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Luo W, Zhang H, Wan R, Cai Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Luo Z, Shang X. Biomaterials-Based Technologies in Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304196. [PMID: 38712598 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
For many clinically prevalent severe injuries, the inherent regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle remains inadequate. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) seeks to meet this clinical demand. With continuous progress in biomedicine and related technologies including micro/nanotechnology and 3D printing, numerous studies have uncovered various intrinsic mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and developed tailored biomaterial systems based on these understandings. Here, the skeletal muscle structure and regeneration process are discussed and the diverse biomaterial systems derived from various technologies are explored in detail. Biomaterials serve not merely as local niches for cell growth, but also as scaffolds endowed with structural or physicochemical properties that provide tissue regenerative cues such as topographical, electrical, and mechanical signals. They can also act as delivery systems for stem cells and bioactive molecules that have been shown as key participants in endogenous repair cascades. To achieve bench-to-bedside translation, the typical effect enabled by biomaterial systems and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized. Insights into the roles of biomaterials in SMTE from cellular and molecular perspectives are provided. Finally, perspectives on the advancement of SMTE are provided, for which gene therapy, exosomes, and hybrid biomaterials may hold promise to make important contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Hanli Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Renwen Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Shang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
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2
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Zhao Z, Guo D, Wei Y, Li J, Jia X, Niu Y, Liu Z, Bai Y, Chen Z, Shi B, Zhang X, Hu J, Wang J, Liu X, Li S. Integrative ATAC-seq and RNA-seq Analysis of the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Gannan Yak and Jeryak. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6029. [PMID: 38892214 PMCID: PMC11172533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Jeryak is the F1 generation of the cross between Gannan yak and Jersey cattle, which has the advantages of fast growth and high adaptability. The growth and development of skeletal muscle is closely linked to meat production and the quality of meat. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of muscle growth differences between Gannan yak and Jeryak analyzed from the perspective of chromatin opening have not been reported. In this study, ATAC-seq was used to analyze the difference of chromatin openness in longissimus muscle of Gannan yak and Jeryak. It was found that chromatin accessibility was more enriched in Jeryak compared to Gannan yak, especially in the range of the transcription start site (TSS) ± 2 kb. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicate that differential peak-associated genes are involved in the negative regulation of muscle adaptation and the Hippo signaling pathway. Integration analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq revealed overlapping genes were significantly enriched during skeletal muscle cell differentiation and muscle organ morphogenesis. At the same time, we screened FOXO1, ZBED6, CRY2 and CFL2 for possible involvement in skeletal muscle development, constructed a genes and transcription factors network map, and found that some transcription factors (TFs), including YY1, KLF4, KLF5 and Bach1, were involved in skeletal muscle development. Overall, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of the key factors that impact skeletal muscle development in various breeds of cattle, providing new insights for future analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in muscle growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.Z.); (D.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (Y.N.); (Z.L.); (Y.B.); (Z.C.); (B.S.); (X.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.)
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3
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Cordero J, Elsherbiny A, Wang Y, Jürgensen L, Constanty F, Günther S, Boerries M, Heineke J, Beisaw A, Leuschner F, Hassel D, Dobreva G. Leveraging chromatin state transitions for the identification of regulatory networks orchestrating heart regeneration. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4215-4233. [PMID: 38364861 PMCID: PMC11077086 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of the human heart contributes to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In contrast, zebrafish exhibit robust regenerative capacity, providing a powerful model for studying how to overcome intrinsic epigenetic barriers maintaining cardiac homeostasis and initiate regeneration. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the histone modifications H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K27ac during various stages of zebrafish heart regeneration. We found a vast gain of repressive chromatin marks one day after myocardial injury, followed by the acquisition of active chromatin characteristics on day four and a transition to a repressive state on day 14, and identified distinct transcription factor ensembles associated with these events. The rapid transcriptional response involves the engagement of super-enhancers at genes implicated in extracellular matrix reorganization and TOR signaling, while H3K4me3 breadth highly correlates with transcriptional activity and dynamic changes at genes involved in proteolysis, cell cycle activity, and cell differentiation. Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we identified transcription factors in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells influencing cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation or proliferation. Finally, we detected significant evolutionary conservation between regulatory regions that drive zebrafish and neonatal mouse heart regeneration, suggesting that reactivating transcriptional and epigenetic networks converging on these regulatory elements might unlock the regenerative potential of adult human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cordero
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adel Elsherbiny
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Constanty
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 69110 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hassel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Buss LG, Rheinheimer BA, Limesand KH. Radiation-induced changes in energy metabolism result in mitochondrial dysfunction in salivary glands. Sci Rep 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 38191641 PMCID: PMC10774336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands are indirectly damaged during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in acute and chronic hyposalivation. Current treatments for radiation-induced hyposalivation do not permanently restore function to the gland; therefore, more mechanistic understanding of the damage response is needed to identify therapeutic targets for lasting restoration. Energy metabolism reprogramming has been observed in cancer and wound healing models to provide necessary fuel for cell proliferation; however, there is limited understanding of alterations in energy metabolism reprogramming in tissues that fail to heal. We measured extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates, assessed mitochondrial DNA copy number, and tested fuel dependency of irradiated primary salivary acinar cells. Radiation treatment leads to increases in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate at acute and intermediate time points. In contrast, at chronic radiation time points there is a significant decrease in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate. Irradiated salivary glands exhibit significant decreases in spare respiratory capacity and increases in mitochondrial DNA copy number at days 5 and 30 post-treatment, suggesting a mitochondrial dysfunction phenotype. These results elucidate kinetic changes in energy metabolism reprogramming of irradiated salivary glands that may underscore the chronic loss of function phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Buss
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St, Shantz Building Room 421, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brenna A Rheinheimer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St, Shantz Building Room 421, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kirsten H Limesand
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St, Shantz Building Room 421, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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5
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Li J, Chen Z, Bai Y, Wei Y, Guo D, Liu Z, Niu Y, Shi B, Zhang X, Cai Y, Zhao Z, Hu J, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F. Integration of ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq Analysis to Identify Key Genes in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Development of the Tianzhu White Yak. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:158. [PMID: 38203329 PMCID: PMC10779322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal stages, skeletal muscle development undergoes a series of meticulously regulated alterations in gene expression. However, limited studies have employed chromatin accessibility to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms governing muscle development in yak species. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of both gene expression levels and chromatin accessibility to comprehensively characterize the dynamic genome-wide chromatin accessibility during muscle growth and development in the Tianzhu white yak, thereby elucidating the features of accessible chromatin regions throughout this process. Initially, we compared the differences in chromatin accessibility between two groups and observed that calves exhibited higher levels of chromatin accessibility compared to adult cattle, particularly within ±2 kb of the transcription start site (TSS). In order to investigate the correlation between alterations in chromatin accessible regions and variations in gene expression levels, we employed a combination of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq techniques, leading to the identification of 18 central transcriptional factors (TFs) and 110 key genes with significant effects. Through further analysis, we successfully identified several TFs, including Sp1, YY1, MyoG, MEF2A and MEF2C, as well as a number of candidate genes (ANKRD2, ANKRD1, BTG2 and LMOD3) which may be closely associated with muscle growth and development. Moreover, we constructed an interactive network program encompassing hub TFs and key genes related to muscle growth and development. This innovative approach provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying skeletal muscle development in the postnatal stages of Tianzhu white yaks while also establishing a solid theoretical foundation for future research on yak muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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6
