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Gui M, Lv L, Qin L, Wang C. Vestibular dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a neglected topic. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1398764. [PMID: 38846039 PMCID: PMC11153727 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1398764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dizziness and postural instability are frequently observed symptoms in patient with Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially linked to vestibular dysfunction. Despite their significant impact on quality of life, these symptoms are often overlooked and undertreated in clinical practice. This review aims to summarize symptoms associated with vestibular dysfunction in patients with PD and discusses vestibular-targeted therapies for managing non-specific dizziness and related symptoms. We conducted searches in PubMed and Web of Science using keywords related to vestibular dysfunction, Parkinson's disease, dizziness, and postural instability, alongside the reference lists of relevant articles. The available evidence suggests the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction-related symptoms in patients with PD and supports the idea that vestibular-targeted therapies may be effective in improving PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Gui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Vestibular Morphological Alterations in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010035. [PMID: 36670586 PMCID: PMC9856763 DOI: 10.3390/children10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most frequent pediatric spinal deformity. Its treatment still shows limited results due to the existent lack of knowledge regarding etiopathogenesis. Thus, the purpose of the study is to check the existence of vestibular morphological alterations among idiopathic scoliosis patients. To meet the objective, we performed this systematic review searching studies in PubMed Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete and SciELO until 15 September 2022. Articles that analyzed the morphology of the vestibular apparatus were selected, comparing subjects with AIS versus healthy subjects. Variables were selected that measured the orientation of the channels as well as the general conformation of the vestibular apparatus. One hundred and eighty-five records were retrieved in the preliminary searches, of which five studies were finally included, providing data from 154 participants (83 cases and 71 healthy controls) with a mean age 16.07 ± 2.48 years old. Two studies conclude that the superior and lateral semicircular canals are longer and thinner in patients with AIS. One study concluded that the measure between centers of superior and lateral canals and the angle whose vertex is placed the center of posterior canal were significantly shorter in subjects with AIS than in healthy controls in the left-side of vestibular apparatus. Two studies found an asymmetry in the verticality of the lateral canals on both sides in subjects with AIS, although it is not clear whether the left canal is in a more horizontal or vertical position. Patients with AIS seem to present morphological asymmetries of the vestibular apparatus, fundamentally on the left side. These anomalies seem to correlate with the location of the curve but not with its laterality or severity.
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3
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Zhang S, Liu D, Tian E, Wang J, Guo Z, Kong W. Central vestibular dysfunction: don't forget vestibular rehabilitation. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:669-680. [PMID: 35912850 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is now a subject of active studies and has been shown to be effective for multiple vestibular disorders, peripheral or central. VR is a physical therapy that helps train the central nervous system to compensate for vestibular dysfunction. There is moderate to strong evidence that VR is safe and effective for the management of peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Nonetheless, the studies on how VR works on central vestibular dysfunction remains scanty. AREAS COVERED This article addressed the rehabilitation strategies and possible mechanisms, including how central vestibular function might improve upon rehabilitation. In addition, it provides some examples concerning the effect of VR on central vestibular dysfunction. EXPERT OPINION VR works on the vestibular system through repetition of specific physical exercises that activate central neuroplastic mechanisms to achieve adaptive compensation of the impaired functions. VR has become a mainstay in the management of patients with dizziness and balance dysfunction. Individualized VR programs are a safe and effective treatment option for a large percentage of patients with central vestibular disease reporting imbalance and dizziness. Exploration of various treatment strategies and possible mechanisms will help develop the best and personalized VR treatment for patients with central vestibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - E Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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4
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Stitt IM, Wellings TP, Drury HR, Jobling P, Callister RJ, Brichta AM, Lim R. Properties of Deiters' neurons and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the mouse lateral vestibular nucleus. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:131-147. [PMID: 35730750 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00016.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deiters' neurons, located exclusively in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), are involved in vestibulospinal reflexes, innervate extensor motoneurons that drive anti-gravity muscles, and receive inhibitory inputs from the cerebellum. We investigated intrinsic membrane properties, short-term plasticity, and inhibitory synaptic inputs of mouse Deiters' and non-Deiters' neurons within the LVN. Deiters' neurons are distinguished from non-Deiters' neurons by their very low input resistance (105.8 vs 521.8 MOhms) respectively, long axons that project as far as the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord, and expression of the cytostructural protein, non-phosphorylated neurofilament protein (NPNFP). Whole-cell patch clamp recordings in brainstem slices show most Deiters' and non-Deiters' neurons were tonically active (>92%). Short-term plasticity was studied by examining discharge rate modulation following release from hyperpolarization (post-inhibitory rebound firing; PRF) and depolarization (firing rate adaptation; FRA). PRF and FRA gain were similar in Deiters' and non-Deiters' neurons (PRF: 24.9 vs. 20.2 Hz and FRA gain: 231.5 vs. 287.8 spikes/sec/nA respectively). Inhibitory synaptic input to both populations showed GABAergic rather than glycinergic inhibition dominated in Deiters' neurons and GABAA miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) frequency was much higher in Deiters' neurons compared to non-Deiters' neurons (~15.9 vs. 1.4 Hz respectively). Our data suggest Deiters' neurons can be reliably identified by their intrinsic membrane and synaptic properties. They are tonically active, glutamatergic, have low sensitivity or 'gain', exhibit little adaptation, and receive strong GABAergic input. Together, these features suggest, since Deiters' neurons have minimal short-term plasticity they are well-suited to a role encoding tonic signals for the vestibulospinal reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain M Stitt
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas P Wellings
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah Rose Drury
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Jobling
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Callister
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Martin Brichta
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Bacqué-Cazenave J, Courtand G, Beraneck M, Straka H, Combes D, Lambert FM. Locomotion-induced ocular motor behavior in larval Xenopus is developmentally tuned by visuo-vestibular reflexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2957. [PMID: 35618719 PMCID: PMC9135768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotion in vertebrates is accompanied by retinal image-stabilizing eye movements that derive from sensory-motor transformations and predictive locomotor efference copies. During development, concurrent maturation of locomotor and ocular motor proficiency depends on the structural and neuronal capacity of the motion detection systems, the propulsive elements and the computational capability for signal integration. In developing Xenopus larvae, we demonstrate an interactive plasticity of predictive locomotor efference copies and multi-sensory motion signals to constantly elicit dynamically adequate eye movements during swimming. During ontogeny, the neuronal integration of vestibulo- and spino-ocular reflex components progressively alters as locomotion parameters change. In young larvae, spino-ocular motor coupling attenuates concurrent angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes, while older larvae express eye movements that derive from a combination of the two components. This integrative switch depends on the locomotor pattern generator frequency, represents a stage-independent gating mechanism, and appears during ontogeny when the swim frequency naturally declines with larval age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bacqué-Cazenave
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, CNRS, EthoS, 14000, Caen, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine)-UMR 6552, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Courtand
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Beraneck
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 8002, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Hans Straka
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstr. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Denis Combes
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - François M Lambert
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.
