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Qiu R, Cai Y, Su Y, Fan K, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Emerging insights into Lipocalin-2: Unraveling its role in Parkinson's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116947. [PMID: 38901198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, marked by a complex pathogenesis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) emerges as a crucial factor during the progression of PD. Belonging to the lipocalin family, LCN2 is integral to several biological functions, including glial cell activation, iron homeostasis regulation, immune response, inflammatory reactions, and oxidative stress mitigation. Substantial research has highlighted marked increases in LCN2 expression within the substantia nigra (SN), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of individuals with PD. This review focuses on the pathological roles of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, aging, neuronal damage, and iron dysregulation in PD. It aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of LCN2 in the disease and potential therapeutic targets that could inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yana Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangli Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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2
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Ullah Z, Tao Y, Huang J. Integrated Bioinformatics-Based Identification and Validation of Neuroinflammation-Related Hub Genes in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8193. [PMID: 39125762 PMCID: PMC11311784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness, affecting 80 million people worldwide. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of neuroinflammation in the early stages of glaucoma, involving immune and glial cells. To investigate this further, we used the GSE27276 dataset from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database and neuroinflammation genes from the GeneCards database to identify differentially expressed neuroinflammation-related genes associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Subsequently, these genes were submitted to Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for pathway enrichment analyses. Hub genes were picked out through protein-protein interaction networks and further validated using the external datasets (GSE13534 and GSE9944) and real-time PCR analysis. The gene-miRNA regulatory network, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and regional expression analysis were performed to further validate the involvement of hub genes in glaucoma. A total of 179 differentially expressed genes were identified, comprising 60 upregulated and 119 downregulated genes. Among them, 18 differentially expressed neuroinflammation-related genes were found to overlap between the differentially expressed genes and neuroinflammation-related genes, with six genes (SERPINA3, LCN2, MMP3, S100A9, IL1RN, and HP) identified as potential hub genes. These genes were related to the IL-17 signaling pathway and tyrosine metabolism. The gene-miRNA regulatory network showed that these hub genes were regulated by 118 miRNAs. Notably, GWAS data analysis successfully identified significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to these six hub genes. ROC curve analysis indicated that our genes showed significant accuracy in POAG. The expression of these genes was further confirmed in microglia, Müller cells, astrocytes, and retinal ganglion cells in the Spectacle database. Moreover, three hub genes, SERPINA3, IL1R1, and LCN2, were validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers for high-risk glaucoma patients, showing increased expression in the OGD/R-induced glaucoma model. This study suggests that the identified hub genes may influence the development of POAG by regulation of neuroinflammation, and it may offer novel insights into the management of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (Z.U.); (Y.T.)
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3
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Afridi R, Kim JH, Bhusal A, Lee WH, Suk K. Lipocalin-2 as a mediator of neuroimmune communication. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:357-368. [PMID: 38149462 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2, a neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is a 25-kDa secreted protein implicated in a broad range of inflammatory diseases affecting the brain and periphery. It is a pleotropic protein expressed by various immune and nonimmune cells throughout the body. Importantly, the surge in lipocalin-2 levels in disease states has been associated with a myriad of undesirable effects, further exacerbating the ongoing pathological processes. In the brain, glial cells are the principal source of lipocalin-2, which plays a definitive role in determining their functional phenotypes. In different central nervous system pathologies, an increased expression of glial lipocalin-2 has been linked to neurotoxicity. Lipocalin-2 mediates a crosstalk between central and peripheral immune cells under neuroinflammatory conditions. One intriguing aspect is that elevated lipocalin-2 levels in peripheral disorders, such as cancer, metabolic conditions, and liver diseases, potentially incite an inflammatory activation of glial cells while disrupting neuronal functions. This review comprehensively summarizes the influence of lipocalin-2 on the exacerbation of neuroinflammation by regulating various cellular processes. Additionally, this review explores lipocalin-2 as a mediator of neuroimmune crosstalk in various central nervous system pathologies and highlights the role of lipocalin-2 in carrying inflammatory signals along the neuroimmune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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4
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Shi H, Chen M. The brain-bone axis: unraveling the complex interplay between the central nervous system and skeletal metabolism. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:317. [PMID: 38849920 PMCID: PMC11161955 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-bone axis has emerged as a captivating field of research, unveiling the intricate bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal metabolism. This comprehensive review delves into the current state of knowledge surrounding the brain-bone axis, exploring the complex mechanisms, key players, and potential clinical implications of this fascinating area of study. The review discusses the neural regulation of bone metabolism, highlighting the roles of the sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters in modulating bone remodeling. In addition, it examines the influence of bone-derived factors, such as osteocalcin and fibroblast growth factor 23, on brain function and behavior. The therapeutic potential of targeting the brain-bone axis in the context of skeletal and neurological disorders is also explored. By unraveling the complex interplay between the CNS and skeletal metabolism, this review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and students interested in the brain-bone axis and its implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Shi
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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5
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Yan L, Yang F, Wang Y, Shi L, Wang M, Yang D, Wang W, Jia Y, So KF, Zhang L. Stress increases hepatic release of lipocalin 2 which contributes to anxiety-like behavior in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3034. [PMID: 38589429 PMCID: PMC11001612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces anxiety disorders via both neural pathways and circulating factors. Although many studies have elucidated the neural circuits involved in stress-coping behaviors, the origin and regulatory mechanism of peripheral cytokines in behavioural regulation under stress conditions are not fully understood. Here, we identified a serum cytokine, lipocalin 2 (LCN2), that was upregulated in participants with anxiety disorders. Using a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS), circulating LCN2 was found to be related to stress-induced anxiety-like behaviour via modulation of neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). These results suggest that stress increases hepatic LCN2 via a neural pathway, leading to disrupted cortical functions and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yan
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Diran Yang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Research for Mental Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Research for Mental Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Clinical Research for Mental Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China.
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Bhusal A, Kim JH, Kim SC, Hwang EM, Ryu H, Ali MS, Park SC, Lee WH, Suk K. The microglial innate immune protein PGLYRP1 mediates neuroinflammation and consequent behavioral changes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113813. [PMID: 38393947 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is a pattern-recognition protein that mediates antibacterial actions and innate immune responses. Its expression and role in neuroinflammatory conditions remain unclear. We observed the upregulation of PGLYRP1 in inflamed human and mouse spinal cord and brain, with microglia being the primary cellular source. Experiments using a recombinant PGLYRP1 protein show that PGLYRP1 potentiates reactive gliosis, neuroinflammation, and consequent behavioral changes in multiple animal models of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Pglyrp1 gene expression attenuates this inflammatory response. In addition, we identify triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM1) as an interaction partner of PGLYRP1 and demonstrate that PGLYRP1 promotes neuroinflammation through the TREM1-Syk-Erk1/2-Stat3 axis in cultured glial cells. Taken together, our results reveal a role for microglial PGLYRP1 as a neuroinflammation mediator. Finally, we propose that PGLYRP1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in various neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sekendar Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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7
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An JR, Wang QF, Sun GY, Su JN, Liu JT, Zhang C, Wang L, Teng D, Yang YF, Shi Y. The Role of Iron Overload in Diabetic Cognitive Impairment: A Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3235-3247. [PMID: 37872972 PMCID: PMC10590583 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s432858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly associated with cognitive decline and structural damage to the brain. Cognitive deficits appear early in DM and continue to worsen as the disease progresses, possibly due to different underlying mechanisms. Normal iron metabolism is necessary to maintain normal physiological functions of the brain, but iron deposition is one of the causes of some neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence shows that iron overload not only increases the risk of DM, but also contributes to the development of cognitive impairment. The current review highlights the role of iron overload in diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), including the specific location and regulation mechanism of iron deposition in the diabetic brain, the factors that trigger iron deposition, and the consequences of iron deposition. Finally, we also discuss possible therapies to improve DCI and brain iron deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ren An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Yan Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Nan Su
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Teng
- He University, Shenyang, 110163, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Shi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Combining Disease and Syndrome of Diabetes, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
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Kalinin S, Feinstein DL. Astrocyte lipocalin-2 modestly effects disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis while reducing mature oligodendrocyte protein and mRNA expression. Neurosci Lett 2023; 815:137497. [PMID: 37748675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Roles for lipocalin-2 (LCN2, also referred to as neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, NGAL) in the progression of disease in multiple sclerosis and its animal models have been reported; however, the importance of astrocyte-derived LCN2, a major source of LCN2, have not been defined. We found that clinical scores in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were modestly delayed in mice with conditional knockout of LCN2 from astrocytes, associated with a small decrease in astrocyte GFAP expression. Immunostaining and qPCR of spinal cord samples showed decreased oligodendrocyte proteolipid protein and transcription factor Olig2 expression, but no changes in PDGFRα expression. These results suggest astrocyte LCN2 contributes to early events in EAE and reduces damage to mature oligodendrocytes at later times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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9
