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Yao Y, Muench M, Alle T, Zhang B, Lucero B, Perez-Tremble R, McGrosso D, Newman M, Gonzalez DJ, Lee VMY, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. A small-molecule microtubule-stabilizing agent safely reduces Aβ plaque and tau pathology in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4540-4558. [PMID: 38884283 PMCID: PMC11247666 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraneuronal inclusions composed of tau protein are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Tau normally binds microtubules (MTs), and its disengagement from MTs and misfolding in AD is thought to result in MT abnormalities. We previously identified triazolopyrimidine-containing MT-stabilizing compounds that provided benefit in AD mouse models and herein describe the characterization and efficacy testing of an optimized candidate, CNDR-51997. METHODS CNDR-51997 underwent pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety pharmacology, and mouse tolerability testing. In addition, the compound was examined for efficacy in 5XFAD amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque mice and PS19 tauopathy mice. RESULTS CNDR-51997 significantly reduced Aβ plaques in 5XFAD mice and tau pathology in PS19 mice, with the latter also showing attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis. CNDR-51997 was well tolerated at doses that exceeded efficacy doses, with a good safety pharmacology profile. DISCUSSION CNDR-51997 may be a candidate for advancement as a potential therapeutic agent for AD and/or other tauopathies. Highlights There is evidence of microtubule alterations (MT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and in mouse models of AD pathology. Intermittent dosing with an optimized, brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing small-molecule, CNDR-51997, reduced both Aβ plaque and tau inclusion pathology in established mouse models of AD. CNDR-51997 attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis in a tauopathy mouse model, with a strong trend toward reduced hippocampal neuron loss. CNDR-51997 is well tolerated in mice at doses that are meaningfully greater than required for efficacy in AD mouse models, and the compound has a good safety pharmacology profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Muench
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thibault Alle
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roxanne Perez-Tremble
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominic McGrosso
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mira Newman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hole KL, Zhu B, Huggon L, Brown JT, Mason JM, Williams RJ. Tau P301L disengages from the proteosome core complex and neurogranin coincident with enhanced neuronal network excitability. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:429. [PMID: 38890273 PMCID: PMC11189525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies are characterised by the pathological accumulation of misfolded tau. The emerging view is that toxic tau species drive synaptic dysfunction and potentially tau propagation before measurable neurodegeneration is evident, but the underlying molecular events are not well defined. Human non-mutated 0N4R tau (tauWT) and P301L mutant 0N4R tau (tauP301L) were expressed in mouse primary cortical neurons using adeno-associated viruses to monitor early molecular changes and synaptic function before the onset of neuronal loss. In this model tauP301L was differentially phosphorylated relative to tauwt with a notable increase in phosphorylation at ser262. Affinity purification - mass spectrometry combined with tandem mass tagging was used to quantitatively compare the tauWT and tauP301L interactomes. This revealed an enrichment of tauP301L with ribosomal proteins but a decreased interaction with the proteasome core complex and reduced tauP301L degradation. Differences in the interaction of tauP301L with members of a key synaptic calcium-calmodulin signalling pathway were also identified, most notably, increased association with CaMKII but reduced association with calcineurin and the candidate AD biomarker neurogranin. Decreased association of neurogranin to tauP301L corresponded with the appearance of enhanced levels of extracellular neurogranin suggestive of potential release or leakage from synapses. Finally, analysis of neuronal network activity using micro-electrode arrays showed that overexpression of tauP301L promoted basal hyperexcitability coincident with these changes in the tau interactome and implicating tau in specific early alterations in synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona L Hole
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bangfu Zhu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Laura Huggon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jon T Brown
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Yao D, Li T, Yu L, Hu M, He Y, Zhang R, Wu J, Li S, Kuang W, Yang X, Liu G, Xie Y. Selective degradation of hyperphosphorylated tau by proteolysis-targeting chimeras ameliorates cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1351792. [PMID: 38919259 PMCID: PMC11196765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1351792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Hyperphosphorylated tau plays an indispensable role in neuronal dysfunction and synaptic damage in AD. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a novel type of chimeric molecule that can degrade target proteins by inducing their polyubiquitination. This approach has shown promise for reducing tau protein levels, which is a potential therapeutic target for AD. Compared with traditional drug therapies, the use of PROTACs to reduce tau levels may offer a more specific and efficient strategy for treating AD, with fewer side effects. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a series of small-molecule PROTACs to knock down tau protein. Of these, compound C8 was able to lower both total and phosphorylated tau levels in HEK293 cells with stable expression of wild-type full-length human tau (termed HEK293-htau) and htau-overexpressed mice. Western blot findings indicated that C8 degraded tau protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome system in a time-dependent manner. In htau-overexpressed mice, the results of both the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests revealed that C8 markedly improved cognitive function. Together, our findings suggest that the use of the small-molecule PROTAC C8 to degrade phosphorylated tau may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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Xiong GJ, Sheng ZH. Presynaptic perspective: Axonal transport defects in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401145. [PMID: 38568173 PMCID: PMC10988239 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synapse assembly and maturation leads to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Presynaptic proteins are largely synthesized in the soma, where they are packaged into precursor vesicles and transported into distal axons to ensure precise assembly and maintenance of presynapses. Due to their morphological features, neurons face challenges in the delivery of presynaptic cargos to nascent boutons. Thus, targeted axonal transport is vital to build functional synapses. A growing number of mutations in genes encoding the transport machinery have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover presynaptic mechanisms underlying axonal transport defects, thus broadening the view of neurodevelopmental disorders beyond postsynaptic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss presynaptic perspectives of neurodevelopmental disorders by focusing on impaired axonal transport and disturbed assembly and maintenance of presynapses. We also discuss potential strategies for restoring axonal transport as an early therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dunning EE, Decourt B, Zawia NH, Shill HA, Sabbagh MN. Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Narrative Review. Neurol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40120-024-00614-9. [PMID: 38743312 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the deposition of misfolded and neurotoxic forms of tau protein in specific areas of the midbrain, basal ganglia, and cortex. It is one of the most representative forms of tauopathy. PSP presents in several different phenotypic variations and is often accompanied by the development of concurrent neurodegenerative disorders. PSP is universally fatal, and effective disease-modifying therapies for PSP have not yet been identified. Several tau-targeting treatment modalities, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and microtubule-stabilizing agents, have been investigated and have had no efficacy. The need to treat PSP and other tauopathies is critical, and many clinical trials investigating tau-targeted treatments are underway. In this review, the PubMed database was queried to collect information about preclinical and clinical research on PSP treatment. Additionally, the US National Library of Medicine's ClinicalTrials.gov website was queried to identify past and ongoing clinical trials relevant to PSP treatment. This narrative review summarizes our findings regarding these reports, which include potential disease-modifying drug trials, modifiable risk factor management, and symptom treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise E Dunning
- Creighton University School of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Boris Decourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Laboratory on Neurodegeneration and Translational Research, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Nasser H Zawia
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Holly A Shill
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Advani D, Kumar P. Uncovering Cell Cycle Dysregulations and Associated Mechanisms in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Glimpse of Hope for Repurposed Drugs. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04130-7. [PMID: 38532240 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The cell cycle is the sequence of events orchestrated by a complex network of cell cycle proteins. Unlike normal cells, mature neurons subsist in a quiescent state of the cell cycle, and aberrant cell cycle activation triggers neuronal death accompanied by neurodegeneration. The periodicity of cell cycle events is choreographed by various mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, oxidative stress, neurotrophin activity, and ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Given the relevance of cell cycle processes in cancer and neurodegeneration, this review delineates the overlapping cell cycle events, signaling pathways, and mechanisms associated with cell cycle aberrations in cancer and the major neurodegenerative disorders. We suggest that dysregulation of some common fundamental signaling processes triggers anomalous cell cycle activation in cancer cells and neurons. We discussed the possible use of cell cycle inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders and described the associated challenges. We propose that a greater understanding of the common mechanisms driving cell cycle aberrations in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders will open a new avenue for the development of repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Edwards GA, Wood CA, He Y, Nguyen Q, Kim PJ, Gomez-Gutierrez R, Park KW, Xu Y, Zurhellen C, Al-Ramahi I, Jankowsky JL. TMEM106B coding variant is protective and deletion detrimental in a mouse model of tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:61. [PMID: 38526616 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
TMEM106B is a risk modifier of multiple neurological conditions, where a single coding variant and multiple non-coding SNPs influence the balance between susceptibility and resilience. Two key questions that emerge from past work are whether the lone T185S coding variant contributes to protection, and if the presence of TMEM106B is helpful or harmful in the context of disease. Here, we address both questions while expanding the scope of TMEM106B study from TDP-43 to models of tauopathy. We generated knockout mice with constitutive deletion of TMEM106B, alongside knock-in mice encoding the T186S knock-in mutation (equivalent to the human T185S variant), and crossed both with a P301S transgenic tau model to study how these manipulations impacted disease phenotypes. We found that TMEM106B deletion accelerated cognitive decline, hind limb paralysis, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. TMEM106B deletion also increased transcriptional correlation with human AD and the functional pathways enriched in KO:tau mice aligned with those of AD. In contrast, the coding variant protected against tau-associated cognitive decline, synaptic impairment, neurodegeneration, and paralysis without affecting tau pathology. Our findings reveal that TMEM106B is a critical safeguard against tau aggregation, and that loss of this protein has a profound effect on sequelae of tauopathy. Our study further demonstrates that the coding variant is functionally relevant and contributes to neuroprotection downstream of tau pathology to preserve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Caleb A Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter J Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ruben Gomez-Gutierrez
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kyung-Won Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cody Zurhellen
- NeuroScience Associates, 10915 Lake Ridge Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37934, USA