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6
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Nguyen TT, Nam GS, Han GC, Le C, Oh SY. The Effect of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Visuospatial Cognition in an Incomplete Bilateral Vestibular Deafferentation Mouse Model. Front Neurol 2022; 13:857736. [PMID: 35370874 PMCID: PMC8971559 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.857736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) for recovering from the locomotor and spatial memory deficits of a murine bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD) model.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice (n = 36) were assigned to three groups: bilateral labyrinthectomy with (BVD_GVS group) and without (BVD_non-GVS group) the GVS intervention, and a control group with the sham operation. We used the open field and Y maze, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests to assess locomotor and visuospatial cognitive performance before (baseline) and 3, 7, and 14 days after surgical bilateral labyrinthectomy. For the GVS group, a sinusoidal current at the frequency at 1 Hz and amplitude 0.1 mA was delivered for 30 min daily from the postoperative day (POD) 0 to 4 via electrodes inserted subcutaneously close to both the bony labyrinths.ResultsShort-term spatial memory was significantly impaired in bilaterally labyrinthectomized mice (BVD_non-GVS group), as reflected by decreased spontaneous alternation performance in the place recognition test and time spent in the novel arm and increased same arm return in the Y-maze test, compared with the control. Long-term spatial memory was also impaired, as indicated by a longer escape latency in the hidden platform trial and a lower percentage of time spent in the target quadrant in the probe trial of the MWM. GVS application significantly accelerated the recovery of locomotion and short-term and long-term spatial memory deficits in the BVD mice.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that locomotion, short-term, and long-term (at least 2 weeks) spatial memory were impaired in BVD mice. The early administration of sinusoidal GVS accelerated the recovery of those locomotion and spatial memory deficiencies. GVS could be applied to patients with BVD to improve their locomotion and vestibular cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tin Nguyen
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Gi-Sung Nam
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gyu Cheol Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chuyen Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
- Department of General-Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Hue University Hospital, Hue, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Chuyen Le ;
| | - Sun-Young Oh
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- Sun-Young Oh
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7
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Le Ray D, Guayasamin M. How Does the Central Nervous System for Posture and Locomotion Cope With Damage-Induced Neural Asymmetry? Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:828532. [PMID: 35308565 PMCID: PMC8927091 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.828532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In most vertebrates, posture and locomotion are achieved by a biomechanical apparatus whose effectors are symmetrically positioned around the main body axis. Logically, motor commands to these effectors are intrinsically adapted to such anatomical symmetry, and the underlying sensory-motor neural networks are correspondingly arranged during central nervous system (CNS) development. However, many developmental and/or life accidents may alter such neural organization and acutely generate asymmetries in motor operation that are often at least partially compensated for over time. First, we briefly present the basic sensory-motor organization of posturo-locomotor networks in vertebrates. Next, we review some aspects of neural plasticity that is implemented in response to unilateral central injury or asymmetrical sensory deprivation in order to substantially restore symmetry in the control of posturo-locomotor functions. Data are finally discussed in the context of CNS structure-function relationship.
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Simoneau M, Pialasse JP, Mercier P, Blouin JS. Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis show decreased intermuscular coherence in lumbar paraspinal muscles: a new pathophysiological perspective. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 138:38-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Gordy C, Straka H. Vestibular Influence on Vertebrate Skeletal Symmetry and Body Shape. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:753207. [PMID: 34690711 PMCID: PMC8526847 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.753207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular endorgans in the vertebrate inner ear form the principal sensors for head orientation and motion in space. Following the evolutionary appearance of these organs in pre-vertebrate ancestors, specific sensory epithelial patches, such as the utricle, which is sensitive to linear acceleration and orientation of the head with respect to earth’s gravity, have become particularly important for constant postural stabilization. This influence operates through descending neuronal populations with evolutionarily conserved hindbrain origins that directly and indirectly control spinal motoneurons of axial and limb muscles. During embryogenesis and early post-embryonic periods, bilateral otolith signals contribute to the formation of symmetric skeletal elements through a balanced activation of axial muscles. This role has been validated by removal of otolith signals on one side during a specific developmental period in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. This intervention causes severe scoliotic deformations that remain permanent and extend into adulthood. Accordingly, the functional influence of weight-bearing otoconia, likely on utricular hair cells and resultant afferent discharge, represents a mechanism to ensure a symmetric muscle tonus essential for establishing a normal body shape. Such an impact is presumably occurring within a critical period that is curtailed by the functional completion of central vestibulo-motor circuits and by the modifiability of skeletal elements before ossification of the bones. Thus, bilateral otolith organs and their associated sensitivity to head orientation and linear accelerations are not only indispensable for real time postural stabilization during motion in space but also serve as a guidance for the ontogenetic establishment of a symmetric body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Gordy
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Nam GS, Nguyen TT, Kang JJ, Han GC, Oh SY. Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Vestibular Compensation in Unilaterally Labyrinthectomized Mice. Front Neurol 2021; 12:736849. [PMID: 34539564 PMCID: PMC8446527 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.736849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the ameliorating effects of sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on vestibular compensation from unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) using a mouse model of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). Methods: Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into two groups that comprise UL groups with GVS (GVS group, n = 9) and without GVS intervention (non-GVS group, n = 7). In the experimental groups, we assessed vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) recovery before (baseline) and at 3, 7, and 14 days after surgical unilateral labyrinthectomy. In the GVS group, stimulation was applied for 30 min daily from postoperative days (PODs) 0–4 via electrodes inserted subcutaneously next to both bony labyrinths. Results: Locomotion and VOR were significantly impaired in the non-GVS group compared to baseline. The mean VOR gain of the non-GVS group was attenuated to 0.23 at POD 3 and recovered continuously to the value of 0.54 at POD 14, but did not reach the baseline values at any frequency. GVS intervention significantly accelerated recovery of locomotion, as assessed by the amount of circling and total path length in the open field tasks compared to the non-GVS groups on PODs 3 (p < 0.001 in both amount of circling and total path length) and 7 (p < 0.01 in amount of circling and p < 0.001 in total path length, Mann–Whitney U-test). GVS also significantly improved VOR gain compared to the non-GVS groups at PODs 3 (p < 0.001), 7 (p < 0.001), and 14 (p < 0.001, independent t-tests) during sinusoidal rotations. In addition, the recovery of the phase responses and asymmetry of the VOR was significantly better in the GVS group than in the non-GVS group until 2 weeks after UVD (phase, p = 0.001; symmetry, p < 0.001 at POD 14). Conclusion: Recoveries for UVD-induced locomotion and VOR deficits were accelerated by an early intervention with GVS, which implies that GVS has the potential to improve vestibular compensation in patients with acute unilateral vestibular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Sung Nam
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Thanh Tin Nguyen
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Jin-Ju Kang
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Gyu Cheol Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Oh
