neurons with high spatial-temporal resolution. This paper introduces a novel design and simulation of a ring array transducer that could be used as non-invasive ultrasonic retinal stimulation. The array transducer is designed in the shape of a racing ring with a hemisphere surface that mimics a contact lens to acoustically couple with the eye via the tear film and directs the ultrasound to avoid the high acoustic absorption from the crystalline lens. We will describe the design methods and simulation of the two-dimensional pattern stimulation. Finally, compared with other existing retinal prostheses, we show that the ultrasound ring array is practical and safe and could be potentially used as a non-invasive retinal prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Haochen Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mark S. Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Badadhe JD, Roh H, Lee BC, Kim JH, Im M. Ultrasound stimulation for non-invasive visual prostheses. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:971148. [PMID: 35990889 PMCID: PMC9382087 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.971148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, it is estimated there are more than 2.2 billion visually impaired people. Visual diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and optic neuritis can cause irreversible profound vision loss. Many groups have investigated different approaches such as microelectronic prostheses, optogenetics, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy to restore vision. However, these methods have some limitations such as invasive implantation surgery and unknown long-term risk of genetic manipulation. In addition to the safety of ultrasound as a medical imaging modality, ultrasound stimulation can be a viable non-invasive alternative approach for the sight restoration because of its ability to non-invasively control neuronal activities. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated ultrasound stimulation can successfully modulate retinal/brain neuronal activities without causing any damage to the nerve cells. Superior penetration depth and high spatial resolution of focused ultrasound can open a new avenue in neuromodulation researches. This review summarizes the latest research results about neural responses to ultrasound stimulation. Also, this work provides an overview of technical viewpoints in the future design of a miniaturized ultrasound transducer for a non-invasive acoustic visual prosthesis for non-surgical and painless restoration of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Dilip Badadhe
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonhee Roh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maesoon Im
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Zhuo SY, Li GF, Gong HQ, Qiu WB, Zheng HR, Liang PJ. Low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound modulates light responsiveness of mouse retinal ganglion cells. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35772385 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac7d75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrasound modulates the firing activity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but the effects of lower-frequency, lower-intensity ultrasound on RGCs and underlying mechanism(s) remain poorly understood. This study aims to address these questions. APPROACH Multi-electrode recordings were used in this study to record the firing sequences of RGCs in isolated mouse retinas. RGCs' background firing activities as well as their light responses were recorded with or without ultrasound stimulation. Cross-correlation analyses were performed to investigate the possible cellular/circuitry mechanism(s) underlying ultrasound modulation. MAIN RESULTS It was found that ultrasound stimulation of isolated mouse retina enhanced the background activity of ON-RGCs and OFF-RGCs. In addition, background ultrasound stimulation shortened the light response latency of both ON-RGCs and OFF-RGCs, while enhancing part of the RGCs' (both ON- and OFF-subtypes) light response and decreasing that of the others. In some ON-OFF RGCs, the ON- and OFF-responses of an individual cell were oppositely modulated by the ultrasound stimulation, which suggests that ultrasound stimulation does not necessarily exert its effect directly on RGCs, but rather via its influence on other type(s) of cells. By analyzing the cross-correlation between the firing sequences of RGC pairs, it was found that concerted activity occurred during ultrasound stimulation differed from that occurred during light stimulation, in both spatial and temporal aspects. These results suggest that the cellular circuits involved in ultrasound- and light-induced concerted activities are different and glial cells may be involved in the circuit in response to ultrasound. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that ultrasound affects neuronal background activity and light responsiveness, which are critical for visual information processing. These results may also imply a hitherto unrecognized role of glial cell activation in the bidirectional modulation effects of RGCs and may be critical for the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yi Zhuo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, CHINA
