1
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Ding Z, Peng L, Zeng J, Yuan K, Tang Y, Yi Q. Functions of HP1 in preventing chromosomal instability. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4017. [PMID: 38603595 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), caused by errors in the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis, is a hallmark of many types of cancer. The fidelity of chromosome segregation is governed by a sophisticated cellular signaling network, one crucial orchestrator of which is Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). HP1 dynamically localizes to distinct sites at various stages of mitosis, where it regulates key mitotic events ranging from chromosome-microtubule attachment to sister chromatid cohesion to cytokinesis. Our evolving comprehension of HP1's multifaceted role has positioned it as a central protein in the orchestration of mitotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kejia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Yi
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Liu Z, Zhou L, Li D, Lu H, Liu L, Mao W, Yu X, Fan Y, Huang Q, Wang F, Wan Y. N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase METTL3 modulates the cell cycle of granulosa cells via CCND1 and AURKB in Haimen goats. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23273. [PMID: 37874265 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in many bioprocesses across species, but its function in granulosa cells during oocyte maturation is not well understood in animals, especially domestic animals. We observed an increase in m6A methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in granulosa cells during oocyte maturation in Haimen goats. Our results showed that knockdown of METTL3 disrupted the cell cycle in goat granulosa cells, leading to aggravated cell apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation and hormone secretion. Mechanistically, METTL3 may regulate the cell cycle in goat granulosa cells by mediating Aurora kinase B (AURKB) mRNA degradation in an m6A-YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2) manner and participating in AURKB transcription via the Cyclin D1 (CCND1)-Retinoblastoma protein (RB)-E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) pathway. Overall, our study highlights the essential role of METTL3 in granulosa cells during oocyte maturation in Haimen goats. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical means for understanding how RNA methylation participates in oocyte maturation through granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghui Lu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Haimen District, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijia Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunhao Huang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Haimen District, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Siouda M, Dujardin AD, Dekeyzer B, Schaeffer L, Mulligan P. Chromodomain on Y-like 2 (CDYL2) implicated in mitosis and genome stability regulation via interaction with CHAMP1 and POGZ. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:47. [PMID: 36658409 PMCID: PMC11072993 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is a defining feature of mammalian pericentromeres, loss of which results in genome instability. Here we show that CDYL2 is recruited to pericentromeres in an H3K9me3-dependent manner and is required for faithful mitosis and genome stability. CDYL2 RNAi in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and Hela cervical cancer cells inhibited their growth, induced apoptosis, and provoked both nuclear and mitotic aberrations. Mass spectrometry analysis of CDYL2-interacting proteins identified the neurodevelopmental disease-linked mitotic regulators CHAMP1 and POGZ, which are associated with a central non-conserved region of CDYL2. RNAi rescue assays identified both the CDYL2 chromodomain and the CHAMP1-POGZ interacting region as required and, together, sufficient for CDYL2 regulation of mitosis and genome stability. CDYL2 RNAi caused loss of CHAMP1 localization at pericentromeres. We propose that CDYL2 functions as an adaptor protein that connects pericentromeric H3K9me3 with CHAMP1 and POGZ to ensure mitotic fidelity and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Siouda
- Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey D Dujardin
- Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Blanche Dekeyzer
- Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Faculté de Médecine, Physiopathology and Genetics of Neurons and Muscles Division, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS, UMR5310, 3ème étage, Aile B, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, CHU de Lyon - HCL Groupement Est, 59 Bvd Pinel, 69677, Cedex Bron, France
| | - Peter Mulligan
- Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Physiopathology and Genetics of Neurons and Muscles Division, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS, UMR5310, 3ème étage, Aile B, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
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4
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Flashner S, Swift M, Sowash A, Fahmy AN, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Transcription factor Sp1 regulates mitotic chromosome assembly and segregation. Chromosoma 2022; 131:175-191. [PMID: 35916925 PMCID: PMC9470683 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-022-00778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a pervasive feature of cancer cells that results from chromosome missegregation. Several transcription factors have been associated with aneuploidy; however, no studies to date have demonstrated that mammalian transcription factors directly regulate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1), which we have previously linked to aneuploidy, has a mitosis-specific role regulating chromosome segregation. We find that Sp1 localizes to mitotic centromeres and auxin-induced rapid Sp1 degradation at mitotic onset results in chromosome segregation errors and aberrant mitotic progression. Furthermore, rapid Sp1 degradation results in anomalous mitotic chromosome assembly characterized by loss of condensin complex I localization to mitotic chromosomes and chromosome condensation defects. Consistent with these defects, Sp1 degradation results in reduced chromosome passenger complex activity and histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation during mitosis, which is essential for condensin complex I recruitment and chromosome condensation. Together, these data provide the first evidence of a mammalian transcription factor acting specifically during mitosis to regulate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Michelle Swift
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Aislinn Sowash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Alexander N Fahmy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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5
