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Response of Phytogenic Additives on Enteric Methane Emissions and Animal Performance of Nellore Bulls Raised in Grassland. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and digestibility of nutrients, emission of enteric CH4, and productive performance of Nellore bulls grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu palisade grass pastures during the rainy season, receiving an energy supplement or mineral supplement, with or without the inclusion of phytogenic additives. Forty-eight Nellore bulls were treated with: (1) energy supplement without the inclusion of phytogenic additives; (2) energy supplement with the inclusion of phytogenic additives; (3) mineral supplement without the inclusion of phytogenic additives; and (4) mineral supplement with the inclusion of phytogenic additives. Consumption of total dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), apNDF, and energy; digestibility of DM, CP, and energy; average daily gain; stocking rate; and gain per area were higher in animals consuming energy supplements than those consuming mineral supplements. Digestibility of DM, NDF, and energy levels were lower in animals that consumed phytogenic additives. Compared with mineral supplements, the supply of energy supplements provides higher nutrient intake, increases enteric CH4 emission, and improves nutrient digestibility, providing a greater productive performance. The inclusion of phytogenic additives negatively affected nutrient intake and digestibility, did not reduce enteric CH4 emission, and influenced productive performance.
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Uushona T, Chikwanha O, Katiyatiya C, Tayengwa T, Strydom P, Mapiye C. Ruminant meat production and quality enhancement, nematode suppression and greenhouse gas emission mitigation: A sustainable paradigm for valorisation of Acacia leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Effects of Condensed Tannins Supplementation on Animal Performance, Phylogenetic Microbial Changes, and In Vitro Methane Emissions in Steers Grazing Winter Wheat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082391. [PMID: 34438848 PMCID: PMC8388732 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grazing wheat pasture is a common practice throughout the southeastern and south-central United States; however, the practice is limited by concerns regarding the occurrence of bloat. In addition, there are few reports concerning methane production by cattle grazing wheat pasture. Naturally occurring plant secondary compounds, including condensed tannins (CT), saponins, and essential oils, are extensively evaluated as natural alternatives to control bloat and to mitigate methane production. However, the effects of CT supplementation on ruminal gas production, rumen microflora community changes, and animal performance in stocker cattle grazing wheat forage are not fully defined. Supplementation with CT induced changes in ruminal bacteria, reduced methane emissions, and increased animal performance. These data indicate that CT supplementation may benefit stocker producers grazing wheat pasture by decreasing the incidence of bloat and increasing animal performance by changing rumen fermentation. Abstract Eighteen growing rumen-cannulated steers, with initial body weight (BW) of 167.4 ± 7.10 kg, were randomly allocated to one of three treatments that included a control (0% CT) and two CT treatment levels (0.05% and 0.07% condensed tannins (CT)/kg BW) with two replicates each. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, final BW and average daily gain were greater (p < 0.05) for the 0.07% CT treatment compared to either 0.05% CT or control groups. Rumen bacterial populations in steers fed winter wheat in the absence of CT represented large proportions of the moderate-guanines and cytosines (GC) containing bacterial clusters with similarity coefficient (SC) ranging from 64% to 92% In the presence of CT on day 0, day 20, and day 60, however, the SC was 60% or greater (90% SC) with multiple bacterial band clusters as shown by the denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis banding patterns. In Exp. 2, in vitro total gas, potential gas, and CH4 productions decreased (p < 0.01) as CT supplementation increased in steers grazing wheat forage. These results suggested that the administration of CT improved BW gain and induced bacterial community changes in the rumen of steers grazing wheat forage.
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Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Carriero MM, Sousa RLM, Muir JP, Macedo RO, Bueno ICS. Tannin-rich forage as a methane mitigation strategy for cattle and the implications for rumen microbiota. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Methane from ruminant livestock systems contributes to the greenhouse effect on the environment, which justifies the adoption of novel feed strategies that mitigate enteric emissions.
Aims
We investigated the effects of the condensed tannin (CT)-rich legumes Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotyloma axillare, Desmodium paniculatum and Lespedeza procumbens on in vitro methane emissions and rumen microbiota for beef cattle.