| | - Guo-Feng Li
- Guangdong Medical University, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, CHINA
| | - Hai-Qing Gong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan 800 road, Shanghai, 200240, CHINA
| | - Wei-Bao Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave.,, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Hai-Rong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, P.R.China, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Pei-Ji Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200240, CHINA
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Hoffman BU, Baba Y, Lee SA, Tong CK, Konofagou EE, Lumpkin EA. Focused ultrasound excites action potentials in mammalian peripheral neurons in part through the mechanically gated ion channel PIEZO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115821119. [PMID: 35580186 PMCID: PMC9173751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115821119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are tasked with diverse roles, from encoding touch, pain, and itch to interoceptive control of inflammation and organ physiology. Thus, technologies that allow precise control of peripheral nerve activity have the potential to regulate a wide range of biological processes. Noninvasive modulation of neuronal activity is an important translational application of focused ultrasound (FUS). Recent studies have identified effective strategies to modulate brain circuits; however, reliable parameters to control the activity of the PNS are lacking. To develop robust noninvasive technologies for peripheral nerve modulation, we employed targeted FUS stimulation and electrophysiology in mouse ex vivo skin-saphenous nerve preparations to record the activity of individual mechanosensory neurons. Parameter space exploration showed that stimulating neuronal receptive fields with high-intensity, millisecond FUS pulses reliably and repeatedly evoked one-to-one action potentials in all peripheral neurons recorded. Interestingly, when neurons were classified based on neurophysiological properties, we identified a discrete range of FUS parameters capable of exciting all neuronal classes, including myelinated A fibers and unmyelinated C fibers. Peripheral neurons were excited by FUS stimulation targeted to either cutaneous receptive fields or peripheral nerves, a key finding that increases the therapeutic range of FUS-based peripheral neuromodulation. FUS elicited action potentials with millisecond latencies compared with electrical stimulation, suggesting ion channel–mediated mechanisms. Indeed, FUS thresholds were elevated in neurons lacking the mechanically gated channel PIEZO2. Together, these results demonstrate that transcutaneous FUS drives peripheral nerve activity by engaging intrinsic mechanotransduction mechanisms in neurons [B. U. Hoffman, PhD thesis, (2019)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin U. Hoffman
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Program in Neurobiology & Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Yoshichika Baba
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Stephen A. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Chi-Kun Tong
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ellen A. Lumpkin
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Program in Neurobiology & Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Mechanistic insights into ultrasonic neurostimulation of disconnected neurons using single short pulses. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:769-779. [PMID: 35561960 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic neurostimulation is a potentially potent noninvasive therapy, whose mechanism has yet to be elucidated. We designed a system capable of applying ultrasound with minimal reflections to neuronal cultures. Synaptic transmission was pharmacologically controlled, eliminating network effects, enabling examination of single-cell processes. Short single pulses of low-intensity ultrasound were applied, and time-locked responses were examined using calcium imaging. Low-pressure (0.35MPa) ultrasound directly stimulated ∼20% of pharmacologically disconnected neurons, regardless of membrane poration. Stimulation was resistant to the blockade of several purinergic receptor and mechanosensitive ion channel types. Stimulation was blocked, however, by suppression of action potentials. Surprisingly, even extremely short (4μs) pulses were effective, stimulating ∼8% of the neurons. Lower-pressure pulses (0.35MPa) were less effective than higher-pressure ones (0.65MPa). Attrition effects dominated, with no indication of compromised viability. Our results detract from theories implicating cavitation, heating, non-transient membrane pores >1.5nm, pre-synaptic release, or gradual effects. They implicate a post-synaptic mechanism upstream of the action potential, and narrow down the list of possible targets involved.