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Niedzialkowska E, Liu L, Kuscu C, Mayo Z, Minor W, Strahl BD, Adli M, Stukenberg PT. Tip60 acetylation of histone H3K4 temporally controls chromosome passenger complex localization. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br15. [PMID: 35653296 PMCID: PMC9582641 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-06-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC) generates chromosome autonomous signals that regulate mitotic events critical for genome stability. Tip60 is a lysine acetyltransferase that is a tumor suppressor and is targeted for proteasomal degradation by oncogenic papilloma viruses. Mitotic regulation requires the localization of the CPC to inner centromeres, which is driven by the Haspin kinase phosphorylating histone H3 on threonine 3 (H3T3ph). Here we describe how Tip60 acetylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4ac) to block both the H3T3ph writer and the reader to ensure that this mitotic signaling cannot begin before prophase. Specifically, H3K4ac inhibits Haspin phosphorylation of H3T3 and prevents binding of the Survivin subunit to H3T3ph. Tip60 acetylates H3K4 during S/G2 at centromeres. Inhibition of Tip60 allows the CPC to bind centromeres in G2 cells, and targeting of Tip60 to centromeres prevents CPC localization in mitosis. The H3K4ac mark is removed in prophase by HDAC3 to initiate the CPC localization cascade. Together, our results suggest that Tip60 and HDAC3 temporally control H3K4 acetylation to precisely time the targeting of the CPC to inner centromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Niedzialkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22908
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22908
| | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Surgery, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, UTHSC, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - Zachary Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Wladek Minor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22908
| | - Brian D. Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Department of ObGyn, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - P. Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22908
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6
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I B, López-Jiménez P, Mena I, Viera A, Page J, González-Martínez J, Maestre C, Malumbres M, Suja JA, Gómez R. Haspin participates in AURKB recruitment to centromeres and contributes to chromosome congression in male mouse meiosis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275954. [PMID: 35694956 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation requires that centromeres properly attach to spindle microtubules. This essential step regulates the accuracy of cell division and therefore must be precisely regulated. One of the main centromeric regulatory signaling pathways is the Haspin-H3T3ph-chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) cascade, which is responsible for the recruitment of the CPC to the centromeres. In mitosis, Haspin kinase phosphorylates histone H3 at threonine 3 (H3T3ph), an essential epigenetic mark that recruits the CPC, whose catalytic component is Aurora B kinase. However, the centromeric Haspin-H3T3ph-CPC pathway remains largely uncharacterized in mammalian male meiosis. We have analyzed Haspin functions by either its chemical inhibition in cultured spermatocytes using LDN-192960, or the ablation of Haspin gene in Haspin-/-. Our studies suggest that Haspin kinase activity is required for proper chromosome congression during both meiotic divisions and for the recruitment of Aurora B and kinesin MCAK to meiotic centromeres. However, the absence of H3T3ph histone mark does not alter Borealin and SGO2 centromeric localization. These results add new and relevant information regarding the regulation of the Haspin-H3T3ph-CPC pathway and centromere function during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenguer I
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P López-Jiménez
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mena
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Viera
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Page
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J González-Martínez
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Maestre
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Suja
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Gómez
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Lamb KN, Dishman SN, Waybright JM, Engelberg IA, Rectenwald JM, Norris-Drouin JL, Cholensky SH, Pearce KH, James LI, Frye SV. Discovery of Potent Peptidomimetic Antagonists for Heterochromatin Protein 1 Family Proteins. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:716-732. [PMID: 35036738 PMCID: PMC8757366 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) sub-family of CBX chromodomains are responsible for the recognition of histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methyl (H3K9me3)-marked nucleosomal substrates through binding of the N-terminal chromodomain. These HP1 proteins, namely, CBX1 (HP1β), CBX3 (HP1γ), and CBX5 (HP1α), are commonly associated with regions of pericentric heterochromatin, but recent literature studies suggest that regulation by these proteins is likely more dynamic and includes other loci. Importantly, there are no chemical tools toward HP1 chromodomains to spatiotemporally explore the effects of HP1-mediated processes, underscoring the need for novel HP1 chemical probes. Here, we report the discovery of HP1 targeting peptidomimetic compounds, UNC7047 and UNC7560, and a biotinylated derivative tool compound, UNC7565. These compounds represent an important milestone, as they possess nanomolar affinity for the CBX5 chromodomain by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bind HP1-containing complexes in cell lysates. These chemical tools provide a starting point for further optimization and the study of CBX5-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey N. Lamb
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sarah N. Dishman
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jarod M. Waybright
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Isabelle A. Engelberg
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Justin M. Rectenwald
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jacqueline L. Norris-Drouin
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Cholensky
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lindsey I. James
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- Center
for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical
Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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8
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Li J, Gao J, Wang R. Control of Chromatin Organization and Chromosome Behavior during the Cell Cycle through Phase Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212271. [PMID: 34830152 PMCID: PMC8621359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase-separated condensates participate in various biological activities. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) can be driven by collective interactions between multivalent and intrinsically disordered proteins. The manner in which chromatin-with various morphologies and activities-is organized in a complex and small nucleus still remains to be fully determined. Recent findings support the claim that phase separation is involved in the regulation of chromatin organization and chromosome behavior. Moreover, phase separation also influences key events during mitosis and meiosis. This review elaborately dissects how phase separation regulates chromatin and chromosome organization and controls mitotic and meiotic chromosome behavior.