Methods
Four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture were used as inoculum donors.
Key results
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, methanogenic archaea and protozoa populations were reduced (P £ 0.05), whereas total ruminal bacteria were enhanced in the presence of CT. Our study also revealed a positive (P £ 0.05) relationship between CT and Fibrobacter succinogenes abundance. Reactive CT from L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens resulted in decreased (P £ 0.05) isoacid content and methane production.
Conclusions
L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens have the potential to suppress rumen methanogenesis. However, in vitro fermentation of L. leucocephala resulted in greater (P £ 0.05) degradability percentages than the other two species.
Implications
CT in legume species will have potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to manipulate rumen microbiota and mitigate enteric methanogenesis in livestock production systems.
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Malisch CS, Lewandowski L, Salminen JP, Taube F, Lüscher A. Low Concentrations of Protein- and Fiber-Bound Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) Are Stable across Accessions, Growth Stages, and Drought Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7369-7377. [PMID: 32574046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) in forages may be present in either soluble (S-PA) or non-extractable (NE-PA) form. Despite potential benefits of the NE-PA in ruminant nutrition, few studies have analyzed NE-PA in forages. This study examined the impact of a range of conditions on S-PA as well as protein- and fiber-bound PA (the NE-PA fractions) in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Thus, five sainfoin accessions in either generative or vegetative stage were subjected to drought for 18 weeks and sampled repeatedly for PA analysis. Drought-stressed plants increased S-PAs on average by 59% across all accessions yet only in the vegetative stage. In contrast, NE-PA concentrations were generally lower (on average 15% of the total PAs) and unaffected by drought. Thus, for sainfoin, the low and stable concentration of NE-PAs across accessions, growth stages, and drought conditions should have a low, predictable impact on the future sainfoin analyses and feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten S Malisch
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lasse Lewandowski
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Friedhelm Taube
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Lüscher
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
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Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Welter KC, Melo FA, Muir JP, Carriero MM, Souza RLM, Meo-Filho P, Frighetto RTS, Berndt A, Bueno ICS. Tannin as a natural rumen modifier to control methanogenesis in beef cattle in tropical systems: Friend or foe to biogas energy production? Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:88-96. [PMID: 32540589 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The grazing of Zebu cattle in poor-quality tropical pastures during the dry season has an increased environmental impact and cost of production. The use of condensed tannins (CT) as a natural feed additive to modulate ruminal archaea can mitigate the methane emissions from cattle in tropical systems. We investigated the effects of CT on in vivo methane emissions and rumen microbiota ecology in beef cattle. Batch experiments were also conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary CT on the biogas production from beef cattle manure. Six adult rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle were used in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of three diets containing either a 0%, 1.25% or 2.5% CT additive from Acacia mimosa extract. The experimental period consisted of 63 days, and methane production was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique from Day 16 to 21 of each feeding period. Adding Acacia extract to the diets reduced daily methane emissions per animal. Methane suppression occurred more by reduction of intake than by the direct effect on methanogenic archaea. We verified that CT directly suppresses archaea rumen communities and increases total rumen bacteria. Our study indicates that CT benefit rumen Fibrobactersuccinogenes and Ruminoccous flavefaciens populations and have no negative effect on biogas production from cattle manure. Acacia extract as a feed additive has promising potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to reduce the methanogenesis from Zebu beef cattle in tropical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele M Fagundes
- Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR, BR 174, km 12, 69300-000 Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil..