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Jiang SY, Tian T, Yao H, Xia XM, Wang C, Cao L, Hu G, Du RH, Lu M. The cGAS-STING-YY1 axis accelerates progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease via LCN2-dependent astrocyte senescence. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2280-2292. [PMID: 37633968 PMCID: PMC10589362 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide clues that astrocyte senescence is correlated with Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, while little is known about the molecular basis for astrocyte senescence in PD. Here, we found that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was upregulated in senescent astrocytes of PD and aged mice. Strikingly, deletion of astrocytic cGAS significantly prevented senescence of astrocytes and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we identified LCN2 as the effector of cGAS-STING signal by RNA-Seq analysis. Genetic manipulation of LCN2 expression proved the regulation of cGAS-STING-LCN2 axis in astrocyte senescence. Additionally, YY1 was discovered as the transcription factor of LCN2 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Binding of STING to YY1 impedes nuclear translocation of YY1. Herein, we determine the involvement of the cGAS-STING-YY1-LCN2 signaling cascade in the control of astrocyte senescence and PD progression. Together, this work fills the gap in our understanding of astrocyte senescence, and provides potential targets for delaying PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Tian Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Hang Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Ren-Hong Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
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10
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Cao W, Fan D. Neutrophils: a subgroup of neglected immune cells in ALS. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1246768. [PMID: 37662922 PMCID: PMC10468589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1246768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons. Dysregulated peripheral immunity has been identified as a hallmark of ALS. Neutrophils, as the front-line responders of innate immunity, contribute to host defense through pathogen clearance. However, they can concurrently play a detrimental role in chronic inflammation. With the unveiling of novel functions of neutrophils in neurodegenerative diseases, it becomes essential to review our current understanding of neutrophils and to recognize the gap in our knowledge about their role in ALS. Thus, a detailed comprehension of the biological processes underlying neutrophil-induced pathogenesis in ALS may assist in identifying potential cell-based therapeutic strategies to delay disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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11
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Kaur N, LaForce G, Mallela DP, Saha PP, Buffa J, Li XS, Sangwan N, Rothenberg K, Zhu W. Exploratory Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals the Role of Gut Microbiota in Vascular Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098091. [PMID: 37175797 PMCID: PMC10178712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment and dementia. Vascular dementia (VaD), a cognitive impairment following a stroke, is common and significantly impacts the quality of life. We recently demonstrated via gut microbe transplant studies that the gut microbe-dependent trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) pathway impacts stroke severity, both infarct size and long-term cognitive outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms that underly the role of the microbiome in VaD have not been explored in depth. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive RNA-sequencing analysis to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes in the ischemic cerebral cortex of mouse brains at pre-stroke and post-stroke day 1 and day 3. A total of 4016, 3752 and 7861 DE genes were identified at pre-stroke and post-stroke day 1 and day 3, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated pathways of neurodegeneration in multiple diseases, chemokine signaling, calcium signaling, and IL-17 signaling as the key enriched pathways. Inflammatory response genes interleukin-1 beta (Il-1β), chemokines (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10), chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2)), and immune system genes (S100 calcium binding protein 8 (S100a8), lipocalin-2 (Lcn2)) were among the most significantly upregulated genes. Hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (Hcrt), a neuropeptide, and transcription factors such as neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3), and paired box 7 (Pax7) were among the most significantly downregulated genes. In conclusion, our results indicate that higher plasma TMAO levels induce differential mRNA expression profiles in the ischemic brain tissue in our pre-clinical stroke model, and the predicted pathways provide the molecular basis for regulating the TMAO-enhanced neuroinflammatory response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Geneva LaForce
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Deepthi P Mallela
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Prasenjit Prasad Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Buffa
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Microbial Sequencing & Analytics Resource (MSAAR) Facility, Shared Laboratory Resources (SLR), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kasia Rothenberg
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Weifei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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12
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Zhao RY, Wei PJ, Sun X, Zhang DH, He QY, Liu J, Chang JL, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Role of lipocalin 2 in stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106044. [PMID: 36804285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide; however, the treatment choices available to neurologists are limited in clinical practice. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted protein, belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, with multiple biological functions in mediating innate immune response, inflammatory response, iron-homeostasis, cell migration and differentiation, energy metabolism, and other processes in the body. LCN2 is expressed at low levels in the brain under normal physiological conditions, but its expression is significantly up-regulated in multiple acute stimulations and chronic pathologies. An up-regulation of LCN2 has been found in the blood/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and could serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of the severity of acute stroke. LCN2 activates reactive astrocytes and microglia, promotes neutrophil infiltration, amplifies post-stroke inflammation, promotes blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter injury, and neuronal death. Moreover, LCN2 is involved in brain injury induced by thrombin and erythrocyte lysates, as well as microvascular thrombosis after hemorrhage. In this paper, we review the role of LCN2 in the pathological processes of ischemic stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemorrhage; and stroke-related brain diseases, such as vascular dementia and post-stroke depression, and their underlying mechanisms. We hope that this review will help elucidate the value of LCN2 as a therapeutic target in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Dian-Hui Zhang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Qian-Yan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jun-Lei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
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13
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Kim JH, Kang RJ, Hyeon SJ, Ryu H, Joo H, Bu Y, Kim JH, Suk K. Lipocalin-2 Is a Key Regulator of Neuroinflammation in Secondary Traumatic and Ischemic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:803-821. [PMID: 36508119 PMCID: PMC10275845 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive glial cells are hallmarks of brain injury. However, whether these cells contribute to secondary inflammatory pathology and neurological deficits remains poorly understood. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has inflammatory and neurotoxic effects in various disease models; however, its pathogenic role in traumatic brain injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of LCN2 and its role in neuroinflammation following brain injury. LCN2 expression was high in the mouse brain after controlled cortical impact (CCI) and photothrombotic stroke (PTS) injury. Brain levels of LCN2 mRNA and protein were also significantly higher in patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) than in normal subjects. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that astrocytes were the major cellular source of LCN2 in the injured brain. Lcn2 deficiency or intracisternal injection of an LCN2 neutralizing antibody reduced CCI- and PTS-induced brain lesions, behavioral deficits, and neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, in cultured glial cells, recombinant LCN2 protein enhanced scratch injury-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and inhibited Gdnf gene expression, whereas Lcn2 deficiency exerted opposite effects. Together, our results from CTE patients, rodent brain injury models, and cultured glial cells suggest that LCN2 mediates secondary damage response to traumatic and ischemic brain injury by promoting neuroinflammation and suppressing the expression of neurotropic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ri Jin Kang
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hyejin Joo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang W, Chen S, Zhuang X. Research Progress on Lipocalin-2 in Diabetic Encephalopathy. Neuroscience 2023; 515:74-82. [PMID: 36805002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy is a central nervous complication of diabetes mellitus which is characterized by cognitive impairment and structural and neurochemical abnormalities, which is easily neglected. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a 25 kDa transporter in the lipocalin family that can transport small molecules, including fatty acids, iron, steroids, and lipopolysaccharides in the circulation. Recently, LCN2 has been found to be a significant regulator of insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Numerous studies have shown that LCN2 is connected to central nervous system abnormalities, including neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, while the latest researches have found that LCN2 is closely related to the development of diabetic encephalopathy. Nevertheless, its precise role in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy remains to be determined. In this paper, we review recent evidence on the role of LCN2 in diabetic encephalopathy from multiple perspectives in order to decipher the impact of LCN2 in both the aetiology and treatment of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shangdong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
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15
