1
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Lee DY, Chun JN, Cho M, So I, Jeon JH. Emerging role of E2F8 in human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166745. [PMID: 37164180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
E2F8 is a multifaceted transcription factor that plays a crucial role in mediating the hallmarks of cancer, including sustaining proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. Aberrant E2F8 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in most human cancers. However, E2F8 also exhibits tumor-suppressing activity; thus, the role of E2F8 in cell-fate determination is unclear. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in understanding the role of E2F8 in human cancers, which will contribute to building a conceptual framework and broadening our knowledge pertaining to E2F8. This review provides insight into future challenges and perspectives regarding the translation of biological knowledge into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Nyeo Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Cho
- Independent researcher, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Fischer M, Schade AE, Branigan TB, Müller GA, DeCaprio JA. Coordinating gene expression during the cell cycle. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:1009-1022. [PMID: 35835684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle-dependent gene transcription is tightly controlled by the retinoblastoma (RB):E2F and DREAM complexes, which repress all cell cycle genes during quiescence. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation of RB and DREAM allows for the expression of two gene sets. The first set of genes, with peak expression in G1/S, is activated by E2F transcription factors (TFs) and is required for DNA synthesis. The second set, with maximum expression during G2/M, is required for mitosis and is coordinated by the MuvB complex, together with B-MYB and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). In this review, we summarize the key findings that established the distinct control mechanisms regulating G1/S and G2/M gene expression in mammals and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the temporal control of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Amy E Schade
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy B Branigan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerd A Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Segeren HA, Westendorp B. Mechanisms used by cancer cells to tolerate drug-induced replication stress. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215804. [PMID: 35750276 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Activation of oncogenes in cancer cells forces cell proliferation, leading to DNA replication stress (RS). As a consequence, cancer cells heavily rely on the intra S-phase checkpoint for survival. This fundamental principle formed the basis for the development of inhibitors against key players of the intra S-phase checkpoint, ATR and CHK1. These drugs are often combined with chemotherapeutic drugs that interfere with DNA replication to exacerbate RS and exhaust the intra S-phase checkpoint in cancer cells. However, drug resistance impedes efficient clinical use, suggesting that some cancer cells tolerate severe RS. In this review, we describe how an increased nucleotide pool, boosted stabilization and repair of stalled forks and firing of dormant origins fortify the RS response in cancer cells. Notably, the vast majority of the genes that confer RS tolerance are regulated by the E2F and NRF2 transcription factors. These transcriptional programs are frequently activated in cancer cells, allowing simultaneous activation of multiple tolerance avenues. We propose that the E2F and NRF2 transcriptional programs can be used as biomarker to select patients for treatment with RS-inducing drugs and as novel targets to kill RS-tolerant cancer cells. Together, this review aims to provide a framework to maximally exploit RS as an Achilles' heel of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrika A Segeren
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Chen L, Luo Z, Zhao C, Li Q, Geng Y, Xiao Y, Chen MK, Li L, Chen ZX, Wu M. Dynamic Chromatin States Coupling with Key Transcription Factors in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE 2022; 9:e2200536. [PMID: 35712778 PMCID: PMC9376751 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms for transition from colitis to CRC remain elusive. Recently, epigenetic changes have emerged as important regulatory factors for colitis-associated cancer. Here, a systematic epigenomic study of histone modifications is performed, including H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, in an AOM-DSS-induced CRC mouse model. In combination with transcriptomic data, the authors generate a dataset of 105 deep sequencing files and illustrate the dynamic landscape of chromatin states at five time points during inflammation-cancer transition. Functional gene clusters are identified based on dynamic transcriptomic and epigenomic information, and key signaling pathways in the process are illustrated. This study's results reveal that enhancer state regions play important roles during inflammation-cancer transition. It predicts novel transcription factors based on enhancer information, and experimentally proves OTX2 as a critical tumor suppressive transcription factor. Taken together, this study provides comprehensive epigenomic data and reveals novel molecular mechanisms for colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Zhihui Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qinglan Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yingjie Geng
