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Chen R, Jin Y, Lian R, Yang J, Liao Z, Jin Y, Deng Z, Feng S, Feng Z, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Zhao L. CRIP1 regulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and pre-osteoblasts via the Wnt signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 727:150277. [PMID: 38936225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
With the aging of the global demographic, the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are becoming crucial issues. The gradual loss of self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation capabilities in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is one of the key factors contributing to osteoporosis. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of BMSCs differentiation, we collected bone marrow cells of femoral heads from patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed significantly reduced CRIP1 (Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein 1) expression and osteogenic capacity in the BMSCs of osteoporosis patients compared to non-osteoporosis group. CRIP1 is a gene that encodes a member of the LIM/double zinc finger protein family, which is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes including cell growth, development, and differentiation. CRIP1 knockdown resulted in decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and expression of osteogenic markers, indicating impaired osteogenic differentiation. Conversely, CRIP1 overexpression, both in vitro and in vivo, enhanced osteogenic differentiation and rescued bone mass reduction in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mice model. The study further established CRIP1's modulation of osteogenesis through the Wnt signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting CRIP1 could offer a novel approach for osteoporosis treatment by promoting bone formation and preventing bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruge Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yangchen Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ru Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force Special Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zheting Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhonghao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shuhao Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zihang Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yiran Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Wang X, Yang C, Huang C, Wang W. Dysfunction of the carnitine cycle in tumor progression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35961. [PMID: 39211923 PMCID: PMC11357771 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The carnitine cycle is responsible for the transport of cytoplasmic fatty acids to the mitochondria for subsequent β-oxidation to maintain intracellular energy homeostasis. Recent studies have identified abnormalities in the carnitine cycle in various types of tumors; these abnormalities include the altered expression levels of carnitine cycle-related metabolic enzymes and transport proteins. Dysfunction of the carnitine cycle has been shown to influence tumorigenesis and progression by altering intracellular oxidative and inflammatory status or regulating tumor metabolic flexibility. Many therapeutic strategies targeting the carnitine cycle are actively being explored to modify the dysfunction of the carnitine cycle in patients with malignant tumors; such approaches include carnitine cycle-related enzyme inhibitors and exogenous carnitine supplementation. Therefore, here, we review the studies of carnitine in tumors, aiming to scientifically illustrate the dysfunction of the carnitine cycle in tumor progression and provide new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chuanxin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Huang J, Tang Y, Li Y, Wei W, Kang F, Tan S, Lin L, Lu X, Wei H, Wang N. BBOX1 mediates metabolic reprogramming driven by hypoxia and participates in the malignant progress of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119830. [PMID: 39181218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most aggressive type of ovarian cancer that causes great threats to women's health. Therefore, we performed RNA-sequencing technology in clinical samples to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of HGSOC. We then noticed BBOX1, a kind of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzyme that is highly expressed in HGSOC tumor tissues. Functional studies showed that BBOX1 promotes cell survival and growth of HGSOC cells in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of the wild-type BBOX1 promoted cell proliferation, but the Asn191 and Asn292 mutation (key amino acid for the enzymatic activity of BBOX1) counteracted this effect (P < 0.05), which indicated that the promotion effect of BBOX1 on HGSOC cell proliferation was related to its catalytic activity. Downregulation of BBOX1 reduced the activity of the mTORC1 pathway, and decreased protein expression of IP3R3 and phosphorylation level of S6KThr389. Metabolomics analysis revealed that BBOX1 is implicated in the glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism of HGSOC cells. In addition, inhibition of BBOX1 suppressed HGSOC cell glycolysis and decreased glucose consumption, lactate production, and the expression of key factors in glycolysis. Finally, we found hypoxia induced the expression of BBOX1 in HGSOC cells and confirmed that BBOX1 could be transcriptionally activated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which could directly bind to the BBOX1 promoter. In summary, BBOX1 mediated the metabolic reprogramming driven by hypoxia, and affected cell metabolism through the mTORC1 pathway, thus acting as an oncogene during HGSOC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yibing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Fuli Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Shuang Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