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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Nguyen TT, Nam GS, Kang JJ, Han GC, Kim JS, Dieterich M, Oh SY. Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Improves Spatial Cognition After Unilateral Labyrinthectomy in Mice. Front Neurol 2021; 12:716795. [PMID: 34393985 PMCID: PMC8358680 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.716795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the deficits of spatial memory and navigation from unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) and to determine the efficacy of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) for recovery from these deficits using a mouse model of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). Methods: Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into three groups that comprise a control group and two experimental groups, UVD with (GVS group) and without GVS intervention (non-GVS group). In the experimental groups, we assessed the locomotor and cognitive behavioral function before (baseline) and 3, 7, and 14 days after surgical UL, using the open field (OF), Y maze, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. In the GVS group, the stimulations were applied for 30 min daily from postoperative day (POD) 0–4 via the electrodes inserted subcutaneously close to both bony labyrinths. Results: Locomotion and spatial cognition were significantly impaired in the mice with UVD non-GVS group compared to the control group. GVS significantly accelerated recovery of locomotion compared to the control and non-GVS groups on PODs 3 (p < 0.001) and 7 (p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests) in the OF and Y maze tests. The mice in the GVS group were better in spatial working memory assessed with spontaneous alternation performance and spatial reference memory assessed with place recognition during the Y maze test than those in the non-GVS group on POD 3 (p < 0.001). In addition, the recovery of long-term spatial navigation deficits during the MWM, as indicated by the escape latency and the probe trial, was significantly better in the GVS group than in the non-GVS group 2 weeks after UVD (p < 0.01). Conclusions: UVD impairs spatial memory, navigation, and motor coordination. GVS accelerated recoveries in short- and long-term spatial memory and navigation, as well as locomotor function in mice with UVD, and may be applied to the patients with acute unilateral vestibular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tin Nguyen
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Gi-Sung Nam
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Gyu Cheol Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sun-Young Oh
- Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital & School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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12
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Saka M, Tada N. Acute and chronic toxicity tests of systemic insecticides, four neonicotinoids and fipronil, using the tadpoles of the western clawed frog Silurana tropicalis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129418. [PMID: 33423002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of neonicotinoids and fipronil, which are popular systemic insecticides used in Japanese rice paddies, has raised concerns about their impacts on nontarget aquatic organisms such as amphibians. This study employed premetamorphic tadpoles of Silurana tropicalis and addressed the toxicity of four neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and imidacloprid) and fipronil. Acute toxicity tests were conducted under a 96-h semistatic exposure regime and median lethal concentration (LC50) values were calculated at 24-h intervals. All LC50 values of the four neonicotinoids exceeded 100 mg/L, suggesting their low acute toxicity to amphibians. Fipronil yielded much lower LC50 values (3.00-1.34 mg/L) and was highly toxic compared to the four neonicotinoids. Additionally, exposure to fipronil at >1 mg/L induced axial malformations, suggesting its teratogenicity. However, the LC50 values of fipronil were three orders of magnitude higher than the realistic concentrations in paddy water. Chronic toxicity tests were conducted with morphometric, gravimetric, and thyroid-histological endpoints. Premetamorphic tadpoles were exposed to each insecticide at two test concentrations: 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L for the four neonicotinoids; and 1/100 and 1/10 of the 96-h LC50 value for fipronil. Exposure to each insecticide continued until all tadpoles in the control reached late prometamorphic stages or the initial stage of metamorphic climax. At test termination, all insecticides showed no significant differences in any of the endpoints between the respective controls and chemical exposure groups. Overall, our results suggest that these insecticides alone do not directly affect amphibians through their larval stages at concentrations that likely occur in paddy water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Saka
- Division of Aquatic Environment, Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Murakamicho 395, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8369, Japan.
| | - Noriko Tada
- Division of Aquatic Environment, Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Murakamicho 395, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8369, Japan.
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13
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Scheyerer MJ, Rohde A, Stuermer KJ, Kluenter HD, Bredow J, Oikonomidis S, Klußmann JP, Eysel P, Eysel-Gosepath K. Impact of the Vestibular System on the Formation and Progression to Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Review of Literature. Asian Spine J 2020; 15:701-707. [PMID: 33189104 PMCID: PMC8561148 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2020.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown. However, a multifactorial pathogenesis is being assumed. Besides biomechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors, some studies have focused on congenital or acquired abnormalities in the vestibular organ with consecutive development of scoliosis. This study aims to analyze a possible correlation between any vestibular organ congenital or acquired pathologies and scoliosis based on the current literature. Therefore, we conducted a literature search in three databases, with search terms such as “scoliosis,” “organ of balance,” “idiopathic scoliosis,” “vestibular organ,” “spine,” and “balance.” Fifteen studies were selected and used for research. The relationship between scoliosis and vestibular organ abnormalities was recorded from all included works. Seven studies demonstrated a direct correlation between vestibular organ anatomical abnormalities and the form of the scoliotic spine. Another study confirmed the influence of the pathology of the vestibular organ on scoliosis but questioned whether it had an impact on the formation or the progression of the curvature. Others demonstrated a temporal overlap of the embryonic development of the vestibular organ and the beginning of pre-scoliotic characteristics, but their relationship remained questionable. In three studies, the correlation remained unclear, and any context has been denied. It seems unlikely that an isolated vestibular disorder can trigger structural scoliosis. However, the vestibular system pathologies may certainly occur in the multifactorial genesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Whether the correlation refers to the expression or the progression of scoliosis or may even have an influence on both remains unclear. New treatment options could be derived from these findings with a positive influence on the course of the deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Joseph Scheyerer
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Rohde
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Johannes Stuermer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heinz-Dieter Kluenter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Bredow
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stavros Oikonomidis
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Peter Klußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eysel-Gosepath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
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14
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Soupiadou P, Gordy C, Forsthofer M, Sanchez-Gonzalez R, Straka H. Acute consequences of a unilateral VIIIth nerve transection on vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. J Neurol 2020; 267:62-75. [PMID: 32915311 PMCID: PMC7718200 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loss of peripheral vestibular function provokes severe impairments of gaze and posture stabilization in humans and animals. However, relatively little is known about the extent of the instantaneous deficits. This is mostly due to the fact that in humans a spontaneous loss often goes unnoticed initially and targeted lesions in animals are performed under deep anesthesia, which prevents immediate evaluation of behavioral deficits. Here, we use isolated preparations of Xenopus laevis tadpoles with functionally intact vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic reflexes (OKR) to evaluate the acute consequences of unilateral VIIIth nerve sections. Such in vitro preparations allow lesions to be performed in the absence of anesthetics with the advantage to instantly evaluate behavioral deficits. Eye movements, evoked by horizontal sinusoidal head/table rotation in darkness and in light, became reduced by 30% immediately after the lesion and were diminished by 50% at 1.5 h postlesion. In contrast, the sinusoidal horizontal OKR, evoked by large-field visual scene motion, remained unaltered instantaneously but was reduced by more than 50% from 1.5 h postlesion onwards. The further impairment of the VOR beyond the instantaneous effect, along with the delayed decrease of OKR performance, suggests that the immediate impact of the sensory loss is superseded by secondary consequences. These potentially involve homeostatic neuronal plasticity among shared VOR-OKR neuronal elements that are triggered by the ongoing asymmetric activity. Provided that this assumption is correct, a rehabilitative reduction of the vestibular asymmetry might restrict the extent of the secondary detrimental effect evoked by the principal peripheral impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthena Soupiadou