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Ferreira AC, Sousa N, Sousa JC, Marques F. Age-related changes in mice behavior and the contribution of lipocalin-2. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1179302. [PMID: 37168715 PMCID: PMC10164932 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes considerable changes in the nervous system, inducing progressive and long-lasting loss of physiological integrity and synaptic plasticity, leading to impaired brain functioning. These age-related changes quite often culminate in behavioral dysfunctions, such as impaired cognition, which can ultimately result in various forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Still, little is known regarding the effects of aging on behavior. Moreover, the identification of factors involved in regenerative plasticity, in both the young and aged brain, is scarce but crucial from a regenerative point of view and for our understanding on the mechanisms that control the process of normal aging. Recently, we have identified the iron-trafficking protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) as novel regulator of animal behavior and neuronal plasticity in the young adult brain. On the other hand, others have proposed LCN2 as a biological marker for disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Still, and even though LCN2 is well accepted as a regulator of neural processes in the healthy and diseased brain, its contribution in the process of normal aging is not known. Here, we performed a broad analysis on the effects of aging in mice behavior, from young adulthood to middle and late ages (2-, 12-, and 18-months of age), and in the absence of LCN2. Significant behavioral differences between aging groups were observed in all the dimensions analyzed and, in mice deficient in LCN2, aging mainly reduced anxiety, while sustained depressive-like behavior observed at younger ages. These behavioral changes imposed by age were further accompanied by a significant decrease in cell survival and neuronal differentiation at the hippocampus. Our results provide insights into the role of LCN2 in the neurobiological processes underlying brain function and behavior attributed to age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Fernanda Marques,
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16
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Regensburger M, Rasul Chaudhry S, Yasin H, Zhao Y, Stadlbauer A, Buchfelder M, Kinfe T. Emerging roles of leptin in Parkinson's disease: Chronic inflammation, neuroprotection and more? Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:53-61. [PMID: 36150585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of experimental evidence implicates a relationship between immunometabolic deterioration and the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) with a dysregulation of central and peripheral neuroinflammatory networks mediated by circulating adipokines, in particular leptin. We screened the current literature on the role of adipokines in PD. Hence, we searched known databases (PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID) and reviewed original and review articles using the following terms: "leptin/ObR", "Parkinson's disease", "immune-metabolism", "biomarkers" and "neuroinflammation". Focusing on leptin, we summarize and discuss the existing in vivo and in vitro evidence on how adipokines may be protective against neurodegeneration, but at the same time contribute to the progression of PD. These components of the adipose brain axis represent a hitherto underestimated pathway to study systemic influences on dopaminergic degeneration. In addition, we give a comprehensive update on the potential of adjunctive therapeutics in PD targeting leptin, leptin-receptors, and associated pathways. Further experimental and clinical trials are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action and the value of central and peripheral adipose-immune-metabolism molecular phenotyping in order to develop and validate the differential roles of different adipokines as potential therapeutic target for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shafqat Rasul Chaudhry
- Obaid Noor Institute of Medical Sciences (ONIMS), Mianwali, Pakistan; Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Yasin
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yining Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stadlbauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kinfe
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery and Stereotaxy, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Ng W, Ng SY. Remodeling of astrocyte secretome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: uncovering novel targets to combat astrocyte-mediated toxicity. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:54. [PMID: 36567359 PMCID: PMC9791755 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset paralytic disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Motor neuron degeneration is typically caused by a combination of intrinsic neuronal (cell autonomous) defects as well as extrinsic (non-cell autonomous) factors such as astrocyte-mediated toxicity. Astrocytes are highly plastic cells that react to their microenvironment to mediate relevant responses. In neurodegeneration, astrocytes often turn reactive and in turn secrete a slew of factors to exert pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic effects. Various efforts have been carried out to characterize the diseased astrocyte secretome over the years, revealing that pro-inflammatory chemokines, cytokines and microRNAs are the main players in mediating neuronal death. As metabolomic technologies mature, these studies begin to shed light on neurotoxic metabolites such as secreted lipids. In this focused review, we will discuss changes in the astrocyte secretome during ALS. In particular, we will discuss the components of the reactive astrocyte secretome that contribute to neuronal death in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winanto Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
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18
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Role of Zerumbone, a Phytochemical Sesquiterpenoid from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, in Maintaining Macrophage Polarization and Redox Homeostasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245402. [PMID: 36558562 PMCID: PMC9783216 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and microglia are highly versatile cells that can be polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes in response to diverse environmental stimuli, thus exhibiting different biological functions. In the central nervous system, activated resident macrophages and microglial cells trigger the production of proinflammatory mediators that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, modulating the activation of macrophages and microglia by optimizing the inflammatory environment is beneficial for disease management. Several naturally occurring compounds have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Zerumbone is a phytochemical sesquiterpenoid and also a cyclic ketone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith. In this study, we found that zerumbone effectively reduced the expression of lipocalin-2 in macrophages and microglial cell lines. Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), has been characterized as an adipokine/cytokine implicated in inflammation. Moreover, supplement with zerumbone inhibited reactive oxygen species production. Phagocytic activity was decreased following the zerumbone supplement. In addition, the zerumbone supplement remarkably reduced the production of M1-polarization-associated chemokines CXC10 and CCL-2, as well as M1-polarization-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 and the production of NO were attenuated in macrophages and microglial cells supplemented with zerumbone. Notably, we discovered that zerumbone effectively promoted the production of the endogenous antioxidants heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 and remarkably enhanced IL-10, a marker of M2 macrophage polarization. Endogenous antioxidant production and M2 macrophage polarization were increased through activation of the AMPK/Akt and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. In summary, this study demonstrated the protective role of zerumbone in maintaining M1 and M2 polarization homeostasis by decreasing inflammatory responses and enhancing the production of endogenous antioxidants in both macrophages and microglia cells. This study suggests that zerumbone can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for the supplement of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Yang G, Dong Q, Yang H, Wang F, Chen L, Tang J, Huang G, Zhao Y. Changes Observed in Potential Key Candidate Genes of Peripheral Immunity Induced by Tai Chi among Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101863. [PMID: 36292747 PMCID: PMC9601924 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction. Although the inhibition of inflammation by Tai Chi has been demonstrated to involve a peripheral cytokine response and may play an important role in improving the motor function of PD patients, the related specific molecular mechanisms of the peripheral immune response to Tai Chi are not fully understood. The microarray dataset ‘GSE124676’ for the peripheral immune response to Tai Chi of PD patients was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of 136 DEGs were found in the PD patients after Tai Chi, suggesting an effect of Tai Chi on the peripheral immunity of PD patients. The DEGs are mainly involved in neutrophil activation, T-cell activation, and NOD-like receptor and IL-17 signaling pathways. Furthermore, six key candidate genes (FOS, FOSB, JUNB, ZFP36, CAMP and LCN2) that are involved in peripheral inflammation and the inhibition of inflammation induced by Tai Chi were observed. The results in the present study could be conducive to comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism involved in the effect of Tai Chi on peripheral inflammation in PD patients and providing novel targets for future advanced research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200042, China
| | - Qun Dong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huixin Yang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Linwei Chen
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Junze Tang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Guoyuan Huang
- Pott College of Science, Engineering and Education, University of Southern Indiana, Indiana, IN 47712, USA
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200042, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
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20
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Xing N, Dong Z, Wu Q, Kan P, Han Y, Cheng X, Zhang B. Identification and validation of key molecules associated with humoral immune modulation in Parkinson’s disease based on bioinformatics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948615. [PMID: 36189230 PMCID: PMC9520667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and immune-mediated mechanism is considered to be crucial to pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of humoral immune regulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of PD. Methods Firstly, we performed a series of bioinformatic analyses utilizing the expression profile of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) obtained from the GEO database (GSE100054, GSE49126, and GSE22491) to identify differentially expressed genes related to humoral immune regulatory mechanisms between PD and healthy controls. Subsequently, we verified the results using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in clinical blood specimen. Lastly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic effects of verified molecules. Results We obtained 13 genes that were mainly associated with immune-related biological processes in PD using bioinformatic analysis. Then, we selected PPBP, PROS1, and LCN2 for further exploration. Fascinatingly, our experimental results don’t always coincide with the expression profile. PROS1 and LCN2 plasma levels were significantly higher in PD patients compared to controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001). However, the PPBP plasma level and expression in the PBMC of PD patients was significantly decreased compared to controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). We found that PPBP, PROS1, and LCN2 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.663 (95%CI: 0.551–0.776), 0.674 (95%CI: 0.569–0.780), and 0.885 (95%CI: 0.814–0.955). Furthermore, in the biological process analysis of gene ontology (GO), the three molecules were all involved in humoral immune response (GO:0006959). Conclusions In general, PPBP, PROS1, and LCN2 were identified and validated to be related to PD and PPBP, LCN2 may potentially be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PD. Our findings also provide some new insights on the humoral immune modulation mechanisms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziye Dong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengcheng Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuli Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Zhang,
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21