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lianyun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Zhen-Xia Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Min Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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5
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Lossaint G, Horvat A, Gire V, Bacevic K, Mrouj K, Charrier-Savournin F, Georget V, Fisher D, Dulic V. Reciprocal regulation of p21 and Chk1 controls the Cyclin D1-RB pathway to mediate senescence onset after G2 arrest. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274865. [PMID: 35343565 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is an irreversible proliferation withdrawal that can be initiated after DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest in G2 phase to prevent genomic instability. Senescence onset in G2 requires p53 and RB family tumour suppressors, but how they are regulated to convert a temporary cell cycle arrest into a permanent one remains unknown. Here, we show that a previously unrecognised balance between the CDK inhibitor p21 and Chk1 controls D-type cyclin-CDK activity during G2 arrest. In non-transformed cells, p21 activates RB in G2 by inhibiting Cyclin D1-CDK2/CDK4. The resulting G2 exit, which precedes appearance of senescence markers, is associated with a mitotic bypass, Chk1 downregulation and DNA damage foci reduction. In p53/RB-proficient cancer cells, compromised G2 exit correlates with sustained Chk1 activity, delayed p21 induction, untimely Cyclin E1 re-expression and genome reduplication. Conversely, Chk1 depletion promotes senescence by inducing p21 binding to Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1-CDK complexes and down-regulating CDK6, whereas Chk2 knockdown enables RB phosphorylation and delays G2 exit. In conclusion, p21 and Chk2 oppose Chk1 to maintain RB activity, thus promoting DNA damage-induced senescence onset in G2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karim Mrouj
- IGMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Virginie Georget
- CRBM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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6
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Hernández-Quiles M, Baak R, Borgman A, den Haan S, Sobrevals Alcaraz P, van Es R, Kiss-Toth E, Vos H, Kalkhoven E. Comprehensive Profiling of Mammalian Tribbles Interactomes Implicates TRIB3 in Gene Repression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6318. [PMID: 34944947 PMCID: PMC8699236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The three human Tribbles (TRIB) pseudokinases have been implicated in a plethora of signaling and metabolic processes linked to cancer initiation and progression and can potentially be used as biomarkers of disease and prognosis. While their modes of action reported so far center around protein-protein interactions, the comprehensive profiling of TRIB interactomes has not been reported yet. Here, we have developed a robust mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approach to characterize Tribbles' interactomes and report a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the TRIB1, -2 and -3 interactomes, as well as domain-specific interactions for TRIB3. Interestingly, TRIB3, which is predominantly localized in the nucleus, interacts with multiple transcriptional regulators, including proteins involved in gene repression. Indeed, we found that TRIB3 repressed gene transcription when tethered to DNA in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our comprehensive proteomic assessment reveals previously unknown interacting partners and functions of Tribbles proteins that expand our understanding of this family of proteins. In addition, our findings show that MS-based proteomics provides a powerful tool to unravel novel pseudokinase biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernández-Quiles
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Rosalie Baak
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Anouska Borgman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Suzanne den Haan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
| | - Paula Sobrevals Alcaraz
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (R.v.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Robert van Es
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (R.v.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Harmjan Vos
- Oncode Institute and Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.S.A.); (R.v.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.H.-Q.); (R.B.); (A.B.); (S.d.H.)