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Clayton Gordy
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Michael Forsthofer
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
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15
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Obrero-Gaitán E, Molina F, Del-Pino-Casado R, Ibáñez-Vera AJ, Rodríguez-Almagro D, Lomas-Vega R. Visual Verticality Perception in Spinal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1725. [PMID: 32503240 PMCID: PMC7356295 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with traumatic or non-traumatic spinal pain and idiopathic scoliosis frequently suffer from imbalance. The evaluation of the perception of verticality by means of visual tests emerges as a quick and easy tool for clinical management of the balance disorders. Several studies have assessed the visual perception of verticality in spinal diseases obtaining controversial results. The aim of our study is to analyze the perception of visual verticality in subjects with several spinal diseases in comparison with healthy subjects. A meta-analysis was carried out. PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, WoS, CINAHL, and SciELO databases were searched until January 2020. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated to analyze differences between patients and healthy controls. Fifteen studies with a total of 2052 patients were included. In comparison with healthy subjects, a misperception of verticality was found in patients with spinal pain when the perception of the verticality was assessed with the rod and frame test (SMD = 0.339; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.181, 0.497; p < 0.001). It seems that the perception of visual verticality is not altered in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (p = 0.294). The present meta-analysis shows a misperception of visual verticality only in patients with spinal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Obrero-Gaitán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (A.J.I.-V.); (D.R.-A.); (R.L.-V.)
| | - Francisco Molina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (A.J.I.-V.); (D.R.-A.); (R.L.-V.)
| | - Rafael Del-Pino-Casado
- Department of Nursing, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (A.J.I.-V.); (D.R.-A.); (R.L.-V.)
| | - Daniel Rodríguez-Almagro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (A.J.I.-V.); (D.R.-A.); (R.L.-V.)
| | - Rafael Lomas-Vega
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (A.J.I.-V.); (D.R.-A.); (R.L.-V.)
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16
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Carry PM, Duke VR, Brazell CJ, Stence N, Scholes M, Rousie DL, Hadley Miller N. Lateral semi-circular canal asymmetry in females with idiopathic scoliosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232417. [PMID: 32349123 PMCID: PMC7190182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal structural deformity that occurs in otherwise normal individuals. Although curve progression and severity vary amongst individuals, AIS can lead to significant cosmetic and functional deformity. AIS etiology has been determined to be genetic, however, exact genetic and biological processes underlying this disorder remain unknown. Vestibular structure and function have potentially been related to the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Here, we aimed to characterize the anatomy of the semicircular canals (SCC) within the vestibular system through a novel approach utilizing T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). Methods Three dimensional, MRI-based models of the SCCs were generated from AIS subjects (n = 20) and healthy control subjects (n = 19). Linear mixed models were used to compare SCC morphological measurements in the two groups. We compared side-to-side differences in the SCC measurements between groups (group*side interaction). Results Side-to-side differences in the lateral SCC were different between the two groups [false discovery rate adjusted p-value: 0.0107]. Orientation of right versus left lateral SCC was significantly different in the AIS group compared to the control group [mean side-to-side difference: -4.1°, 95% CI: -6.4° to -1.7°]. Overall, among subjects in the AIS group, the left lateral SCC tended to be oriented in a more horizontal position than subjects in the control group. Significance Asymmetry within the SCCs of the vestibular system of individuals with AIS potentially results in abnormal efferent activity to postural muscles. Consequences of this muscular activity during periods of rapid growth, which often coincides with AIS onset and progression, warrant consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Carry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Victoria R. Duke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Brazell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Stence
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melissa Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Nancy Hadley Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Olechowski-Bessaguet A, Grandemange R, Cardoit L, Courty E, Lambert FM, Le Ray D. Functional organization of vestibulospinal inputs on thoracic motoneurons responsible for trunk postural control in Xenopus. J Physiol 2019; 598:817-838. [PMID: 31834949 DOI: 10.1113/jp278599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Vestibulospinal reflexes participate in postural control. How this is achieved has not been investigated fully. We combined electrophysiological, neuroanatomical and imaging techniques to decipher the vestibulospinal network controlling the activation of back and limb muscles responsible for postural adjustments. We describe two distinct pathways activating either thoracic postural motoneurons alone or thoracic and lumbar motoneurons together, with the latter co-ordinating specifically hindlimb extensors and postural back muscles. ABSTRACT In vertebrates, trunk postural stabilization is known to rely mainly on direct vestibulospinal inputs on spinal axial motoneurons. However, a substantial role of central spinal commands ascending from lumbar segments is not excluded during active locomotion. In the adult Xenopus, a lumbar drive dramatically overwhelms the descending inputs onto thoracic postural motoneurons during swimming. Given that vestibulospinal fibres also project onto the lumbar segments that shelter the locomotor generators, we investigated whether such a lumbo-thoracic pathway may relay vestibular information and consequently, also be involved in the control of posture at rest. We show that thoracic postural motoneurons exhibit particular dendritic spatial organization allowing them to gather information from both sides of the cord. In response to passive head motion, these motoneurons display both early and delayed discharges, with the latter occurring in phase with ipsilateral hindlimb extensor bursts. We demonstrate that both vestibulospinal and lumbar ascending fibres converge onto postural motoneurons, and that thoracic motoneurons monosynaptically respond to the electrical stimulation of either pathway. Finally, we show that vestibulospinal fibres project to and activate lumbar interneurons with thoracic projections. Taken together, our results complete the scheme of the vestibulospinal control of posture by illustrating the existence of a novel, indirect pathway, which implicates lumbar interneurons relaying vestibular inputs to thoracic motoneurons, and participating in global body postural stabilization in the absence of active locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Olechowski-Bessaguet
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Grandemange
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Laura Cardoit
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Elric Courty
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - François M Lambert
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Didier Le Ray
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
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18