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9
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Sales-Gil R, Kommer DC, de Castro IJ, Amin HA, Vinciotti V, Sisu C, Vagnarelli P. Non-redundant functions of H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 in chromosome segregation and cell cycle progression. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52061. [PMID: 34423893 PMCID: PMC8567233 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
H2A.Z is a H2A‐type histone variant essential for many aspects of cell biology, ranging from gene expression to genome stability. From deuterostomes, H2A.Z evolved into two paralogues, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, that differ by only three amino acids and are encoded by different genes (H2AFZ and H2AFV, respectively). Despite the importance of this histone variant in development and cellular homeostasis, very little is known about the individual functions of each paralogue in mammals. Here, we have investigated the distinct roles of the two paralogues in cell cycle regulation and unveiled non‐redundant functions for H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 in cell division. Our findings show that H2A.Z.1 regulates the expression of cell cycle genes such as Myc and Ki‐67 and its depletion leads to a G1 arrest and cellular senescence. On the contrary, H2A.Z.2, in a transcription‐independent manner, is essential for centromere integrity and sister chromatid cohesion regulation, thus playing a key role in chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sales-Gil
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Dorothee C Kommer
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Ines J de Castro
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Hasnat A Amin
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Veronica Vinciotti
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Sisu
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Brunel University London, London, UK
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10
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Ramkumar N, Patel JV, Anstatt J, Baum B. Aurora B-dependent polarization of the cortical actomyosin network during mitotic exit. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52387. [PMID: 34431205 PMCID: PMC8490981 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The isotropic metaphase actin cortex progressively polarizes as the anaphase spindle elongates during mitotic exit. This involves the loss of actomyosin cortex from opposing cell poles and the accumulation of an actomyosin belt at the cell centre. Although these spatially distinct cortical remodelling events are coordinated in time, here we show that they are independent of each other. Thus, actomyosin is lost from opposing poles in anaphase cells that lack an actomyosin ring owing to centralspindlin depletion. In examining potential regulators of this process, we identify a role for Aurora B kinase in actin clearance at cell poles. Upon combining Aurora B inhibition with centralspindlin depletion, cells exiting mitosis fail to change shape and remain completely spherical. Additionally, we demonstrate a requirement for Aurora B in the clearance of cortical actin close to anaphase chromatin in cells exiting mitosis with a bipolar spindle and in monopolar cells forced to divide while flat. Altogether, these data suggest a novel role for Aurora B activity in facilitating DNA-mediated polar relaxation at anaphase, polarization of the actomyosin cortex, and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Ramkumar
- MRC LMCBUCLLondonUK
- Present address:
Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | | | - Buzz Baum
- MRC LMCBUCLLondonUK
- Present address:
MRC‐LMBCambridgeUK
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11
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Decombe S, Loll F, Caccianini L, Affannoukoué K, Izeddin I, Mozziconacci J, Escudé C, Lopes J. Epigenetic rewriting at centromeric DNA repeats leads to increased chromatin accessibility and chromosomal instability. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 34321103 PMCID: PMC8317386 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centromeric regions of human chromosomes contain large numbers of tandemly repeated α-satellite sequences. These sequences are covered with constitutive heterochromatin which is enriched in trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me3). Although well studied using artificial chromosomes and global perturbations, the contribution of this epigenetic mark to chromatin structure and genome stability remains poorly known in a more natural context. RESULTS Using transcriptional activator-like effectors (TALEs) fused to a histone lysine demethylase (KDM4B), we were able to reduce the level of H3K9me3 on the α-satellites repeats of human chromosome 7. We show that the removal of H3K9me3 affects chromatin structure by increasing the accessibility of DNA repeats to the TALE protein. Tethering TALE-demethylase to centromeric repeats impairs the recruitment of HP1α and proteins of Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) on this specific centromere without affecting CENP-A loading. Finally, the epigenetic re-writing by the TALE-KDM4B affects specifically the stability of chromosome 7 upon mitosis, highlighting the importance of H3K9me3 in centromere integrity and chromosome stability, mediated by the recruitment of HP1α and the CPC. CONCLUSION Our cellular model allows to demonstrate the direct role of pericentromeric H3K9me3 epigenetic mark on centromere integrity and function in a natural context and opens interesting possibilities for further studies regarding the role of the H3K9me3 mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Decombe
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UM7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.,DCCBR, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - François Loll