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Verma H, Kaur S, Kaur S, Gangwar P, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Regulation of Synaptic Functions: Implications Toward Alzheimer's Disease and Phytochemicals-Based Interventions. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04053-3. [PMID: 38491338 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multifactorial disease, is characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. AD is triggered via several factors like alteration in cytoskeletal proteins, a mutation in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the cytoskeletal elements. Owing to the major structural and functional role of cytoskeletal elements, like the organization of axon initial segmentation, dendritic spines, synaptic regulation, and delivery of cargo at the synapse; modulation of these elements plays an important role in AD pathogenesis; like Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes the microtubules, and it also causes inhibition of nucleo-cytoplasmic transportation by disrupting the integrity of nuclear pore complex. One of the major cytoskeletal elements, actin and its dynamics, regulate the dendritic spine structure and functions; impairments have been documented towards learning and memory defects. The second major constituent of these cytoskeletal elements, microtubules, are necessary for the delivery of the cargo, like ion channels and receptors at the synaptic membranes, whereas actin-binding protein, i.e., Cofilin's activation form rod-like structures, is involved in the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs) observed in AD. Also, the glial cells rely on their cytoskeleton to maintain synaptic functionality. Thus, making cytoskeletal elements and their regulation in synaptic structure and function as an important aspect to be focused for better management and targeting AD pathology. This review advocates exploring phytochemicals and Ayurvedic plant extracts against AD by elucidating their neuroprotective mechanisms involving cytoskeletal modulation and enhancing synaptic plasticity. However, challenges include their limited bioavailability due to the poor solubility and the limited potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhakar Gangwar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
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Zhong MZ, Peng T, Duarte ML, Wang M, Cai D. Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38462606 PMCID: PMC10926682 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States (US). Animal models, specifically mouse models have been developed to better elucidate disease mechanisms and test therapeutic strategies for AD. A large portion of effort in the field was focused on developing transgenic (Tg) mouse models through over-expression of genetic mutations associated with familial AD (FAD) patients. Newer generations of mouse models through knock-in (KI)/knock-out (KO) or CRISPR gene editing technologies, have been developed for both familial and sporadic AD risk genes with the hope to more accurately model proteinopathies without over-expression of human AD genes in mouse brains. In this review, we summarized the phenotypes of a few commonly used as well as newly developed mouse models in translational research laboratories including the presence or absence of key pathological features of AD such as amyloid and tau pathology, synaptic and neuronal degeneration as well as cognitive and behavior deficits. In addition, advantages and limitations of these AD mouse models have been elaborated along with discussions of any sex-specific features. More importantly, the omics data from available AD mouse models have been analyzed to categorize molecular signatures of each model reminiscent of human AD brain changes, with the hope to guide future selection of most suitable models for specific research questions to be addressed in the AD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Peng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Science Research Program, Scarsdale High School, New York, NY, 10583, USA
| | - Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neurology, N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), The Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
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Tseng JH, Cohen TJ. The emerging nontraditional roles for tau in the brain. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:89-94. [PMID: 38063261 PMCID: PMC11068308 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Heng Tseng
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Todd J. Cohen
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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11
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Bai P, Yan W, Yang J. Cevipabulin induced abnormal tubulin protofilaments polymerization by binding to Vinblastine site and The Seventh site. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 38050908 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules, composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, are crucial targets for chemotherapeutic agents and possess eight binding sites. Our previous study identified cevipabulin as the only one agent capable of simultaneously binding to two different sites (Vinblastine site and The Seventh site). Binding to The Seventh site by cevipabulin induces tubulin degradation. This study aimed to investigate whether it is binding to the Vinblastine site and The Seventh site exhibited an interactive cellular effect. Surprisingly, we discovered that cevipabulin induced abnormal tubulin protofilaments polymerization, a previously undefined tubulin morphology, and we proved it was an interactive effect of Cevipabulin's binding to both Vinblastine site and The Seventh site. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy confirmed cevipabulin induced the formation of linear tubulin protofilaments and their subsequent aggregation into irregular tubulin aggregates. Competition binding assays and the αY224G mutation revealed that binding of cevipabulin to both sites was necessary for the tubulin protofilaments polymerization effect. Moreover, we found that co-treatment with a microtubule stabilization agent binding the Vinblastine site and a microtubule destabilization agent binding at the intra-dimer interface of tubulin could also induce similar tubulin protofilaments polymerization. We proposed a mechanism where a microtubule stabilization agent on the Vinblastine site enhances longitudinal interactions between tubulin dimers, while, a microtubule destabilization agent binding at the intra-dimer interface prevents the adoption of a straight conformation of the tubulin dimer and disrupts lateral interactions between tubulins, consequently leading to tubulin protofilaments polymerization. This study reported a new inhibitor-induced-tubulin-morphology-change and would provide insight into tubulin dynamic instability and also guide further study of cevipabulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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He C, Gu J, Wang D, Wang K, Wang Y, You Q, Wang L. Small molecules targeting molecular chaperones for tau regulation: Achievements and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115859. [PMID: 37839344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal post-translational modification of microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) is a prominent pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research has focused on designing small molecules to target Tau modification, aiming to restore microtubule stability and regulate Tau levels in vivo. However, progress has been hindered, and no effective Tau-targeted drugs have been successfully marketed, which urgently requires more strategies. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), especially Hsp90 and Hsp70, have been found to play a crucial role in Tau maturation and degradation. This review explores innovative approaches using small molecules that interact with the chaperone system to regulate Tau levels. We provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involving HSPs and their co-chaperones in the Tau regulation cycle. Additionally, we analyze small molecules targeting these chaperone systems to modulate Tau function. By understanding the characteristics of the molecular chaperone system and its specific impact on Tau, we aim to provide a perspective that seeks to regulate Tau levels through the manipulation of the molecular chaperone system and ultimately develop effective treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Keran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Bhoopal B, Gollapelli KK, Damuka N, Miller M, Krizan I, Bansode A, Register T, Frye BM, Kim J, Mintz A, Orr M, Craft S, Whitlow C, Lockhart SN, Shively CA, Solingapuram Sai KK. Preliminary PET Imaging of Microtubule-Based PET Radioligand [ 11C]MPC-6827 in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3745-3751. [PMID: 37724996 PMCID: PMC10966409 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) instability observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is commonly attributed to hyperphosphorylation of the MT-associated protein, tau. In vivo PET imaging offers an opportunity to gain critical information about MT changes with the onset and development of AD and related dementia. We developed the first brain-penetrant MT PET ligand, [11C]MPC-6827, and evaluated its in vivo imaging utility in vervet monkeys. Consistent with our previous in vitro cell uptake and in vivo rodent imaging experiments, [11C]MPC-6827 uptake increased with MT destabilization. Radioactive uptake was inversely related to (cerebrospinal fluid) CSF Aβ42 levels and directly related to age in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of AD. Additionally, in vitro autoradiography studies also corroborated PET imaging results. Here, we report the preliminary results of PET imaging with [11C]MPC-6827 in four female vervet monkeys with high or low CSF Aβ42 levels, which have been shown to correlate with the Aβ plaque burden, similar to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanachandra Bhoopal
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Krishna Kumar Gollapelli
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Avinash Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Thomas Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Brett M Frye
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Jeongchul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Miranda Orr
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Christopher Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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14
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Zhao X, Zeng W, Xu H, Sun Z, Hu Y, Peng B, McBride JD, Duan J, Deng J, Zhang B, Kim SJ, Zoll B, Saito T, Sasaguri H, Saido TC, Ballatore C, Yao H, Wang Z, Trojanowski JQ, Brunden KR, Lee VMY, He Z. A microtubule stabilizer ameliorates protein pathogenesis and neurodegeneration in mouse models of repetitive traumatic brain injury. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo6889. [PMID: 37703352 PMCID: PMC10787216 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Tau pathogenesis is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the events leading to initial tau misfolding and subsequent tau spreading in patient brains are largely unknown, traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a risk factor for tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Using a repetitive TBI (rTBI) paradigm, we report that rTBI induced somatic accumulation of phosphorylated and misfolded tau, as well as neurodegeneration across multiple brain areas in 7-month-old tau transgenic PS19 mice but not wild-type (WT) mice. rTBI accelerated somatic tau pathology in younger PS19 mice and WT mice only after inoculation with tau preformed fibrils and AD brain-derived pathological tau (AD-tau), respectively, suggesting that tau seeds are needed for rTBI-induced somatic tau pathology. rTBI further disrupted axonal microtubules and induced punctate tau and TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in the optic tracts of WT mice. These changes in the optic tract were associated with a decline of visual function. Treatment with a brain-penetrant microtubule-stabilizing molecule reduced rTBI-induced tau, TDP-43 pathogenesis, and neurodegeneration in the optic tract as well as visual dysfunction. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer also alleviated rTBI-induced tau pathology in the cortices of AD-tau-inoculated WT mice. These results indicate that rTBI facilitates abnormal microtubule organization, pathological tau formation, and neurodegeneration and suggest microtubule stabilization as a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zihan Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beibei Peng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jennifer D McBride
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiangtao Duan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bryan Zoll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haishan Yao
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhuohao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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15
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Edwards GA, Wood CA, Nguyen Q, Kim PJ, Gomez-Gutierrez R, Park KW, Zurhellen C, Al-Ramahi I, Jankowsky JL. TMEM106B coding variant is protective and deletion detrimental in a mouse model of tauopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.533978. [PMID: 36993574 PMCID: PMC10055407 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.533978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
TMEM106B is a risk modifier for a growing list of age-associated dementias including Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia, yet its function remains elusive. Two key questions that emerge from past work are whether the conservative T185S coding variant found in the minor haplotype contributes to protection, and whether the presence of TMEM106B is helpful or harmful in the context of disease. Here we address both issues while extending the testbed for study of TMEM106B from models of TDP to tauopathy. We show that TMEM106B deletion accelerates cognitive decline, hindlimb paralysis, neuropathology, and neurodegeneration. TMEM106B deletion also increases transcriptional overlap with human AD, making it a better model of disease than tau alone. In contrast, the coding variant protects against tau-associated cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and paralysis without affecting tau pathology. Our findings show that the coding variant contributes to neuroprotection and suggest that TMEM106B is a critical safeguard against tau aggregation.