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Carvalho K, Schartz ND, Balderrama-Gutierrez G, Liang HY, Chu SH, Selvan P, Gomez-Arboledas A, Petrisko TJ, Fonseca MI, Mortazavi A, Tenner AJ. Modulation of C5a-C5aR1 signaling alters the dynamics of AD progression. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:178. [PMID: 35820938 PMCID: PMC9277945 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system is part of the innate immune system that clears pathogens and cellular debris. In the healthy brain, complement influences neurodevelopment and neurogenesis, synaptic pruning, clearance of neuronal blebs, recruitment of phagocytes, and protects from pathogens. However, excessive downstream complement activation that leads to generation of C5a, and C5a engagement with its receptor C5aR1, instigates a feed-forward loop of inflammation, injury, and neuronal death, making C5aR1 a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory disorders. C5aR1 ablation in the Arctic (Arc) model of Alzheimer's disease protects against cognitive decline and neuronal injury without altering amyloid plaque accumulation. METHODS To elucidate the effects of C5a-C5aR1 signaling on AD pathology, we crossed Arc mice with a C5a-overexpressing mouse (ArcC5a+) and tested hippocampal memory. RNA-seq was performed on hippocampus and cortex from Arc, ArcC5aR1KO, and ArcC5a+ mice at 2.7-10 months and age-matched controls to assess mechanisms involved in each system. Immunohistochemistry was used to probe for protein markers of microglia and astrocytes activation states. RESULTS ArcC5a+ mice had accelerated cognitive decline compared to Arc. Deletion of C5ar1 delayed or prevented the expression of some, but not all, AD-associated genes in the hippocampus and a subset of pan-reactive and A1 reactive astrocyte genes, indicating a separation between genes induced by amyloid plaques alone and those influenced by C5a-C5aR1 signaling. Biological processes associated with AD and AD mouse models, including inflammatory signaling, microglial cell activation, and astrocyte migration, were delayed in the ArcC5aR1KO hippocampus. Interestingly, C5a overexpression also delayed the increase of some AD-, complement-, and astrocyte-associated genes, suggesting the possible involvement of neuroprotective C5aR2. However, these pathways were enhanced in older ArcC5a+ mice compared to Arc. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that C5a-C5aR1 modulation in Arc mice delayed the increase in CD11c-positive microglia, while not affecting other pan-reactive microglial or astrocyte markers. CONCLUSION C5a-C5aR1 signaling in AD largely exerts its effects by enhancing microglial activation pathways that accelerate disease progression. While C5a may have neuroprotective effects via C5aR2, engagement of C5a with C5aR1 is detrimental in AD models. These data support specific pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klebea Carvalho
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Nicole D. Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 USA
| | | | - Heidi Y. Liang
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Shu-Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 USA
| | - Purnika Selvan
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 USA
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 USA
| | - Tiffany J. Petrisko
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 USA
| | - Maria I. Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900 USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA USA
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22
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Yaghoobpoor S, Qadirifard MS, Kosari M, Naghsh N, Asgari taei A, Klegeris A, Dehghani M, Bahrami A, Taheri H, Mohamadkhani A, Hajibeygi R, Rezaei Tavirani M, Sayehmiri F. Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:855776. [PMID: 35912090 PMCID: PMC9327618 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.855776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by neuroinflammation, formation of Lewy bodies, and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. In this review, we summarize evidence obtained by animal studies demonstrating neuroinflammation as one of the central pathogenetic mechanisms of PD. We also focus on the protein factors that initiate the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Our targeted literature search identified 40 pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro studies written in English. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway is demonstrated as a common mechanism engaged by neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), as well as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The α-synuclein protein, which plays a prominent role in PD neuropathology, may also contribute to neuroinflammation by activating mast cells. Meanwhile, 6-OHDA models of PD identify microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) as one of the contributors to neuroinflammatory processes in this model. Immune responses are used by the central nervous system to fight and remove pathogens; however, hyperactivated and prolonged immune responses can lead to a harmful neuroinflammatory state, which is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Qadirifard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kosari
- The First Clinical College, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Dehghani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bahrami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Taheri
- Dental School, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
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23
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Yusufujiang A, Zeng S, Yang C, Jing S, Yang L, Li H. PCBP-1 Regulates the Transcription and Alternative Splicing of Inflammation and Ubiquitination-Related Genes in PC12 Cell. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:884837. [PMID: 35795237 PMCID: PMC9251440 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.884837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PCBP-1, a multifunctional RNA binding protein, is expressed in various human cell/tissue types and involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. PCBP-1 has important roles in cellular Iron homeostasis, mitochondrial stability, and other cellular activities involved in the pathophysiological process of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD). However, it remains enigmatic whether PCPB-1 is associated with the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we cloned and constitutively overexpressed PCBP-1 in rat PC12 cells (PC12 cell is the common cell line studying neurodegenerative disease include PD). RNA-seq was performed to analyze PCBP-1-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternative splicing events (ASEs) between control and PCBP1-overexpressed cells. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to identify functional DEGs and alternatively spliced genes. Consequently, we validated PCBP-1-regulated genes using RT-qPCR. Finally, we downloaded CLIP-seq data from GEO (GSE84700) to analyze the mechanisms of PCBP-1’s regulation of gene expression and ASEs by revealing the binding profile of PCBP-1 on its target pre-mRNAs. Overexpression of PCBP-1 partially regulated the ASE and expression of genes enriched in neuroinflammation and protein ubiquitination, which were also associated with PD pathogenesis. Moreover, RT-qPCR assay verified the PCBP-1-modulated expression of neuroinflammatory genes, like LCN-2, and alternative splicing (AS) of ubiquitination-related gene WWP-2. Finally, CLIP-seq data analysis indicated that the first UC motif was the critical site for PCBP-1 binding to its targets. In this study, we provided evidence that PCBP-1 could regulate the expression of LCN-2 gene expression associated with neuroinflammation and AS of WWP-2 in relation to protein ubiquitination. These findings thus provided novel insights into the potential application of PCBP-1 as the disease pathophysiological or therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishanjiang Yusufujiang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Stroke and Neurological Rare Disease, Ürümqi, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Stroke and Neurological Rare Disease, Ürümqi, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Stroke and Neurological Rare Disease, Ürümqi, China
| | - Sha Jing
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Stroke and Neurological Rare Disease, Ürümqi, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Stroke and Neurological Rare Disease, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Stroke and Neurological Rare Disease, Ürümqi, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Li,
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24
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Liu R, Wang J, Chen Y, Collier JM, Capuk O, Jin S, Sun M, Mondal SK, Whiteside TL, Stolz DB, Yang Y, Begum G. NOX activation in reactive astrocytes regulates astrocytic LCN2 expression and neurodegeneration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:371. [PMID: 35440572 PMCID: PMC9018876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes (RA) secrete lipocalin-2 (LCN2) glycoprotein that regulates diverse cellular processes including cell death/survival, inflammation, iron delivery and cell differentiation. Elevated levels of LCN2 are considered as a biomarker of brain injury, however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of its expression and release are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of astrocytic Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) in regulating reactive astrocyte LCN2 secretion and neurodegeneration after stroke. Astrocyte specific deletion of Nhe1 in Gfap-CreER+/-;Nhe1f/f mice reduced astrogliosis and astrocytic LCN2 and GFAP expression, which was associated with reduced loss of NeuN+ and GRP78+ neurons in stroke brains. In vitro ischemia in astrocyte cultures triggered a significant increase of secreted LCN2 in astrocytic exosomes, which caused neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration. Inhibition of NHE1 activity during in vitro ischemia with its potent inhibitor HOE642 significantly reduced astrocytic LCN2+ exosome secretion. In elucidating the cellular mechanisms, we found that stroke triggered activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-NF-κB signaling and ROS-mediated LCN2 expression. Inhibition of astrocytic NHE1 activity attenuated NOX signaling and LCN2-mediated neuronal apoptosis and neurite degeneration. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that RA use NOX signaling to stimulate LCN2 expression and secretion. Blocking astrocytic NHE1 activity is beneficial to reduce LCN2-mediated neurotoxicity after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenelle M Collier
- Department of Neurology, the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Okan Capuk
- Department of Neurology, the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shijie Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sujan K Mondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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25
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Luo C, Zhou S, Yin S, Jian L, Luo P, Dong J, Liu E. Lipocalin-2 and Cerebral Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:850849. [PMID: 35493318 PMCID: PMC9039332 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.850849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common and devastating disease with an escalating prevalence worldwide. The known secondary injuries after stroke include cell death, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, iron dysregulation, and neurovascular unit dysfunction. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is a neutrophil gelatinase-associated protein that influences diverse cellular processes during a stroke. The role of LCN-2 has been widely recognized in the peripheral system; however, recent findings have revealed that there are links between LCN-2 and secondary injury and diseases in the central nervous system. Novel roles of LCN-2 in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells have also been demonstrated. Here, we review the evidence on the regulatory roles of LCN-2 in secondary injuries following a stroke from various perspectives and the pathological mechanisms involved in the modulation of stroke. Overall, our review suggests that LCN-2 is a promising target to promote a better understanding of the neuropathology of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lipeng Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Pengren Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jigeng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Erheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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26