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7
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Klomp JE, Lee YS, Goodwin CM, Papke B, Klomp JA, Waters AM, Stalnecker CA, DeLiberty JM, Drizyte-Miller K, Yang R, Diehl JN, Yin HH, Pierobon M, Baldelli E, Ryan MB, Li S, Peterson J, Smith AR, Neal JT, McCormick AK, Kuo CJ, Counter CM, Petricoin EF, Cox AD, Bryant KL, Der CJ. CHK1 protects oncogenic KRAS-expressing cells from DNA damage and is a target for pancreatic cancer treatment. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110060. [PMID: 34852220 PMCID: PMC8665414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply genetic screens to delineate modulators of KRAS mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) sensitivity to ERK inhibitor treatment, and we identify components of the ATR-CHK1 DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of CHK1 alone causes apoptotic growth suppression of both PDAC cell lines and organoids, which correlates with loss of MYC expression. CHK1 inhibition also activates ERK and AMPK and increases autophagy, providing a mechanistic basis for increased efficacy of concurrent CHK1 and ERK inhibition and/or autophagy inhibition with chloroquine. To assess how CHK1 inhibition-induced ERK activation promotes PDAC survival, we perform a CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen targeting direct/indirect ERK substrates and identify RIF1. A key component of non-homologous end joining repair, RIF1 suppression sensitizes PDAC cells to CHK1 inhibition-mediated apoptotic growth suppression. Furthermore, ERK inhibition alone decreases RIF1 expression and phenocopies RIF1 depletion. We conclude that concurrent DDR suppression enhances the efficacy of ERK and/or autophagy inhibitors in KRAS mutant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ye S Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig M Goodwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Björn Papke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeff A Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew M Waters
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Clint A Stalnecker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan M DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristina Drizyte-Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Runying Yang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Nathaniel Diehl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hongwei H Yin
- Departments of Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Elisa Baldelli
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Meagan B Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jackson Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Amber R Smith
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James T Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron K McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher M Counter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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8
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Luo H, Tao C, Long X, Zhu X, Huang K. Early 2 factor (E2F) transcription factors contribute to malignant progression and have clinical prognostic value in lower-grade glioma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7765-7779. [PMID: 34617871 PMCID: PMC8806968 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1985340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early 2 factor (E2F) genes encoding a family of transcription factors are significantly associated with apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis in several tumor types. However, the biological functions of E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) and their potential involvement in the malignancy of lower-grade glioma (LGG) remain unclear. We explored the effects of the expression of eight E2F family members on the clinical characteristics of LGG based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and GSE16011 datasets. Two LGG subgroups were identified according to the consensus clustering of the eight E2Fs. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm for further functional experiments and the development of a potential risk score. Two categories of patients with LGG were identified based on the median risk scores. We then developed a nomogram based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the bioinformatics results. Our results indicated that E2F family members were significantly involved in the malignancy of LGG and might serve as effective prognostic biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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9
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Atypical E2Fs either Counteract or Cooperate with RB during Tumorigenesis Depending on Tissue Context. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092033. [PMID: 33922435 PMCID: PMC8122802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In virtually all human malignancies, the CDK-RB-E2F pathway is dysregulated resulting in the activation of the E2F transcriptional network. Rb and atypical E2Fs are the most important negative regulators of E2F-dependent transcription during tumorigenesis. However, it is unknown whether they cooporate or act independently in tumor development. Here we show that combined loss of RB and atypical E2Fs in mice enhances tumorigenesis in the liver, while in the pituitary gland, we observe inhibition of tumorigenesis. These findings suggest that the interaction between RB and atypical E2Fs in controlling tumorigenesis occurs in a tissue cell-type specific manner. Abstract E2F-transcription factors activate many genes involved in cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Hence, E2F-dependent transcription must be tightly regulated to prevent tumorigenesis, and therefore metazoan cells possess multiple E2F regulation mechanisms. The best-known is the Retinoblastoma protein (RB), which is mutated in many cancers. Atypical E2Fs (E2F7 and −8) can repress E2F-target gene expression independently of RB and are rarely mutated in cancer. Therefore, they may act as emergency brakes in RB-mutated cells to suppress tumor growth. Currently, it is unknown if and how RB and atypical E2Fs functionally interact in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that mice with liver-specific combinatorial deletion of Rb and E2f7/8 have reduced life-spans compared to E2f7/8 or Rb deletion alone. This was associated with increased proliferation and enhanced malignant progression of liver tumors. Hence, atypical repressor E2Fs and RB cooperatively act as tumor suppressors in hepatocytes. In contrast, loss of either E2f7 or E2f8 largely prevented the formation of pituitary tumors in Rb+/− mice. To test whether atypical E2Fs can also function as oncogenes independent of RB loss, we induced long-term overexpression of E2f7 or E2f8 in mice. E2F7 and −8 overexpression increased the incidence of tumors in the lungs, but not in other tissues. Collectively, these data show that atypical E2Fs can promote but also inhibit tumorigenesis depending on tissue type and RB status. We propose that the complex interactions between atypical E2Fs and RB on maintenance of genetic stability underlie this context-dependency.