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Heimbuch IS, Fan TK, Wu AD, Faas GC, Charles AC, Iacoboni M. Ultrasound stimulation of the motor cortex during tonic muscle contraction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267268. [PMID: 35442956 PMCID: PMC9020726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (tUS) shows potential as a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique, offering increased spatial precision compared to other NIBS techniques. However, its reported effects on primary motor cortex (M1) are limited. We aimed to better understand tUS effects in human M1 by performing tUS of the hand area of M1 (M1hand) during tonic muscle contraction of the index finger. Stimulation during muscle contraction was chosen because of the transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced phenomenon known as cortical silent period (cSP), in which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of M1hand involuntarily suppresses voluntary motor activity. Since cSP is widely considered an inhibitory phenomenon, it presents an ideal parallel for tUS, which has often been proposed to preferentially influence inhibitory interneurons. Recording electromyography (EMG) of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle, we investigated effects on muscle activity both during and after tUS. We found no change in FDI EMG activity concurrent with tUS stimulation. Using single-pulse TMS, we found no difference in M1 excitability before versus after sparsely repetitive tUS exposure. Using acoustic simulations in models made from structural MRI of the participants that matched the experimental setups, we estimated in-brain pressures and generated an estimate of cumulative tUS exposure experienced by M1hand for each subject. We were unable to find any correlation between cumulative M1hand exposure and M1 excitability change. We also present data that suggest a TMS-induced MEP always preceded a near-threshold cSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S. Heimbuch
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tiffany K. Fan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Allan D. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guido C. Faas
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Charles
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marco Iacoboni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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35
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Darmani G, Bergmann T, Butts Pauly K, Caskey C, de Lecea L, Fomenko A, Fouragnan E, Legon W, Murphy K, Nandi T, Phipps M, Pinton G, Ramezanpour H, Sallet J, Yaakub S, Yoo S, Chen R. Non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation for neuromodulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 135:51-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Furukawa R, Kaneta H, Tateno T. A Multielectrode Array-Based Recording System for Analyzing Ultrasound-Driven Neural Responses in Brain Slices in vitro. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:824142. [PMID: 35273476 PMCID: PMC8902160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.824142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound stimulation is expected to be useful for transcranial local and deep stimulation of the brain, which is difficult to achieve using conventional electromagnetic stimulation methods. Previous ultrasound stimulation experiments have used various types of acute in vitro preparations, including hippocampus slices from rodents and Caenorhabditis elegans tissue. For in vivo preparations, researchers have used the cortices of rodents as targets for transcranial ultrasound stimulation. However, no previous studies have used in vitro ultrasound stimulation in rodent cortical slices to examine the mechanisms of ultrasound-driven central neural circuits. Here we demonstrate the optimal experimental conditions for an in vitro ultrasound stimulation system for measuring activity in brain slices using a multielectrode array substrate. We found that the peak amplitudes of the ultrasound-evoked cortical responses in the brain slices depend on the intensities and durations of the ultrasound stimulation parameters. Thus, our findings provide a new in vitro experimental setup that enables activation of a brain slice via ultrasound stimulation. Accordingly, our results indicate that choosing the appropriate ultrasound waveguide structure and stimulation parameters is important for producing the desired intensity distribution in a localized area within a brain slice. We expect that this experimental setup will facilitate future exploration of the mechanisms of ultrasound-driven neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Furukawa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneta
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tateno
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Qian X, Lu G, Thomas BB, Li R, Chen X, Shung KK, Humayun M, Zhou Q. Noninvasive Ultrasound Retinal Stimulation for Vision Restoration at High Spatiotemporal Resolution. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9829316. [PMID: 37850175 PMCID: PMC10521738 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9829316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Retinal degeneration involving progressive deterioration and loss of function of photoreceptors is a major cause of permanent vision loss worldwide. Strategies to treat these incurable conditions incorporate retinal prostheses via electrically stimulating surviving retinal neurons with implanted devices in the eye, optogenetic therapy, and sonogenetic therapy. Existing challenges of these strategies include invasive manner, complex implantation surgeries, and risky gene therapy. Methods and Results. Here, we show that direct ultrasound stimulation on the retina can evoke neuron activities from the visual centers including the superior colliculus and the primary visual cortex (V1), in either normal-sighted or retinal degenerated blind rats in vivo. The neuron activities induced by the customized spherically focused 3.1 MHz ultrasound transducer have shown both good spatial resolution of 250 μm and temporal resolution of 5 Hz in the rat visual centers. An additional customized 4.4 MHz helical transducer was further implemented to generate a static stimulation pattern of letter forms. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that ultrasound stimulation of the retina in vivo is a safe and effective approach with high spatiotemporal resolution, indicating a promising future of ultrasound stimulation as a novel and noninvasive visual prosthesis for translational applications in blind patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Biju B. Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mark Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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38