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Hatzilazaridis I, Hatzitaki V, Antoniadou N, Samoladas E. Postural and muscle responses to galvanic vestibular stimulation reveal a vestibular deficit in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3614-3626. [PMID: 31336391 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the most appealing hypotheses around the aetiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis attributes the development of the spine deformity to an imbalance in the descending vestibulospinal drive to the muscles resulting in a differential mechanical pull on the spine during the early life stages. In this study, we explored this hypothesis by examining postural and muscle responses to binaural bipolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) of randomly alternating polarity. Adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis (n = 12) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 12) stood quietly with feet together (stance duration 66-102 s), eyes closed and facing forward, while 10 short (2s), transmastoidal, bipolar square wave GVS pulses (0.3-2.0 mA) of randomly alternating polarity were delivered at varying time intervals. Responses depicted in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of bilateral axial and appendicular muscles, vertical reaction forces and segment kinematics were recorded and analysed. Scoliotic patients demonstrated smaller ankle muscle responses and a delayed postural shift to the right relative to controls during anode right/cathode left GVS. When GVS polarity was reversed, patients had a greater soleus short-latency response on the left anodal side, while the rest of the muscle and postural responses were similar between groups. Vestibular stimulation also evoked greater head and upper trunk sway in scoliotic compared with healthy adolescents irrespective of stimulus polarity. Results provide new preliminary evidence for a vestibular imbalance in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis that is compensated by somatosensory, load-related afferent feedback from the lower limbs during the latter part of the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Hatzilazaridis
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior and Adapted Physical Activity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilia Hatzitaki
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior and Adapted Physical Activity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Antoniadou
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior and Adapted Physical Activity, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Samoladas
- Orthopeadics Division of Genimatas Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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19
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Nenni MJ, Fisher ME, James-Zorn C, Pells TJ, Ponferrada V, Chu S, Fortriede JD, Burns KA, Wang Y, Lotay VS, Wang DZ, Segerdell E, Chaturvedi P, Karimi K, Vize PD, Zorn AM. Xenbase: Facilitating the Use of Xenopus to Model Human Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:154. [PMID: 30863320 PMCID: PMC6399412 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
At a fundamental level most genes, signaling pathways, biological functions and organ systems are highly conserved between man and all vertebrate species. Leveraging this conservation, researchers are increasingly using the experimental advantages of the amphibian Xenopus to model human disease. The online Xenopus resource, Xenbase, enables human disease modeling by curating the Xenopus literature published in PubMed and integrating these Xenopus data with orthologous human genes, anatomy, and more recently with links to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man resource (OMIM) and the Human Disease Ontology (DO). Here we review how Xenbase supports disease modeling and report on a meta-analysis of the published Xenopus research providing an overview of the different types of diseases being modeled in Xenopus and the variety of experimental approaches being used. Text mining of over 50,000 Xenopus research articles imported into Xenbase from PubMed identified approximately 1,000 putative disease- modeling articles. These articles were manually assessed and annotated with disease ontologies, which were then used to classify papers based on disease type. We found that Xenopus is being used to study a diverse array of disease with three main experimental approaches: cell-free egg extracts to study fundamental aspects of cellular and molecular biology, oocytes to study ion transport and channel physiology and embryo experiments focused on congenital diseases. We integrated these data into Xenbase Disease Pages to allow easy navigation to disease information on external databases. Results of this analysis will equip Xenopus researchers with a suite of experimental approaches available to model or dissect a pathological process. Ideally clinicians and basic researchers will use this information to foster collaborations necessary to interrogate the development and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi J Nenni
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Malcolm E Fisher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christina James-Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Troy J Pells
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Virgilio Ponferrada
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stanley Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua D Fortriede
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kevin A Burns
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaneet S Lotay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dong Zhou Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erik Segerdell
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kamran Karimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter D Vize
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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20
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Christy JB. Considerations for Testing and Treating Children with Central Vestibular Impairments. Semin Hear 2018; 39:321-333. [PMID: 30038458 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1666821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective explores common pediatric diagnoses that could present with central vestibular pathway dysfunction, leading to delays in motor development and postural control, and gaze instability. Specifically, the following diagnoses are considered: cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, vestibular migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorder, concussion, childhood cancer, congenital muscular torticollis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and autism. Suggestions for clinical screening, vestibular function testing, and vestibular rehabilitation for children with these diagnoses are based on evidence for the efficacy of testing and interventions for children with peripheral vestibular hypofunction. More research is needed to explore peripheral and central vestibular function in children with these diagnoses. Testing and intervention methods may need to be modified to accommodate for the specific behavior and motor challenges that some children might present. Researchers should develop technology so that gaze stabilization exercises can be delivered in a fun, functional, and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Christy
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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Verticality perception reveals a vestibular deficit in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1725-1734. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Saka M, Tada N, Kamata Y. Chronic toxicity of 1,3,5-triazine herbicides in the postembryonic development of the western clawed frog Silurana tropicalis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:373-381. [PMID: 28869887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seven 1,3,5- triazine (s-triazine) herbicides (ametryn, prometryn, dimethametryn, simazine, atrazine, propazine, and cyanazine) were tested using an amphibian (Silurana tropicalis) metamorphosis assay focusing on morphometric, gravimetric, and thyroid-histological endpoints. Premetamorphic tadpoles were exposed to each s-triazine at 2 concentrations between 1/1000 and 1/10 of the 96-h acute toxicity values, until all tadpoles in the control group reached either the late prometamorphosic stages or the initial stage of metamorphic climax. All s-triazines tested induced significant retardation in growth and development at the higher concentrations (0.2-1.0mg/L), and some of them induced similar effects even at the lower concentrations (0.02-0.1mg/L) while each showing a linear dose-response. Total size of the thyroid glands tended to be reduced corresponding to the delayed development, but without showing histomorphological lesions typical of anti-thyroid chemicals. These consistent results suggest that the s-triazines can act as a chemical stressor inhibiting tadpole growth and development, possibly without disrupting the thyroid axis. In addition, tadpoles exhibiting spinal curvatures appeared in either one or both of the lower and higher concentration groups for each s-triazine tested. The incidence rate in the s-triazine exposure groups where tadpoles with scoliosis were observed ranged from 3.3% to 63.3%, some of which were significantly higher than that in the respective control groups (0-6.7%). It is speculated that the s-triazines may promote to occur axial malformations in developing tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Saka
- Division of Aquatic Environment, Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Murakamicho 395, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8369, Japan.