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Kalinin S, Boullerne AI, Feinstein DL. Serum levels of lipocalin-2 are elevated at early times in African American relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 364:577810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Mann CN, Devi SS, Kersting CT, Bleem AV, Karch CM, Holtzman DM, Gallardo G. Astrocytic α2-Na +/K + ATPase inhibition suppresses astrocyte reactivity and reduces neurodegeneration in a tauopathy mouse model. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm4107. [PMID: 35171651 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most dominant form of dementia characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs). In addition to these pathologies, an emerging pathophysiological mechanism that influences AD is neuroinflammation. Astrocytes are a vital type of glial cell that contribute to neuroinflammation, and reactive astrocytes, or astrogliosis, are a well-known pathological feature of AD. However, the mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to the neurodegenerative process in AD have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that astrocytic α2-Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase (α2-NKA) is elevated in postmortem human brain tissue from AD and progressive nuclear palsy, a primary tauopathy. The increased astrocytic α2-NKA was also recapitulated in a mouse model of tauopathy. Pharmacological inhibition of α2-NKA robustly suppressed neuroinflammation and reduced brain atrophy. In addition, α2-NKA knockdown in tauopathy mice halted the accumulation of tau pathology. We also demonstrated that α2-NKA promoted tauopathy, in part, by regulating the proinflammatory protein lipocalin-2 (Lcn2). Overexpression of Lcn2 in tauopathy mice increased tau pathology, and prolonged Lcn2 exposure to primary neurons promoted tau uptake in vitro. These studies collectively highlight the contribution of reactive astrocytes to tau pathogenesis in mice and define α2-NKA as a major regulator of astrocytic-dependent neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn N Mann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shamulailatpam Shreedarshanee Devi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Corey T Kersting
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amber V Bleem
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gilbert Gallardo
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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28
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Cui J, Yuan Y, Wang J, Song N, Xie J. Desferrioxamine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lipocalin-2 Upregulation via Autophagy Activation in Primary Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2052-2067. [PMID: 35040039 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an important regulator of both neuroinflammation and iron homeostasis. Upregulated LCN2 was observed in reactive astrocytes in the Parkinson's disease (PD) models. In the present study, we reported iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) abolished lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced LCN2 upregulation in primary astrocytes, although iron overload had no effects. The suppressive effects of DFO were consistent with autophagy inducer rapamycin or carfilzomib, blocked by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine rather than chloroquine or bafilomycin A1, meanwhile, while were not dependent on proteasome system and NF-κB pathway. DFO was not able to ameliorate LCN2 upregulation in α-synuclein-treated astrocytes, because DFO failed to induce autophagy in these cells. We further demonstrated that DFO could not enhance autophagy lysosomal degradation, however promoted secretory autophagy in primary astrocytes with LPS insults. These data suggest that DFO could serve as an autophagy activator, capable of ameliorating the upregulation of LCN2 in astrocytes by acting on the formation of autophagosomes and secretory autophagy. This provides better understandings of DFO-mediated neuroprotection against neuroinflammation and provides new insights that autophagy activation could be beneficial approaches in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Cui
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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29
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Alhassen S, Senel M, Alachkar A. Surface Plasmon Resonance Identifies High-Affinity Binding of l-DOPA to Siderocalin/Lipocalin-2 through Iron-Siderophore Action: Implications for Parkinson's Disease Treatment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:158-165. [PMID: 34939797 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), the dopamine precursor, remains the frontline treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). With the treatment progress, l-DOPA efficacy decreases, necessitating higher and more frequent doses, with higher risks of dyskinesia. l-DOPA chelates iron through its catechol group, forming the l-DOPA:Fe complex; however, the fate of this complex is unknown. Catechol siderophore-like compounds are known to bind siderocalin (Scn)/lipocalin-2 to form stable siderophore:Fe:Scn complexes. Scn is upregulated in PD patients' substantia nigra and may play a role in PD pathophysiology. Therefore, in this study, we used the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique to examine the binding properties of l-DOPA to Scn. We found that l-DOPA formed a stable complex with Scn in the presence of Fe3+. Our analysis of the binding properties of l-DOPA precursors and metabolites indicates that the catechol group is necessary but not sufficient to form a stable complex with Scn. Finally, the affinity constant (Kd) of DOPA:Fe3+ binding with Scn (0.8 μM) was lower than l-DOPA plasma peak concentrations in l-DOPA preparations in the past six decades. Our results speculate a significant role for the l-DOPA-Scn complex in the decreased bioavailability of l-DOPA with the progress of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mehmet Senel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- UC Irvine Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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30
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Jeong EA, Lee J, Shin HJ, Lee JY, Kim KE, An HS, Kim DR, Choi KY, Lee KH, Roh GS. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein promotes diabetic neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via upregulation of lipocalin-2. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:278. [PMID: 34844610 PMCID: PMC8628424 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic individuals have increased circulating inflammatory mediators which are implicated as underlying causes of neuroinflammation and memory deficits. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) promotes diabetic neuroinflammation. However, the precise role of TonEBP in the diabetic brain is not fully understood. Methods We employed a high-fat diet (HFD)-only fed mice or HFD/streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice in our diabetic mouse models. Circulating TonEBP and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) levels were measured in type 2 diabetic subjects. TonEBP haploinsufficient mice were used to investigate the role of TonEBP in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages were given a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/high glucose (HG) treatment. Using a siRNA, we examined the effects of TonEBP knockdown on RAW264 cell’ medium/HG-treated mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Results Circulating TonEBP and LCN2 levels were higher in experimental diabetic mice or type 2 diabetic patients with cognitive impairment. TonEBP haploinsufficiency ameliorated the diabetic phenotypes including adipose tissue macrophage infiltrations, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier leakage, and memory deficits. Systemic and hippocampal LCN2 proteins were reduced in diabetic mice by TonEBP haploinsufficiency. TonEBP (+ / −) mice had a reduction of hippocampal heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression compared to diabetic wild-type mice. In particular, we found that TonEBP bound to the LCN2 promoter in the diabetic hippocampus, and this binding was abolished by TonEBP haploinsufficiency. Furthermore, TonEBP knockdown attenuated LCN2 expression in lipopolysaccharide/high glucose-treated mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Conclusions These findings indicate that TonEBP may promote neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via upregulation of LCN2 in diabetic mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02331-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea. .,Aging Neuroscience Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Zhao Y, Suo Y, Yang Z, Hao Y, Li W, Su Y, Shi Y, Gao Y, Song L, Yin X, Shi H. Inspiration for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: New insight from the bone-brain-axis. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:263-272. [PMID: 34678443 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the main supporting structure of the body and the main organ involved in body movement and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Recent studies have shown that bone is also a potential new endocrine organ that participates in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of the cardiovascular, digestive, and endocrine systems through various bioactive cytokines secreted by bone cells and bone marrow. Bone-derived active cytokines can also directly act on the central nervous system and regulate brain function and individual behavior. The bidirectional regulation of the bone-brain axis has gradually attracted attention in the field of neuroscience. This paper reviews the regulatory effects of bone-derived active cytokines and bone-derived cells on individual brain function and brain diseases, as well as the occurrence and development of related neuropsychiatric diseases. The central regulatory mechanism function is briefly introduced, which will broaden the scope for mechanistic research and help establish prevention and treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases based on the bone-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yining Suo
- Child Health Department, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhenbang Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Wenshuya Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yujiao Su
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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32
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Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, Gouweleeuw L, Schoemaker RG, De Deyn PP, Naudé PJW. Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101414. [PMID: 34325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof. Lcn2 expression is increased in the periphery and the brain in different age-related CNS diseases and also their risk factor conditions. Experimental studies indicate that Lcn2 contributes to various neuropathophysiological processes of age-related CNS diseases, including exacerbated neuroinflammation, cell death and iron dysregulation, which may negatively impact cognitive function. We hypothesize that increased Lcn2 levels as a result of age-related risk factor conditions may sensitize the brain and increase the risk to develop age-related CNS diseases. In this review we first provide a comprehensive overview of the known functions of Lcn2, and its effects in the CNS. Subsequently, this review explores Lcn2 as a potential (neuro)inflammatory link between different risk factor conditions and the development of age-related CNS disorders. Altogether, evidence convincingly indicates Lcn2 as a key constituent in ageing and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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33
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Xiong M, Qian Q, Liang X, Wei YD. Serum levels of lipocalin-2 in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1755-1759. [PMID: 34455500 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Evidence has shown that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is involved in the pathological process of PD. We aimed to explore whether serum levels of LCN2 could be a biomarker of PD. METHODS We recruited consecutive PD patients and healthy controls (HC) in our hospital from June 2020 to July 2020. Serum LCN2 levels were detected using the LCN2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III) and the Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale (H&Y) were assessed on admission to evaluate disease severity in patients with PD. Cognitive status was measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS We finally recruited 75 patients, including 40 PD patients and 35 HC. Serum LCN2 levels were not significantly increased in PD patients compared with HC (4.9 [- 0.7 to 18.6] vs 1.9 [- 1.5 to 16.9] ng/mL, P = 0.33). Besides, there was no significant difference in LCN2 levels between patients at early and advanced stage of PD (P = 0.75), as well as between cognitively impaired PD patients, PD patients with normal cognition, and HC (P = 0.30). Moreover, LCN2 had no correlation with disease duration (r = - 0.1, P = 0.37), UPDRS III score (r = 0.07, P = 0.65), and MoCA score (r = 0.221, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study suggests that serum LCN2 levels may not be a biomarker for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - You-Dong Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.