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16
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Lin NH, Goh A, Lin SH, Chuang KA, Chang CH, Li MH, Lu CH, Chen WY, Wei PH, Pan IH, Perng MD, Wen SF. Neuroprotective Effects of a Multi-Herbal Extract on Axonal and Synaptic Disruption in Vitro and Cognitive Impairment in Vivo. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:51-76. [PMID: 36777330 PMCID: PMC9912829 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Current available therapeutics for AD have limited clinical benefit. Therefore, preventive therapies for interrupting the development of AD are critically needed. Molecules targeting multifunction to interact with various pathlogical components have been considered to improve the therapeutic efficiency of AD. In particular, herbal medicines with multiplicity of actions produce cognitive benefits on AD. Bugu-M is a multi-herbal extract composed of Ganoderma lucidum (Antler form), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Ziziphus jujuba Mill., and Dimocarpus longan, with the ability of its various components to confer resilience to cognitive deficits. Objective To evaluate the potential of Bugu-M on amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity and its in vitro mechanisms and on in vivo cognitive function. Methods We illustrated the effect of Bugu-M on Aβ25-35-evoked toxicity as well as its possible mechanisms to diminish the pathogenesis of AD in rat cortical neurons. For cognitive function studies, 2-month-old female 3×Tg-AD mice were administered 400 mg/kg Bugu-M for 30 days. Behavioral tests were performed to assess the efficacy of Bugu-M on cognitive impairment. Results In primary cortical neuronal cultures, Bugu-M mitigated Aβ-evoked toxicity by reducing cytoskeletal aberrations and axonal disruption, restoring presynaptic and postsynaptic protein expression, suppressing mitochondrial damage and apoptotic signaling, and reserving neurogenic and neurotrophic factors. Importantly, 30-day administration of Bugu-M effectively prevented development of cognitive impairment in 3-month-old female 3×Tg-AD mice. Conclusion Bugu-M might be beneficial in delaying the progression of AD, and thus warrants consideration for its preventive potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Angela Goh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Horng Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-An Chuang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Li
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsun Lu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yin Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Wei
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Perng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,
School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Correspondence to: Shu-Fang Wen, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35743946; E-mail: and Ming-Der Perng, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35742024; E-mail:
| | - Shu-Fang Wen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Correspondence to: Shu-Fang Wen, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35743946; E-mail: and Ming-Der Perng, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35742024; E-mail:
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17
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Alle T, Varricchio C, Yao Y, Lucero B, Nzou G, Demuro S, Muench M, Vuong KD, Oukoloff K, Cornec AS, Francisco KR, Caffrey CR, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Brancale A, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Microtubule-Stabilizing 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines as Candidate Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disease: Matched Molecular Pair Analyses and Computational Studies Reveal New Structure-Activity Insights. J Med Chem 2023; 66:435-459. [PMID: 36534051 PMCID: PMC9841533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-stabilizing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (TPDs) hold promise as candidate therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. However, depending on the choice of substituents around the TPD core, these compounds can elicit markedly different cellular phenotypes that likely arise from the interaction of TPD congeners with either one or two spatially distinct binding sites within tubulin heterodimers (i.e., the seventh site and the vinca site). In the present study, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of new TPD congeners, as well as matched molecular pair analyses and computational studies, that further elucidate the structure-activity relationships of MT-active TPDs. These studies led to the identification of novel MT-normalizing TPD candidates that exhibit favorable ADME-PK, including brain penetration and oral bioavailability, as well as brain pharmacodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Alle
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K.
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stefania Demuro
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Megan Muench
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Khoa D. Vuong
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Karol R. Francisco
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K.
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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18
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Bakrim S, Aboulaghras S, El Menyiy N, El Omari N, Assaggaf H, Lee LH, Montesano D, Gallo M, Zengin G, AlDhaheri Y, Bouyahya A. Phytochemical Compounds and Nanoparticles as Phytochemical Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease Management. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249043. [PMID: 36558176 PMCID: PMC9781052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains one of the most widespread neurodegenerative reasons for dementia worldwide and is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Therefore, it has been considered a priority for research. Indeed, several risk factors are involved in the complexity of the therapeutic ways of this pathology, including age, traumatic brain injury, genetics, exposure to aluminum, infections, diabetes, vascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is mostly associated with hyperphosphorylated protein in the neuronal cytoplasm and extracellular plaques of the insoluble β-amyloid peptide. Therefore, the management of this pathology needs the screening of drugs targeting different pathological levels, such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), amyloid β formation, and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Among the pharmacological strategies used for the management of Alzheimer's disease, natural drugs are considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Indeed, bioactive compounds isolated from different natural sources exhibit important anti-Alzheimer effects by their effectiveness in promoting neuroplasticity and protecting against neurodegeneration as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. These effects involve different sub-cellular, cellular, and/or molecular mechanisms, such as the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), the modulation of signaling pathways, and the inhibition of oxidative stress. Moreover, some nanoparticles were recently used as phytochemical delivery systems to improve the effects of phytochemical compounds against Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the present work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key advances concerning nano-drug delivery applications of phytochemicals for Alzheimer's disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Yusra AlDhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
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19
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Miryala CSJ, Holland ED, Dent EW. Contributions of microtubule dynamics and transport to presynaptic and postsynaptic functions. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103787. [PMID: 36252720 PMCID: PMC9838116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MT) are elongated, tubular, cytoskeletal structures formed from polymerization of tubulin dimers. They undergo continuous cycles of polymerization and depolymerization, primarily at their plus ends, termed dynamic instability. Although this is an intrinsic property of MTs, there are a myriad of MT-associated proteins that function in regulating MT dynamic instability and other dynamic processes that shape the MT array. Additionally, MTs assemble into long, semi-rigid structures which act as substrates for long-range, motor-driven transport of many different types of cargoes throughout the cell. Both MT dynamics and motor-based transport play important roles in the function of every known type of cell. Within the last fifteen years many groups have shown that MT dynamics and transport play ever-increasing roles in the neuronal function of mature neurons. Not only are neurons highly polarized cells, but they also connect with one another through synapses to form complex networks. Here we will focus on exciting studies that have illuminated how MTs function both pre-synaptically in axonal boutons and post-synaptically in dendritic spines. It is becoming clear that MT dynamics and transport both serve important functions in synaptic plasticity. Thus, it is not surprising that disruption of MTs, either through hyperstabilization or destabilization, has profound consequences for learning and memory. Together, the studies described here suggest that MT dynamics and transport play key roles in synaptic function and when disrupted result in compromised learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S. J. Miryala
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Elizabeth D. Holland
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Erik W. Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705,Corresponding Author: Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705,
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20
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Karimi N, Bayram Çatak F, Arslan E, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Tau immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Ramesh M, Govindaraju T. Multipronged diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13657-13689. [PMID: 36544728 PMCID: PMC9710308 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03932j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a major contributor to dementia cases worldwide. AD is clinically characterized by learning, memory, and cognitive deficits. The accumulation of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau are the pathological hallmarks of AD and are explored as targets for clinical diagnosis and therapy. AD pathology is poorly understood and there are no fully approved diagnosis and treatments. Notwithstanding the gap, decades of research in understanding disease mechanisms have revealed the multifactorial nature of AD. As a result, multipronged and holistic approaches are pertinent to targeting multiple biomarkers and targets for developing effective diagnosis and therapeutics. In this perspective, recent developments in Aβ and tau targeted diagnostic and therapeutic tools are discussed. Novel indirect, combination, and circulating biomarkers as potential diagnostic targets are highlighted. We underline the importance of multiplexing and multimodal detection of multiple biomarkers to generate biomarker fingerprints as a reliable diagnostic strategy. The classical therapeutics targeting Aβ and tau aggregation pathways are described with bottlenecks in the strategy. Drug discovery efforts targeting multifaceted toxicity involving protein aggregation, metal toxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and neuroinflammation are highlighted. Recent efforts focused on multipronged strategies to rationally design multifunctional modulators targeting multiple pathological factors are presented as future drug development strategies to discover potential therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru Karnataka 560064 India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur P.O. Bengaluru Karnataka 560064 India
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22