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Jordan T, Newcomb JM, Hoppa MB, Luke GP. Focused Ultrasound Stimulation of an ex-vivo Aplysia Abdominal Ganglion Preparation. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 372:109536. [PMID: 35227740 PMCID: PMC8978332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research demonstrates that focused ultrasound stimulates activity in human and other mammalian nervous systems. However, there is no consensus on which sonication parameters are optimal. Furthermore, the mechanism of action behind ultrasound neurostimulation remains poorly understood. An invertebrate model greatly reduces biological complexity, permitting a systematic evaluation of sonication parameters suitable for ultrasound neurostimulation. NEW METHOD Here, we describe the use of focused ultrasound stimulation with an ex-vivo abdominal ganglion preparation of the California sea hare, Aplysia californica, a long-standing model system in neurobiology. We developed a system for stimulating an isolated ganglion preparation while obtaining extracellular recordings from nerves. The focused ultrasound stimulation uses one of two single-element transducers, enabling stimulation at four distinct carrier frequencies (0.515 MHz, 1.l MHz, 1.61 MHz, 3.41 MHz). RESULTS Using continuous wave ultrasound, we stimulated the ganglion at all four frequencies, and we present quantitative evaluation of elicited activation at four different sonication durations and three peak pressure levels, eliciting up to a 57-fold increase in spiking frequency. COMPARISON WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION We demonstrated that ultrasound-induced activation is repeatable, and the response consistency is comparable to electrical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Due to the relative ease of long-term recordings for many hours, this ex-vivo ganglion preparation is suitable for investigating sonication parameters and the effects of focused ultrasound stimulation on neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jordan
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - James M Newcomb
- Department of Biology and Health Science, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242, USA
| | - Michael B Hoppa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Luke
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Planar polarity in primate cone photoreceptors: a potential role in Stiles Crawford effect phototropism. Commun Biol 2022; 5:89. [PMID: 35075261 PMCID: PMC8786850 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cone phototropism is a key mechanism underlying the Stiles-Crawford effect, a psychophysiological phenomenon according to which photoreceptor outer/inner segments are aligned along with the direction of incoming light. However, such photomechanical movements of photoreceptors remain elusive in mammals. We first show here that primate cone photoreceptors have a planar polarity organized radially around the optical center of the eye. This planar polarity, based on the structure of the cilium and calyceal processes, is highly reminiscent of the planar polarity of the hair cells and their kinocilium and stereocilia. Secondly, we observe under super-high resolution expansion microscopy the cytoskeleton and Usher proteins architecture in the photoreceptors, which appears to establish a mechanical continuity between the outer and inner segments. Taken together, these results suggest a comprehensive cellular mechanism consistent with an active phototropism of cones toward the optical center of the eye, and thus with the Stiles-Crawford effect. Verschueren et al. expand our understanding of the Stiles-Crawford effect in mammals by using super-high resolution expansion microscopy of the adult macaque eye. They show that cone photoreceptors have a planar polarity organized radially around the optical center of the eye and that Usher proteins establish a mechanical continuity between the outer and inner segments, which sheds light on the Stiles-Crawford effect in this species.
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40
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Nguyen DT, Berisha DE, Konofagou EE, Dmochowski JP. Neuronal responses to focused ultrasound are gated by pre-stimulation brain rhythms. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:233-243. [PMID: 34990877 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to its high spatial resolution and penetration depth, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is one of the most promising approaches to non-invasive neuromodulation. Identifying the impact of endogenous neural activity on neuromodulation outcome is critical to harnessing the potential of tFUS. OBJECTIVE Here we sought to identify the relationship between pre-stimulation neural activity and the neuronal response to tFUS. METHODS We applied 3 min of continuous-wave tFUS to the hippocampal region of the rat while recording local field potentials (LFP) and multi-unit activity (MUA) from the target. We also tested the application of tFUS but with an air gap separating the transducer and the skull, as well as active stimulation of the contralateral olfactory bulb. RESULTS We observed a modest but significant increase in firing rate during hippocampal tFUS, but not during stimulation of the olfactory bulb or when an air gap was present. Importantly, the observed firing rate increase was significantly modulated by the power of baseline oscillations in the LFP, with low levels of delta (1-3 Hz) and high levels of theta (4-10 Hz) and gamma (30-250 Hz) power producing significantly larger firing rate increases. Firing rate increases were also amplified by a factor of 7× when stimulation was applied during periods of frequent sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that baseline brain rhythms may effectively "gate" the response to tFUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc T Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, United States
| | - Destiny E Berisha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, United States
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, United States
| | - Jacek P Dmochowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, United States.