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10
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Gupta P, Saha B, Chattopadhyay S, Patro BS. Pharmacological targeting of differential DNA repair, radio-sensitizes WRN-deficient cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114450. [PMID: 33571504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Werner (WRN) expression is epigenetically downregulated in various tumors. It is imperative to understand differential repair process in WRN-proficient and WRN-deficient cancers to find pharmacological targets for radio-sensitization of WRN-deficient cancer. In the current investigation, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 mediated homologous recombination repair (HRR), but not non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair, can causes hyper-radiosensitization of WRN-deficient cancers. This was confirmed in cancer cell lines of different tissue origin (osteosarcoma, colon adenocarcinoma and melanoma) with WRN silencing and overexpression. We established that WRN-depleted cells are dependent on a critical but compromised CHK1-mediated HRR-pathway for repairing ionizing radiation (IR) induced DSBs for their survival. Mechanistically, we unraveled a new finding that the MRE11, CTIP and WRN proteins are largely responsible for resections of late and persistent DSBs. In response to IR-treatment, MRE11 and CTIP-positively and WRN-negatively regulate p38-MAPK reactivation in a CHK1-dependent manner. A degradation resistant WRN protein, mutated at serine 1141, abrogates p38-MAPK activation. We also showed that CHK1-p38-MAPK axis plays important role in RAD51 mediated HRR in WRN-silenced cells. Like CHK1 inhibition, pharmacological-inhibition of p38-MAPK also hyper-radiosensitizes WRN-depleted cells by targeting HR-pathway. Combination treatment of CHK1-inhibitor (currently under various clinical trials) and IR exhibited a strong synergy against WRN-deficient melanoma tumor in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of CHK1-p38-MAPK mediated HRR is an attractive strategy for enhancing therapeutic response of radiation treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gupta
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Subrata Chattopadhyay
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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11
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Moreno E, Toussaint MJ, van Essen SC, Bongiovanni L, van Liere EA, Koster MH, Yuan R, van Deursen JM, Westendorp B, de Bruin A. E2F7 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Liver Tumor Growth in Adult Mice. Hepatology 2021; 73:303-317. [PMID: 32259305 PMCID: PMC7898887 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Up-regulation of the E2F-dependent transcriptional network has been identified in nearly every human malignancy and is an important driver of tumorigenesis. Two members of the E2F family, E2F7 and E2F8, are potent repressors of E2F-dependent transcription. They are atypical in that they do not bind to dimerization partner proteins and are not controlled by retinoblastoma protein. The physiological relevance of E2F7 and E2F8 remains incompletely understood, largely because tools to manipulate their activity in vivo have been lacking. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we generated transgenic mice with doxycycline-controlled transcriptional activation of E2f7 and E2f8 and induced their expression during postnatal development, in adulthood, and in the context of cancer. Systemic induction of E2f7 and, to lesser extent, E2f8 transgenes in juvenile mice impaired cell proliferation, caused replication stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis, and inhibited animal growth. In adult mice, however, E2F7 and E2F8 induction was well tolerated, yet profoundly interfered with DNA replication, DNA integrity, and cell proliferation in diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumors. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings demonstrate that atypical E2Fs can override cell-cycle entry and progression governed by other E2F family members and suggest that this property can be exploited to inhibit proliferation of neoplastic hepatocytes when growth and development have subsided during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Moreno
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Mathilda J.M. Toussaint
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Saskia C. van Essen
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Elsbeth A. van Liere
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- Division Molecular GeneticsDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ruixue Yuan
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands,Department of PathologyAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jan M. van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands,Division Molecular GeneticsDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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12