| | - Noriko Tada
- Division of Aquatic Environment, Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Murakamicho 395, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8369, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamata
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Alayat MSM, Abdel-Kafy EM, Abdelaal AM. H-reflex changes in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized clinical trial. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1658-1663. [PMID: 28932008 PMCID: PMC5599841 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To detect H-reflex asymmetry and investigate the effect of direction sensitive exercise therapy protocol among patients with thoracolumbar and/or lumbar scoliosis. [Subjects and Methods] Fifty patients (10-17 years), Cobb's angle 10-20 degrees with thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis participated in the study. Soleus H-reflex was tested on both sides during prone lying position and standing position. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Group I received direction sensitive exercise therapy while the participants in group II received traditional exercise. Exercises were applied three times per week for twelve successive weeks. [Results] There were significant differences indicating asymmetry in the H-reflex amplitude on concave side. Cobb's angle significantly decreased and the H-reflex amplitude on concave side as well as H concave/convex ratios in both lying and standing significantly increased in both groups. Direction sensitive exercise therapy showed a more significant increase in the measured outcomes than traditional exercises therapy protocol. [Conclusion] H-reflex test was effective in discovering the asymmetry between concave and convex sides. Based on H-reflex test, direction-sensitive exercise therapy was more effective than traditional exercises in decreasing Cobb's angle and increasing H-reflex values as well as H/H percent in concave side in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehab Mohamed Abdel-Kafy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University: Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Mohamed Abdelaal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University: Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation: Cellular Substrates and Response Patterns of Neurons in the Vestibulo-Ocular Network. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9097-110. [PMID: 27581452 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4239-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) uses modulated currents to evoke neuronal activity in vestibular endorgans in the absence of head motion. GVS is typically used for a characterization of vestibular pathologies; for studies on the vestibular influence of gaze, posture, and locomotion; and for deciphering the sensory-motor transformation underlying these behaviors. At variance with the widespread use of this method, basic aspects such as the activated cellular substrate at the sensory periphery or the comparability to motion-induced neuronal activity patterns are still disputed. Using semi-intact preparations of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, we determined the cellular substrate and the spatiotemporal specificity of GVS-evoked responses and compared sinusoidal GVS-induced activity patterns with motion-induced responses in all neuronal elements along the vestibulo-ocular pathway. As main result, we found that, despite the pharmacological block of glutamatergic hair cell transmission by combined bath-application of NMDA (7-chloro-kynurenic acid) and AMPA (CNQX) receptor blockers, GVS-induced afferent spike activity persisted. However, the amplitude modulation was reduced by ∼30%, suggesting that both hair cells and vestibular afferent fibers are normally recruited by GVS. Systematic alterations of electrode placement with respect to bilateral semicircular canal pairs or alterations of the bipolar stimulus phase timing yielded unique activity patterns in extraocular motor nerves, compatible with a spatially and temporally specific activation of vestibulo-ocular reflexes in distinct planes. Despite the different GVS electrode placement in semi-intact X. laevis preparations and humans and the more global activation of vestibular endorgans by the latter approach, this method is suitable to imitate head/body motion in both circumstances. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Galvanic vestibular stimulation is used frequently in clinical practice to test the functionality of the sense of balance. The outcome of the test that relies on the activation of eye movements by electrical stimulation of vestibular organs in the inner ear helps to dissociate vestibular impairments that cause vertigo and imbalance in patients. This study uses an amphibian model to investigate at the cellular level the underlying mechanism on which this method depends. The outcome of this translational research unequivocally revealed the cellular substrate at the vestibular sensory periphery that is activated by electrical currents, as well as the spatiotemporal specificity of the evoked eye movements, thus facilitating the interpretation of clinical test results.
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Plasticity within excitatory and inhibitory pathways of the vestibulo-spinal circuitry guides changes in motor performance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:853. [PMID: 28405011 PMCID: PMC5429812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of behaviors with well-characterized circuitry are required to understand how the brain learns new motor skills and ensures existing behaviors remain appropriately calibrated over time. Accordingly, here we recorded from neurons within different sites of the vestibulo-spinal circuitry of behaving macaque monkeys during temporally precise activation of vestibular afferents. Behaviorally relevant patterns of vestibular nerve activation generated a rapid and substantial decrease in the monosynaptic responses recorded at the first central stage of processing from neurons receiving direct input from vestibular afferents within minutes, as well as a decrease in the compensatory reflex response that lasted up to 8 hours. In contrast, afferent responses to this same stimulation remained constant, indicating that plasticity was not induced at the level of the periphery but rather at the afferent-central neuron synapse. Strikingly, the responses of neurons within indirect brainstem pathways also remained constant, even though the efficacy of their central input was significantly reduced. Taken together, our results show that rapid plasticity at the first central stage of vestibulo-spinal pathways can guide changes in motor performance, and that complementary plasticity on the same millisecond time scale within inhibitory vestibular nuclei networks contributes to ensuring a relatively robust behavioral output.