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34
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Li Y, Li L, Melchiorsen JU, Rosenkilde M, Hölscher C. The Novel Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist DA-CH5 Is Superior to Single GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:523-542. [PMID: 31958096 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. In a clinical trial, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin-4 has shown good protective effects in PD patients. The hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has also shown protective effects in animal models of PD. OBJECTIVE We tested DA-CH5, a novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist. METHODS DA-CH5 activity was tested on cells expressing GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP or glucagon receptors. The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of DA-CH5, exendin-4, liraglutide or other dual receptor agonists was tested with fluorescein-labelled peptides. DA-CH5, exendin-4 and liraglutide were tested in the MPTP mouse model of PD. RESULTS Analysing the receptor activating properties showed a balanced activation of GLP-1 and GIP receptors while not activating GLP-2 or glucagon receptors. DA-CH5 crossed the BBB better than other single or other dual receptor agonists. In a dose-response comparison, DA-CH5 was more effective than the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4. When comparing the neuroprotective effect of DA-CH5 with Liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, both DA-CH5 and Liraglutide improved MPTP-induced motor impairments. In addition, the drugs reversed the decrease of the number of neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the SN, alleviated chronic inflammation, reduced lipid peroxidation, inhibited the apoptosis pathway (TUNEL assay) and increased autophagy -related proteins expression in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. Importantly, we found DA-CH5 was superior to Liraglutide in reducing microglia and astrocyte activation, improving mitochondrial activity by reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and normalising autophagy as found in abnormal expression of LC3 and p62. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the DA-CH5 is superior to liraglutide and could be a therapeutic treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shaoyang Medical College, Shaoyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | | | - Mette Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Second Hospital Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
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35
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Weng YC, Huang YT, Chiang IC, Tsai PJ, Su YW, Chou WH. Lipocalin-2 mediates the rejection of neural transplants. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21317. [PMID: 33421207 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has been implicated in promoting apoptosis and neuroinflammation in neurological disorders; however, its role in neural transplantation remains unknown. In this study, we cultured and differentiated Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells into human dopaminergic-like neurons and found that LCN2 mRNA was progressively induced in mouse brain after the intrastriatal transplantation of human dopaminergic-like neurons. The induction of LCN2 protein was detected in a subset of astrocytes and neutrophils infiltrating the core of the engrafted sites, but not in neurons and microglia. LCN2-immunoreactive astrocytes within the engrafted sites expressed lower levels of A1 and A2 astrocytic markers. Recruitment of microglia, neutrophils, and monocytes after transplantation was attenuated in LCN2 deficiency mice. The expression of M2 microglial markers was significantly elevated and survival of engrafted neurons was markedly improved after transplantation in LCN2 deficiency mice. Brain type organic cation transporter (BOCT), the cell surface receptor for LCN2, was induced in dopaminergic-like neurons after differentiation, and treatment with recombinant LCN2 protein directly induced apoptosis in dopaminergic-like neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Our results, therefore, suggested that LCN2 is a neurotoxic factor for the engrafted neurons and a modulator of neuroinflammation. LCN2 inhibition may be useful in reducing rejection after neural transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chinn Weng
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chiang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Tsai
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hai Chou
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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36
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Sung CY, Chiang PK, Tsai CW, Yang FY. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhances Neurotrophic Factors and Alleviates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:176-185. [PMID: 34196669 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has also been reported to improve behavioral functions in Parkinson's disease (PD) animal models; however, the effect of LIPUS stimulation on the neurotrophic factors and neuroinflammation has not yet been addressed. PD rat model was built by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in 2 sites in the right striatum. The levels of neurotrophic factors and lipocalin-2 (LCN2)-induced neuroinflammation were quantified using a western blot. Rotational test and cylinder test were conducted biweekly for 8 weeks. When the 6-OHDA + LIPUS and 6-OHDA groups were compared, the locomotor function of the 6-OHDA + LIPUS rats was significantly improved. After LIPUS stimulation, the tyrosine hydroxylase staining density was significantly increased in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of lesioned rats. Unilateral LIPUS stimulation did not increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the striatum and SNpc of lesioned rats. In contrast, unilateral LIPUS stimulation increased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein 1.98-fold unilaterally in the SNpc. Additionally, LCN2-induced neuroinflammation can be attenuated following LIPUS stimulation. Our data indicated that LIPUS stimulation may be a potential therapeutic tool against PD via enhancement of GDNF level and inhibition of inflammatory responses in the SNpc of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Sung
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Kai Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wen Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Chen H, Shang D, Wen Y, Liang C. Bone-Derived Modulators That Regulate Brain Function: Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683457. [PMID: 34179014 PMCID: PMC8222721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has traditionally been regarded as a structural organ that supports and protects the various organs of the body. Recent studies suggest that bone also acts as an endocrine organ to regulate whole-body metabolism. Particularly, homeostasis of the bone is shown to be necessary for brain development and function. Abnormal bone metabolism is associated with the onset and progression of neurological disorders. Recently, multiple bone-derived modulators have been shown to participate in brain function and neurological disorders, including osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and osteopontin, as have bone marrow-derived cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and microglia-like cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the roles of these bone-derived modulators in the brain, and also follows their involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The content of this review may aide in the development of promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders via targeting bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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38
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Huang Y, Wang P, Morales R, Luo Q, Ma J. Map2k5-Deficient Mice Manifest Phenotypes and Pathological Changes of Dopamine Deficiency in the Central Nervous System. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:651638. [PMID: 34168549 PMCID: PMC8217467 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.651638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP2K5, a member of the MAPK family, is associated with central nervous system disorders. However, neural functional of Map2k5 from animal models were not well examined so far. Here, we established a Map2k5-targeted knockout mouse model to investigate the behavior phenotypes and its underlying molecular mechanism. Our results showed that female Map2k5 mutant mice manifested decreased circadian-dependent ambulatory locomotion, coordination, and fatigue. Male Map2k5 mutant mice displayed impairment in open field exploration and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (ASR) when compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, Map2k5 mutant mice showed a decreased dopaminergic cell survival and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in nigrostriatal pathway, indicating a crucial role of MAP2K5 in regulating dopamine system in the central nervous system. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating that Map2k5 mutant mice displayed phenotypes by disturbing the dopamine system in the central nervous system, implicating Map2k5 mutant mouse as a promising model for many dopamine related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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39
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Yoneshige A, Hagiyama M, Takashima Y, Ueno S, Inoue T, Kimura R, Koriyama Y, Ito A. Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure Causes Retinal Degeneration Through Upregulating Lipocalin-2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664327. [PMID: 34136483 PMCID: PMC8201777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma development, which causes the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is upregulated in glaucomatous retinae; however, whether Lcn2 is directly involved in glaucoma is debated. In this study, retinal explant cultures were subjected to increased water pressure using a two-chamber culture device, and Lcn2 protein levels were examined by immunoblotting. In situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical assays were performed to assess apoptosis and gliosis, respectively. The neurotoxicity of Lcn2 in the retinal explant culture was determined with exogenous administration of recombinant Lcn2. The Lcn2 protein levels, percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, and GFAP-positive area were significantly higher in retinae cultured under 50 cm H2O pressure loads compared to those cultured under 20 cm H2O. We found that Lcn2 exhibited neurotoxicity in retinae at dose of 1 μg/ml. The negative effects of increased hydrostatic pressure were attenuated by the iron chelator deferoxamine. This is the first report demonstrating the direct upregulation of Lcn2 by elevating hydrostatic pressure. Modulating Lcn2 and iron levels may be a promising therapeutic approach for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Takashima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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40