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Ji M, Ren L, Lv Y, Lao X, Feng Q, Tang W, Zhuang A, Liu T, Zheng P, Xu J. Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N Accelerates Malignant Progression and Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Transcriptionally Regulated by E2F8. Front Oncol 2020; 10:561287. [PMID: 33224876 PMCID: PMC7669248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.561287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is crucial to develop new strategies to avoid colorectal cancer-related deaths. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) is an imprinted gene that plays an important role in various neurodevelopmental disabilities. In this study, SNRPN was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and involved in the progression of this disease. Immunohistochemistry analysis of 1,310 colorectal cancer tissue samples showed that SNRPN highly expressed in cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues and was mainly localized in the nucleus. Clinical pathological factor analysis demonstrated that higher expression of SNRPN was significantly associated with larger tumor size, location of the tumor on the left-sided colon, neural invasion, and distant metastasis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that SNRPN expression was an independent risk factor for survival, with high expression levels indicating worse overall survival. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that high expression of SNRPN was associated with tumor proliferation, cell cycle, and metastasis. Knocking down SNRPN blocked the cell cycle at the G2/M phase transition and promoted tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting the progression of colorectal cancer. To explore the up-steam of SNRPN, we found by luciferase reporter assay and chromosomal immunoprecipitation assay that E2F8 was a transcriptional regulator up-steam of SNRPN in colorectal cancer. Systematic studies of SNRPN will help us discover new regulatory molecules and provide a theoretical basis for finding new molecular targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Lao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aobo Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Ghosal A, Sarkar P, Sundaram G. Communication between Cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2 and the Wis1-Spc1 MAPK pathway determines mitotic timing in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio053322. [PMID: 32554481 PMCID: PMC7390630 DOI: 10.1242/bio.053322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint activation and gene expression modulation represent key determinants of cellular survival in adverse conditions. The former is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) while the latter can be controlled by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Association between cell-cycle progression and MAPK-dependent gene expression exists in cells growing in optimal environments. While MAPK-mediated regulation of the cell cycle is well characterised, the reciprocal influence of mitotic CDK on stress response is not well studied. We present evidence that CDK activity can regulate the extent of MAPK activation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells. We show that increasing or decreasing mitotic CDK (Cdc2) activity in S. pombe cells can affect the activation of stress responsive MAPK (Spc1) even in the absence of stress stimuli. Our results indicate that the strong correlation between Cdc2 activity and Spc1 MAPK-activity in S. pombe is important in regulating mitotic timing.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agamani Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, WB, India
| | - Priyanka Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, WB, India
| | - Geetanjali Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, WB, India
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14
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Dibitetto D, Sims JR, Ascenção CFR, Feng K, Kim D, Oberly S, Freire R, Smolka MB. Intrinsic ATR signaling shapes DNA end resection and suppresses toxic DNA-PKcs signaling. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa006. [PMID: 32743550 PMCID: PMC7380482 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer cells experience oncogene-induced replication stress and, as a result, exhibit high intrinsic activation of the ATR kinase. Although cancer cells often become more dependent on ATR for survival, the precise mechanism by which ATR signaling ensures cancer cell fitness and viability remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that intrinsic ATR signaling is crucial for the ability of cancer cells to promote DNA end resection, the first step in homology-directed DNA repair. Inhibition of ATR over multiple cell division cycles depletes the pool of pro-resection factors and prevents the engagement of RAD51 as well as RAD52 at nuclear foci, leading to toxic DNA-PKcs signaling and hypersensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The effect is markedly distinct from acute ATR inhibition, which blocks RAD51-mediated repair but not resection and engagement of RAD52. Our findings reveal a key pro-resection function for ATR and define how ATR inhibitors can be used for effective manipulation of DNA end resection capacity and DNA repair outcomes in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dibitetto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jennie R Sims