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Yang T, Hu Y, Chen S, Li L, Cao X, Yuan J, Shu F, Jiang Z, Qian S, Zhu X, Wei C, Wei R, Yan M, Li C, Yin X, Lu Q. Correction to: YY1 inactivated transcription co-regulator PGC-1α to promote mitochondrial dysfunction of early diabetic nephropathy-associated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2787-2792. [PMID: 37115478 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) could be promoted by the occurrence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), which has a close relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). As a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays an important role not only in regulating the fibrosis process but also in maintaining the mitochondrial function of pancreatic β-cells. However, it was not clear whether YY1 participated in maintaining mitochondrial function of RTECs in early DN-associated TIF. In this study, we dynamically detected mitochondrial functions and protein expression of YY1 in db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-cultured HK-2 cells. Our results showed that comparing with the occurrence of TIF, the emergence of mitochondrial dysfunction of RTECs was an earlier even, besides the up-regulated and nuclear translocated YY1. Correlation analysis showed YY1 expressions were negatively associated with PGC-1α in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism research demonstrated the formation of mTOR-YY1 heterodimer induced by HG up-regulated YY1, the nuclear translocation of which inactivated PGC-1α by binding to the PGC-1α promoter. Overexpression of YY1 induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in normal glucose-cultured HK-2 cells and 8-weeks-old db/m mice. While, dysfunctional mitochondria induced by HG could be improved by knockdown of YY1. Finally, downregulation of YY1 could retard the progression of TIF by preventing mitochondrial functions, resulting in the improvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in early DN. These findings suggested that YY1 was a novel regulator of mitochondrial function of RTECs and contributed to the occurrence of early DN-associated TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yinlu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Shangxiu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xinyun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jiayu Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Fanglin Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chujing Wei
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chenlin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209. Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, NO. 209. Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Shao A, Kissil JL, Fan CM. The L27 Domain of MPP7 enhances TAZ-YY1 Cooperation to Renew Muscle Stem Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3673774. [PMID: 38077061 PMCID: PMC10705706 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3673774/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells regenerate differentiated cells to maintain and repair tissues and organs. They also replenish themselves, i.e. self-renewal, for the regenerative process to last a lifetime. How stem cells renew is of critical biological and medical significance. Here we use the skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) to study this process. Using a combination of genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches, we show that MPP7, AMOT, and TAZ/YAP form a complex that activates a common set of target genes. Among these targets, Carm1 can direct MuSC renewal. In the absence of MPP7, TAZ can support regenerative progenitors and activate Carm1 expression, but not to a level needed for self-renewal. Facilitated by the actin polymerization-responsive AMOT, TAZ recruits the L27 domain of MPP7 to up-regulate Carm1 to the level necessary to drive MuSC renewal. The promoter of Carm1, and those of other common downstream genes, also contain binding site(s) for YY1. We further demonstrate that the L27 domain of MPP7 enhances the interaction between TAZ and YY1 to activate Carm1. Our results define a renewal transcriptional program embedded within the progenitor program, by selectively up-regulating key gene(s) within the latter, through the combination of protein interactions and in a manner dependent on the promoter context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Joseph L. Kissil
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
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8
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Buss LG, Rheinheimer BA, Limesand KH. Radiation-Induced Changes in Energy Metabolism Result in Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Salivary Glands. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568879. [PMID: 38077038 PMCID: PMC10705263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Salivary glands are indirectly damaged during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in acute and chronic hyposalivation. Current treatments for radiation-induced hyposalivation do not permanently restore function to the gland; therefore, more mechanistic understanding of the damage response is needed to identify therapeutic targets for lasting restoration. Energy metabolism reprogramming has been observed in cancer and wound healing models to provide necessary fuel for cell proliferation; however, there is limited understanding of alterations in energy metabolism reprogramming in tissues that fail to heal. We measured extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates, assessed mitochondrial DNA copy number, and tested fuel dependency of irradiated primary salivary acinar cells. Radiation treatment leads to increases in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate at acute and intermediate time points. In contrast, at chronic radiation time points there is a significant decrease in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate. Irradiated salivary glands exhibit significant decreases in spare respiratory capacity and increases in mitochondrial DNA copy number at days 5 and 30 post-treatment, suggesting a mitochondrial dysfunction phenotype. These results elucidate kinetic changes in energy metabolism reprogramming of irradiated salivary glands that may underscore the chronic loss of function phenotype.
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9
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Shao A, Kissil JL, Fan CM. The L27 Domain of MPP7 enhances TAZ-YY1 Cooperation to Renew Muscle Stem Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565166. [PMID: 37961392 PMCID: PMC10635061 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells regenerate differentiated cells to maintain and repair tissues and organs. They also replenish themselves, i.e. self-renewal, for the regenerative process to last a lifetime. How stem cells renew is of critical biological and medical significance. Here we use the skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) to study this process. Using a combination of genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches, we show that MPP7, AMOT, and TAZ/YAP form a complex that activates a common set of target genes. Among these targets, Carm1 can direct MuSC renewal. In the absence of MPP7, TAZ can support regenerative progenitors and activate Carm1 expression, but not to a level needed for self-renewal. Facilitated by the actin polymerization-responsive AMOT, TAZ recruits the L27 domain of MPP7 to up-regulate Carm1 to the level necessary to drive MuSC renewal. The promoter of Carm1, and those of other common downstream genes, also contain binding site(s) for YY1. We further demonstrate that the L27 domain of MPP7 enhances the interaction between TAZ and YY1 to activate Carm1. Our results define a renewal transcriptional program embedded within the progenitor program, by selectively up-regulating key gene(s) within the latter, through the combination of protein interactions and in a manner dependent on the promoter context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Joseph L. Kissil
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
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10
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Yoon JH, Kim S. Learning gene networks under SNP perturbation using SNP and allele-specific expression data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563661. [PMID: 37961468 PMCID: PMC10634764 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Allele-specific expression quantification from RNA-seq reads provides opportunities to study the control of gene regulatory networks by cis-acting and trans-acting genetic variants. Many existing methods performed a single-gene and single-SNP association analysis to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and placed the eQTLs against known gene networks for functional interpretation. Instead, we view eQTL data as a capture of the effects of perturbation of gene regulatory system by a large number of genetic variants and reconstruct a gene network perturbed by eQTLs. We introduce a statistical framework called CiTruss for simultaneously learning a gene network and cis-acting and trans-acting eQTLs that perturb this network, given population allele-specific expression and SNP data. CiTruss uses a multi-level conditional Gaussian graphical model to model trans-acting eQTLs perturbing the expression of both alleles in gene network at the top level and cis-acting eQTLs perturbing the expression of each allele at the bottom level. We derive a transformation of this model that allows efficient learning for large-scale human data. Our analysis of the GTEx and LG×SM advanced intercross line mouse data for multiple tissue types with CiTruss provides new insights into genetics of gene regulation. CiTruss revealed that gene networks consist of local subnetworks over proximally located genes and global subnetworks over genes scattered across genome, and that several aspects of gene regulation by eQTLs such as the impact of genetic diversity, pleiotropy, tissue-specific gene regulation, and local and long-range linkage disequilibrium among eQTLs can be explained through these local and global subnetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Yoon
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
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11
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Gao S, Huang S, Zhang Y, Fang G, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Du J. The transcriptional regulator KLF15 is necessary for myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration by activating FKBP5. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105226. [PMID: 37673339 PMCID: PMC10622842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful muscle regeneration following injury is essential for functional homeostasis of skeletal muscles. Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a metabolic transcriptional regulator in the muscles. However, little is known regarding its function in muscle regeneration. Here, we examined microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which indicated downregulated KLF15 in muscles from patients with various muscle diseases. Additionally, we found that Klf15 knockout (Klf15KO) impaired muscle regeneration following injury in mice. Furthermore, KLF15 expression was robustly induced during myoblast differentiation. Myoblasts with KLF15 deficiency showed a marked reduction in their fusion capacity. Unbiased transcriptome analysis of muscles on day 7 postinjury revealed downregulated genes involved in cell differentiation and metabolic processes in Klf15KO muscles. The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5), a positive regulator of myoblast differentiation, was ranked as one of the most strongly downregulated genes in the Klf15KO group. A mechanistic search revealed that KLF15 binds directly to the promoter region of FKBP5 and activates FKBP5 expression. Local delivery of FKBP5 rescued the impaired muscle regeneration in Klf15KO mice. Our findings reveal a positive regulatory role of KLF15 in myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration by activating FKBP5 expression. KLF15 signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for muscle disorders associated with injuries or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Du