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UM7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Laura Caccianini
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris-Science Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Affannoukoué
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Université CNRS Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ignacio Izeddin
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Julien Mozziconacci
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UM7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Escudé
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UM7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Judith Lopes
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, INSERM U1154, CNRS UM7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
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12
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Wang LI, DeFosse T, Jang JK, Battaglia RA, Wagner VF, McKim KS. Borealin directs recruitment of the CPC to oocyte chromosomes and movement to the microtubules. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211972. [PMID: 33836043 PMCID: PMC8185691 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes in the oocytes of many animals appear to promote bipolar spindle assembly. In Drosophila oocytes, spindle assembly requires the chromosome passenger complex (CPC), which consists of INCENP, Borealin, Survivin, and Aurora B. To determine what recruits the CPC to the chromosomes and its role in spindle assembly, we developed a strategy to manipulate the function and localization of INCENP, which is critical for recruiting the Aurora B kinase. We found that an interaction between Borealin and the chromatin is crucial for the recruitment of the CPC to the chromosomes and is sufficient to build kinetochores and recruit spindle microtubules. HP1 colocalizes with the CPC on the chromosomes and together they move to the spindle microtubules. We propose that the Borealin interaction with HP1 promotes the movement of the CPC from the chromosomes to the microtubules. In addition, within the central spindle, rather than at the centromeres, the CPC and HP1 are required for homologous chromosome bi-orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ing Wang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Tyler DeFosse
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Janet K Jang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Victoria F Wagner
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Kim S McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
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13
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Murillo-Pineda M, Valente LP, Dumont M, Mata JF, Fachinetti D, Jansen LE. Induction of spontaneous human neocentromere formation and long-term maturation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202007210. [PMID: 33443568 PMCID: PMC7812830 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human centromeres form primarily on α-satellite DNA but sporadically arise de novo at naive ectopic loci, creating neocentromeres. Centromere inheritance is driven primarily by chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A. Here, we report a chromosome engineering system for neocentromere formation in human cells and characterize the first experimentally induced human neocentromere at a naive locus. The spontaneously formed neocentromere spans a gene-poor 100-kb domain enriched in histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylated (H3K9me3). Long-read sequencing revealed this neocentromere was formed by purely epigenetic means and assembly of a functional kinetochore correlated with CENP-A seeding, eviction of H3K9me3 and local accumulation of mitotic cohesin and RNA polymerase II. At formation, the young neocentromere showed markedly reduced chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) occupancy and poor sister chromatin cohesion. However, long-term tracking revealed increased CPC assembly and low-level transcription providing evidence for centromere maturation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Murillo-Pineda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Marie Dumont
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Paris, France
| | - João F. Mata
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniele Fachinetti
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Paris, France
| | - Lars E.T. Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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14
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Komar D, Juszczynski P. Rebelled epigenome: histone H3S10 phosphorylation and H3S10 kinases in cancer biology and therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:147. [PMID: 33054831 PMCID: PMC7556946 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the discovery that more than half of human cancers harbor mutations in chromatin proteins, deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been recognized a hallmark of malignant transformation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins, as main components of epigenetic regulatory machinery, are also broadly accepted as therapeutic target. Current “epigenetic” therapies target predominantly writers, erasers and readers of histone acetylation and (to a lesser extent) methylation, leaving other types of PTMs largely unexplored. One of them is the phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 (H3S10ph). Main body H3S10ph is emerging as an important player in the initiation and propagation of cancer, as it facilitates cellular malignant transformation and participates in fundamental cellular functions. In normal cells this histone mark dictates the hierarchy of additional histone modifications involved in the formation of protein