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carolline F R Ascenção
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kevin Feng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dongsung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Susannah Oberly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra s/n, La Cuesta, 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Fan Y, Cheng Y, Li Y, Chen B, Wang Z, Wei T, Zhang H, Guo Y, Wang Q, Wei Y, Chen F, Sha J, Guo X, Wang L. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Neonatal Regenerative Myocardium Revealed Important Roles of Checkpoint Kinase 1 via Activating Mammalian Target of Rapamycin C1/Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase b-1 Pathway. Circulation 2020; 141:1554-1569. [PMID: 32098494 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, regenerative therapy after myocardial infarction is hampered by the limited regenerative capacity of adult heart, whereas a transient regenerative capacity is maintained in the neonatal heart. Systemic phosphorylation signaling analysis on ischemic neonatal myocardium might be helpful to identify key pathways involved in heart regeneration. Our aim was to define the kinase-substrate network in ischemic neonatal myocardium and to identify key pathways involved in heart regeneration after ischemic insult. METHODS Quantitative phosphoproteomics profiling was performed on infarct border zone of neonatal myocardium, and kinase-substrate network analysis revealed 11 kinases with enriched substrates and upregulated phosphorylation levels, including checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) kinase. The effect of CHK1 on cardiac regeneration was tested on Institute of Cancer Research CD1 neonatal and adult mice that underwent apical resection or myocardial infarction. RESULTS In vitro, CHK1 overexpression promoted whereas CHK1 knockdown blunted cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vivo, inhibition of CHK1 hindered myocardial regeneration on resection border zone in neonatal mice. In adult myocardial infarction mice, CHK1 overexpression on infarct border zone upregulated mammalian target of rapamycin C1/ribosomal protein S6 kinase b-1 pathway, promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, and improved cardiac function. Inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin activity by rapamycin blunted the neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation induced by CHK1 overexpression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that phosphoproteome of neonatal regenerative myocardium could help identify important signaling pathways involved in myocardial regeneration. CHK1 is found to be a key signaling responsible for neonatal regeneration. Myocardial overexpression of CHK1 could improve cardiac regeneration in adult hearts by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin C1/ribosomal protein S6 kinase b-1 pathway. Thus, CHK1 might serve as a potential novel target in myocardial repair after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Y.F., Y.L., B.C., Z.W., T.W., Q.W., L.W.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yiwei Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Y.F., Y.L., B.C., Z.W., T.W., Q.W., L.W.), Nanjing Medical University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology (Y.C., H.Z., Y.G., J.S., X.G.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | | | - Bingrui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Y.F., Y.L., B.C., Z.W., T.W., Q.W., L.W.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Zimu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Y.F., Y.L., B.C., Z.W., T.W., Q.W., L.W.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Tianwen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Y.F., Y.L., B.C., Z.W., T.W., Q.W., L.W.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology (Y.C., H.Z., Y.G., J.S., X.G.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology (Y.C., H.Z., Y.G., J.S., X.G.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Y.F., Y.L., B.C., Z.W., T.W., Q.W., L.W.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health (Y.W., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health (Y.W., F.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology (Y.C., H.Z., Y.G., J.S., X.G.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology (Y.C., H.Z., Y.G., J.S., X.G.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Y.F., Y.L., B.C., Z.W., T.W., Q.W., L.W.), Nanjing Medical University, China
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16