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zhang S, Yang F, Huang Y, He L, Li Y, Wan YCE, Ding Y, Chan KM, Xie T, Sun H, Wang H. ATF3 induction prevents precocious activation of skeletal muscle stem cell by regulating H2B expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4978. [PMID: 37591871 PMCID: PMC10435463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (also called satellite cells, SCs) are important for maintaining muscle tissue homeostasis and damage-induced regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood how SCs enter cell cycle to become activated upon injury. Here we report that AP-1 family member ATF3 (Activating Transcription Factor 3) prevents SC premature activation. Atf3 is rapidly and transiently induced in SCs upon activation. Short-term deletion of Atf3 in SCs accelerates acute injury-induced regeneration, however, its long-term deletion exhausts the SC pool and thus impairs muscle regeneration. The Atf3 loss also provokes SC activation during voluntary exercise and enhances the activation during endurance exercise. Mechanistically, ATF3 directly activates the transcription of Histone 2B genes, whose reduction accelerates nucleosome displacement and gene transcription required for SC activation. Finally, the ATF3-dependent H2B expression also prevents genome instability and replicative senescence in SCs. Therefore, this study has revealed a previously unknown mechanism for preserving the SC population by actively suppressing precocious activation, in which ATF3 is a key regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yile Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liangqiang He
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Ching Esther Wan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yingzhe Ding
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Zou B, Du J, Xuan Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Gu W. Scraping Therapy Improved Muscle Regeneration through Regulating GLUT4/Glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 Pathways in Rats with Lumbar Multifidus Injury. Pain Res Manag 2023; 2023:8870256. [PMID: 37397163 PMCID: PMC10310458 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8870256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background High morbidity of nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) and large consumption of medical resources caused by it have become a heavy social burden. There are many factors inducing NLBP, among which the damage and atrophy of multifidus (MF) are most closely related to NLBP. Scraping therapy can have significant treatment effects on NLBP with fewer adverse reactions and less medical fund input than other modalities or medications. However, the mechanism of scraping therapy treating NLBP remains unclarified. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of scraping therapy on promoting MF regeneration and the underlying mechanisms. Methods A total of 54 male rats (SD, 6-7 weeks old) were randomly divided into nine groups, namely, K, M6h, M1d, M2d, M3d, G6h, G1d, G2d, and G3d, with six rats in each group. They were injected with bupivacaine (BPVC) to intentionally induce MF injury. We then performed scraping therapy on the rats that had been randomly chosen and compared treatment effects at different time points. In vitro data including skin temperature and tactile allodynia threshold were collected and histological sections were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was applied to distinguish the genes or signaling pathways that had been altered due to scraping therapy, and the results were further verified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results Transitory petechiae and ecchymosis both on and beneath the rats' skin raised by scraping therapy gradually faded in about 3 d. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of MF was significantly smaller 30 h, 2 d, and 4 d after modeling (P=0.007, P=0.001, and P=0.015, respectively, vs. the blank group) and was significantly larger in the scraping group 1 d after treatment (P=0.002 vs. the model 1d group). Skin temperature significantly increased immediately after scraping (P < 0.001) and hindlimb pain threshold increased on the 2nd day after scraping (P=0.046 and P=0.028, respectively). 391 differentially expressed genes and 8 signaling pathways were characterized 6 h after scraping; only 3 differentially expressed genes and 3 signaling pathways were screened out 2 d after treatment. The amounts of mRNAs or proteins for GLUT4, HK2, PFKM, PKM, LDHA (which belong to the GLUT4/glycolytic pathway), p-mTOR, p-4EBP1 (which belong to the AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway), and BDH1 were enhanced, and p-AMPKα was decreased after scraping therapy. Conclusions Scraping therapy has therapeutic effects on rats with multifidus injury by promoting muscle regeneration via regulating GLUT4/glycolytic and AMPK/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Dujiangyan Air Force Special Service Sanatorium, Chengdu 611838, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiwen Xuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Dujiangyan Air Force Special Service Sanatorium, Chengdu 611838, China
| | - Lianghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Chen Y, Liao G, Ma T, Li L, Yang J, Shen B, Lu Y, Si H. YY1/miR-140-5p/Jagged1/Notch axis mediates cartilage progenitor/stem cells fate reprogramming in knee osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110438. [PMID: 37295026 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, while cartilage progenitor/stem cells (CPCs) are responsible for endogenous cartilage repair. However, the relevant regulatory mechanisms of CPCs fate reprogramming in OA are rarely reported. Recently, we observed fate disorders in OA CPCs and found that microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) protects CPCs from fate changes in OA. This study further mechanistically investigated the upstream regulator and downstream effectors of miR-140-5p in OA CPCs fate reprogramming. As a result, luciferase reporter assay and validation assays revealed that miR-140-5p targets Jagged1 and inhibits Notch signaling in human CPCs, and the loss-/gain-of-function experiments and rescue assays discovered that miR-140-5p improves OA CPCs fate, but this effect can be counteracted by Jagged1. Moreover, increased transcription factor Ying Yang 1 (YY1) was associated with OA progression, and YY1 could disturb CPCs fate via transcriptionally repressing miR-140-5p and enhancing the Jagged1/Notch signaling. Finally, the relevant changes and mechanisms of YY1, miR-140-5p, and Jagged1/Notch signaling in OA CPCs fate reprogramming were validated in rats. Conclusively, this study identified a novel YY1/miR-140-5p/Jagged1/Notch signaling axis that mediates OA CPCs fate reprogramming, wherein YY1 and Jagged1/Notch signaling exhibits an OA-stimulative role, and miR-140-5p plays an OA-protective effect, providing attractive targets for OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Experimental Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Haibo Si
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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15
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Namjoo AR, Abrbekoh FN, Saghati S, Amini H, Saadatlou MAE, Rahbarghazi R. Tissue engineering modalities in skeletal muscles: focus on angiogenesis and immunomodulation properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:90. [PMID: 37061717 PMCID: PMC10105969 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular diseases and injuries are challenging issues in human medicine, resulting in physical disability. The advent of tissue engineering approaches has paved the way for the restoration and regeneration of injured muscle tissues along with available conventional therapies. Despite recent advances in the fabrication, synthesis, and application of hydrogels in terms of muscle tissue, there is a long way to find appropriate hydrogel types in patients with congenital and/or acquired musculoskeletal injuries. Regarding specific muscular tissue microenvironments, the applied hydrogels should provide a suitable platform for the activation of endogenous reparative mechanisms and concurrently deliver transplanting cells and therapeutics into the injured sites. Here, we aimed to highlight recent advances in muscle tissue engineering with a focus on recent strategies related to the regulation of vascularization and immune system response at the site of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Rezaei Namjoo
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- General and Vascular Surgery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Zhao Y, Ding Y, He L, Zhou Q, Chen X, Li Y, Alfonsi MV, Wu Z, Sun H, Wang H. Multiscale 3D genome reorganization during skeletal muscle stem cell lineage progression and aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabo1360. [PMID: 36800432 PMCID: PMC9937580 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about three-dimensional (3D) genome organization in skeletal muscle stem cells [also called satellite cells (SCs)]. Here, we comprehensively map the 3D genome topology reorganization during mouse SC lineage progression. Specifically, rewiring at the compartment level is most pronounced when SCs become activated. Marked loss in topologically associating domain (TAD) border insulation and chromatin looping also occurs during early activation process. Meanwhile, TADs can form TAD clusters and super-enhancer-containing TAD clusters orchestrate stage-specific gene expression. Furthermore, we uncover that transcription factor PAX7 is pivotal in enhancer-promoter (E-P) loop formation. We also identify cis-regulatory elements that are crucial for local chromatin organization at Pax7 locus and Pax7 expression. Lastly, we unveil that geriatric SC displays a prominent gain in long-range contacts and loss of TAD border insulation. Together, our results uncover that 3D chromatin extensively reorganizes at multiple architectural levels and underpins the transcriptome remodeling during SC lineage development and SC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingzhe Ding
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liangqiang He
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Vittoria Alfonsi
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, the State Key Laboratory on Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Hong X, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Measuring Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) in Muscle Stem Cells Using a Seahorse Analyzer: Applicability for Aging Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:73-88. [PMID: 36995588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, evidence showing metabolism as a fundamental regulator of stem cell functions has emerged. In skeletal muscle, its stem cells (satellite cells) sustain muscle regeneration, although they lose their regenerative potential with aging, and this has been attributed, at least in part, to changes in their metabolism. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to analyze the metabolism of satellite cells using the Seahorse technology, which can be applied to aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Hong
- Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Altos Labs Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
- Altos Labs Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.
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18
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miR-301a Deficiency Attenuates the Macrophage Migration and Phagocytosis through YY1/CXCR4 Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243952. [PMID: 36552718 PMCID: PMC9777533 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the miR-301a is well known involving the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. However, the role of miR-301a in the migration and phagocytosis of macrophages is still unclear. (2) Methods: sciatic nerve injury, liver injury models, as well as primary macrophage cultures were prepared from the miR-301a knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice to assess the macrophage's migration and phagocytosis capabilities. Targetscan database analysis, Western blotting, siRNA transfection, and CXCR4 inhibition or activation were performed to reveal miR301a's potential mechanism. (3) Results: the macrophage's migration and phagocytosis were significantly attenuated by the miR-301a KO both in vivo and in vitro. MiR-301a can target Yin-Yang 1 (YY1), and miR-301a KO resulted in YY1 up-regulation and CXCR4 (YY1's down-stream molecule) down-regulation. siYY1 increased the expression of CXCR4 and enhanced migration and phagocytosis in KO macrophages. Meanwhile, a CXCR4 inhibitor or agonist could attenuate or accelerate, respectively, the macrophage migration and phagocytosis. (4) Conclusions: current findings indicated that miR-301a plays important roles in a macrophage's capabilities of migration and phagocytosis through the YY1/CXCR4 pathway. Hence, miR-301a might be a promising therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases by adjusting macrophage bio-functions.