binding scaffolds, transcriptional regulation, blocking repressive epigenetic information and shielding gene regions from heterochromatin spreading. During cell division, this mark is essential for chromosome condensation and segregation. It is also involved in the function of specific DNA–RNA hybrids, called R-loops, which modulate transcription and facilitate chromosomal instability. Increase in H3S10ph is observed in numerous cancer types and its abundance has been associated with inferior prognosis. Many H3S10-kinases, including MSK1/2, PIM1, CDK8 and AURORA kinases, have been long considered targets in cancer therapy. However, since these proteins also participate in other critical processes, including signal transduction, apoptotic signaling, metabolic fitness and transcription, their chromatin functions are often neglected. Conclusions H3S10ph and enzymes responsible for deposition of this histone modification are important for chromatin activity and oncogenesis. Epigenetic-drugs targeting this axis of modifications, potentially in combination with conventional or targeted therapy, provide a promising angle in search for knowledge-driven therapeutic strategies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Komar
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Gandhi 14 Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Gandhi 14 Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Tsunematsu T, Arakaki R, Kawai H, Ruppert J, Tsuneyama K, Ishimaru N, Earnshaw WC, Pagano M, Kudo Y. APC/C Cdh1 is required for the termination of chromosomal passenger complex activity upon mitotic exit. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/18/jcs251314. [PMID: 32934012 PMCID: PMC7520452 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) ensures the faithful transmission of the genome. The CPC is composed of the enzymatic component Aurora B (AURKB) and the three regulatory and targeting components borealin, INCENP, and survivin (also known as BIRC5). Although the CPC is known to be involved in diverse mitotic events, it is still unclear how CPC function terminates after mitosis. Here we show that borealin is ubiquitylated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and its cofactor Cdh1 (also known as FZR1) and is subsequently degraded in G1 phase. Cdh1 binds to regions within the N terminus of borealin that act as a non-canonical degron. Aurora B has also been shown previously to be degraded by the APC/CCdh1 from late mitosis to G1. Indeed, Cdh1 depletion sustains an Aurora B activity with stable levels of borealin and Aurora B throughout the cell cycle, and causes reduced efficiency of DNA replication after release from serum starvation. Notably, inhibition of Aurora B kinase activity improves the efficiency of DNA replication in Cdh1-depleted cells. We thus propose that APC/CCdh1 terminates CPC activity upon mitotic exit and thereby contributes to proper control of DNA replication. Summary: APC/CCdh1 ubiquitylates both borealin, via a non-canonical degron motif, and Aurora B to terminate activity of the CPC in G1 phase. Disruption of this ubiquitylation reduces the efficiency of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jan Ruppert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan .,Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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16
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How HP1 Post-Translational Modifications Regulate Heterochromatin Formation and Maintenance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061460. [PMID: 32545538 PMCID: PMC7349378 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) is a highly conserved protein that has been used as a classic marker for heterochromatin. HP1 binds to di- and tri-methylated histone H3K9 and regulates heterochromatin formation, functions and structure. Besides the well-established phosphorylation of histone H3 Ser10 that has been shown to modulate HP1 binding to chromatin, several studies have recently highlighted the importance of HP1 post-translational modifications and additional epigenetic features for the modulation of HP1-chromatin binding ability and heterochromatin formation. In this review, we summarize the recent literature of HP1 post-translational modifications that have contributed to understand how heterochromatin is formed, regulated and maintained.
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17
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Zhou CY, Heald R. Emergent properties of mitotic chromosomes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 64:43-49. [PMID: 32151949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As a cell prepares to divide, its genetic material changes dramatically in both form and function. During interphase, a dynamic interplay between DNA compartmentalization and transcription functions to program cell identity. During mitosis, this purpose is put on hold and instead chromosomes function to facilitate their accurate segregation to daughter cells. Chromatin loops are rearranged, stacked, and compressed to form X-shaped chromosomes that are neatly aligned at the center of the mitotic spindle and ready to withstand the forces of anaphase. Many factors that contribute to mitotic chromosome assembly have now been identified, but how the plethora of molecular mechanisms operate in concert to give rise to the distinct form and physical properties of mitotic chromosomes at the cellular scale remains under active investigation. In this review, we discuss recent work that addresses a major challenge for the field: How to connect the molecular-level activities to large-scale changes in whole-chromosome architecture that determine mitotic chromosome size, shape, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Y Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA.
| | - Rebecca Heald
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA.