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Branoner F, Chagnaud BP, Straka H. Ontogenetic Development of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes in Amphibians. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:91. [PMID: 27877114 PMCID: PMC5099239 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) ensure gaze stability during locomotion and passively induced head/body movements. In precocial vertebrates such as amphibians, vestibular reflexes are required very early at the onset of locomotor activity. While the formation of inner ears and the assembly of sensory-motor pathways is largely completed soon after hatching, angular and translational/tilt VOR display differential functional onsets and mature with different time courses. Otolith-derived eye movements appear immediately after hatching, whereas the appearance and progressive amelioration of semicircular canal-evoked eye movements is delayed and dependent on the acquisition of sufficiently large semicircular canal diameters. Moreover, semicircular canal functionality is also required to tune the initially omnidirectional otolith-derived VOR. The tuning is due to a reinforcement of those vestibulo-ocular connections that are co-activated by semicircular canal and otolith inputs during natural head/body motion. This suggests that molecular mechanisms initially guide the basic ontogenetic wiring, whereas semicircular canal-dependent activity is required to establish the spatio-temporal specificity of the reflex. While a robust VOR is activated during passive head/body movements, locomotor efference copies provide the major source for compensatory eye movements during tail- and limb-based swimming of larval and adult frogs. The integration of active/passive motion-related signals for gaze stabilization occurs in central vestibular neurons that are arranged as segmentally iterated functional groups along rhombomere 1–8. However, at variance with the topographic maps of most other sensory systems, the sensory-motor transformation of motion-related signals occurs in segmentally specific neuronal groups defined by the extraocular motor output targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Branoner
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Boris P Chagnaud
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
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Sensorimotor Control Impairment in Young Adults With Idiopathic Scoliosis Compared With Healthy Controls. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2016; 39:473-479. [PMID: 27544925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been hypothesized that the impaired sensorimotor control observed in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) may be related more to the onset of scoliosis than to the maturation of sensory systems or sensorimotor control mechanisms. The objective of this study was to assess sensorimotor control in adults diagnosed with IS in adolescence versus healthy controls. METHODS The study included 20 young adults 20 to 24 years of age (10 healthy controls and 10 diagnosed with adolescent IS but not treated for it). Binaural bipolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) was delivered to assess sensorimotor control. Vertical forces under each foot and upper body kinematics along the frontal plane were measured before GVS (2-second window), during GVS (2-second window), immediately after the cessation of GVS (1-second window), and during the following 2 seconds. Balance control was assessed by calculating the root mean square values of vertical forces and upper body kinematics. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the IS group showed greater body sway upon GVS; the amplitude of this sway was even greater immediately after the cessation of GVS-an outcome requiring sensorimotor control. CONCLUSION Compared with normal controls, adults who had been diagnosed with IS in adolescence showed altered balance control immediately following GVS. This finding suggests that dysfunctional sensorimotor control may be related to the onset of scoliosis rather than to a transient suboptimal development of the sensory systems or sensorimotor control mechanisms.
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Bigelow RT, Semenov YR, Anson E, du Lac S, Ferrucci L, Agrawal Y. Impaired Vestibular Function and Low Bone Mineral Density: Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2016; 17:433-40. [PMID: 27447468 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-016-0577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have demonstrated that experimentally induced vestibular ablation leads to a decrease in bone mineral density, through mechanisms mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Loss of bone mineral density is a common and potentially morbid condition that occurs with aging, and we sought to investigate whether vestibular loss is associated with low bone mineral density in older adults. We evaluated this question in a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), a large, prospective cohort study managed by the National Institute on Aging (N = 389). Vestibular function was assessed with cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs), a measure of saccular function. Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). In two-way t test analysis, we observed that individuals with reduced vestibular physiologic function had significantly lower bone mineral density. In adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses, we observed that older individuals with reduced vestibular physiologic function had significantly lower bone mineral density, specifically in weight-bearing hip and lower extremity bones. These results suggest that the vestibular system may contribute to bone homeostasis in older adults, notably of the weight-bearing hip bones at greatest risk of osteoporotic fracture. Further longitudinal analysis of vestibular function and bone mineral density in humans is needed to characterize this relationship and investigate the potential confounding effect of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin T Bigelow
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Eric Anson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sascha du Lac
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuri Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Shaabani M, Lotfi Y, Karimian SM, Rahgozar M, Hooshmandi M. Short-term galvanic vestibular stimulation promotes functional recovery and neurogenesis in unilaterally labyrinthectomized rats. Brain Res 2016; 1648:152-162. [PMID: 27444558 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current experimental research on the therapeutic effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has mainly focused on neurodegenerative disorders. However, it primarily stimulates the vestibular nuclei and could be potentially effective in modulating imbalance between them in the case of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). Fifty male Wistar rats (180-220g) were used in 5 groups of 10: intact, sham, right-UL (RUL; without intervention), and two other right-UL groups with GVS intervention [one group treated with low rate GVS (GVS.LF; 6-7Hz), and the other treated with high rate GVS (GVS.HF; 17-18Hz)]. The UL models were prepared by intratympanic injection of sodium arsanilate. GVS protocols were implemented 30min/day and continued for 14 days via ring-shaped copper electrodes inserted subcutaneously over each mastoid. Functional recovery was assessed by several postural tests including support surface area, landing and air-righting reflexes, and rotarod procedure. Immunohistochemical investigations were performed on ipsi- and contra-lesional medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67, as markers of cell proliferation. Behavioral evaluations showed significant functional recovery of GVS-treated groups compared to RUL group. The percent of marked cells with BrdU and Ki67 were significantly higher in the ipsilesional MVN of both GVS-treated groups compared with other groups. Our findings confirmed the effectiveness of GVS-intervention in accelerating static and dynamic vestibular compensation. This could be explained by the cell proliferation in ipsilesional MVN cells and rapid rebalancing of the VNs and the modulation of their motor outputs. Therefore, GVS could be promising for rehabilitating patients with unilateral vestibular weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Shaabani
- Audiology Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yones Lotfi
- Audiology Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahgozar
- Biostatistics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hooshmandi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lacour M, Helmchen C, Vidal PP. Vestibular compensation: the neuro-otologist's best friend. J Neurol 2016; 263 Suppl 1:S54-64. [PMID: 27083885 PMCID: PMC4833803 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Why vestibular compensation (VC) after an acute unilateral vestibular loss is the neuro-otologist’s best friend is the question at the heart of this paper. The different plasticity mechanisms underlying VC are first reviewed, and the authors present thereafter the dual concept of vestibulo-centric versus distributed learning processes to explain the compensation of deficits resulting from the static versus dynamic vestibular imbalance. The main challenges for the plastic events occurring in the vestibular nuclei (VN) during a post-lesion critical period are neural protection, structural reorganization and rebalance of VN activity on both sides. Data from animal models show that modulation of the ipsilesional VN activity by the contralateral drive substitutes for the normal push–pull mechanism. On the other hand, sensory and behavioural substitutions are the main mechanisms implicated in the recovery of the dynamic functions. These newly elaborated sensorimotor reorganizations are vicarious idiosyncratic strategies implicating the VN and multisensory brain regions. Imaging studies in unilateral vestibular loss patients show the implication of a large neuronal network (VN, commissural pathways, vestibulo-cerebellum, thalamus, temporoparietal cortex, hippocampus, somatosensory and visual cortical areas). Changes in gray matter volume in these multisensory brain regions are structural changes supporting the sensory substitution mechanisms of VC. Finally, the authors summarize the two ways to improve VC in humans (neuropharmacology and vestibular rehabilitation therapy), and they conclude that VC would follow a “top-down” strategy in patients with acute vestibular lesions. Future challenges to understand VC are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lacour
- Université Aix-Marseille/CNRS, UMR 7260, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Centre de St Charles, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 03, France. .,, 21 Impasse des Vertus, 13710, Fuveau, France.