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19
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jiao W, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Fan X, Tian L, Li X, Mi J. Ferroptosis and its role in skeletal muscle diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1051866. [PMID: 36406272 PMCID: PMC9669482 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1051866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation products, which regulates physiological and pathological processes in numerous organs and tissues. A growing body of research suggests that ferroptosis is a key causative factor in a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including sarcopenia, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyosarcoma, and exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and various skeletal muscle diseases has not been investigated systematically. This review’s objective is to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms and signaling factors that regulate ferroptosis, including lipid peroxidation, iron/heme, amino acid metabolism, and autophagy. In addition, we tease out the role of ferroptosis in the progression of different skeletal muscle diseases and ferroptosis as a potential target for the treatment of multiple skeletal muscle diseases. This review can provide valuable reference for the research on the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle diseases, as well as for clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Weikai Jiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuechun Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyan Li, ; Jia Mi,
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyan Li, ; Jia Mi,
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20
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Fu W, Kadeer G, He Y, Feng Y. The regulatory network of potential transcription factors and MiRNAs of mitochondria-related genes for sarcopenia. Front Genet 2022; 13:975886. [PMID: 36171891 PMCID: PMC9510666 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.975886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant contributor to sarcopenia, but the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: In the present study, we downloaded GSE117525 and GSE8479 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), then the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct scale-free co-expression networks respectively. The key genes of aging muscle were obtained by overlapping key modules of two networks. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to explore the diagnostic efficacy of key genes. Finally, a transcription factor-key gene network was constructed based on ChEA3 platform and hTFtarget database, and a miRNA-key gene network was constructed using starBase and the multimiR R package. Results: The most positively or negatively correlated modules of the two datasets were identified, and genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were identified as key genes. The diagnostic values were confirmed with ROC curves by self-verification (GSE117525 and GSE8479) and external verification (GSE47881). Then, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) was identified as the most important transcription factor of the transcription factor-key gene network. In addition, miRNAs related to key genes were also predicted. Conclusion: The findings of the present study provide a novel insight into the pathological mechanism of sarcopenia.
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21
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So KKH, Huang Y, Zhang S, Qiao Y, He L, Li Y, Chen X, Sham MH, Sun H, Wang H. seRNA
PAM
controls skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and aging through
trans
regulation of
Timp2
expression synergistically with Ddx5. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13673. [PMID: 35851988 PMCID: PMC9381903 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kam Hei So
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yile Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Suyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yulong Qiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Liangqiang He
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
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22
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Lockd promotes myoblast proliferation and muscle regeneration via binding with DHX36 to facilitate 5' UTR rG4 unwinding and Anp32e translation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110927. [PMID: 35675771 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells (SCs), play pivotal roles in muscle regeneration, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) functions in SCs remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a lncRNA, Lockd, which is induced in activated SCs upon acute muscle injury. We demonstrate that Lockd promotes SC proliferation; deletion of Lockd leads to cell-cycle arrest, and in vivo repression of Lockd in mouse muscles hinders regeneration process. Mechanistically, we show that Lockd directly interacts with RNA helicase DHX36 and the 5'end of Lockd possesses the strongest binding with DHX36. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Lockd stabilizes the interaction between DHX36 and EIF3B proteins; synergistically, this complex unwinds the RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structure formed at Anp32e mRNA 5' UTR and promotes the translation of ANP32E protein, which is required for myoblast proliferation. Altogether, our findings identify a regulatory Lockd/DHX36/Anp32e axis that promotes myoblast proliferation and acute-injury-induced muscle regeneration.
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Kübler IC, Kretzschmar J, Brankatschk M, Sandoval-Guzmán T. Local problems need global solutions - the metabolic needs of regenerating organisms. Wound Repair Regen 2022; 30:652-664. [PMID: 35596643 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of species that belong to the plant or animal kingdom evolved with two main strategies to counter tissue damage - scar formation and regeneration. Whereas scar formation provides a fast and cost-effective repair to exit life-threatening conditions, complete tissue regeneration is time-consuming and requires vast resources to reinstall functionality of affected organs or structures. Local environments in wound healing are widely studied and findings have provided important biomedical applications. Less well understood are organismic physiological parameters and signaling circuits essential to maintain effective tissue repair. Here, we review accumulated evidence that positions the interplay of local and systemic changes in metabolism as essential variables modulating the injury response. We particularly emphasize the role of lipids and lipid-like molecules as significant components long overlooked. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines C Kübler
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jenny Kretzschmar
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Brankatschk
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatiana Sandoval-Guzmán
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich, at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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24
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YY1 inactivated transcription co-regulator PGC-1α to promote mitochondrial dysfunction of early diabetic nephropathy-associated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s10565-022-09711-7. [PMID: 35445903 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) could be promoted by the occurrence of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), which had a closely relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). As a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) played an important role not only in regulating fibrosis process, but also in maintaining mitochondrial function of pancreatic β cells. However, it was not clear whether YY1 participated in maintaining mitochondrial function of RTECs in early DN-associated TIF. In this study, we dynamically detected mitochondrial functions and protein expression of YY1 in db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-cultured HK-2 cells. Our results showed that comparing with the occurrence of TIF, the emergence of mitochondrial dysfunction of RTECs was an earlier even, besides the up-regulated and nuclear translocated YY1. Correlation analysis showed YY1 expressions were negatively associated with PGC-1α in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism research demonstrated the formation of mTOR-YY1 heterodimer induced by HG upregulated YY1, the nuclear translocation of which inactivated PGC-1α by binding to the PGC-1α promoter. Overexpression of YY1 induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in normal glucose cultured HK-2 cells and 8-week-old db/m mice. While, dysfunctional mitochondria induced by HG could be improved by knockdown of YY1. Finally, downregulation of YY1 could retard the progression of TIF by preventing mitochondrial functions, resulting in the improvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in early DN. These findings suggested that YY1 was a novel regulator of mitochondrial function of RTECs and contributed to the occurrence of early DN-associated TIF .
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25
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A Long Journey before Cycling: Regulation of Quiescence Exit in Adult Muscle Satellite Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031748. [PMID: 35163665 PMCID: PMC8836154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle harbors a pool of stem cells called muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that are mainly responsible for its robust regenerative capacities. Adult satellite cells are mitotically quiescent in uninjured muscles under homeostasis, but they exit quiescence upon injury to re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate. While most of the expanded satellites cells differentiate and fuse to form new myofibers, some undergo self-renewal to replenish the stem cell pool. Specifically, quiescence exit describes the initial transition of MuSCs from quiescence to the first cell cycle, which takes much longer than the time required for subsequent cell cycles and involves drastic changes in cell size, epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, and metabolic status. It is, therefore, an essential period indispensable for the success of muscle regeneration. Diverse mechanisms exist in MuSCs to regulate quiescence exit. In this review, we summarize key events that occur during quiescence exit in MuSCs and discuss the molecular regulation of this process with an emphasis on multiple levels of intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of how quiescence exit is regulated will facilitate satellite cell-based muscle regenerative therapies and advance their applications in various disease and aging conditions.