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18
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Schmitz ML, Higgins JMG, Seibert M. Priming chromatin for segregation: functional roles of mitotic histone modifications. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:625-641. [PMID: 31992120 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1719585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins are important for various cellular processes including regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure, DNA damage response and chromosome segregation. Here we comprehensively review mitotic histone PTMs, in particular phosphorylations, and discuss their interplay and functions in the control of dynamic protein-protein interactions as well as their contribution to centromere and chromosome structure and function during cell division. Histone phosphorylations can create binding sites for mitotic regulators such as the chromosomal passenger complex, which is required for correction of erroneous spindle attachments and chromosome bi-orientation. Other histone PTMs can alter the structural properties of nucleosomes and the accessibility of chromatin. Epigenetic marks such as lysine methylations are maintained during mitosis and may also be important for mitotic transcription as well as bookmarking of transcriptional states to ensure the transmission of gene expression programs through cell division. Additionally, histone phosphorylation can dissociate readers of methylated histones without losing epigenetic information. Through all of these processes, mitotic histone PTMs play a functional role in priming the chromatin for faithful chromosome segregation and preventing genetic instability, one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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19
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Abad MA, Ruppert JG, Buzuk L, Wear M, Zou J, Webb KM, Kelly DA, Voigt P, Rappsilber J, Earnshaw WC, Jeyaprakash AA. Borealin-nucleosome interaction secures chromosome association of the chromosomal passenger complex. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3912-3925. [PMID: 31570499 PMCID: PMC6891087 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome association of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC; consisting of Borealin, Survivin, INCENP, and the Aurora B kinase) is essential to achieve error-free chromosome segregation during cell division. Hence, understanding the mechanisms driving the chromosome association of the CPC is of paramount importance. Here using a multifaceted approach, we show that the CPC binds nucleosomes through a multivalent interaction predominantly involving Borealin. Strikingly, Survivin, previously suggested to target the CPC to centromeres, failed to bind nucleosomes on its own and requires Borealin and INCENP for its binding. Disrupting Borealin-nucleosome interactions excluded the CPC from chromosomes and caused chromosome congression defects. We also show that Borealin-mediated chromosome association of the CPC is critical for Haspin- and Bub1-mediated centromere enrichment of the CPC and works upstream of the latter. Our work thus establishes Borealin as a master regulator determining the chromosome association and function of the CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jan G Ruppert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Lana Buzuk
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin Wear
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kim M Webb
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Philipp Voigt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Technical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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20
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Sato Y, Hilbert L, Oda H, Wan Y, Heddleston JM, Chew TL, Zaburdaev V, Keller P, Lionnet T, Vastenhouw N, Kimura H. Histone H3K27 acetylation precedes active transcription during zebrafish zygotic genome activation as revealed by live-cell analysis. Development 2019; 146:146/19/dev179127. [PMID: 31570370 PMCID: PMC6803375 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications are key gene expression regulators, but their rapid dynamics during development remain difficult to capture. We applied a Fab-based live endogenous modification labeling technique to monitor the changes in histone modification levels during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in living zebrafish embryos. Among various histone modifications, H3 Lys27 acetylation (H3K27ac) exhibited most drastic changes, accumulating in two nuclear foci in the 64- to 1k-cell-stage embryos. The elongating form of RNA polymerase II, which is phosphorylated at Ser2 in heptad repeats within the C-terminal domain (RNAP2 Ser2ph), and miR-430 transcripts were also concentrated in foci closely associated with H3K27ac. When treated with α-amanitin to inhibit transcription or JQ-1 to inhibit binding of acetyl-reader proteins, H3K27ac foci still appeared but RNAP2 Ser2ph and miR-430 morpholino were not concentrated in foci, suggesting that H3K27ac precedes active transcription during ZGA. We anticipate that the method presented here could be applied to a variety of developmental processes in any model and non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Lennart Hilbert
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden 01187, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Haruka Oda
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yinan Wan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, VA 20147, USA
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, VA 20147, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, VA 20147, USA
| | - Vasily Zaburdaev
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Philipp Keller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, VA 20147, USA
| | - Timothee Lionnet
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Health, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nadine Vastenhouw
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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21