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katieli C Welter
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A Melo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James P Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 North U.S. Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA
| | - Mateus M Carriero
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L M Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Meo-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa T S Frighetto
- Research and Development, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rod SP-340, Km 127, 13820-000 Jaguariúna, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Research and Development, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod Washington Luiz, Km 23, 13560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ives C S Bueno
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aguerre MJ, Duval B, Powell JM, Vadas PA, Wattiaux MA. Effects of feeding a quebracho-chestnut tannin extract on lactating cow performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2264-2271. [PMID: 31864747 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of feeding a quebracho-chestnut tannin extract mixture on performance and nitrogen (N) utilization were assessed with 36 multiparous lactating Holstein cows (mean ± standard deviation; 706 ± 59 kg of body weight; 126 ± 20 d in milk) randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Following a 2-wk covariate adjustment period, cows were fed their assigned treatment diets for 13 wk. Rice hulls were removed from a total mixed ration with a 54:46 forage:concentrate ratio (% of dry matter; DM), and a tannin extract mixture from quebracho and chestnut trees (2:1 ratio) was included at 0, 0.45, and 1.80% of dietary DM. There was no interaction between dietary treatments and experimental week for the reported measurements except milk lactose percentage. Overall, treatments did not affect milk yield (48.6 ± 7.8 kg/d), fat- and protein-corrected milk (46.1 ± 7.6 kg/d), milk fat content (3.88 ± 0.65%) and yield (1.85 ± 0.38 kg/d), and true protein yield (1.45 ± 0.21 kg/d). However, incremental levels of tannin extracts in the diet produced a linear increase in DM intake (29.2 to 30.9 kg/d) and a linear decrease in kilograms of milk per kilogram of DM intake (1.67 to 1.57 kg/kg) and MUN (12.2 to 10.8 mg/dL). Furthermore, there was a quadratic effect of tannin extracts on milk true protein content (2.96, 3.13, and 3.00% for 0, 0.45, and 1.80% tannin extract, respectively) and a tendency for linear and quadratic response for body weight gain (0.31, 0.16, and 0.44 kg/d for 0, 0.45, and 1.80% tannin, respectively). Intake of N increased linearly (782, 795, and 820 g/d) and N utilization efficiency (milk N/intake N) decreased linearly (0.300, 0.301, and 0.275 for 0, 0.45, and 1.80% tannin, respectively). Relative to the 0% diet, 1.80% tannin extract reduced estimated urinary N excretion by 11%. In this study, adding 0.45% tannin extract to the diet reduced feed efficiency but had a positive effect on milk protein content. Feeding a tannin extract mixture from quebracho and chestnut may reduce environmental labile urinary N excretion without affecting milk yield but at the expense of a lower feed utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Aguerre
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.
| | - B Duval
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro 87801
| | - J M Powell
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706
| | - P A Vadas
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Office of National Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - M A Wattiaux
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Aboagye IA, Beauchemin KA. Potential of Molecular Weight and Structure of Tannins to Reduce Methane Emissions from Ruminants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110856. [PMID: 31652766 PMCID: PMC6912696 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regardless of the production system adopted, ruminant livestock contribute to greenhouse emissions that are associated with climate change. Among the greenhouse gases, enteric methane produced from the rumen is of the greatest concern because it is the largest single source of livestock emissions. Among the different dietary strategies examined to decrease methanogenesis in ruminants, the use of tannins shows promise, but has received only moderate attention. However, tannins are abundant in both tropical and temperate plants and so are widely available globally and may be an economical approach for livestock producers to mitigate enteric methane emissions. This review explores the challenges and opportunities of using dietary tannins to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminants. Abstract There is a need to reduce enteric methane (CH4) to ensure the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. Tannins are naturally found in both tropical and temperate plants, and have been shown to consistently decrease urinary nitrogen (N) excretion when consumed by ruminants. However, the limited number of in vivo studies conducted indicates that the effects of tannins on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, CH4 production and animal performance vary depending on source, type, dose, and molecular weight (MW). There are two main types of tannin in terrestrial plants: condensed tannin (CT; high MW) and hydrolysable tannin (HT; low MW). Consumption of CT and HT by ruminants can reduce N excretion without negatively affecting animal performance. High MW tannins bind to dietary protein, while low MW tannins affect rumen microbes, and thus, irrespective of type of tannin, N excretion is affected. The structure of high MW tannin is more diverse compared with that of low MW tannin, which may partly explain the inconsistent effects of CT on CH4 production reported in in vivo studies. In contrast, the limited number of in vivo studies with low MW HT potentially shows a consistent decrease in CH4 production, possibly attributed to the gallic acid subunit. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effects of tannins, characterized by MW and structural composition, on reducing CH4 emissions and improving animal performance in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Aboagye