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26
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Zheng YY, Wang Y, Chen X, Wei LS, Wang H, Tao T, Zhou YW, Jiang ZH, Qiu TT, Sun ZY, Sun J, Wang P, Zhao W, Li YQ, Chen HQ, Zhu MS, Zhang XN. The thymus regulates skeletal muscle regeneration by directly promoting satellite cell expansion. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101516. [PMID: 34942145 PMCID: PMC8752954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus is the central immune organ, but it is known to progressively degenerate with age. As thymus degeneration is paralleled by the wasting of aging skeletal muscle, we speculated that the thymus may play a role in muscle wasting. Here, using thymectomized mice, we show that the thymus is necessary for skeletal muscle regeneration, a process tightly associated with muscle aging. Compared to control mice, the thymectomized mice displayed comparable growth of muscle mass, but decreased muscle regeneration in response to injury, as evidenced by small and sparse regenerative myofibers along with inhibited expression of regeneration-associated genes myh3, myod and myogenin. Using Pax7 immunofluorescence staining and BrdU incorporation assay, we determined that the decreased regeneration capacity was caused by a limited satellite cell pool. Interestingly, the conditioned culture medium of isolated thymocytes (TCMs) had a potent capacity to directly stimulate satellite cell expansion in vitro. These expanded cells were enriched in subpopulations of quiescent satellite cells (Pax7highMyoDlowEdUpos) and activated satellite cells (Pax7highMyoDhighEdUpos), which were efficiently incorporated into the regenerative myofibers. We thus propose that the thymus plays an essential role in muscle regeneration by directly promoting satellite cell expansion and may function profoundly in the muscle aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Li-Sha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Tian-Tian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ye-Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Hua-Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| | - Xue-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
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28
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Nair VD, Vasoya M, Nair V, Smith GR, Pincas H, Ge Y, Douglas CM, Esser KA, Sealfon SC. Differential analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles identifies cis-regulatory elements in rat adipose and muscle. Genomics 2021; 113:3827-3841. [PMID: 34547403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility is a key factor influencing gene expression. We optimized the Omni-ATAC-seq protocol and used it together with RNA-seq to investigate cis-regulatory elements in rat white adipose and skeletal muscle, two tissues with contrasting metabolic functions. While promoter accessibility correlated with RNA expression, integration of the two datasets identified tissue-specific differentially accessible regions (DARs) that predominantly localized in intergenic and intron regions. DARs were mapped to differentially expressed (DE) genes enriched in distinct biological processes in each tissue. Randomly selected DE genes were validated by qPCR. Top enriched motifs in DARs predicted binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) showing tissue-specific up-regulation. The correlation between differential chromatin accessibility at a given TF binding motif and differential expression of target genes further supported the functional relevance of that motif. Our study identified cis-regulatory regions that likely play a major role in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression in adipose and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mital Vasoya
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vishnu Nair
- Department of Computer Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Collin M Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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29
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Hyttinen J, Blasiak J, Tavi P, Kaarniranta K. Therapeutic potential of PGC-1α in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - the involvement of mitochondrial quality control, autophagy, and antioxidant response. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:773-785. [PMID: 34637373 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1991913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading, cause of sight loss in the elderly in the Western world. Most patients remain still without any treatment options. The targeting of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a transcription co-factor, is a putative therapy against AMD. AREAS COVERED The characteristics of AMD and their possible connection with PGC-1α as well as the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of PGC-1α are discussed. The PGC-1α-driven control of mitochondrial functions, and its involvement in autophagy and antioxidant responses are also examined. Therapeutic possibilities via drugs and epigenetic approaches to enhance PGC-1α expression are discussed. Authors conducted a search of literature mainly from the recent decade from the PubMed database. EXPERT OPINION Therapy options in AMD could include PGC-1α activation or stabilization. This could be achieved by a direct elevation of PGC-1α activity, a stabilization or modification of its upstream activators and inhibitors by chemical compounds, like 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, metformin, and resveratrol. Furthermore, manipulations with epigenetic modifiers of PGC-1α expression, including miRNAs, e.g. miR-204, are considered. A therapy aimed at PGC-1α up-regulation may be possible in other disorders besides AMD, if they are associated with disturbances in the mitochondria-antioxidant response-autophagy axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Kadharusman MM, Antarianto RD, Hardiany NS. A Review of the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Stem Cell Potency. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:5-13. [PMID: 34512126 PMCID: PMC8407795 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) prolongs lifespan in various species and also minimises pathologies caused by aging. One of the characteristics seen in age-related pathologies is stem cell exhaustion. Here, we review the various impacts of CR on mammalian health mediated through stem cell potency in various tissues. This study comprised of a literature search through NCBI, Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed, focusing on the impact of CR on pluripotency. In the skeletal muscle, CR acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and increases the presence of satellite cells endogenously to improve regeneration, thus causing a metabolic shift to oxidation to meet oxygen demand. In the intestinal epithelium, CR suppresses the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling in Paneth cells to shift the stem cell equilibrium towards self-renewal at the cost of differentiation. In haematopoiesis, CR prevents deterioration or maintains the function of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depending on the genetic variation of the mice. In skin and hair follicles, CR increases the thickness of the epidermis and hair growth and improves hair retention through stem cells. CR mediates the proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells in various tissues, thus increasing its regenerative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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31
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Translational control by DHX36 binding to 5'UTR G-quadruplex is essential for muscle stem-cell regenerative functions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5043. [PMID: 34413292 PMCID: PMC8377060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate owing to its resident stem cells (also called satellite cells, SCs). SCs are normally quiescent; when stimulated by damage, they activate and expand to form new fibers. The mechanisms underlying SC proliferative progression remain poorly understood. Here we show that DHX36, a helicase that unwinds RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures, is essential for muscle regeneration by regulating SC expansion. DHX36 (initially named RHAU) is barely expressed at quiescence but is highly induced during SC activation and proliferation. Inducible deletion of Dhx36 in adult SCs causes defective proliferation and muscle regeneration after damage. System-wide mapping in proliferating SCs reveals DHX36 binding predominantly to rG4 structures at various regions of mRNAs, while integrated polysome profiling shows that DHX36 promotes mRNA translation via 5′-untranslated region (UTR) rG4 binding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DHX36 specifically regulates the translation of Gnai2 mRNA by unwinding its 5′ UTR rG4 structures and identify GNAI2 as a downstream effector of DHX36 for SC expansion. Altogether, our findings uncover DHX36 as an indispensable post-transcriptional regulator of SC function and muscle regeneration acting through binding and unwinding rG4 structures at 5′ UTR of target mRNAs. Skeletal muscle stem cells (or satellite cells, SCs) are normally quiescent but activate and expand in response to injury. Here the authors show that induction of DHX36 helicase during SC activation promotes mRNA translation by binding to 5′UTR mRNA G-quadruplexes (rG4) in targets including Gnai2 and unwinding them.
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32
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Blum J, Epstein R, Watts S, Thalacker-Mercer A. Importance of Nutrient Availability and Metabolism for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Front Physiol 2021; 12:696018. [PMID: 34335302 PMCID: PMC8322985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is fundamentally important for quality of life. Deterioration of skeletal muscle, such as that observed with advancing age, chronic disease, and dystrophies, is associated with metabolic and functional decline. Muscle stem/progenitor cells promote the maintenance of skeletal muscle composition (balance of muscle mass, fat, and fibrotic tissues) and are essential for the regenerative response to skeletal muscle damage. It is increasing recognized that nutrient and metabolic determinants of stem/progenitor cell function exist and are potential therapeutic targets to improve regenerative outcomes and muscle health. This review will focus on current understanding as well as key gaps in knowledge and challenges around identifying and understanding nutrient and metabolic determinants of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Blum
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebekah Epstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anna Thalacker-Mercer
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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33