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Raposo-Lima C, Pereira IM, Marques F, Morgado P. Elevated levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin among OCD patients: an exploratory study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:272. [PMID: 34039300 PMCID: PMC8152153 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disease that is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity and complex pathophysiology. This complexity comes from the diversity of pathophysiological factors that have been proposed to be involved in the natural history of the disorder. Many theories on OCD pathology support inflammation as a pathophysiological factor, although studies are not consistent on the presence of a pro-inflammatory state among OCD patients. However, some pre-clinical animal studies suggest lipocalin-2 (LCN2), an analogous form of the acute-phase pro-inflammatory protein neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), may be involved in in the regulation of the stress response, which is thought to be disrupted in OCD. METHODS Twenty-one OCD patients and 19 healthy subjects participated in this exploratory study. Levels of NGAL were assessed in the peripherous blood of all participants. Severity of disease was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). RESULTS OCD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of NGAL when compared to healthy control subjects. No correlation was found between elevated levels of NGAL and severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report elevated levels of NGAL among OCD patients, adding evidence for a possible role of immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Raposo-Lima
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães Portugal
| | - Inês Miguel Pereira
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal. .,Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA), Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
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41
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Lim D, Jeong JH, Song J. Lipocalin 2 regulates iron homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and insulin resistance in the brains of patients with dementia: Evidence from the current literature. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:883-894. [PMID: 33945675 PMCID: PMC8265939 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia accompanied by memory loss is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is gradually increasing. Known risk factors for dementia include genetic background, certain lifestyle and dietary patterns, smoking, iron overload, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain. Here, we review recent evidence on the regulatory role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in dementia from various perspectives. LCN2 is a neutrophil gelatinase-associated protein that influences diverse cellular processes, including the immune system, iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Although its functions within the peripheral system are most widely recognized, recent findings have revealed links between LCN2 and central nervous system diseases, as well as novel roles for LCN2 in neurons and glia. Furthermore, LCN2 may modulate diverse pathological mechanisms involved in dementia. Taken together, LCN2 is a promising therapeutic target with which to address the neuropathology of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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42
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Rabaneda-Lombarte N, Serratosa J, Bové J, Vila M, Saura J, Solà C. The CD200R1 microglial inhibitory receptor as a therapeutic target in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:88. [PMID: 33823877 PMCID: PMC8025338 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is suggested that neuroinflammation, in which activated microglial cells play a relevant role, contributes to the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, the modulation of microglial activation is a potential therapeutic target to be taken into account to act against the dopaminergic neurodegeneration occurring in this neurological disorder. Several soluble and membrane-associated inhibitory mechanisms contribute to maintaining microglial cells in a quiescent/surveillant phenotype in physiological conditions. However, the presence of activated microglial cells in the brain in PD patients suggests that these mechanisms have been somehow overloaded. We focused our interest on one of the membrane-associated mechanisms, the CD200-CD200R1 ligand-receptor pair. Methods The acute MPTP experimental mouse model of PD was used to study the temporal pattern of mRNA expression of CD200 and CD200R1 in the context of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Dopaminergic damage was assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, and neuroinflammation was evaluated by the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers and IBA1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry. The effect of the modulation of the CD200-CD200R1 system on MPTP-induced damage was determined by using a CD200R1 agonist or CD200 KO mice. Results MPTP administration resulted in a progressive decrease in TH-positive fibres in the striatum and TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which were accompanied by transient astrogliosis, microgliosis and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. CD200 mRNA levels rapidly decreased in the ventral midbrain after MPTP treatment, while a transient decrease of CD200R1 mRNA expression was repeatedly observed in this brain area at earlier and later phases. By contrast, a transient increase in CD200R1 expression was observed in striatum. The administration of a CD200R1 agonist resulted in the inhibition of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration, while microglial cells showed signs of earlier activation in CD200-deficient mice. Conclusions Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a correlation between CD200-CD200R1 alterations, glial activation and neuronal loss. CD200R1 stimulation reduces MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons, and CD200 deficiency results in earlier microglial activation, suggesting that the potentiation of CD200R1 signalling is a possible approach to controlling neuroinflammation and neuronal death in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Rabaneda-Lombarte
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Serratosa
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bové
- Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute-CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Vall d'Hebrón Research Institute-CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Kim M, Jeon SJ, Custodio RJ, Lee HJ, Sayson LV, Ortiz DMD, Cheong JH, Kim HJ. Gene Expression Profiling in the Striatum of Per2 KO Mice Exhibiting More Vulnerable Responses against Methamphetamine. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:135-143. [PMID: 33342769 PMCID: PMC7921858 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction influences most communities directly or indirectly. Increasing studies have reported the relationship between circadian-related genes and drug addiction. Per2 disrupted mice exhibited more vulnerable behavioral responses against some drugs including methamphetamine (METH). However, its roles and mechanisms are still not clear. Transcriptional profiling analysis in Per2 knockout (KO) mice may provide a valuable tool to identify potential genetic involvement and pathways in enhanced behavioral responses against drugs. To explore the potential genetic involvement, we examined common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the striatum of drug naïve Per2 KO/wild-type (WT) mice, and before/after METH treatment in Per2 KO mice, but not in WT mice. We selected 9 common DEGs (Ncald, Cpa6, Pklr, Ttc29, Cbr2, Egr2, Prg4, Lcn2, and Camsap2) based on literature research. Among the common DEGs, Ncald, Cpa6, Pklr, and Ttc29 showed higher expression levels in drug naïve Per2 KO mice than in WT mice, while they were downregulated in Per2 KO mice after METH treatment. In contrast, Cbr2, Egr2, Prg4, Lcn2, and Camsap2 exhibited lower expression levels in drug naïve Per2 KO mice than in WT mice, while they were upregulated after METH treatment in Per2 KO mice. qRT-PCR analyses validated the expression patterns of 9 target genes before/after METH treatment in Per2 KO and WT mice. Although further research is required to deeply understand the relationship and roles of the 9 target genes in drug addiction, the findings from the present study indicate that the target genes might play important roles in drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Custodio
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro Val Sayson
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae D Ortiz
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Reduces Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation and Results in Attenuation of Kainic Acid-Induced Hippocampal Cell Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010100. [PMID: 33445746 PMCID: PMC7828212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal cell death that follows kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures is associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage and oxidative stress. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an iron-trafficking protein which contributes to both oxidative stress and inflammation. However, LCN2′s role in KA-induced hippocampal cell death is not clear. Here, we examine the effect of blocking LCN2 genetically on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in KA-induced neuronal death. LCN2 deficiency reduced neuronal cell death and BBB leakage in the KA-treated hippocampus. In addition to LCN2 upregulation in the KA-treated hippocampus, circulating LCN2 levels were significantly increased in KA-treated wild-type (WT) mice. In LCN2 knockout mice, we found that the expressions of neutrophil markers myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase were decreased compared to their expressions in WT mice following KA treatment. Furthermore, LCN2 deficiency also attenuated KA-induced iron overload and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that LCN2 may play an important role in iron-related oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in KA-induced hippocampal cell death.