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Lucero EM, Freund RK, Smith A, Johnson NR, Dooling B, Sullivan E, Prikhodko O, Ahmed MM, Bennett DA, Hohman TJ, Dell’Acqua ML, Chial HJ, Potter H. Increased KIF11/ kinesin-5 expression offsets Alzheimer Aβ-mediated toxicity and cognitive dysfunction. iScience 2022; 25:105288. [PMID: 36304124 PMCID: PMC9593841 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that amyloid-beta (Aβ) competitively inhibits the kinesin motor protein KIF11 (Kinesin-5/Eg5), leading to defects in the microtubule network and in neurotransmitter and neurotrophin receptor localization and function. These biochemical and cell biological mechanisms for Aβ-induced neuronal dysfunction may underlie learning and memory defects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that KIF11 overexpression rescues Aβ-mediated decreases in dendritic spine density in cultured neurons and in long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. Furthermore, Kif11 overexpression from a transgene prevented spatial learning deficits in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Finally, increased KIF11 expression in neuritic plaque-positive AD patients' brains was associated with better cognitive performance and higher expression of synaptic protein mRNAs. Taken together, these mechanistic biochemical, cell biological, electrophysiological, animal model, and human data identify KIF11 as a key target of Aβ-mediated toxicity in AD, which damages synaptic structures and functions critical for learning and memory in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban M. Lucero
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Program for Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ronald K. Freund
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra Smith
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Noah R. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Breanna Dooling
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Program for Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olga Prikhodko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Md. Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark L. Dell’Acqua
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Heidi J. Chial
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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23
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Wendt S, Johnson S, Weilinger NL, Groten C, Sorrentino S, Frew J, Yang L, Choi HB, Nygaard HB, MacVicar BA. Simultaneous imaging of redox states in dystrophic neurites and microglia at Aβ plaques indicate lysosome accumulation not microglia correlate with increased oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102448. [PMID: 36037587 PMCID: PMC9440309 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inter-relationship between microglia dynamics and oxidative stress (Ox-stress) in dystrophic neurites (DNs) at Alzheimer's Disease (AD) plaques may contribute to the pathological changes in neurons. We developed new in vivo imaging strategies to combine EGFP expression in microglia with neuronal expression of genetically encoded ratiometric redox sensors (rogRFP2 or roGFP1), and immunohistochemistry to investigate how microglia influence Ox-stress at amyloid plaques in 5xFAD AD mice. By simultaneously imaging microglia morphology and neuronal Ox-stress over time in vivo and in fixed brains we found that microglia preferentially enwrapped DNs exhibiting the greatest degree of Ox-stress. After microglia were partially depleted with the CSF1 receptor antagonist PLX3397, Ox-stress in DNs increased in a manner that was inversely correlated to the extent of coverage of the adjacent Aβ plaques by the remaining microglia. These data suggest that microglia do not create Ox-stress at Aβ plaques but instead create protective barriers around Aβ plaques possibly reducing the spread of Aβ. Intracranial injection of Aβ was sufficient to induce neuronal Ox-stress suggesting it to be the initial trigger of Ox-stress generation. Although Ox-stress is increased in DNs, neuronal survival is enhanced following microglia depletion indicating complex and multifactorial roles of microglia with both neurotoxic and neuroprotective components. Increased Ox-stress of DNs was correlated with higher LAMP1 and ubiquitin immunoreactivity supporting proposed mechanistic links between lysosomal accumulation in DNs and their intrinsic generation of Ox-stress. Our results suggest protective as well as neurotoxic roles for microglia at plaques and that the generation of Ox-stress of DNs could intrinsically be generated via lysosomal disruption rather than by microglia. In Brief: Simultaneous imaging of microglia and neuronal Ox-stress revealed a double-edged role for microglia in 5xFAD mice. Plaque associated microglia were attracted to and enwrapped Aβ plaques as well as the most highly oxidized DNs. After partial depletion of microglia, DNs were larger with greater levels of Ox-stress. Despite increased Ox-stress after microglia removal neuronal survival improved. Greater Ox-stress was correlated with increased levels of LAMP1 and ubiquitin thereby linking lysosome accumulation and Ox-stress in DNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wendt
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Sora Johnson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nicholas L Weilinger
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher Groten
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stefano Sorrentino
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Frew
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lucy Yang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hyun B Choi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Haakon B Nygaard
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Karanth SD, Katsumata Y, Nelson PT, Fardo DW, McDowell JK, Schmitt FA, Kryscio RJ, Browning SR, Braithwaite D, Arnold SM, Abner EL. Cancer diagnosis is associated with a lower burden of dementia and less Alzheimer's-type neuropathology. Brain 2022; 145:2518-2527. [PMID: 35094057 PMCID: PMC9612796 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and Alzheimer's disease are common diseases in ageing populations. Previous research has reported a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease-type (amnestic) dementia among individuals with a diagnosis of cancer. Both cancer and amnestic dementia are prevalent and potentially lethal clinical syndromes. The current study was conducted to investigate the association of cancer diagnosis with neuropathological and cognitive features of dementia. Data were analysed from longitudinally evaluated participants in a community-based cohort study of brain ageing who came to autopsy at the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. These data were linked to the Kentucky Cancer Registry, a population-based state cancer surveillance system, to obtain cancer-related data. We examined the relationship between cancer diagnosis, clinical dementia diagnosis, Mini-Mental State Examination scores and neuropathological features using inverse probability weighting to address bias due to confounding and missing data. To address bias due to inclusion of participants with dementia at cohort baseline, we repeated all analyses restricted to the participants who were cognitively normal at baseline. Included participants (n = 785) had a mean ± standard deviation age of death of 83.8 ± 8.6 years; 60.1% were female. Cancer diagnosis was determined in 190 (24.2%) participants, and a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia was determined in 539 (68.7%). APOE ɛ4 allele dosage was lower among participants with cancer diagnosis compared to cancer-free participants overall (P = 0.0072); however, this association was not observed among those who were cognitively normal at baseline. Participants with cancer diagnosis had lower odds of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and higher cognitive test scores (e.g. Mini-Mental State Examination scores evaluated 6 and ≤2 years ante-mortem, P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Cancer diagnosis also associated with lower odds of higher Braak neurofibrillary tangle stages (III/IV) or (V/VI), moderate/frequent neuritic plaques, moderate/frequent diffuse plaques and moderate/severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy (all P < 0.05). By contrast, TDP-43, α-synuclein and cerebrovascular pathologies were not associated with cancer diagnosis. Cancer diagnosis was associated with a lower burden of Alzheimer's disease pathology and less cognitive impairment. These findings from a community-based cohort with neuropathological confirmation of substrates support the hypothesis that there is an inverse relationship between cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama D Karanth
- Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jaclyn K McDowell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Control Program, Kentucky Cancer Registry, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Steven R Browning
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Markey Cancer Control Program, Kentucky Cancer Registry, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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25
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Damuka N, Orr ME, Bansode AH, Krizan I, Miller M, Lee J, Macauley SL, Whitlow CT, Mintz A, Craft S, Solingapuram Sai KK. Preliminary mechanistic insights of a brain-penetrant microtubule imaging PET ligand in a tau-knockout mouse model. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35881263 PMCID: PMC9325934 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubules (MTs) are critical for cell structure, function, and survival. MT instability may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis as evidenced by persistent negative regulation (phosphorylation) of the neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau. Hyperphosphorylated tau, not bound to MTs, forms intraneuronal pathology that correlates with dementia and can be tracked using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The contribution of MT instability in AD remains unknown, though it may be more proximal to neuronal dysfunction than tau accumulation. Our lab reported the first brain-penetrant MT-based PET ligand, [11C]MPC-6827, and its PET imaging with this ligand in normal rodents and non-human primates demonstrated high brain uptake and excellent pharmacokinetics. Target engagement and mechanism of action using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo methods were evaluated here. METHODS In vitro cell uptake assay was performed in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with [11C]MPC-6827, with various MT stabilizing and destabilizing agents. To validate the in vitro results, wild type (WT) mice (n = 4) treated with a brain-penetrant MT stabilizing drug (EpoD) underwent microPET/CT brain imaging with [11C]MPC-6827. To determine the influence of tau protein on radiotracer binding in the absence of protein accumulation, we utilized tau knockout (KO) mice. In vivo microPET imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and autoradiography studies were performed in tau KO and WT mice (n = 6/group) with [11C]MPC-6827. Additionally, α, β, and acetylated tubulin levels in both brain samples were determined using commercially available cytoskeleton-based MT kit and capillary electrophoresis immunoblotting assays. RESULTS Cell uptake demonstrated higher radioactive uptake with MT destabilizing agents and lower uptake with stabilizing agents compared to untreated cells. Similarly, acute treatment with EpoD in WT mice decreased [11C]MPC-6827 brain uptake, assessed with microPET/CT imaging. Compared to WT mice, tau KO mice expressed significantly lower β tubulin, which contains the MPC-6827 binding domain, and modestly lower levels of acetylated α tubulin, indicative of unstable MTs. In vivo imaging revealed significantly higher [11C]MPC-6827 uptake in tau KOs than WT, particularly in AD-relevant brain regions known to express high levels of tau. Ex vivo post-PET biodistribution and autoradiography confirmed the in vivo results. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that [11C]MPC-6827 uptake inversely correlates with MT stability and may better reflect the absence of tau than total tubulin levels. Given the radiotracer binding does not require the presence of aggregated tau, we hypothesize that [11C]MPC-6827 may be particularly useful in preclinical stages of AD prior to tau deposition. Our study provides immediate clarity on high uptake of the MT-based radiotracer in AD brains, which directly informs clinical utility in MT/tau-based PET imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Avinash H. Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Jillian Lee
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | | | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
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26