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Ding H, Chen S, Pan X, Dai X, Pan G, Li Z, Mai X, Tian Y, Zhang S, Liu B, Cao G, Yao Z, Yao X, Gao L, Yang L, Chen X, Sun J, Chen H, Han M, Yin Y, Xu G, Li H, Wu W, Chen Z, Lin J, Xiang L, Hu J, Lu Y, Zhu X, Xie L. Transferrin receptor 1 ablation in satellite cells impedes skeletal muscle regeneration through activation of ferroptosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:746-768. [PMID: 33955709 PMCID: PMC8200440 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite cells (SCs) are critical to skeletal muscle regeneration. Inactivation of SCs is linked to skeletal muscle loss. Transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) is associated with muscular dysfunction as muscle-specific deletion of Tfr1 results in growth retardation, metabolic disorder, and lethality, shedding light on the importance of Tfr1 in muscle physiology. However, its physiological function regarding skeletal muscle ageing and regeneration remains unexplored. METHODS RNA sequencing is applied to skeletal muscles of different ages to identify Tfr1 associated to skeletal muscle ageing. Mice with conditional SC ablation of Tfr1 were generated. Between Tfr1SC/WT and Tfr1SC/KO (n = 6-8 mice per group), cardiotoxin was intramuscularly injected, and transverse abdominal muscle was dissected, weighted, and cryosectioned, followed by immunostaining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson staining. These phenotypical analyses were followed with functional analysis such as flow cytometry, tread mill, Prussian blue staining, and transmission electron microscopy to identify pathological pathways that contribute to regeneration defects. RESULTS By comparing gene expression between young (2 weeks old, n = 3) and aged (80 weeks old, n = 3) mice among four types of muscles, we identified that Tfr1 expression is declined in muscles of aged mice (~80% reduction, P < 0.005), so as to its protein level in SCs of aged mice. From in vivo and ex vivo experiments, Tfr1 deletion in SCs results in an irreversible depletion of SCs (~60% reduction, P < 0.005) and cell-autonomous defect in SC proliferation and differentiation, leading to skeletal muscle regeneration impairment, followed by labile iron accumulation, lipogenesis, and decreased Gpx4 and Nrf2 protein levels leading to reactive oxygen species scavenger defects. These abnormal phenomena including iron accumulation, activation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid peroxidation are orchestrated with the occurrence of ferroptosis in skeletal muscle. Ferroptosis further exacerbates SC proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, could not rescue ferroptosis. However, intramuscular administration of lentivirus-expressing Tfr1 could partially reduce labile iron accumulation, decrease lipogenesis, and promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Most importantly, declined Tfr1 but increased Slc39a14 protein level on cellular membrane contributes to labile iron accumulation in skeletal muscle of aged rodents (~80 weeks old), leading to activation of ferroptosis in aged skeletal muscle. This is inhibited by ferrostatin-1 to improve running time (P = 0.0257) and distance (P = 0.0248). CONCLUSIONS Satellite cell-specific deletion of Tfr1 impairs skeletal muscle regeneration with activation of ferroptosis. This phenomenon is recapitulated in skeletal muscle of aged rodents and human sarcopenia. Our study provides mechanistic information for developing novel therapeutic strategies against muscular ageing and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis, The Marine Biomedical Research InstituteGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Shujie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied AgricultureBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Guihua Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ze Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xudong Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Susu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bingdong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Guangchao Cao
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangping Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mulan Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- China Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanChina
| | - Guohuan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Huijun Li
- College of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Weidong Wu
- College of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Jingchao Lin
- Metabo‐Profile Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Liping Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis, The Marine Biomedical Research InstituteGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Liwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
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34
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Huang Y, Qiao Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Yuan J, Zhou J, Sun H, Wang H. Large scale RNA-binding proteins/LncRNAs interaction analysis to uncover lncRNA nuclear localization mechanisms. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6287336. [PMID: 34056657 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of major biological processes and their functional modes are dictated by their subcellular localization. Relative nuclear enrichment of lncRNAs compared to mRNAs is a prevalent phenomenon but the molecular mechanisms governing their nuclear retention in cells remain largely unknown. Here in this study, we harness the recently released eCLIP data for a large number of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in K562 and HepG2 cells and utilize multiple bioinformatics methods to comprehensively survey the roles of RBPs in lncRNA nuclear retention. We identify an array of splicing RBPs that bind to nuclear-enriched lincRNAs (large intergenic non-coding RNAs) thus may act as trans-factors regulating their nuclear retention. Further analyses reveal that these RBPs may bind with distinct core motifs, flanking sequence compositions, or secondary structures to drive lincRNA nuclear retention. Moreover, network analyses uncover potential co-regulatory RBP clusters and the physical interaction between HNRNPU and SAFB2 proteins in K562 cells is further experimentally verified. Altogether, our analyses reveal previously unknown factors and mechanisms that govern lincRNA nuclear localization in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulong Qiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthaepedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiajian Zhou
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthaepedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Xu C, Tsai YH, Galbo PM, Gong W, Storey AJ, Xu Y, Byrum SD, Xu L, Whang YE, Parker JS, Mackintosh SG, Edmondson RD, Tackett AJ, Huang J, Zheng D, Earp HS, Wang GG, Cai L. Cistrome analysis of YY1 uncovers a regulatory axis of YY1:BRD2/4-PFKP during tumorigenesis of advanced prostate cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4971-4988. [PMID: 33849067 PMCID: PMC8136773 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a terminal disease and the molecular underpinnings of CRPC development need to be better understood in order to improve its treatment. Here, we report that a transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is significantly overexpressed during prostate cancer progression. Functional and cistrome studies of YY1 uncover its roles in promoting prostate oncogenesis in vitro and in vivo, as well as sustaining tumor metabolism including the Warburg effect and mitochondria respiration. Additionally, our integrated genomics and interactome profiling in prostate tumor show that YY1 and bromodomain-containing proteins (BRD2/4) co-occupy a majority of gene-regulatory elements, coactivating downstream targets. Via gene loss-of-function and rescue studies and mutagenesis of YY1-bound cis-elements, we unveil an oncogenic pathway in which YY1 directly binds and activates PFKP, a gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis, significantly contributing to the YY1-enforced Warburg effect and malignant growth. Altogether, this study supports a master regulator role for YY1 in prostate tumorigenesis and reveals a YY1:BRD2/4-PFKP axis operating in advanced prostate cancer with implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Xu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Phillip M Galbo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Weida Gong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aaron J Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Yuemei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lingfan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Young E Whang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ricky D Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - H Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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36
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Paxbp1 controls a key checkpoint for cell growth and survival during early activation of quiescent muscle satellite cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021093118. [PMID: 33753492 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021093118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mouse muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) are quiescent in uninjured muscles. Upon muscle injury, MuSCs exit quiescence, reenter the cell cycle to proliferate and self-renew, and then differentiate and fuse to drive muscle regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood how MuSCs transition from quiescence to the cycling state. Here, we report that Pax3 and Pax7 binding protein 1 (Paxbp1) controls a key checkpoint during this critical transition. Deletion of Paxbp1 in adult MuSCs prevented them from reentering the cell cycle upon injury, resulting in a total regeneration failure. Mechanistically, we found an abnormal elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Paxbp1-null MuSCs, which induced p53 activation and impaired mTORC1 signaling, leading to defective cell growth, apoptosis, and failure in S-phase reentry. Deliberate ROS reduction partially rescued the cell-cycle reentry defect in mutant MuSCs. Our study reveals that Paxbp1 regulates a late cell-growth checkpoint essential for quiescent MuSCs to reenter the cell cycle upon activation.
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37
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence strongly indicates that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) leads to the emergence of worse clinical scenarios, such as chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. CSCs are a highly tumorigenic population characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Thus, CSCs establish a hierarchical intratumor organization that enables tumor adaptation to evade the immune response and resist anticancer therapy. YY1 functions as a transcription factor, RNA-binding protein, and 3D chromatin regulator. Thus, YY1 has multiple effects and regulates several molecular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of lethal YY1-mediated cancer phenotypes is associated with the presence of or enrichment in cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether and to what extent YY1 regulates the CSC phenotype. Since CSCs mirror the phenotypic behavior of stem cells, we initially describe the roles played by YY1 in embryonic and adult stem cells. Next, we scrutinize evidence supporting the contributions of YY1 in CSCs from a number of various cancer types. Finally, we identify new areas for further investigation into the YY1-CSCs axis, including the participation of YY1 in the CSC niche.