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Cheng Z, Wang C, Wei B, Gan W, Zhou Q, Cui M. High resolution ultrasonic neural modulation observed via in vivo two-photon calcium imaging. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:190-196. [PMID: 34952226 PMCID: PMC9169577 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural modulation plays a major role in delineating the circuit mechanisms and serves as the cornerstone of neural interface technologies. Among the various modulation mechanisms, ultrasound enables noninvasive label-free deep access to mammalian brain tissue. To date, most if not all ultrasonic neural modulation implementations are based on ∼1 MHz carrier frequency. The long acoustic wavelength results in a spatially coarse modulation zone, often spanning over multiple function regions. The modulation of one function region is inevitably linked with the modulation of its neighboring regions. Moreover, the lack of in vivo cellular resolution cell-type-specific recording capabilities in most studies prevents the revealing of the genuine cellular response to ultrasound. To significantly increase the spatial resolution, we explored the application of high-frequency ultrasound. To investigate the neuronal response at cellular resolutions, we developed a dual-modality system combining in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and focused ultrasound modulation. The studies show that the ∼30 MHz ultrasound can suppress the neuronal activity in awake mice at 100-μm scale spatial resolutions, paving the way for high-resolution ultrasonic neural modulation. The dual-modality in vivo system validated through this study will serve as a general platform for studying the dynamics of various cell types in response to ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyue Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chenmao Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bowen Wei
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Wenbiao Gan
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Vion-Bailly J, Suarez-Castellanos IM, Chapelon JY, Carpentier A, N'Djin WA. Neurostimulation success rate of repetitive-pulse focused ultrasound in an in vivo giant axon model: An acoustic parametric study. Med Phys 2021; 49:682-701. [PMID: 34796512 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a promising tool to develop new modalities of therapeutic neurostimulation. The ability of FUS to stimulate the nervous system, in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally precise manner, has been demonstrated in animals and human subjects, but the underlying biomechanisms are not fully understood yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate the bioeffects involved in the generation of trains of action potentials (APs) by repetitive-pulse FUS stimuli in a simple invertebrate neural model. METHODS The respective influences of different acoustic parameters on the neurostimulation success rate (NSR), defined as the rate of FUS stimuli capable of evoking at least one AP, were explored using the system of afferent nerves and giant fibers of Lumbricus terrestris as neural model. Each parameter was studied independently by administering random FUS sequences while keeping all but one FUS parameter constant. The NSR was evaluated as a function of (i) the spatial-average pulse-average intensity (Isapa ); (ii) the pulse duration (PD); (iii) the pulse repetition frequency (PRF); iv) the number of cycles per pulse (Ncycles ); (v) two ultrasound frequencies, f0 = 1.1 MHz and f3 = 3.3 MHz, corresponding to the fundamental and third-harmonic resonant frequencies of the FUS transducer, respectively (spherical, radius of curvature: 50 mm); and (vi) levels of emerging stable cavitation and inertial cavitation. RESULTS The NSR associated to 1.1 MHz repetitive-pulse FUS stimuli was found to increase as a function of increasing Isapa , PD, PRF, and Ncycles . When evaluating each parameter at f = 1.1 MHz, it was observed that NSRs close to 100% were achieved when sufficiently elevating their respective values. When computing the NSR as a function of the spatial-average, temporal-average intensity (Isata ), defined as the product of PRF, PD, and Isapa , a significant elevation of the NSR from 0% to close to 100% was measured by increasing Isata from values approximate to 4 W/cm2 to values higher than 12 W/cm2 . No clear and consistent trend was observed in trials aimed at exploring the effects of different levels of stable and inertial acoustic cavitation on the NSR. Finally, the feasibility of inducing neural responses with 3.3 MHz repetitive-pulse FUS stimuli was also demonstrated with NSRs reaching up to 60%, in the range of FUS parameters studied. CONCLUSION The time-averaged value of the radiation force per unit volume of tissue is proportional to the acoustic intensity. As a result, the observations from this study suggest that the neural structure responding to the stimulus is sensitive to the mean radiation force carried by the FUS sequence, regardless of the combination of FUS parameters giving rise to such force. The results from this study further revealed the existence of a minimal activation threshold with regard to Isapa .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vion-Bailly
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Chapelon
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- AP-HP, Neurosurgery department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, GRC23, Interface Neuro Machine Team, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - W Apoutou N'Djin
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, F-69003, Lyon, France