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Ma L, Chen C, Zhao C, Li T, Ma L, Jiang J, Duan Z, Si Q, Chuang TH, Xiang R, Luo Y. Targeting carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) induces ferroptosis and synergizes with immunotherapy in lung cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:64. [PMID: 38453925 PMCID: PMC10920667 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful application of immune checkpoint therapy, no response or recurrence is typical in lung cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a crucial player in immunotherapy-related resistance. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is highly regulated by cellular metabolism remolding and has been shown to have synergistic effects when combined with immunotherapy. Metabolic adaption of CSCs drives tumor resistance, yet the mechanisms of their ferroptosis defense in tumor immune evasion remain elusive. Here, through metabolomics, transcriptomics, a lung epithelial-specific Cpt1a-knockout mouse model, and clinical analysis, we demonstrate that CPT1A, a key rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation, acts with L-carnitine, derived from tumor-associated macrophages to drive ferroptosis-resistance and CD8+ T cells inactivation in lung cancer. Mechanistically, CPT1A restrains ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc, while c-Myc transcriptionally activates CPT1A expression. The CPT1A/c-Myc positive feedback loop further enhances the cellular antioxidant capacity by activating the NRF2/GPX4 system and reduces the amount of phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids through ACSL4 downregulating, thereby suppressing ferroptosis in CSCs. Significantly, targeting CPT1A enhances immune checkpoint blockade-induced anti-tumor immunity and tumoral ferroptosis in tumor-bearing mice. The results illustrate the potential of a mechanism-guided therapeutic strategy by targeting a metabolic vulnerability in the ferroptosis of CSCs to improve the efficacy of lung cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Chunxing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lingyu Ma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiayu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qin Si
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Tang P, Yu Z, Sun H, Liu L, Gong L, Fang T, Sun X, Xie S, An G, Xu Z, Qiu L, Hao M. CRIP1 involves the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma via dual-regulation of proteasome and autophagy. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104961. [PMID: 38199044 PMCID: PMC10825369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy of the plasma cells. The maintenance of protein homeostasis is critical for MM cell survival. Elevated levels of paraproteins in MM cells are cleared by proteasomes or lysosomes, which are independent but inter-connected with each other. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) work as a backbone agent and successfully improved the outcome of patients; however, the increasing activity of autophagy suppresses the sensitivity to PIs treatment. METHODS The transcription levels of CRIP1 were explored in plasma cells obtained from healthy donors, patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) using Gene expression omnibus datasets. Doxycycline-inducible CRIP1-shRNA and CRIP1 overexpressed MM cell lines were constructed to explore the role of CRIP1 in MM pathogenesis. Proliferation, invasion, migration, proteasome activity and autophagy were examined in MM cells with different CRIP1 levels. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) with Tandem affinity purification/Mass spectrum (TAP/MS) was performed to identify the binding proteins of CRIP1. The mouse xenograft model was used to determine the role of CRIP1 in the proliferation and drug-resistance of MM cells. FINDINGS High CRIP1 expression was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with MM and served as a biomarker for RRMM with shorter overall survival. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that CRIP1 plays a critical role in protein homeostasis via the dual regulation of the activities of proteasome and autophagy in MM cells. A combined analysis of RNA-seq, Co-IP and TAP/MS demonstrated that CRIP1 promotes proteasome inhibitors resistance in MM cells by simultaneously binding to de-ubiquitinase USP7 and proteasome coactivator PA200. CRIP1 promoted proteasome activity and autophagosome maturation by facilitating the dequbiquitination and stabilization of PA200. INTERPRETATION Our findings clarified the pivotal roles of the CRIP1/USP7/PA200 complex in ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation and autophagy maturation involved in the pathogenesis of MM. FUNDING A full list of funding sources can be found in the acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Teng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Xu
- Hematology Department Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China; Gobroad Healthcare Group, Beijing, China.