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38
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Wang L, He T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Qiu K, Jiao N, He L, Yin J. Global transcriptomic analysis reveals Lnc-ADAMTS9 exerting an essential role in myogenesis through modulating the ERK signaling pathway. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33526083 PMCID: PMC7852153 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging key regulators involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell differentiation and development. The balance between myogenesis and adipogenesis is crucial for skeletal muscle homeostasis in humans and meat quality in farm animals. The present study aimed to reveal the global transcriptomic profiles of adipogenic (Adi-) and myogenic (Myo-) precursors derived from porcine skeletal muscle and identify lncRNAs involved in the modulation of myogenesis homeostasis in porcine skeletal muscle. Results In this study, a total of 655 novel individual lncRNAs including differentially expressed 24 lncRNAs, and 755 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified (fold change ≥2 or ≤ 0.5 and adjusted P < 0.05). Integrated results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis accompanied by the variation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration highlighted Lnc-ADAMTS9 involved in the modulation of myogenesis homeostasis in porcine skeletal muscle. Although Lnc-ADAMTS9 knock-down did not alter the mRNA expression of ADAMTS9, we demonstrated that Lnc-ADAMTS9 can promote myogenic proliferation and myogenic differentiation of myogenic precursors through inhibiting the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion We deciphered a comprehensive catalog of mRNAs and lncRNAs that might be involved in the regulation of myogenesis and adipogenesis homeostasis in the skeletal muscle of pigs. The Lnc-ADAMTS9 exerts an essential role in myogenesis through the ERK signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-020-00524-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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39
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Best KT, Korcari A, Mora KE, Nichols AE, Muscat SN, Knapp E, Buckley MR, Loiselle AE. Scleraxis-lineage cell depletion improves tendon healing and disrupts adult tendon homeostasis. eLife 2021; 10:62203. [PMID: 33480357 PMCID: PMC7850622 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the requirement for Scleraxis-lineage (ScxLin) cells during tendon development, the function of ScxLin cells during adult tendon repair, post-natal growth, and adult homeostasis have not been defined. Therefore, we inducibly depleted ScxLin cells (ScxLinDTR) prior to tendon injury and repair surgery and hypothesized that ScxLinDTR mice would exhibit functionally deficient healing compared to wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, depletion of ScxLin cells resulted in increased biomechanical properties without impairments in gliding function at 28 days post-repair, indicative of regeneration. RNA sequencing of day 28 post-repair tendons highlighted differences in matrix-related genes, cell motility, cytoskeletal organization, and metabolism. We also utilized ScxLinDTR mice to define the effects on post-natal tendon growth and adult tendon homeostasis and discovered that adult ScxLin cell depletion resulted in altered tendon collagen fibril diameter, density, and dispersion. Collectively, these findings enhance our fundamental understanding of tendon cell localization, function, and fate during healing, growth, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Best
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Antonion Korcari
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Keshia E Mora
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Anne Ec Nichols
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Samantha N Muscat
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Emma Knapp
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Mark R Buckley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Alayna E Loiselle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, New York, United States
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40
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Yang SY, Castellani CA, Longchamps RJ, Pillalamarri VK, O'Rourke B, Guallar E, Arking DE. Blood-derived mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with gene expression across multiple tissues and is predictive for incident neurodegenerative disease. Genome Res 2021; 31:349-358. [PMID: 33441415 PMCID: PMC7919448 DOI: 10.1101/gr.269381.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a proxy for mitochondrial function and is associated with aging-related diseases. However, it is unclear how mtDNA-CN measured in blood can reflect diseases that primarily manifest in other tissues. Using the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, we interrogated relationships between mtDNA-CN measured in whole blood and gene expression from whole blood and 47 additional tissues in 419 individuals. mtDNA-CN was significantly associated with expression of 700 genes in whole blood, including nuclear genes required for mtDNA replication. Significant enrichment was observed for splicing and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways, as well as target genes for the mitochondrial transcription factor NRF1. In nonblood tissues, there were more significantly associated genes than expected in 30 tissues, suggesting that global gene expression in those tissues is correlated with blood-derived mtDNA-CN. Neurodegenerative disease pathways were significantly associated in multiple tissues, and in an independent data set, the UK Biobank, we observed that higher mtDNA-CN was significantly associated with lower rates of both prevalent (OR = 0.89, CI = 0.83; 0.96) and incident neurodegenerative disease (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91;0.98). The observation that mtDNA-CN measured in blood is associated with gene expression in other tissues suggests that blood-derived mtDNA-CN can reflect metabolic health across multiple tissues. Identification of key pathways including splicing, RNA binding, and catalysis reinforces the importance of mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Finally, validation of the role of mtDNA CN in neurodegenerative disease in a large independent cohort study solidifies the link between blood-derived mtDNA-CN, altered gene expression in multiple tissues, and aging-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christina A Castellani
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Vamsee K Pillalamarri
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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41
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Gao H, A L, Huang X, Chen X, Xu H. Müller Glia-Mediated Retinal Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2342-2361. [PMID: 33417229 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Müller glia originate from neuroepithelium and are the principal glial cells in the retina. During retinal development, Müller glia are one of the last cell types to be born. In lower vertebrates, such as zebrafish, Müller glia possess a remarkable capacity for retinal regeneration following various forms of injury through a reprogramming process in which endogenous Müller glia proliferate and differentiate into all types of retinal cells. In mammals, Müller glia become reactive in response to damage to protect or to further impair retinal function. Although mammalian Müller glia have regenerative potential, it is limited as far as repairing damaged retina. Lessons learned from zebrafish will help reveal the critical mechanisms involved in Müller glia reprogramming. Progress has been made in triggering Müller glia to reprogram and generate functional neurons to restore vision in mammals indicating that Müller glia reprogramming may be a promising therapeutic strategy for human retinal diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms related to retinal regeneration in model animals and the critical advanced progress made in Müller glia reprogramming in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Luodan A
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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42
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Kim SY, Zhang X, Schiattarella GG, Altamirano F, Ramos TAR, French KM, Jiang N, Szweda PA, Evers BM, May HI, Luo X, Li H, Szweda LI, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Epigenetic Reader BRD4 (Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4) Governs Nucleus-Encoded Mitochondrial Transcriptome to Regulate Cardiac Function. Circulation 2020; 142:2356-2370. [PMID: 33113340 PMCID: PMC7736324 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BET (bromodomain and extraterminal) epigenetic reader proteins, in particular BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4), have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Small-molecule BET protein inhibitors such as JQ1 have demonstrated efficacy in reversing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in preclinical models. Yet, genetic studies elucidating the biology of BET proteins in the heart have not been conducted to validate pharmacological findings and to unveil potential pharmacological side effects. METHODS By engineering a cardiomyocyte-specific BRD4 knockout mouse, we investigated the role of BRD4 in cardiac pathophysiology. We performed functional, transcriptomic, and mitochondrial analyses to evaluate BRD4 function in developing and mature hearts. RESULTS Unlike pharmacological inhibition, loss of BRD4 protein triggered progressive declines in myocardial function, culminating in dilated cardiomyopathy. Transcriptome analysis of BRD4 knockout mouse heart tissue identified early and specific disruption of genes essential to mitochondrial energy production and homeostasis. Functional analysis of isolated mitochondria from these hearts confirmed that BRD4 ablation triggered significant changes in mitochondrial electron transport chain protein expression and activity. Computational analysis identified candidate transcription factors participating in the BRD4-regulated transcriptome. In particular, estrogen-related receptor α, a key nuclear receptor in metabolic gene regulation, was enriched in promoters of BRD4-regulated mitochondrial genes. CONCLUSIONS In aggregate, we describe a previously unrecognized role for BRD4 in regulating cardiomyocyte mitochondrial homeostasis, observing that its function is indispensable to the maintenance of normal cardiac function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins/genetics
- Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Thais A. R. Ramos
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kristin M. French
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pamela A. Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bret M. Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herman I. May
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luke I. Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas G. Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
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43
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Schutt C, Hallmann A, Hachim S, Klockner I, Valussi M, Atzberger A, Graumann J, Braun T, Boettger T. Linc-MYH configures INO80 to regulate muscle stem cell numbers and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105098. [PMID: 32960481 PMCID: PMC7667881 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling complexes have functions in transcriptional regulation and chromosome maintenance, but it is mostly unknown how the function of these normally ubiquitous complexes is specified in the cellular context. Here, we describe that the evolutionary conserved long non‐coding RNA linc‐MYH regulates the composition of the INO80 chromatin remodeler complex in muscle stem cells and prevents interaction with WDR5 and the transcription factor YY1. Linc‐MYH acts as a selective molecular switch in trans that governs the pro‐proliferative function of the ubiquitous INO80 complex but does not affect its role in maintaining genomic stability. The molecular switch is essential for restricting generation of quiescent MuSCs and proliferation of myoblasts in homeostasis and regeneration. Since linc‐MYH is expressed in proliferating myoblasts but not in quiescent MuSCs, we reason that the extent of myoblast proliferation has decisive effects on the size of the quiescent MuSC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schutt
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alix Hallmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Salma Hachim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ina Klockner
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Melissa Valussi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ann Atzberger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, FACS Service Group, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Mass Spectrometry Service Group, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart- and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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44
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Metabolic Constrains Rule Metastasis Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092081. [PMID: 32932943 PMCID: PMC7563739 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis formation accounts for the majority of tumor-associated deaths and consists of different steps, each of them being characterized by a distinctive adaptive phenotype of the cancer cells. Metabolic reprogramming represents one of the main adaptive phenotypes exploited by cancer cells during all the main steps of tumor and metastatic progression. In particular, the metabolism of cancer cells evolves profoundly through all the main phases of metastasis formation, namely the metastatic dissemination, the metastatic colonization of distant organs, the metastatic dormancy, and ultimately the outgrowth into macroscopic lesions. However, the metabolic reprogramming of metastasizing cancer cells has only recently become the subject of intense study. From a clinical point of view, the latter steps of the metastatic process are very important, because patients often undergo surgical removal of the primary tumor when cancer cells have already left the primary tumor site, even though distant metastases are not clinically detectable yet. In this scenario, to precisely elucidate if and how metabolic reprogramming drives acquisition of cancer-specific adaptive phenotypes might pave the way to new therapeutic strategies by combining chemotherapy with metabolic drugs for better cancer eradication. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that claim the importance of metabolic adaptation for cancer progression.