| | - Christoph Helmchen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pierre-Paul Vidal
- Université Paris Descartes/CNRS, UMR-MD-SSA, COGNAC-G (COGNition and Action Group), 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
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Pialasse JP, Mercier P, Descarreaux M, Simoneau M. Assessment of sensorimotor control in adults with surgical correction for idiopathic scoliosis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2016; 25:3347-3352. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pialasse JP, Descarreaux M, Mercier P, Blouin J, Simoneau M. The Vestibular-Evoked Postural Response of Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis Is Altered. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143124. [PMID: 26580068 PMCID: PMC4651355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a multifactorial disorder including neurological factors. A dysfunction of the sensorimotor networks processing vestibular information could be related to spine deformation. This study investigates whether feed-forward vestibulomotor control or sensory reweighting mechanisms are impaired in adolescent scoliosis patients. Vestibular evoked postural responses were obtained using galvanic vestibular stimulation while participants stood with their eyes closed and head facing forward. Lateral forces under each foot and lateral displacement of the upper body of adolescents with mild (n = 20) or severe (n = 16) spine deformation were compared to those of healthy control adolescents (n = 16). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients demonstrated greater lateral displacement and net lateral forces than controls both during and immediately after vestibular stimulation. Altered sensory reweighting of vestibular and proprioceptive information changed balance control of AIS patients during and after vestibular stimulation. Therefore, scoliosis onset could be related to abnormal sensory reweighting, leading to altered sensorimotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Pialasse
- Faculté de médecine, Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Descarreaux
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Mercier
- Clinique d’Orthopédie Infantile de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Blouin
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives, FR 3C 3512, CNRS—Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Faculté de médecine, Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Direnberger S, Banchi R, Brosel S, Seebacher C, Laimgruber S, Uhl R, Felmy F, Straka H, Kunz L. Analysis of signal processing in vestibular circuits with a novel light-emitting diodes-based fluorescence microscope. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:1332-44. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Direnberger
- Department Biology II; Division of Neurobiology; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Grosshaderner Str. 2 Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
| | - Roberto Banchi
- Department Biology II; Division of Neurobiology; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Grosshaderner Str. 2 Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Sonja Brosel
- Department Biology II; Division of Neurobiology; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Grosshaderner Str. 2 Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
| | - Christian Seebacher
- Department Biology I; BioImaging Center; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Stefan Laimgruber
- Department Biology I; BioImaging Center; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Rainer Uhl
- Department Biology I; BioImaging Center; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Felix Felmy
- Department Biology II; Division of Neurobiology; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Grosshaderner Str. 2 Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
- Department Biology I; BioImaging Center; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II; Division of Neurobiology; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Grosshaderner Str. 2 Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
| | - Lars Kunz
- Department Biology II; Division of Neurobiology; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Grosshaderner Str. 2 Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
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Elliott KL, Houston DW, DeCook R, Fritzsch B. Ear manipulations reveal a critical period for survival and dendritic development at the single-cell level in Mauthner neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:1339-51. [PMID: 25787878 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Second-order sensory neurons are dependent on afferents from the sense organs during a critical period in development for their survival and differentiation. Past research has mostly focused on whole populations of neurons, hampering progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying these critical phases. To move toward a better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of afferent-dependent neuronal development, we developed a new model to study the effects of ear removal on a single identifiable cell in the hindbrain of a frog, the Mauthner cell. Ear extirpation at various stages of Xenopus laevis development defines a critical period of progressively-reduced dependency of Mauthner cell survival/differentiation on the ear afferents. Furthermore, ear removal results in a progressively decreased reduction in the number of dendritic branches. Conversely, addition of an ear results in an increase in the number of dendritic branches. These results suggest that the duration of innervation and the number of inner ear afferents play a quantitative role in Mauthner cell survival/differentiation, including dendritic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | | | - Rhonda DeCook
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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35
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Gaze holding after anterior-inferior temporal lobectomy. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1749-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Beyeler A, Rao G, Ladepeche L, Jacques A, Simmers J, Le Ray D. Vestibular lesion-induced developmental plasticity in spinal locomotor networks during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71013. [PMID: 23951071 PMCID: PMC3741378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During frog metamorphosis, the vestibular sensory system remains unchanged, while spinal motor networks undergo a massive restructuring associated with the transition from the larval to adult biomechanical system. We investigated in Xenopus laevis the impact of a pre- (tadpole stage) or post-metamorphosis (juvenile stage) unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) on young adult swimming performance and underlying spinal locomotor circuitry. The acute disruptive effects on locomotion were similar in both tadpoles and juvenile frogs. However, animals that had metamorphosed with a preceding UL expressed restored swimming behavior at the juvenile stage, whereas animals lesioned after metamorphosis never recovered. Whilst kinematic and electrophysiological analyses of the propulsive system showed no significant differences in either juvenile group, a 3D biomechanical simulation suggested that an asymmetry in the dynamic control of posture during swimming could account for the behavioral restoration observed in animals that had been labyrinthectomized before metamorphosis. This hypothesis was subsequently supported by in vivo electromyography during free swimming and in vitro recordings from isolated brainstem/spinal cord preparations. Specifically, animals lesioned prior to metamorphosis at the larval stage exhibited an asymmetrical propulsion/posture coupling as a post-metamorphic young adult. This developmental alteration was accompanied by an ipsilesional decrease in propriospinal coordination that is normally established in strict left-right symmetry during metamorphosis in order to synchronize dorsal trunk muscle contractions with bilateral hindlimb extensions in the swimming adult. Our data thus suggest that a disequilibrium in descending vestibulospinal information during Xenopus metamorphosis leads to an altered assembly of adult spinal locomotor circuitry. This in turn enables an adaptive compensation for the dynamic postural asymmetry induced by the vestibular imbalance and the restoration of functionally-effective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Beyeler
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS UMR 5287 (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Rao
- Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR 7287 (ISM), Marseille, France
| | | | - André Jacques
- Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR 7287 (ISM), Marseille, France
| | - John Simmers
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS UMR 5287 (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Le Ray
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS UMR 5287 (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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