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Min BR, Frank A, Gurung N, Lee JH, Joo JW, Pacheco W. Peanut skin in diet alters average daily gain, ruminal and blood metabolites, and carcass traits associated with Haemonchus contortus infection in meat goats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:278-285. [PMID: 31528730 PMCID: PMC6737499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) supplementation on growth performance, ruminal and blood metabolites, and carcass traits associated with internal parasite infection in meat goats under confined conditions. Twenty-one Kiko crossbred male goats were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment groups. Experimental diets contained different levels of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) skin replacing alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pellets (ALP) in a control diet. Experimental treatments included: 30% ALP (control), 15% PS and 15% ALP, and 30% PS. Peanut skin was incorporated in the grain mix portion of the diets. Animals were fed once daily, and the intake was adjusted every 3 to 4 d. Each animal was each artificially infected with 5,000 larvae of the 3rd stage of barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus). Body weights, dry matter intake (DMI), and fecal samples for fecal egg counts (FEC) were taken at d 0, 12, 23, and 41. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected at d 45. The performance period lasted 45 d and at the completion of the study, goats were harvested, and carcass characteristics, abomasal worm counts were measured. The results showed that DMI, BW, carcass traits, and meat color were not affected by PS supplementation, whereas average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.01), blood glucose (P < 0.001), phosphorus (P < 0.05), and cholesterol levels (P < 0.001) significantly increased with increasing levels of PS supplementation. There was a linear (P < 0.01) reduction in rumen acetate to propionate ratio, ammonia-nitrogen, FEC, and H. contortus worm counts, with increasing levels of PS supplementation. This study shows that PS supplementation up to 30% of the diet can improve ADG and rumen fermentation while reducing gastrointestinal parasite infection in meat goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeng R. Min
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Conservation and Production Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS), Bushland, TX 79012, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Abrahamsen Frank
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Nar Gurung
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Jung H. Lee
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort-Valley State University, Fort-Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Jong W. Joo
- Department of Companion Animal and Animal Resources Sciences, Joongbu University, Chung-Nam, 32713, South Korea
| | - Wilmer Pacheco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Characterization of the rumen and fecal microbiome in bloated and non-bloated cattle grazing alfalfa pastures and subjected to bloat prevention strategies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4272. [PMID: 30862851 PMCID: PMC6414552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Frothy bloat is an often fatal digestive disorder of cattle grazing alfalfa pastures. The aim of this study was to investigate ruminal and fecal microbiota dynamics associated with development of alfalfa-induced frothy bloat and to further explore how bloat prevention strategies influence the composition of these microbial communities. In a 3 × 3 crossover experiment, twelve rumen-cannulated steers were sequentially subjected to: (1) pure alfalfa pasture, (2) pure alfalfa pasture supplemented with the pluronic detergent ALFASURE, and (3) alfalfa – sainfoin mixed pasture. Eleven out of 12 steers in pure alfalfa pasture developed clinical bloat, whereas ALFASURE treatment prevented the development of bloat in all 12 steers and alfalfa – sainfoin prevented bloat in 5 out of 11 steers. Development of bloat was associated with considerable shifts in the microbiota profile of rumen contents. In particular, the microbiota of solid rumen contents from bloated steers contained higher species richness and diversity. Streptococcus, Succinivibrio and unclassified Myxococcales were enriched in the rumen microbiota of bloated steers, whereas Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus were overrepresented in the rumen contents of non-bloated steers. Our results provide novel insights into bloat-associated shifts in the composition and predicted functional properties of the rumen microbiota of cattle grazing alfalfa pasture.