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Tseng HA, Sherman J, Bortz E, Mohammed A, Gritton HJ, Bensussen S, Tang RP, Zemel D, Szabo T, Han X. Region-specific effects of ultrasound on individual neurons in the awake mammalian brain. iScience 2021; 24:102955. [PMID: 34458703 PMCID: PMC8379692 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound modulates brain activity. However, it remains unclear how ultrasound affects individual neurons in the brain, where neural circuit architecture is intact and different brain regions exhibit distinct tissue properties. Using a high-resolution calcium imaging technique, we characterized the effect of ultrasound stimulation on thousands of individual neurons in the hippocampus and the motor cortex of awake mice. We found that brief 100-ms-long ultrasound pulses increase intracellular calcium in a large fraction of individual neurons in both brain regions. Ultrasound-evoked calcium response in hippocampal neurons exhibits a rapid onset with a latency shorter than 50 ms. The evoked response in the hippocampus is shorter in duration and smaller in magnitude than that in the motor cortex. These results demonstrate that noninvasive ultrasound stimulation transiently increases intracellular calcium in individual neurons in awake mice, and the evoked response profiles are brain region specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-an Tseng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jack Sherman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emma Bortz
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ali Mohammed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Howard J. Gritton
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Seth Bensussen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rockwell P. Tang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dana Zemel
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Szabo
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Prieto ML, Firouzi K, Khuri-Yakub BT, Madison DV, Maduke M. Spike frequency-dependent inhibition and excitation of neural activity by high-frequency ultrasound. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:182190. [PMID: 33074301 PMCID: PMC7534904 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound can modulate action potential firing in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon is not well understood. To address this problem, we used patch-clamp recording to quantify the effects of focused, high-frequency (43 MHz) ultrasound on evoked action potential firing in CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute rodent hippocampal brain slices. We find that ultrasound can either inhibit or potentiate firing in a spike frequency–dependent manner: at low (near-threshold) input currents and low firing frequencies, ultrasound inhibits firing, while at higher input currents and higher firing frequencies, ultrasound potentiates firing. The net result of these two competing effects is that ultrasound increases the threshold current for action potential firing, the slope of frequency-input curves, and the maximum firing frequency. In addition, ultrasound slightly hyperpolarizes the resting membrane potential, decreases action potential width, and increases the depth of the after-hyperpolarization. All of these results can be explained by the hypothesis that ultrasound activates a sustained potassium conductance. According to this hypothesis, increased outward potassium currents hyperpolarize the resting membrane potential and inhibit firing at near-threshold input currents but potentiate firing in response to higher-input currents by limiting inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels during the action potential. This latter effect is a consequence of faster action potential repolarization, which limits inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels, and deeper (more negative) after-hyperpolarization, which increases the rate of recovery from inactivation. Based on these results, we propose that ultrasound activates thermosensitive and mechanosensitive two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels through heating or mechanical effects of acoustic radiation force. Finite-element modeling of the effects of ultrasound on brain tissue suggests that the effects of ultrasound on firing frequency are caused by a small (<2°C) increase in temperature, with possible additional contributions from mechanical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Loynaz Prieto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kamyar Firouzi
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Daniel V Madison
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Merritt Maduke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Sheng H, Zhang X, Liang J, Shao M, Xie E, Yu C, Lan W. Recent Advances of Energy Solutions for Implantable Bioelectronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100199. [PMID: 33930254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of implantable bioelectronics has attracted widespread attention in modern society because it can improve treatment outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and lead to an improvement in the quality of life. However, their continuous operation is often limited by conventional bulky and rigid batteries with a limited lifespan, which must be surgically removed after completing their missions and/or replaced after being exhausted. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent advances in nonconventional energy solutions for implantable bioelectronics, emphasizing the miniaturized, flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable power devices. According to their source of energy, the promising alternative energy solutions are sorted into three main categories, including energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), internal energy-harvesting devices (including biofuel cells, piezoelectric/triboelectric energy harvesters, thermoelectric and biopotential power generators), and external wireless power transmission technologies (including inductive coupling/radiofrequency, ultrasound-induced, and photovoltaic devices). Their fundamentals, materials strategies, structural design, output performances, animal experiments, and typical biomedical applications are also discussed. It is expected to offer complementary power sources to extend the battery lifetime of bioelectronics while acting as an independent power supply. Thereafter, the existing challenges and perspectives associated with these powering devices are also outlined, with a focus on implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Mingjiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Erqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Wei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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Zhong Y, Wang Y, He Z, Lin Z, Pang N, Niu L, Guo Y, Pan M, Meng L. Closed-loop wearable ultrasound deep brain stimulation system based on EEG in mice. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34388739 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1d5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Epilepsy is one of the most common severe brain disorders. Ultrasound deep brain stimulation (UDBS) has shown a potential capability to suppress seizures. However, because seizures occur sporadically, it is necessary to develop a closed-loop system to suppress them. Therefore, we developed a closed-loop wearable UDBS system that delivers ultrasound to the hippocampus to suppress epileptic seizures.Approach.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg kg-1kainic acid and divided into sham and UDBS groups. Epileptic seizures were detected by applying both long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (BILSTM) networks according to EEG signal characteristics. When epileptic seizures were detected, the closed-loop UDBS system automatically activated a trigger switch to stimulate the hippocampus for 10 min and continuously record EEG signals until 20 min after ultrasonic stimulation. EEG signals were analyzed using the MATLAB software. After EEG recording, we observed the survival rate of the experimental mice for 72 h.Main results.The BiLSTM network was found to have preferable classification performance over the LSTM network. The closed-loop UDBS system with BiLSTM could automatically detect epileptic seizures using EEG signals and effectively reduce epileptic EEG power spectral density and seizure duration by 10.73%, eventually improving the survival rate of early epileptic mice from 67.57% in the sham group to 88.89% in the UDBS group.Significance.The closed-loop UDBS system developed in this study could be an effective clinical tool for the control of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhong
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biomedical and Health engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyi He
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical and Health engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Pang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Niu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Meng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Tarnaud T, Joseph W, Schoeters R, Martens L, Tanghe E. Membrane Charge Oscillations During Ultrasonic Neuromodulation by Intramembrane Cavitation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:2892-2903. [PMID: 34086559 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3086594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the importance of membrane charge oscillations and redistribution in multi-compartmental ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNMOD) intramembrane cavitation models. METHODS The Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation Excitation (NICE) model and multiScale Optimized model of Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation (SONIC) of UNMOD are compared for a nanoscale multi-compartmental and point neuron approximation of the bilayer sonophore and surrounding proteins. The temporal dynamics of charge oscillations and their effect on the resulting voltage oscillations are investigated by fourier series analysis. RESULTS Comparison of excitation thresholds and neuronal response between nanoscale multi-compartmental and point models, implemented in the SONIC and NICE framework, demonstrates that the explicit modeling of fast spatial charge redistribution is critical for an accurate multi-compartmental UNMOD-model. Furthermore, the importance of modeling partial protein coverage is quantified by the excitability thresholds. Subsequently, we establish by fourier analysis that these charge oscillations are slowly changing in time. CONCLUSION Fast charge redistribution significantly alters neuronal excitability in a multi-compartmental nanoscale UNMOD-model. Also the mutual exclusivity between protein and sonophore coverage should be taken into account, when simulating the dependency of neuronal excitability on coverage fractions. Charge oscillations are periodic and their fourier components change on a slow timescale. Furthermore, the resulting voltage oscillations decrease in energy with overtone number, implying that an extension of the existing multiscale model (SONIC) to multi-compartmental neurons is possible by taking into account a limited number of fourier components. SIGNIFICANCE First steps are taken towards a morphologically realistic and computationally efficient UNMOD-model, improving our understanding of the underlying ultrasonic neuromodulation mechanisms.