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Yu Z, Ling Z, Lu L, Zhao J, Chen X, Xu P, Zou X. Regulatory Roles of Bone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:610581. [PMID: 33408628 PMCID: PMC7779400 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.610581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases are two kinds of common disorders of the elderly, which often co-occur. Previous studies have shown the skeletal and central nervous systems are closely related to pathophysiology. As the main structural scaffold of the body, the bone is also a reservoir for stem cells, a primary lymphoid organ, and an important endocrine organ. It can interact with the brain through various bone-derived cells, mostly the mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The bone marrow is also a place for generating immune cells, which could greatly influence brain functions. Finally, the proteins secreted by bones (osteokines) also play important roles in the growth and function of the brain. This article reviews the latest research studying the impact of bone-derived cells, bone-controlled immune system, and bone-secreted proteins on the brain, and evaluates how these factors are implicated in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengran Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Jin Z, Kim KE, Shin HJ, Jeong EA, Park KA, Lee JY, An HS, Choi EB, Jeong JH, Kwak W, Roh GS. Hippocampal Lipocalin 2 Is Associated With Neuroinflammation and Iron-Related Oxidative Stress in ob/ob Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:530-541. [PMID: 32296847 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes brain injuries with inflammatory and structural changes, leading to neurodegeneration. Although increased circulating lipocalin 2 (LCN2) level has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, the precise mechanism of neurodegeneration in obesity is not clear. Here, we investigated whether LCN2-mediated signaling promotes neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, which are characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and neuroinflammation. In particular, there was significant upregulation of both LCN2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels from serum and hippocampus in ob/ob mice. Using RNA-seq analysis, we found that neurodegeneration- sortilin-related receptor 1 (Sorl1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) genes were significantly reduced in the hippocampus of ob/ob mice. We additionally found that the endosome-related WD repeat and FYVE-domain-containing 1 (Wdfy1) gene were upregulated in ob/ob mice. In particular, iron overload-related mitochondrial ferritin and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins were increased in the hippocampus of ob/ob. Thus, these findings indicate that iron-binding protein LCN2-mediated oxidative stress promotes neurodegeneration in ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Eun Bee Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Jae Hun Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
| | - Woori Kwak
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR).,C&K Genomics, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea (ZJ, KEK, HJS, EAJ, K-AP, JYL, HSA, EBC, JHJ, WK, GSR)
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Czapski GA, Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ, Strosznajder JB. Acute Systemic Inflammatory Response Alters Transcription Profile of Genes Related to Immune Response and Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Hippocampus; Relevance to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217838. [PMID: 33105802 PMCID: PMC7660108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute systemic inflammatory response (SIR) triggers an alteration in the transcription of brain genes related to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cells death. These changes are also characteristic for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology. Our aim was to evaluate gene expression patterns in the mouse hippocampus (MH) by using microarray technology 12 and 96 h after SIR evoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results were compared with microarray analysis of human postmortem hippocampal AD tissues. It was found that 12 h after LPS administration the expression of 231 genes in MH was significantly altered (FC > 2.0); however, after 96 h only the S100a8 gene encoding calgranulin A was activated (FC = 2.9). Gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated the alteration of gene expression related mostly to the immune-response including the gene Lcn2 for Lipocalin 2 (FC = 237.8), involved in glia neurotoxicity. The expression of genes coding proteins involved in epigenetic regulation, histone deacetylases (Hdac4,5,8,9,11) and bromo- and extraterminal domain protein Brd3 were downregulated; however, Brd2 was found to be upregulated. Remarkably, the significant increase in expression of Lcn2, S100a8, S100a9 and also Saa3 and Ch25h, was found in AD brains suggesting that early changes of immune-response genes evoked by mild SIR could be crucial in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz A. Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (G.A.C.); (J.B.S.); Tel.: +48-22-6086-600 (G.A.C.); +48-22-6086-414 (J.B.S.)
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSU-HSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.Z.); (W.J.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSU-HSC), New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (Y.Z.); (W.J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Joanna B. Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (G.A.C.); (J.B.S.); Tel.: +48-22-6086-600 (G.A.C.); +48-22-6086-414 (J.B.S.)
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Ojeda-Juárez D, Shah R, Fields JA, Harahap-Carrillo I, Koury J, Maung R, Gelman BB, Baaten BJ, Roberts AJ, Kaul M. Lipocalin-2 mediates HIV-1 induced neuronal injury and behavioral deficits by overriding CCR5-dependent protection. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:184-199. [PMID: 32534984 PMCID: PMC8153086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) continue to develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders despite combination anti-retroviral therapy. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein that has been implicated in neurodegeneration and is upregulated in a transgenic mouse model of HIV-associated brain injury. Here we show that LCN2 is significantly upregulated in neocortex of a subset of HIV-infected individuals with brain pathology and correlates with viral load in CSF and pro-viral DNA in neocortex. However, the question if LCN2 contributes to HIV-associated neurotoxicity or is part of a protective host response required further investigation. We found that the knockout of LCN2 in transgenic mice expressing HIVgp120 in the brain (HIVgp120tg) abrogates behavioral impairment, ameliorates neuronal damage, and reduces microglial activation in association with an increase of the neuroprotective CCR5 ligand CCL4. In vitro experiments show that LCN2 neurotoxicity also depends on microglia and p38 MAPK activity. Genetic ablation of CCR5 in LCN2-deficient HIVgp120tg mice restores neuropathology, suggesting that LCN2 overrides neuroprotection mediated by CCR5 and its chemokine ligands. RNA expression of 168 genes involved in neurotransmission reveals that neuronal injury and protection are each associated with genotype- and sex-specific patterns affecting common neural gene networks. In conclusion, our study identifies LCN2 as a novel factor in HIV-associated brain injury involving CCR5, p38 MAPK and microglia. Furthermore, the mechanistic interaction between LCN2 and CCR5 may serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in HIV patients at risk of developing brain pathology and neurocognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ojeda-Juárez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Rohan Shah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Jerel Adam Fields
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Indira Harahap-Carrillo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jeffrey Koury
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Ricky Maung
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, 77555-0419 Galveston, TX USA,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, 77555-0419 Galveston, TX USA
| | - Bas J. Baaten
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amanda J. Roberts
- Animal Models Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, MB-P300, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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49
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Kim TY, Leem E, Lee JM, Kim SR. Control of Reactive Oxygen Species for the Prevention of Parkinson's Disease: The Possible Application of Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070583. [PMID: 32635299 PMCID: PMC7402123 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems, and it can be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Parkinson's disease (PD). The application of antioxidants, which can defend against oxidative stress, is able to detoxify the reactive intermediates and prevent neurodegeneration resulting from excessive ROS production. There are many reports showing that numerous flavonoids, a large group of natural phenolic compounds, can act as antioxidants and the application of flavonoids has beneficial effects in the adult brain. For instance, it is well known that the long-term consumption of the green tea-derived flavonoids catechin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can attenuate the onset of PD. Also, flavonoids such as ampelopsin and pinocembrin can inhibit mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death through the regulation of gene expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Additionally, it is well established that many flavonoids exhibit anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects through cellular signaling pathways, such as those involving (ERK), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and (Akt), resulting in neuroprotection. In this review article, we have described the oxidative stress involved in PD and explained the therapeutic potential of flavonoids to protect the nigrostriatal DA system, which may be useful to prevent PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (T.Y.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Eunju Leem
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (T.Y.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (T.Y.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7362
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50
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Petrozziello T, Mills AN, Farhan SM, Mueller KA, Granucci EJ, Glajch KE, Chan J, Chew S, Berry JD, Sadri‐Vakili G. Lipocalin‐2 is increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:272-283. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Petrozziello
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra N. Mills
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sali M.K. Farhan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Kaly A. Mueller
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Eric J. Granucci
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kelly E. Glajch
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - James Chan
- Biostatistics Center, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sheena Chew
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - James D. Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri‐Vakili
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Mass GeneralMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
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