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Ma J, Chen W, Wang K, Tian K, Li Q, Zhao T, Zhang L, Wang L, Wu Z, Zhang J. Identification of the Different Roles and Potential Mechanisms of T Isoforms in the Tumor Recurrence and Cell Cycle of Chordomas. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11777-11791. [PMID: 32099384 PMCID: PMC6997418 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The roles of T (brachyury) isoforms in chordomas remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the different roles and mechanisms of them in chordomas. Patients and methods The expression of T isoforms mRNAs in 57 chordomas was assessed, and a prognosis analysis was conducted. Cell apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle assays were performed after specific T isoform mRNA knockdown. Whole-transcriptome sequencing, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis were conducted. Results As revealed in this study, the T-long isoform was a significant risk factor (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; P=0.018) and the T-short isoform was a protective factor (HR, 0.24; P=0.012) associated with tumor recurrence. After T-long isoform knockdown, the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase and cell proliferation was significantly inhibited. A bioinformatic analysis revealed that the upregulation of H19, P21 and GADD45B; downregulation of SKP2 and CDK2; and accompanying changes in the P53 signaling pathway consistently contributed to G0/G1 arrest. After T-short isoform knockdown, the cell cycle was arrested at G2/M phase and cell apoptosis tended to increase slightly (P=0.067). The upregulation of YWHAZ and downregulation of E2F1 and its target genes might contribute to cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and apoptosis. In addition, the ceRNA network, consisting of long noncoding RNAs, mRNAs and microRNAs, was established. Conclusion The T-long isoform was a risk factor and the T-short isoform was a protective factor for chordoma recurrence. In addition, the cell cycle was the main target of T isoforms knockdown, and the changes in the downstream transcriptome may contribute to the different effects of specific T isoform knockdown on the changes in the cell cycle distributions and apoptosis and proliferation of chordoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaibing Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianna Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brian Tumor, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brian Tumor, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brian Tumor, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brian Tumor, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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17
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Karagoz K, Mehta GA, Khella CA, Khanna P, Gatza ML. Integrative proteogenomic analyses of human tumours identifies ADNP as a novel oncogenic mediator of cell cycle progression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer with poor prognosis. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:191-202. [PMID: 31767542 PMCID: PMC6921307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite toxic side effects and limited durable response, the current standard-of-care treatment for high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy. Given that the overall prognosis has not improved drastically over the past several decades, there is a critical need to understand the underlying mechanisms that lead to tumour development and progression. Methods We utilized an integrative proteogenomic analysis of HGSOC tumours applying a poor prognosis gene expression signature (PPS) as a conceptual framework to analyse orthogonal genomic and proteomic data from the TCGA (n = 488) and CPTAC (n = 169) studies. Genes identified through in silico analyses were assessed in vitro studies to demonstrate their impact on proliferation and cell cycle progression. Findings These analyses identified DNA amplification and overexpression of the transcription factor ADNP (Activity Dependent Neuroprotector Homeobox) in poorly prognostic tumours. Validation studies confirmed the prognostic capacity of ADNP and suggested an oncogenic role for this protein given the association between ADNP expression and pro-proliferative signalling. In vitro studies confirmed ADNP as a novel and essential mediator of cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. Interpretation We identified ADNP as being amplified and overexpressed in poor prognosis HGSOC in silico analyses and demonstrated that ADNP is a novel and essential oncogene in HGSOC which mediates proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints in vitro. Funding The National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, the V Foundation for Cancer Research and the New Jersey Commission for Cancer Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Karagoz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, United States; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick NJ, United States
| | - Gaurav A Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, United States; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick NJ, United States
| | - Christen A Khella
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, United States; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick NJ, United States
| | - Pooja Khanna
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, United States; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick NJ, United States
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, United States; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick NJ, United States.