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Bonner MK, Haase J, Swinderman J, Halas H, Miller Jenkins LM, Kelly AE. Enrichment of Aurora B kinase at the inner kinetochore controls outer kinetochore assembly. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3237-3257. [PMID: 31527147 PMCID: PMC6781445 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer kinetochore assembly enables chromosome attachment to microtubules and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling in mitosis. Aurora B kinase controls kinetochore assembly by phosphorylating the Mis12 complex (Mis12C) subunit Dsn1. Current models propose Dsn1 phosphorylation relieves autoinhibition, allowing Mis12C binding to inner kinetochore component CENP-C. Using Xenopus laevis egg extracts and biochemical reconstitution, we found that autoinhibition of the Mis12C by Dsn1 impedes its phosphorylation by Aurora B. Our data indicate that the INCENP central region increases Dsn1 phosphorylation by enriching Aurora B at inner kinetochores, close to CENP-C. Furthermore, centromere-bound CENP-C does not exchange in mitosis, and CENP-C binding to the Mis12C dramatically increases Dsn1 phosphorylation by Aurora B. We propose that the coincidence of Aurora B and CENP-C at inner kinetochores ensures the fidelity of kinetochore assembly. We also found that the central region is required for the SAC beyond its role in kinetochore assembly, suggesting that kinetochore enrichment of Aurora B promotes the phosphorylation of other kinetochore substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate Bonner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julian Haase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason Swinderman
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hyunmi Halas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander E Kelly
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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22
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Trivedi P, Palomba F, Niedzialkowska E, Digman MA, Gratton E, Stukenberg PT. The inner centromere is a biomolecular condensate scaffolded by the chromosomal passenger complex. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1127-1137. [PMID: 31481798 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inner centromere is a region on every mitotic chromosome that enables specific biochemical reactions that underlie properties, such as the maintenance of cohesion, the regulation of kinetochores and the assembly of specialized chromatin, that can resist microtubule pulling forces. The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is abundantly localized to the inner centromeres and it is unclear whether it is involved in non-kinase activities that contribute to the generation of these unique chromatin properties. We find that the borealin subunit of the CPC drives phase separation of the CPC in vitro at concentrations that are below those found on the inner centromere. We also provide strong evidence that the CPC exists in a phase-separated state at the inner centromere. CPC phase separation is required for its inner-centromere localization and function during mitosis. We suggest that the CPC combines phase separation, kinase and histone code-reading activities to enable the formation of a chromatin body with unique biochemical activities at the inner centromere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Trivedi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Palomba
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ewa Niedzialkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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23
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Williams MM, Mathison AJ, Christensen T, Greipp PT, Knutson DL, Klee EW, Zimmermann MT, Iovanna J, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA. Aurora kinase B-phosphorylated HP1α functions in chromosomal instability. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1407-1421. [PMID: 31130069 PMCID: PMC6592258 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1618126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin Protein 1 α (HP1α) associates with members of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) during mitosis, at centromeres where it is required for full Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) activity. Conversely, recent reports have identified AURKB as the major kinase responsible for phosphorylation of HP1α at Serine 92 (S92) during mitosis. Thus, the current study was designed to better understand the functional role of this posttranslationally modified form of HP1α. We find that S92-phosphorylated HP1α is generated in cells at early prophase, localizes to centromeres, and associates with regulators of chromosome stability, such as Inner Centromere Protein, INCENP. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, HP1α knockout alone or reconstituted with a non-phosphorylatable (S92A) HP1α mutant results in mitotic chromosomal instability characterized by the formation of anaphase/telophase chromatin bridges and micronuclei. These effects are rescued by exogenous expression of wild type HP1α or a phosphomimetic (S92D) variant. Thus, the results from the current study extend our knowledge of the role of HP1α in chromosomal stability during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M. Williams
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela J. Mathison
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Trent Christensen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia T. Greipp
- Medical Genome Facility, Cytogenetics Core Laboratory, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Darlene L. Knutson
- Medical Genome Facility, Cytogenetics Core Laboratory, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric W. Klee
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael T. Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul A. Urrutia
- Genomics and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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24
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Moura M, Conde C. Phosphatases in Mitosis: Roles and Regulation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E55. [PMID: 30736436 PMCID: PMC6406801 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis requires extensive rearrangement of cellular architecture and of subcellular structures so that replicated chromosomes can bind correctly to spindle microtubules and segregate towards opposite poles. This process originates two new daughter nuclei with equal genetic content and relies on highly-dynamic and tightly regulated phosphorylation of numerous cell cycle proteins. A burst in protein phosphorylation orchestrated by several conserved kinases occurs as cells go into and progress through mitosis. The opposing dephosphorylation events are catalyzed by a small set of protein phosphatases, whose importance for the accuracy of mitosis is becoming increasingly appreciated. This review will focus on the established and emerging roles of mitotic phosphatases, describe their structural and biochemical properties, and discuss recent advances in understanding the regulation of phosphatase activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Moura