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Oral administration of chestnut tannins to reduce the duration of neonatal calf diarrhea. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:227. [PMID: 30055618 PMCID: PMC6064112 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal calf diarrhea is generally caused by infectious agents and is a very common disease in bovine practice, leading to substantial economic losses. Tannins are known for their astringent and anti-inflammatory properties in the gastro-enteric tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the oral administration of chestnut tannins (Castanea sativa Mill.) in order to reduce the duration of calf neonatal diarrhea. Twenty-four Italian Friesian calves affected by neonatal diarrhea were included. The duration of the diarrheic episode (DDE) was recorded and the animals were divided into a control group (C), which received Effydral® in 2 l of warm water, and a tannin-treated group (T), which received Effydral® in 2 l of warm water plus 10 g of extract of chestnut tannins powder. A Mann-Whitney test was performed to verify differences for the DDE values between the two groups. RESULTS The DDE was significantly higher in group C than in group T (p = 0.02), resulting in 10.1 ± 3.2 and 6.6 ± 3.8 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Phytotherapic treatments for various diseases have become more common both in human and in veterinary medicine, in order to reduce the presence of antibiotic molecules in the food chain and in the environment. Administration of tannins in calves with diarrhea seemed to shorten the DDE in T by almost 4 days compared to C, suggesting an effective astringent action of chestnut tannins in the calf, as already reported in humans. The use of chestnut tannins in calves could represent an effective, low-impact treatment for neonatal diarrhea.
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Impact of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Rumen Microbiota of Bovines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9610810. [PMID: 29445749 PMCID: PMC5763072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9610810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of phytogenic dietary additives is being evaluated as a means to improve animal productivity. The effect of tannins seems to be the influence not only directly on the digestive process through binding of dietary proteins but also indirectly over their effects on gastrointestinal microbiota. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to analyze the impact of dietary supplementation with a blend of chestnut and quebracho tannins on the rumen microbiota of Holstein steers. Bacterial richness was lower in tannins treated animals, while the overall population structure of rumen microbiota was not significantly disturbed by tannins. The ratio of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, a parameter associated with energy harvesting function, was increased in tannins supplemented animals, essentially due to the selective growth of Ruminococcaceae over members of genus Prevotella. Fibrolytic, amylolytic, and ureolytic bacterial communities in the rumen were altered by tannins, while methanogenic archaea were reduced. Furthermore, ruminal pH was significantly higher in animals supplemented with tannins than in the control group, while urease activity exhibited the opposite pattern. Further work is necessary to assess the relation between tannins impact on rumen microbiota and alteration of rumen fermentation parameters associated with bovine performance.
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Piñeiro-Vázquez AT, Canul-Solis JR, Alayón-Gamboa JA, Chay-Canul AJ, Ayala-Burgos AJ, Solorio-Sánchez FJ, Aguilar-Pérez CF, Ku-Vera JC. Energy utilization, nitrogen balance and microbial protein supply in cattle fed Pennisetum purpureum and condensed tannins. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:159-169. [PMID: 26849400 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, dry matter digestibility, nitrogen balance, supply of microbial protein to the small intestine and energy utilization in cattle fed a basal ration of Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments consisting of increasing levels of CT (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% CT/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (p > 0.05) between treatments containing 0, 1, 2 and 3% of CT/kg DM and it was reduced (p < 0.05) to 4% CT (5.71 kg DM/day) with respect to that observed with 0% CT (6.65 kg DM/day). Nitrogen balance, purine derivatives excretion in urine, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of synthesis of microbial nitrogen in the rumen were not affected (p ≥ 0.05) by the increase in the levels of condensed tannins in the ration. Energy loss as CH4 was on average 2.7% of the gross energy consumed daily. Metabolizable energy intake was 49.06 MJ/day in cattle fed low-quality tropical grass with a DMI of 6.27 kg/day. It is concluded that concentrations of CT between 2 and 3% of DM of ration reduced energy loss as CH4 by 31.3% and 47.6%, respectively, without affecting intakes of dry and organic matter; however, digestibilities of dry and organic matter are negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Piñeiro-Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - J R Canul-Solis
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - A J Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - A J Ayala-Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - F J Solorio-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - C F Aguilar-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - J C Ku-Vera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Pomegranate seed pulp, pistachio hulls, and tomato pomace as replacement of wheat bran increased milk conjugated linoleic acid concentrations without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and performance of Saanen dairy goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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