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Lin H, Tang M, Ji C, Girardi P, Cvetojevic G, Chen D, Koren SA, Johnson GVW. BAG3 Regulation of RAB35 Mediates the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/Endolysosome Pathway and Tau Clearance. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:10-24. [PMID: 35000752 PMCID: PMC9085972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declining proteostasis with aging contributes to increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging studies implicate impairment of the endosome-lysosome pathway as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that BAG3 regulates phosphorylated tau clearance. However, we did not fully define how BAG3 regulates endogenous tau proteostasis, especially in the early stages of disease progression. METHODS Mass spectrometric analyses were performed to identify neuronal BAG3 interactors. Multiple biochemical assays were used to investigate the BAG3-HSP70-TBC1D10B (EPI64B)-RAB35-HRS regulatory networks. Live-cell imaging was used to study the dynamics of the endosomal pathway. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed in human AD brains and in P301S tau transgenic mice with BAG3 overexpressed. RESULTS The primary group of neuronal BAG3 interactors identified are involved in the endocytic pathway. Among them were key regulators of small GTPases, such as the RAB35 GTPase-activating protein TBC1D10B. We demonstrated that a BAG3-HSP70-TBC1D10B complex attenuates the ability of TBC1D10B to inactivate RAB35. Thus, BAG3 interacts with TBC1D10B to support the activation of RAB35 and recruitment of HRS, initiating endosomal sorting complex required for transport-mediated endosomal tau clearance. Furthermore, TBC1D10B shows significantly less colocalization with BAG3 in AD brains than in age-matched controls. Overexpression of BAG3 in P301S tau transgenic mice increased the colocalization of phosphorylated tau with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III protein CHMP2B and reduced the levels of the mutant human tau. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel BAG3-TBC1D10B-RAB35 regulatory axis that modulates endosomal sorting complex required for transport-dependent protein degradation machinery and tau clearance. Dysregulation of BAG3 could contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gail V. W. Johnson
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Gail V.W. Johnson, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 604, Rochester, NY 14642, , +1-585-276-3740 (voice)
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27
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Nishioka C, Liang HF, Ong S, Sun SW. Axonal transport impairment and its relationship with diffusion tensor imaging metrics of a murine model of p301L tau induced tauopathy. Neuroscience 2022; 498:144-154. [PMID: 35753531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Manganese Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) are noninvasive tools to characterize neural fiber microstructure and axonal transport. A combination of both may provide novel insights into the progress of neurodegeneration. To investigate the relationship of DTI and MEMRI in white matter of tauopathy, twelve optic nerves of 11-month-old p301L tau mice were imaged and finished with postmortem immunohistochemistry. MEMRI was used to quantify Mn2+ accumulation rates in the optic nerve (ON, termed ONAR) and the Superior Colliculus (SC, termed SCAR), the primary terminal site of ON in mice. We found that both ONAR and SCAR revealed a significant linear correlation with mean diffusion (mD) and radial diffusion (rD) but not with other DTI quantities. Immunohistochemistry findings showed that ONAR, mD, and rD are significantly correlated with the myelin content (Myelin Basic Protein, p < 0.05) but not with the axonal density (SMI-31), tubulin density, or tau aggregates (AT8 staining). In summary, slower axonal transport appeared to have less myelinated axons and thinner remaining axons, associated with reduced rD and mD of in vivo DTI. A combination of in vivo MEMRI and DTI can provide critical information to delineate the progress of white matter deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nishioka
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Hsiao-Fang Liang
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Ong
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States; Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health (RWJBH) and Rutgers University, United States
| | - Shu-Wei Sun
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.
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Coughlin DG, Litvan I. Investigational therapeutics for the treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:813-823. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2087179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G Coughlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, 92093, CA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, 92093, CA
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29
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Herwerth M, Kenet S, Schifferer M, Winkler A, Weber M, Snaidero N, Wang M, Lohrberg M, Bennett JL, Stadelmann C, Hemmer B, Misgeld T. A new form of axonal pathology in a spinal model of neuromyelitis optica. Brain 2022; 145:1726-1742. [PMID: 35202467 PMCID: PMC9166560 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease, which primarily targets astrocytes and often results in severe axon injury of unknown mechanism. Neuromyelitis optica patients harbour autoantibodies against the astrocytic water channel protein, aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG), which induce complement-mediated astrocyte lysis and subsequent axon damage. Using spinal in vivo imaging in a mouse model of such astrocytopathic lesions, we explored the mechanism underlying neuromyelitis optica-related axon injury. Many axons showed a swift and morphologically distinct 'pearls-on-string' transformation also readily detectable in human neuromyelitis optica lesions, which especially affected small calibre axons independently of myelination. Functional imaging revealed that calcium homeostasis was initially preserved in this 'acute axonal beading' state, ruling out disruption of the axonal membrane, which sets this form of axon injury apart from previously described forms of traumatic and inflammatory axon damage. Morphological, pharmacological and genetic analyses showed that AQP4-IgG-induced axon injury involved osmotic stress and ionic overload, but does not appear to use canonical pathways of Wallerian-like degeneration. Subcellular analysis demonstrated remodelling of the axonal cytoskeleton in beaded axons, especially local loss of microtubules. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer epothilone, a putative therapy approach for traumatic and degenerative axonopathies, prevented axonal beading, while destabilizing microtubules sensitized axons for beading. Our results reveal a distinct form of immune-mediated axon pathology in neuromyelitis optica that mechanistically differs from known cascades of post-traumatic and inflammatory axon loss, and suggest a new strategy for neuroprotection in neuromyelitis optica and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Herwerth
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Winkler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Weber
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Lohrberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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30
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Terry AV, Beck WD, Lin PC, Callahan PM, Rudic RD, Hamrick MW. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging method detects age-related impairments in axonal transport in mice and attenuation of the impairments by a microtubule-stabilizing compound. Brain Res 2022; 1789:147947. [PMID: 35597325 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study a manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) method was developed for mice for measuring axonal transport (AXT) rates in real time in olfactory receptor neurons, which project from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory neuronal layer of the olfactory bulb. Using this MEMRI method, two major experiments were conducted: 1) an evaluation of the effects of age on AXT rates and 2) an evaluation of the brain-penetrant, microtubule-stabilizing agent, Epothilone D for effect on AXT rates in aged mice. In these studies, we improved upon previous MEMRI approaches to develop a method where real-time measurements (32 time points) of AXT rates in mice can be determined over a single (approximately 100 min) scanning session. In the age comparisons, AXT rates were significantly higher in young (mean age ∼4.0 months old) versus aged (mean age ∼24.5 months old) mice. Moreover, in aged mice, eight weeks of treatment with Epothilone D, (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) was associated with statistically significant increases in AXT rates compared to vehicle-treated subjects. These experiments conducted in a living mammalian model (i.e., wild type, C57BL/6 mice), using a new modified MEMRI method, thus provide further evidence that the process of aging leads to decreases in AXT rates in the brain and they further support the argument that microtubule-based therapeutic strategies designed to improve AXT rates have potential for age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| | - Wayne D Beck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Research Computing Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Patrick M Callahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - R Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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Jabali A, Hoffrichter A, Uzquiano A, Marsoner F, Wilkens R, Siekmann M, Bohl B, Rossetti AC, Horschitz S, Koch P, Francis F, Ladewig J. Human cerebral organoids reveal progenitor pathology in EML1-linked cortical malformation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54027. [PMID: 35289477 PMCID: PMC9066063 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malformations of human cortical development (MCD) can cause severe disabilities. The lack of human‐specific models hampers our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the intricate processes leading to MCD. Here, we use cerebral organoids derived from patients and genome edited‐induced pluripotent stem cells to address pathophysiological changes associated with a complex MCD caused by mutations in the echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 1 (EML1) gene. EML1‐deficient organoids display ectopic neural rosettes at the basal side of the ventricular zone areas and clusters of heterotopic neurons. Single‐cell RNA sequencing shows an upregulation of basal radial glial (RG) markers and human‐specific extracellular matrix components in the ectopic cell population. Gene ontology and molecular analyses suggest that ectopic progenitor cells originate from perturbed apical RG cell behavior and yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1)‐triggered expansion. Our data highlight a progenitor origin of EML1 mutation‐induced MCD and provide new mechanistic insight into the human disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Jabali
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffrichter
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Uzquiano
- INSERM U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marsoner
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruven Wilkens
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Siekmann
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Bohl
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea C Rossetti
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Horschitz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Julia Ladewig
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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32