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45
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Vial J, Huchedé P, Fagault S, Basset F, Rossi M, Geoffray J, Soldati H, Bisaccia J, Elsensohn MH, Creveaux M, Neves D, Blay JY, Fauvelle F, Bouquet F, Streichenberger N, Corradini N, Bergeron C, Maucort-Boulch D, Castets P, Carré M, Weber K, Castets M. Low expression of ANT1 confers oncogenic properties to rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells by modulating metabolism and death pathways. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:64. [PMID: 32728477 PMCID: PMC7382490 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent form of pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. It is divided into two main subtypes: ERMS (embryonal) and ARMS (alveolar). Current treatments are based on chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The 5-year survival rate has plateaued at 70% since 2000, despite several clinical trials. RMS cells are thought to derive from the muscle lineage. During development, myogenesis includes the expansion of muscle precursors, the elimination of those in excess by cell death and the differentiation of the remaining ones into myofibers. The notion that these processes may be hijacked by tumor cells to sustain their oncogenic transformation has emerged, with RMS being considered as the dark side of myogenesis. Thus, dissecting myogenic developmental programs could improve our understanding of RMS molecular etiology. We focused herein on ANT1, which is involved in myogenesis and is responsible for genetic disorders associated with muscle degeneration. ANT1 is a mitochondrial protein, which has a dual functionality, as it is involved both in metabolism via the regulation of ATP/ADP release from mitochondria and in regulated cell death as part of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Bioinformatics analyses of transcriptomic datasets revealed that ANT1 is expressed at low levels in RMS. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we showed that reduced ANT1 expression confers selective advantages to RMS cells in terms of proliferation and resistance to stress-induced death. These effects arise notably from an abnormal metabolic switch induced by ANT1 downregulation. Restoration of ANT1 expression using a Tet-On system is sufficient to prime tumor cells to death and to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Based on our results, modulation of ANT1 expression and/or activity appears as an appealing therapeutic approach in RMS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vial
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - P. Huchedé
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - S. Fagault
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - F. Basset
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - M. Rossi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR_S 911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - J. Geoffray
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - H. Soldati
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Bisaccia
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - M. H. Elsensohn
- Service de Biostatistique—Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - M. Creveaux
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - J. Y. Blay
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - F. Fauvelle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, US17, MRI facility IRMaGe, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F. Bouquet
- Roche Institute, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - N. Streichenberger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INMG CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - N. Corradini
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - C. Bergeron
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - D. Maucort-Boulch
- Service de Biostatistique—Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - P. Castets
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, CMU, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Carré
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR_S 911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Faculté de pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - K. Weber
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - M. Castets
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory—Equipe labellisée LabEx DEV2CAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
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46
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Long noncoding RNA SAM promotes myoblast proliferation through stabilizing Sugt1 and facilitating kinetochore assembly. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2725. [PMID: 32483152 PMCID: PMC7264179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional study of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) remains at the infancy stage. Here we identify SAM (Sugt1 asssociated muscle) lncRNA that is enriched in the proliferating myoblasts. Global deletion of SAM has no overt effect on mice but impairs adult muscle regeneration following acute damage; it also exacerbates the chronic injury-induced dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice. Consistently, inducible deletion of SAM in SCs leads to deficiency in muscle regeneration. Further examination reveals that SAM loss results in a cell-autonomous defect in the proliferative expansion of myoblasts. Mechanistically, we find SAM interacts and stabilizes Sugt1, a co-chaperon protein key to kinetochore assembly during cell division. Loss of SAM or Sugt1 both disrupts kinetochore assembly in mitotic cells due to the mislocalization of two components: Dsn1 and Hec1. Altogether, our findings identify SAM as a regulator of SC proliferation through facilitating Sugt1 mediated kinetochore assembly during cell division. Long noncoding RNA SAM (Sugt1 associated muscle) is upregulated in the proliferating myoblast cells. Here the authors investigate SAM knockout mice and suggest that SAM binds and stabilizes Sugt1, a co-chaperone protein that regulates kinetochore assembly.
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47
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Makovický P, Makovický P. Histological aspects of skeletal muscle fibers splitting of C57BL/6NCrl mice. Physiol Res 2020; 69:291-296. [PMID: 32199012 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to present data on the splitting of skeletal muscle fibers in C57BL/6NCrl mice. Skeletal muscles (m. rectus femoris (m. quadriceps femoris)) from 500 (250 female and 250 male) C57BL/6NCrl mice in the 16th week of life were sampled during autopsy and afterwards standardly histologically processed. Results show spontaneous skeletal muscle fiber splitting which is followed by skeletal muscle fiber regeneration. One solitary skeletal muscle fiber is split, or is in contact with few localized splitting skeletal muscle fibers. Part of the split skeletal muscular fiber is phagocytosed, but the remaining skeletal muscular fiber splits are merged into one regenerating skeletal muscle fiber. Nuclei move from the periphery to the regenerating skeletal muscle fiber center during this process. No differences were observed between female and male mice and the morphometry results document < 1 % skeletal muscle fiber splitting. If skeletal muscular fibers splitting occurs 5 % > of all skeletal muscular fibers, it is suggested to describe and calculate this in the final histopathological report.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Makovický
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetic of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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48
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The CCDC43-ADRM1 axis regulated by YY1, promotes proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:90-101. [PMID: 32278016 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an association between coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) genes and different cancers. Our previous studies revealed that CCDC43 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, but the expression and molecular mechanisms of CCDC43 in gastric cancer (GC) are yet to be determined. Here, we show that CCDC43 is overexpressed in gastric tissues. CCDC43 expression is closely related to tumor differentiation, lymph-node-metastasis, and prognosis of gastric cancer. Overexpression of CCDC43 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of GC cells. CCDC43 may upregulate and stabilize ADRM1, resulting in the construction of the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome. In contrast, inhibition of ADRM1 could reverse the function of CCDC43 in GC both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that transcription factor YY1 directly binds to CCDC43 and ADRM1 gene promoters, leading to over-expression of CCDC43 and ADRM1. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrate that knock down of CCDC43 or ADRM1 attenuates the YY1-mediated malignant phenotypes. Finally, the association among YY1, CCDC43 and ADRM1 is validated in clinical samples. Our findings suggest that the CCDC43-ADRM1 axis regulated by YY1, promotes proliferation and metastasis of GC, and the axis may be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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49
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Zhao Y, Zhou J, He L, Li Y, Yuan J, Sun K, Chen X, Bao X, Esteban MA, Sun H, Wang H. MyoD induced enhancer RNA interacts with hnRNPL to activate target gene transcription during myogenic differentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5787. [PMID: 31857580 PMCID: PMC6923398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports roles of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) in regulating target gene. Here, we study eRNA regulation and function during skeletal myoblast differentiation. We provide a panoramic view of enhancer transcription and categorization of eRNAs. Master transcription factor MyoD is crucial in activating eRNA production. Super enhancer (se) generated seRNA-1 and -2 promote myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. seRNA-1 regulates expression levels of two nearby genes, myoglobin (Mb) and apolipoprotein L6 (Apol6), by binding to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL). A CAAA tract on seRNA-1 is essential in mediating seRNA-1/hnRNPL binding and function. Disruption of seRNA-1-hnRNPL interaction attenuates Pol II and H3K36me3 deposition at the Mb locus, in coincidence with the reduction of its transcription. Furthermore, analyses of hnRNPL binding transcriptome-wide reveal its association with eRNAs is a general phenomenon in multiple cells. Collectively, we propose that eRNA-hnRNPL interaction represents a mechanism contributing to target mRNA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiajian Zhou
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangqiang He
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Bao
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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50
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Purohit G, Dhawan J. Adult Muscle Stem Cells: Exploring the Links Between Systemic and Cellular Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:312. [PMID: 31921837 PMCID: PMC6915107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that metabolites are important regulators of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) function and fate. While highly proliferative in early life, MuSCs reside in adult skeletal muscle tissue in a quiescent and metabolically depressed state, but are critical for the homeostatic maintenance and regenerative response of the tissue to damage. It is well established that metabolic activity in MuSC changes with their functional activation, but the spatiotemporal links between physiological metabolism and stem cell metabolism require explicit delineation. The quiescent MuSC is defined by a specific metabolic state, which is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors during physiological and pathological tissue dynamics. However, the extent of tissue and organismal level changes driven by alteration in metabolic state of quiescent MuSC is currently not well defined. In addition to their role as biosynthetic precursors and signaling molecules, metabolites are key regulators of epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging evidence points to metabolic control of epigenetic mechanisms in MuSC and their impact on muscle regenerative capacity. In this review, we explore the links between cell-intrinsic, tissue level, and systemic metabolic state in the context of MuSC metabolic state, quiescence, and tissue homeostasis to highlight unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Purohit
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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