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Zhang M, Li B, Lv X, Liu S, Liu Y, Tang R, Lang Y, Huang Q, He J. Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Attenuation of Acute Seizure Activity Based on EEG Brain Functional Connectivity. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060711. [PMID: 34071964 PMCID: PMC8228165 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ultrasound has been used for noninvasive stimulation and is a promising technique for treating neurological diseases. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, that is attributed to uncontrollable abnormal neuronal hyperexcitability. Abnormal synchronized activities can be observed across multiple brain regions during a seizure. (2) Methods: we used low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to sonicate the brains of epileptic rats, analyzed the EEG functional brain network to explore the effect of LIFU on the epileptic brain network, and continued to explore the mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation. LIFU was used in the hippocampus of epileptic rats in which a seizure was induced by kainic acid. (3) Results: By comparing the brain network characteristics before and after sonication, we found that LIFU significantly impacted the functional brain network, especially in the low-frequency band. The brain network connection strength across multiple brain regions significantly decreased after sonication compared to the connection strength in the control group. The brain network indicators (the path length, clustering coefficient, small-worldness, local efficiency and global efficiency) all changed significantly in the low-frequency. (4) Conclusions: These results revealed that LIFU could reduce the network connections of epilepsy circuits and change the structure of the brain network at the whole-brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Bo Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sican Liu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Yafei Liu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Rongyu Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yiran Lang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiping He
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (S.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (J.H.)
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Asan AS, Kang Q, Oralkan Ö, Sahin M. Entrainment of cerebellar Purkinje cell spiking activity using pulsed ultrasound stimulation. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:598-606. [PMID: 33774207 PMCID: PMC8164992 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focused ultrasound (FUS) has excellent characteristics over other non-invasive stimulation methods in terms of spatial resolution and steering capability of the target. FUS has not been tested in the cerebellar cortex and cellular effects of FUS are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To investigate how the activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) is modulated by FUS with varying pulse durations and pulse repetition frequencies. METHODS A glass microelectrode was inserted into the cerebellar vermis lobule 6 from the dorsal side to extracellularly record single unit activity of the PCs in anesthetized rats. Ultrasonic stimulation (500 kHz) was applied through a coupling cone, filled with degassed water, from the posterior side to target the recording area with varying pulse durations and frequencies. RESULTS Simple spike (SS) activity of PCs was entrained by the FUS pattern where the probability of spike occurrences peaked at around 1 ms following the onset of the stimulus regardless of its duration (0.5, 1, or 2 ms). The level of entrainment was stronger with shorter pulse durations at 50-Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF), however, peri-event histograms spread wider and the peaks delayed slightly at 100-Hz PRF, suggesting involvement of a long-lasting inhibitory mechanism. There was no significant difference between the average firing rates in the baseline and stimulation periods. CONCLUSION FUS can entrain spiking activity of single cells on a spike-by-spike basis as demonstrated here in the rat cerebellar cortex. The observed modulation potentially results from the aggregate of excitatory and inhibitory effects of FUS on the entire cortical network rather than on the PCs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet S Asan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Qi Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ömer Oralkan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mesut Sahin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Yuan D, Tian H, Zhou Y, Wu J, Sun T, Xiao Z, Shang C, Wang J, Chen X, Sun Y, Tang J, Qiu S, Tan LH. Acupoint-brain (acubrain) mapping: Common and distinct cortical language regions activated by focused ultrasound stimulation on two language-relevant acupoints. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 215:104920. [PMID: 33561785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture, taking the advantage of modality-specific neural pathways, has shown promising results in the treatment of brain disorders that affect different modalities such as pain and vision. However, the precise underlying mechanisms of within-modality neuromodulation of acupoints on human high-order cognition remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used a non-invasive and easy-operating method, focused ultrasound, to stimulate two language-relevant acupoints, namely GB39 (Xuanzhong) and SJ8 (Sanyangluo), of thirty healthy adults. The effect of focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) on brain activation was examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that stimulating GB39 and SJ8 by FUS evoked overlapping but distinct brain activation patterns. Our findings provide a major step toward within-modality (in this case, language) acupoint-brain (acubrain) mapping and shed light on to the potential use of FUS as a personalized treatment option for brain disorders that affect high-level cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yuan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration and Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyue Tian
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration and Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration and Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinjian Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuoni Xiao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration and Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Joey Tang
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Hai Tan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration and Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China.
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