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Sen S, Lagas S, Roy A, Kumar H. Cytoskeleton saga: Its regulation in normal physiology and modulation in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:175001. [PMID: 35525310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells are fundamental units of life. To ensure the maintenance of homeostasis, integrity of structural and functional counterparts is needed to be essentially balanced. The cytoskeleton plays a vital role in regulating the cellular morphology, signalling and other factors involved in pathological conditions. Microtubules, actin (microfilaments), intermediate filaments (IF) and their interactions are required for these activities. Various proteins associated with these components are primary requirements for directing their functions. Disruption of this organization due to faulty genetics, oxidative stress or impaired transport mechanisms are the major causes of dysregulated signalling cascades leading to various pathological conditions like Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) or any traumatic injury like spinal cord injury (SCI). Novel or conventional therapeutic approaches may be specific or non-specific, targeting either three basic components of the cytoskeleton or various cascades that serve as a cue to numerous pathways like ROCK signalling or the GSK-3β pathway. An enormous number of drugs have been redirected for modulating the cytoskeletal dynamics and thereby may pave the way for inhibiting the progression of these diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santimoy Sen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sheetal Lagas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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33
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Brody AH, Nies SH, Guan F, Smith LM, Mukherjee B, Salazar SA, Lee S, Lam TKT, Strittmatter SM. Alzheimer risk gene product Pyk2 suppresses tau phosphorylation and phenotypic effects of tauopathy. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:32. [PMID: 35501917 PMCID: PMC9063299 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation at the PTK2B locus encoding the protein Pyk2 influences Alzheimer's disease risk. Neurons express Pyk2 and the protein is required for Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide driven deficits of synaptic function and memory in mouse models, but Pyk2 deletion has minimal effect on neuro-inflammation. Previous in vitro data suggested that Pyk2 activity might enhance GSK3β-dependent Tau phosphorylation and be required for tauopathy. Here, we examine the influence of Pyk2 on Tau phosphorylation and associated pathology. METHODS The effect of Pyk2 on Tau phosphorylation was examined in cultured Hek cells through protein over-expression and in iPSC-derived human neurons through pharmacological Pyk2 inhibition. PS19 mice overexpressing the P301S mutant of human Tau were employed as an in vivo model of tauopathy. Phenotypes of PS19 mice with a targeted deletion of Pyk2 expression were compared with PS19 mice with intact Pyk2 expression. Phenotypes examined included Tau phosphorylation, Tau accumulation, synapse loss, gliosis, proteomic profiling and behavior. RESULTS Over-expression experiments from Hek293T cells indicated that Pyk2 contributed to Tau phosphorylation, while iPSC-derived human neuronal cultures with endogenous protein levels supported the opposite conclusion. In vivo, multiple phenotypes of PS19 were exacerbated by Pyk2 deletion. In Pyk2-null PS19 mice, Tau phosphorylation and accumulation increased, mouse survival decreased, spatial memory was impaired and hippocampal C1q deposition increased relative to PS19 littermate controls. Proteomic profiles of Pyk2-null mouse brain revealed that several protein kinases known to interact with Tau are regulated by Pyk2. Endogenous Pyk2 suppresses LKB1 and p38 MAPK activity, validating one potential pathway contributing to increased Tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS The absence of Pyk2 results in greater mutant Tau-dependent phenotypes in PS19 mice, in part via increased LKB1 and MAPK activity. These data suggest that in AD, while Pyk2 activity mediates Aβ-driven deficits, Pyk2 suppresses Tau-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harrison Brody
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Helena Nies
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fulin Guan
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Levi M Smith
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bandhan Mukherjee
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Santiago A Salazar
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suho Lee
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tu Kiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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34
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Dorigatti AO, Riordan R, Yu Z, Ross G, Wang R, Reynolds-Lallement N, Magnusson K, Galvan V, Perez VI. Brain cellular senescence in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2022; 44:1157-1168. [PMID: 35249206 PMCID: PMC9135905 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells contributes to aging pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, and its selective removal improves physiological and cognitive function in wild-type mice as well as in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. AD models recapitulate some, but not all components of disease and do so at different rates. Whether brain cellular senescence is recapitulated in some or all AD models and whether the emergence of cellular senescence in AD mouse models occurs before or after the expected onset of AD-like cognitive deficits in these models are not yet known. The goal of this study was to identify mouse models of AD and AD-related dementias that develop measurable markers of cellular senescence in brain and thus may be useful to study the role of cellular senescence in these conditions. We measured the levels of cellular senescence markers in the brains of P301S(PS19), P301L, hTau, and 3xTg-AD mice that model amyloidopathy and/or tauopathy in AD and related dementias and in wild-type, age-matched control mice for each strain. Expression of cellular senescence markers in brains of transgenic P301L and 3xTg-AD mice was largely indistinguishable from that in WT control age-matched mice. In contrast, markers of cellular senescence were differentially increased in brains of transgenic hTau and P301S(PS19) mice as compared to WT control mice before the onset of AD-like cognitive deficits. Taken together, our data suggest that P301S(PS19) and hTau mice may be useful models for the study of brain cellular senescence in tauopathies including, but not limited to, AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela O Dorigatti
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruben Riordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Grace Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Nadjalisse Reynolds-Lallement
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Kathy Magnusson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd, BMSB 853, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Viviana I Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 351 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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35
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Dias MS, Luo X, Ribas VT, Petrs-Silva H, Koch JC. The Role of Axonal Transport in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073935. [PMID: 35409291 PMCID: PMC8999615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and leads to progressive vision loss. The first pathological signs can be seen at the optic nerve head (ONH), the structure where RGC axons leave the retina to compose the optic nerve. Besides damage of the axonal cytoskeleton, axonal transport deficits at the ONH have been described as an important feature of glaucoma. Axonal transport is essential for proper neuronal function, including transport of organelles, synaptic components, vesicles, and neurotrophic factors. Impairment of axonal transport has been related to several neurodegenerative conditions. Studies on axonal transport in glaucoma include analysis in different animal models and in humans, and indicate that its failure happens mainly in the ONH and early in disease progression, preceding axonal and somal degeneration. Thus, a better understanding of the role of axonal transport in glaucoma is not only pivotal to decipher disease mechanisms but could also enable early therapies that might prevent irreversible neuronal damage at an early time point. In this review we present the current evidence of axonal transport impairment in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and summarize the methods employed to evaluate transport in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santana Dias
- Intermediate Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Xiaoyue Luo
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Vinicius Toledo Ribas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Hilda Petrs-Silva
- Intermediate Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Jan Christoph Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Soliman A, Bakota L, Brandt R. Microtubule-modulating Agents in the Fight Against Neurodegeneration: Will it ever Work? Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:782-798. [PMID: 34852744 PMCID: PMC9878958 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule skeleton plays an essential role in nerve cells as the most important structural determinant of morphology and as a highway for axonal transport processes. Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by changes in the structure and organization of microtubules and microtubule-regulating proteins such as the microtubule-associated protein tau, which exhibits characteristic changes in a whole class of diseases collectively referred to as tauopathies. Changes in the dynamics of microtubules appear to occur early under neurodegenerative conditions and are also likely to contribute to age-related dysfunction of neurons. Thus, modulating microtubule dynamics and correcting impaired microtubule stability can be a useful neuroprotective strategy to counteract the disruption of the microtubule system in disease and aging. In this article, we review current microtubule- directed approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with microtubules as a drug target, tau as a drug target, and post-translational modifications as potential modifiers of the microtubule system. We discuss limitations of the approaches that can be traced back to the rather unspecific mechanism of action, which causes undesirable side effects in non-neuronal cell types or which are due to the disruption of non-microtubule-related interactions. We also develop some thoughts on how the specificity of the approaches can be improved and what further targets could be used for modulating substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Soliman
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany;,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany;,Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Tel: +49 541 969 2338; E-mail:
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37
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Eshraghi M, Ahmadi M, Afshar S, Lorzadeh S, Adlimoghaddam A, Rezvani Jalal N, West R, Dastghaib S, Igder S, Torshizi SRN, Mahmoodzadeh A, Mokarram P, Madrakian T, Albensi BC, Łos MJ, Ghavami S, Pecic S. Enhancing autophagy in Alzheimer's disease through drug repositioning. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108171. [PMID: 35304223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the biggest human health threats due to increases in aging of the global population. Unfortunately, drugs for treating AD have been largely ineffective. Interestingly, downregulation of macroautophagy (autophagy) plays an essential role in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, targeting autophagy has drawn considerable attention as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. However, developing new therapeutics is time-consuming and requires huge investments. One of the strategies currently under consideration for many diseases is "drug repositioning" or "drug repurposing". In this comprehensive review, we have provided an overview of the impact of autophagy on AD pathophysiology, reviewed the therapeutics that upregulate autophagy and are currently used in the treatment of other diseases, including cancers, and evaluated their repurposing as a possible treatment option for AD. In addition, we discussed the potential of applying nano-drug delivery to neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, to overcome the challenge of crossing the blood brain barrier and specifically target molecules/pathways of interest with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada
| | | | - Ryan West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, United States of America
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Igder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; Nova Southeastern Univ. College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, United States of America; University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, United States of America.