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Conde
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Yi Q, Chen Q, Yan H, Zhang M, Liang C, Xiang X, Pan X, Wang F. Aurora B kinase activity-dependent and -independent functions of the chromosomal passenger complex in regulating sister chromatid cohesion. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2021-2035. [PMID: 30523151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a master regulator of mitosis. CPC consists of inner centromere protein (INCENP), Survivin, Borealin, and the kinase Aurora B and plays key roles in regulating kinetochore-microtubule attachments and spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. However, the role of CPC in sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by the cohesin complex, remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that Aurora B kinase activity contributes to centromeric cohesion protection partly through promoting kinetochore localization of the kinase Bub1. Interestingly, disrupting the interaction of INCENP with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in HeLa cells selectively weakens cohesion at mitotic centromeres without detectably reducing the kinase activity of Aurora B. Thus, through this INCENP-HP1 interaction, the CPC also protects centromeric cohesion independently of Aurora B kinase activity. Moreover, the requirement for the INCENP-HP1 interaction in centromeric cohesion protection can be bypassed by tethering HP1 to centromeres or by depleting the cohesin release factor Wapl. We provide further evidence suggesting that the INCENP-HP1 interaction protects centromeric cohesion by promoting the centromere localization of Haspin, a protein kinase that antagonizes Wapl activity at centromeres. Taken together, this study identifies Aurora B kinase activity-dependent and -independent roles for the CPC in regulating centromeric cohesion during mitosis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yi
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qinfu Chen
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cai Liang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xingfeng Xiang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- From the Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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26
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The Role of Maternal HP1a in Early Drosophila Embryogenesis via Regulation of Maternal Transcript Production. Genetics 2018; 211:201-217. [PMID: 30442760 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a) is a highly conserved and versatile epigenetic factor that can both silence and activate transcription. However, the function of HP1a in development has been underinvestigated. Here, we report the role of maternal HP1a in producing maternal transcripts that drive early Drosophila embryogenesis. Maternal HP1a upregulates genes involved in translation, mRNA splicing, and cell division, but downregulates genes involved in neurogenesis, organogenesis, and germline development, which all occur later in development. Our study reveals the earliest contribution of HP1a during oogenesis in regulating the production of maternal transcripts that drive early Drosophila embryogenesis.
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27
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Spindle tubulin and MTOC asymmetries may explain meiotic drive in oocytes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2952. [PMID: 30054463 PMCID: PMC6063951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first meiotic division (MI) of oocytes, the cortically positioned spindle causes bivalent segregation in which only the centre-facing homologue pairs are retained. 'Selfish' chromosomes are known to exist, which bias their spindle orientation and hence retention in the egg, a process known as 'meiotic drive'. Here we report on this phenomenon in oocytes from F1 hybrid mice, where parental strain differences in centromere size allows distinction of the two homologue pairs of a bivalent. Bivalents with centromere and kinetochore asymmetry show meiotic drive by rotating during prometaphase, in a process dependent on aurora kinase activity. Cortically positioned homologue pairs appear to be under greater stretch than their centre-facing partners. Additionally the cortex spindle-half contain a greater density of tubulin and microtubule organising centres. A model is presented in which meiotic drive is explained by the impact of microtubule force asymmetry on chromosomes with different sized centromeres and kinetochores.
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28
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Saurin AT. Kinase and Phosphatase Cross-Talk at the Kinetochore. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:62. [PMID: 29971233 PMCID: PMC6018199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple kinases and phosphatases act on the kinetochore to control chromosome segregation: Aurora B, Mps1, Bub1, Plk1, Cdk1, PP1, and PP2A-B56, have all been shown to regulate both kinetochore-microtubule attachments and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Given that so many kinases and phosphatases converge onto two key mitotic processes, it is perhaps not surprising to learn that they are, quite literally, entangled in cross-talk. Inhibition of any one of these enzymes produces secondary effects on all the others, which results in a complicated picture that is very difficult to interpret. This review aims to clarify this picture by first collating the direct effects of each enzyme into one overarching schematic of regulation at the Knl1/Mis12/Ndc80 (KMN) network (a major signaling hub at the outer kinetochore). This schematic will then be used to discuss the implications of the cross-talk that connects these enzymes; both in terms of why it may be needed to produce the right type of kinetochore signals and why it nevertheless complicates our interpretations about which enzymes control what processes. Finally, some general experimental approaches will be discussed that could help to characterize kinetochore signaling by dissociating the direct from indirect effect of kinase or phosphatase inhibition in vivo. Together, this review should provide a framework to help understand how a network of kinases and phosphatases cooperate to regulate two key mitotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T. Saurin
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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