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18
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Yuan R, Liu Q, Segeren HA, Yuniati L, Guardavaccaro D, Lebbink RJ, Westendorp B, de Bruin A. Cyclin F-dependent degradation of E2F7 is critical for DNA repair and G2-phase progression. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101430. [PMID: 31475738 PMCID: PMC6792010 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F7 and E2F8 act as tumor suppressors via transcriptional repression of genes involved in S-phase entry and progression. Previously, we demonstrated that these atypical E2Fs are degraded by APC/CC dh1 during G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, the mechanism driving the downregulation of atypical E2Fs during G2 phase is unknown. Here, we show that E2F7 is targeted for degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFcyclin F during G2. Cyclin F binds via its cyclin domain to a conserved C-terminal CY motif on E2F7. An E2F7 mutant unable to interact with SCFcyclin F remains stable during G2. Furthermore, SCFcyclin F can also interact and induce degradation of E2F8. However, this does not require the cyclin domain of SCFcyclin F nor the CY motifs in the C-terminus of E2F8, implying a different regulatory mechanism than for E2F7. Importantly, depletion of cyclin F causes an atypical-E2F-dependent delay of the G2/M transition, accompanied by reduced expression of E2F target genes involved in DNA repair. Live cell imaging of DNA damage revealed that cyclin F-dependent regulation of atypical E2Fs is critical for efficient DNA repair and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yuan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qingwu Liu
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika A Segeren
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurensia Yuniati
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Guardavaccaro
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Robert J Lebbink
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division Molecular Genetics, Department Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Clements KE, Thakar T, Nicolae CM, Liang X, Wang HG, Moldovan GL. Loss of E2F7 confers resistance to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA2-deficient cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8898-8907. [PMID: 30032296 PMCID: PMC6158596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA proteins are essential for homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, and their germline or somatic inactivation is frequently observed in human tumors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of BRCA-deficient tumors to chemotherapy is paramount for developing improved personalized cancer therapies. While PARP inhibitors have been recently approved for treatment of BRCA-mutant breast and ovarian cancers, not all patients respond to this therapy, and resistance to these novel drugs remains a major clinical problem. Several mechanisms of chemoresistance in BRCA2-deficient cells have been identified. Rather than restoring normal recombination, these mechanisms result in stabilization of stalled replication forks, which can be subjected to degradation in BRCA2-mutated cells. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor E2F7 modulates the chemosensitivity of BRCA2-deficient cells. We found that BRCA2-deficient cells are less sensitive to PARP inhibitor and cisplatin treatment after E2F7 depletion. Moreover, we show that the mechanism underlying this activity involves increased expression of RAD51, a target for E2F7-mediated transcriptional repression, which enhances both HR DNA repair, and replication fork stability in BRCA2-deficient cells. Our work describes a new mechanism of therapy resistance in BRCA2-deficient cells, and identifies E2F7 as a putative biomarker for tumor response to PARP inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Clements
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Tanay Thakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Xinwen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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20
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Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-RB-E2F axis forms the core transcriptional machinery driving cell cycle progression, dictating the timing and fidelity of genome replication and ensuring genetic material is accurately passed through each cell division cycle. The ultimate effectors of this axis are members of a family of eight distinct E2F genes encoding transcriptional activators and repressors. E2F transcriptional activity is tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle via transcriptional and translational regulation, post-translational modifications, protein degradation, binding to cofactors and subcellular localization. Alterations in one or more key components of this axis (CDKs, cyclins, CDK inhibitors and the RB family of proteins) occur in virtually all cancers and result in heightened oncogenic E2F activity, leading to uncontrolled proliferation. In this Review, we discuss the activities of E2F proteins with an emphasis on the newest atypical E2F family members, the specific and redundant functions of E2F proteins, how misexpression of E2F transcriptional targets promotes cancer and both current and developing therapeutic strategies being used to target this oncogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Kent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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21
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Abstract
The inactivation of critical cell cycle checkpoints by the human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 results in replication stress (RS) that leads to genomic instability in premalignant lesions. Intriguingly, RS tolerance is achieved through several mechanisms, enabling HPV to exploit the cellular RS response for viral replication and to facilitate viral persistence in the presence of DNA damage. As such, inhibitors of the RS response pathway may provide a novel approach to target HPV-associated lesions and cancers.
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22
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Sen O, Saurin AT, Higgins JMG. The live cell DNA stain SiR-Hoechst induces DNA damage responses and impairs cell cycle progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7898. [PMID: 29785044 PMCID: PMC5962532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SiR-Hoechst (SiR-DNA) is a far-red fluorescent DNA probe being used widely for time-lapse imaging of living cells that is reported to be minimally toxic at concentrations as high as 10-25 µM. However, measuring nuclear import of Cyclin B1, inhibition of mitotic entry, and the induction of γH2AX foci in cultured human cells reveals that SiR-Hoechst induces DNA damage responses and G2 arrest at concentrations well below 1 µM. SiR-Hoechst is useful for live cell imaging, but it should be used with caution and at the lowest practicable concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Sen
- Cell Division Biology Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Cell Division Biology Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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