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Peña-Ortega F, Robles-Gómez ÁA, Xolalpa-Cueva L. Microtubules as Regulators of Neural Network Shape and Function: Focus on Excitability, Plasticity and Memory. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060923. [PMID: 35326374 PMCID: PMC8946818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal microtubules (MTs) are complex cytoskeletal protein arrays that undergo activity-dependent changes in their structure and function as a response to physiological demands throughout the lifespan of neurons. Many factors shape the allostatic dynamics of MTs and tubulin dimers in the cytosolic microenvironment, such as protein–protein interactions and activity-dependent shifts in these interactions that are responsible for their plastic capabilities. Recently, several findings have reinforced the role of MTs in behavioral and cognitive processes in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional relationships between MTs dynamics, neuronal processes, and brain and behavioral states. The outcomes of manipulating the dynamicity of MTs by genetic or pharmacological approaches on neuronal morphology, intrinsic and synaptic excitability, the state of the network, and behaviors are heterogeneous. We discuss the critical position of MTs as responders and adaptative elements of basic neuronal function whose impact on brain function is not fully understood, and we highlight the dilemma of artificially modulating MT dynamics for therapeutic purposes.
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Microtubule Organization Is Essential for Maintaining Cellular Morphology and Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1623181. [PMID: 35295719 PMCID: PMC8920689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1623181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers essential for a wide range of cellular physiologies, such as acting as directional railways for intracellular transport and position, guiding chromosome segregation during cell division, and controlling cell polarity and morphogenesis. Evidence has established that maintaining microtubule (MT) stability in neurons is vital for fundamental cellular and developmental processes, such as neurodevelopment, degeneration, and regeneration. To fulfill these diverse functions, the nervous system employs an arsenal of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to control MT organization and function. Subsequent studies have identified that the disruption of MT function in neurons is one of the most prevalent and important pathological features of traumatic nerve damage and neurodegenerative diseases and that this disruption manifests as a reduction in MT polymerization and concomitant deregulation of the MT cytoskeleton, as well as downregulation of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) expression. A variety of MT-targeting agents that reverse this pathological condition, which is regarded as a therapeutic opportunity to intervene the onset and development of these nervous system abnormalities, is currently under development. Here, we provide an overview of the MT-intrinsic organization process and how MAPs interact with the MT cytoskeleton to promote MT polymerization, stabilization, and bundling. We also highlight recent advances in MT-targeting therapeutic agents applied to various neurological disorders. Together, these findings increase our current understanding of the function and regulation of MT organization in nerve growth and regeneration.
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40
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Wordeman L, Vicente JJ. Microtubule Targeting Agents in Disease: Classic Drugs, Novel Roles. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225650. [PMID: 34830812 PMCID: PMC8616087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) represent one of the most successful first-line therapies prescribed for cancer treatment. They interfere with microtubule (MT) dynamics by either stabilizing or destabilizing MTs, and in culture, they are believed to kill cells via apoptosis after eliciting mitotic arrest, among other mechanisms. This classical view of MTA therapies persisted for many years. However, the limited success of drugs specifically targeting mitotic proteins, and the slow growing rate of most human tumors forces a reevaluation of the mechanism of action of MTAs. Studies from the last decade suggest that the killing efficiency of MTAs arises from a combination of interphase and mitotic effects. Moreover, MTs have also been implicated in other therapeutically relevant activities, such as decreasing angiogenesis, blocking cell migration, reducing metastasis, and activating innate immunity to promote proinflammatory responses. Two key problems associated with MTA therapy are acquired drug resistance and systemic toxicity. Accordingly, novel and effective MTAs are being designed with an eye toward reducing toxicity without compromising efficacy or promoting resistance. Here, we will review the mechanism of action of MTAs, the signaling pathways they affect, their impact on cancer and other illnesses, and the promising new therapeutic applications of these classic drugs.
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Santiago-Mujika E, Luthi-Carter R, Giorgini F, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Tubulin and Tubulin Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:730107. [PMID: 34776926 PMCID: PMC8586541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.730107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two most common forms of dementia in older people. Although these two dementia types differ in their etiology, they share many pathophysiological and morphological features, including neuronal loss, which is associated with the microtubule (MT) destabilization. Stabilization of MTs is achieved in different ways: through interactions with MT binding proteins (MTBP) or by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tubulin. Polyglutamylation and tyrosination are two foremost PTMs that regulate the interaction between MTs and MTBPs, and play, therefore, a role in neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize key information on tubulin PTMs in relation to AD and VaD and address the importance of studying further the tubulin code to reveal sites of potential intervention in development of novel and effective dementia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Santiago-Mujika
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Evington Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Investigating Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease by Systems Biology Approaches for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011280. [PMID: 34681938 PMCID: PMC8540696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorder. Abnormal aggregations of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and unusual accumulations of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are two important pathological features in AD brains. However, in spite of large-scale clinical studies and computational simulations, the molecular mechanisms of AD development and progression are still unclear. In this study, we divided all of the samples into two groups: early stage (Braak score I-III) and later stage (Braak score IV-VI). By big database mining, the candidate genetic and epigenetic networks (GEN) have been constructed. In order to find out the real GENs for two stages of AD, we performed systems identification and system order detection scheme to prune false positives with the help of corresponding microarray data. Applying the principal network projection (PNP) method, core GENs were extracted from real GENs based on the projection values. By the annotation of KEGG pathway, we could obtain core pathways from core GENs and investigate pathogenetic mechanisms for the early and later stage of AD, respectively. Consequently, according to pathogenetic mechanisms, several potential biomarkers are identified as drug targets for multiple-molecule drug design in the treatment of AD.
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Wang L, Liu M, Gao J, Smith AM, Fujioka H, Liang J, Perry G, Wang X. Mitochondrial Fusion Suppresses Tau Pathology-Induced Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1057-1069. [PMID: 34602490 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of mitochondrial fission and fusion, dynamic processes known to be essential for various aspects of mitochondrial function, have repeatedly been reported to be altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurofibrillary tangles are known as a hallmark feature of AD and are commonly considered a likely cause of neurodegeneration in this devastating disease. OBJECTIVE To understand the pathological role of mitochondrial dynamics in the context of tauopathy. METHODS The widely used P301S transgenic mice of tauopathy (P301S mice) were crossed with transgenic TMFN mice with the forced expression of Mfn2 specifically in neurons to obtain double transgenic P301S/TMFN mice. Brain tissues from 11-month-old non-transgenic (NTG), TMFN, P301S, and P301S/TMFN mice were analyzed by electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, immunoblot, histological staining, and immunostaining for mitochondria, tau pathology, and tau pathology-induced neurodegeneration and gliosis. The cognitive function was assessed by the Barnes maze. RESULTS P301S mice exhibited mitochondrial fragmentation and a consistent decrease in Mfn2 compared to age-matched NTG mice. When P301S mice were crossed with TMFN mice (P301S/TMFN mice), neuronal loss, as well as mitochondria fragmentation were significantly attenuated. Greatly alleviated tau hyperphosphorylation, filamentous aggregates, and thioflavin-S positive tangles were also noted in P301S/TMFN mice. Furthermore, P301S/TMFN mice showed marked suppression of neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance in contrast to P301S mice. CONCLUSION These in vivo findings suggest that promoted mitochondrial fusion suppresses toxic tau accumulation and associated neurodegeneration, which may protect against the progression of AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neurosciences, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neurosciences, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amber M Smith
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neurosciences, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Imbimbo BP, Ippati S, Watling M, Balducci C. A critical appraisal of tau-targeting therapies for primary and secondary tauopathies. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1008-1037. [PMID: 34533272 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary tauopathies are neurological disorders in which tau protein deposition is the predominant pathological feature. Alzheimer's disease is a secondary tauopathy with tau forming hyperphosphorylated insoluble aggregates. Tau pathology can propagate from region to region in the brain, while alterations in tau processing may impair tau physiological functions. METHODS We reviewed literature on tau biology and anti-tau drugs using PubMed, meeting abstracts, and ClnicalTrials.gov. RESULTS The past 15 years have seen >30 drugs interfering with tau aggregation, processing, and accumulation reaching the clinic. Initial results with tau aggregation inhibitors and anti-tau monoclonal antibodies have not shown clinical efficacy. DISCUSSION The reasons for these clinical failures are unclear but could be linked to the clearing of physiological forms of tau by non-specific drugs. Research is now concentrating efforts on developing reliable translational animal models and selective compounds targeting specific tau epitopes, neurotoxic tau aggregates, and post-translational tau modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research & Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Ippati
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Watling
- CNS & Pain Department, TranScrip Ltd, Reading, UK
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Sharma A, Anand JS, Kumar Y. Immunotherapeutics for AD: A Work in Progress. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:752-765. [PMID: 34477533 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210903101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), often called the 'Plague of the 21st Century,' is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the degeneration and death of neurons. Multiple factors, such as genetic defects, epigenetic regulations, environmental factors, or cerebrovascular damage, are a manifestation of the neurodegenerative process that begins to occur decades before the onset of disease. To date, no treatment or therapeutic strategy has proven to be potent in inhibiting its progress or reversing the effects of the disease. The ever-increasing numbers and lack of sufficient therapies that can control or reverse the effects of the disease have propelled research in the direction of devising efficient therapeutic strategies for AD. This review comprehensively discusses the active and passive immunotherapies against Amyloid-β and Tau protein, which remain the popular choice of targets for AD therapeutics. Some of the prospective immunotherapies against Aβ plaques have failed due to various reasons. Much of the research is focused on targeting Tau, specifically, targeting the mid-region of extracellular Tau due to their potential to prevent seeding and hence the spread of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Thus, there is a need to thoroughly understand the disease onset mechanisms and discover effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering (BSE), Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Jaspreet Singh Anand
- University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Yatender Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering (BSE), Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078, India
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Przewodowska D, Marzec W, Madetko N. Novel Therapies for Parkinsonian Syndromes-Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:720220. [PMID: 34512258 PMCID: PMC8427499 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.720220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atypical parkinsonian syndromes are rare, fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal protein accumulation in the brain. Examples of these syndromes include progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal degeneration. A common clinical feature in parkinsonism is a limited improvement with levodopa. So far, there are no disease-modifying treatments to address these conditions, and therapy is only limited to the alleviation of symptoms. Diagnosis is devastating for patients, as prognosis is extremely poor, and the disease tends to progress rapidly. Currently, potential causes and neuropathological mechanisms involved in these diseases are being widely investigated. Objectives: The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances and gather emerging disease-modifying therapies that could slow the progression of atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched regarding novel perspectives for atypical parkinsonism treatment. The following medical subject headings were used: "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-therapy," "treatment of atypical parkinsonian syndromes," "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-clinical trial," "therapy of tauopathy," "alpha-synucleinopathy treatment," "PSP therapy/treatment," "CBD therapy/treatment," "MSA therapy/treatment," and "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-disease modifying." All search results were manually reviewed prior to inclusion in this review. Results: Neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia activation, proteasomal impairment, and oxidative stress play a role in the neurodegenerative process. Ongoing studies and clinical trials target these components in order to suppress toxic protein accumulation. Various approaches such as stem cell therapy, anti-aggregation/anti-phosphorylation agent administration, or usage of active and passive immunization appear to have promising results. Conclusion: Presently, disease-modifying strategies for atypical parkinsonian syndromes are being actively explored, with encouraging preliminary results. This leads to an assumption that developing accurate, safe, and progression-halting treatment is not far off. Nevertheless, the further investigation remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przewodowska
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Marzec
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Yang Y, Chen X, Feng Z, Cai X, Zhu X, Cao M, Yang L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Feng H. MEC17-induced α-tubulin acetylation restores mitochondrial transport function and alleviates axonal injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neurochem 2021; 160:51-63. [PMID: 34407220 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Injury to long axonal projections is a central pathological feature at the early phase of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It has been reported to contribute to persistent functional disability following ICH. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive axonal degeneration remain unclear. Autologous blood was injected into the striatum to mimic the pathology of ICH. Observed significant swollen axons with characteristic retraction bulbs were found around the striatal hematoma at 24 h after ICH. Electronic microscopic examination revealed highly disorganized microtubule and swollen mitochondria in the retraction bulbs. MEC17 is a specific α-tubulin acetyltransferase, ablation of acetylated α-tubulin in MEC17-/- mice aggravated axonal injury, axonal transport mitochondria dysfunction, and motor dysfunction. In contrast, treatment with tubastatin A (TubA), which promotes microtubule acetylation, significantly alleviated axonal injury and protected the integrity of the corticospinal tract and fine motor function after ICH. Moreover, results showed that 41% mitochondria were preferentially bundled to the acetylated α-tubulin in identifiable axons and dendrites in primary neurons. This impaired axonal transport of mitochondria in primary neurons of MEC17-/- mice. Given that opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and impairs ATP supply thereby promoting axonal injury, we enhanced the availability of acetylated α-tubulin using TubA and inhibited mPTP opening with cyclosporin A. The results indicated that this combined treatment synergistically protected corticospinal tract integrity and promoted fine motor control recovery. These findings reveal key intracellular mechanisms that drive axonal degeneration after ICH and highlight the need to target multiple factors and respective regulatory mechanisms as an effective approach to prevent axonal degeneration and motor dysfunction after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhizhong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianfeng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Bhat MA, Mishra AK, Bhat MA, Banday MI, Bashir O, Rather IA, Rahman S, Shah AA, Jan AT. Myxobacteria as a Source of New Bioactive Compounds: A Perspective Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1265. [PMID: 34452226 PMCID: PMC8401837 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxobacteria are unicellular, Gram-negative, soil-dwelling, gliding bacteria that belong to class δ-proteobacteria and order Myxococcales. They grow and proliferate by transverse fission under normal conditions, but form fruiting bodies which contain myxospores during unfavorable conditions. In view of the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance among disease-causing pathogens, it becomes mandatory to search for new antibiotics effective against such pathogens from natural sources. Among the different approaches, Myxobacteria, having a rich armor of secondary metabolites, preferably derivatives of polyketide synthases (PKSs) along with non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and their hybrids, are currently being explored as producers of new antibiotics. The Myxobacterial species are functionally characterized to assess their ability to produce antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic and antioxidative bioactive compounds. In our study, we have found their compounds to be effective against a wide range of pathogens associated with the concurrence of different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | | | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Banday
- Department of Microbiology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Department of School Education, Jammu 181205, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, MS College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, Bihar, India;
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
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Zhang L, Fang Y, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Ma Y, Li S, Huang Z, Li L. BRUCE silencing leads to axonal dystrophy by repressing autophagosome-lysosome fusion in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:421. [PMID: 34354038 PMCID: PMC8342531 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal dystrophy is a swollen and tortuous neuronal process that contributes to synaptic alterations occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous study identified that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) binds to tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) at the axon terminal and then the signal is propagated along the axon to the cell body and affects neuronal function through retrograde transport. Therefore, this study was designed to identify a microRNA (miRNA) that alters related components of the transport machinery to affect BDNF retrograde signaling deficits in AD. Hippocampus tissues were isolated from APP/PS1 transgenic (AD-model) mice and C57BL/6J wild-type mice and subject to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and immunohistochemical staining. Autophagosome-lysosome fusion and nuclear translocation of BDNF was detected using immunofluorescence in HT22 cells. The interaction among miR-204, BIR repeat containing ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (BRUCE) and Syntaxin 17 (STX17) was investigated using dual luciferase reporter gene assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay. The expression of relevant genes and proteins were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Knockdown of STX17 or BRUCE inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion and impacted axon growth in HT22 cells. STX17 immunoprecipitating with BRUCE and co-localization of them demonstrated BRUCE interacted with STX17. BRUCE was the target of miR-204, and partial loss of miR-204 by inhibitor promoted autophagosome-lysosome fusion to prevent axon dystrophy and accumulated BDNF nuclear translocation to rescue BDNF/TrkB signaling deficits in HT22 cells. The overall results demonstrated that inhibition of miR-204 prevents axonal dystrophy by blocking BRUCE interaction with STX17, which unraveled potential novel therapeutic targets for delaying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Fang
- grid.412633.1ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- grid.412633.1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 P.R. China
| | - Yake Zheng
- grid.412633.1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 P.R. China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- grid.412633.1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- grid.412633.1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 P.R. China
| | - Zhi Huang
- grid.412633.1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 P.R. China
| | - Lihao Li
- grid.412633.1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 P.R. China
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Yu TW, Lane HY, Lin CH. Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158208. [PMID: 34360973 PMCID: PMC8348485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and accounts for most cases of dementia. The prevalence of AD has increased in the current rapidly aging society and contributes to a heavy burden on families and society. Despite the profound impact of AD, current treatments are unable to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects or stop the progression of the disease. Finding novel treatments for AD has become urgent. In this paper, we reviewed novel therapeutic approaches in five categories: anti-amyloid therapy, anti-tau therapy, anti-neuroinflammatory therapy, neuroprotective agents including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulators, and brain stimulation. The trend of therapeutic development is shifting from a single pathological target to a more complex mechanism, such as the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. While drug repositioning may accelerate pharmacological development, non-pharmacological interventions, especially repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), also have the potential for clinical application. In the future, it is possible for physicians to choose appropriate interventions individually on the basis of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Wei Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-921-067-260 (H.-Y.L.); +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8753) (C.-H.L.); Fax: +886-4-2236-1042 (H.-Y.L.); +886-7-7326817 (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.L.); (C.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-921-067-260 (H.-Y.L.); +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8753) (C.-H.L.); Fax: +886-4-2236-1042 (H.-Y.L.); +886-7-7326817 (C.-H.L.)
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