| | - Mu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
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Hu Z, You L, Hu S, Yu L, Gao Y, Li L, Zhang S. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell-derived exosomal miR-21-5p promotes the polarization of tumor-related macrophages (TAMs) through SP1/XBP1 and affects the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111149. [PMID: 38006750 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have unique functions in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The tumor microenvironment is in a complex state in chronic disease. As a major participant in tumor-associated inflammation, TAMs have a unique effect on promoting tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. The in-depth study of TAMs has important scientific and clinical value and provides new ideas for the treatment of cancer. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR and clinical samples were used to analyze the potential mechanism of the miR-21-5p/SP1/XBP1 molecular axis in HCC. In this study, miR-21-5p was highly expressed in HCC exosomes compared with normal hepatocyte exosomes, and HCC exosomes containing miR-21-5p promoted the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and inhibited cell apoptosis. In addition, this treatment promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages, induced the expression of transcription factor-specific protein 1 (SP1), and inhibited the expression of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). However, these expression trends were reversed after inhibition of miR-21-5p expression in exosomes of hepatoma cells, and the effects of exosomal miR-21-5p were partially restored after overexpression of SP1. Animal experiments also verified that exosomal miR-21-5p in HCC cells affected the expression level of the SP1/XBP1 protein and promoted M2 polarization of TAMs. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-21-5p in HCC cells can affect the development of HCC cells by regulating SP1/XBP1 and promoting the M2 polarization of TAMs, thereby affecting the adverse prognostic response of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Hu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Liying You
- The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; Department of Hepatology, First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Songqi Hu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lu Yu
- The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Li Li
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Shengning Zhang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
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Chen G, Bao B, Cheng Y, Tian M, Song J, Zheng L, Tong Q. Acetyl-CoA metabolism as a therapeutic target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115741. [PMID: 37864899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), an essential metabolite, not only takes part in numerous intracellular metabolic processes, powers the tricarboxylic acid cycle, serves as a key hub for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and isoprenoids, but also serves as a signaling substrate for acetylation reactions in post-translational modification of proteins, which is crucial for the epigenetic inheritance of cells. Acetyl-CoA links lipid metabolism with histone acetylation to create a more intricate regulatory system that affects the growth, aggressiveness, and drug resistance of malignancies such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These fascinating advances in the knowledge of acetyl-CoA metabolism during carcinogenesis and normal physiology have raised interest regarding its modulation in malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of main metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We also summarize the role of acetyl-CoA in the metabolic reprogramming and stress regulation of cancer cells, as well as medical application of inhibitors targeting its dysregulation in therapeutic intervention of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Banghe Bao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Minxiu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
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8
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Yang T, Liang N, Zhang J, Bai Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Chen L, Yang M, Huang Q, Hu P, Wang Q, Zhang H. OCTN2 enhances PGC-1α-mediated fatty acid oxidation and OXPHOS to support stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism 2023; 147:155628. [PMID: 37315888 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells plays a vital role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2), a sodium-ion dependent carnitine transporter and a sodium-ion independent tetraethylammonium (TEA) transporter, has been reported to contribute tumor malignancies and metabolic dysregulation in renal and esophageal carcinoma. However, the role of lipid metabolism deregulation mediated by OCTN2 in HCC cells has not been clarified. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry assay were employed to identify OCTN2 expression in HCC tissues. The correlation between OCTN2 expression and prognosis was elucidated through K-M survival analysis. The expression and function of OCTN2 were examined via the assays of western blotting, sphere formation, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The mechanism of OCTN2-mediated HCC malignancies was investigated through RNA-seq and metabolomic analyses. Furthermore, xenograft tumor models based on HCC cells with different OCTN2 expression levels were conducted to analyze the tumorigenic and targetable role of OCTN2 in vivo. RESULTS We found that gradually focused OCTN2 was significantly upregulated in HCC and tightly associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, OCTN2 upregulation promoted HCC cells proliferation and migration in vitro and augmented the growth and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, OCTN2 promoted the cancer stem-like properties of HCC by increasing fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanistically, PGC-1α signaling participated in the HCC cancer stem-like properties mediated by OCTN2 overexpression, which is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, OCTN2 upregulation may be transcriptionally activated by YY1 in HCC. Particularly, treatment with mildronate, an inhibitor of OCTN2, showed a therapeutic influence on HCC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that OCTN2 plays a critical metabolic role in HCC cancer stemness maintenance and HCC progression, providing evidence for OCTN2 as a promising target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China; Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, XiJing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuedan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Liusheng Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Clinical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 920 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China; Department of Intervention Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
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9
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Ding T, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Cong Y, Long J, Peng M, Faleti OD, Yang Y, Li X, Lyu X. EBV-Associated Hub Genes as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting the Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Viruses 2023; 15:1915. [PMID: 37766321 PMCID: PMC10537168 DOI: 10.3390/v15091915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a model using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hub genes in order to predict the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Differential expression analysis, univariate regression analysis, and machine learning were performed in three microarray datasets (GSE2371, GSE12452, and GSE102349) collected from the GEO database. Three hundred and sixty-six EBV-DEGs were identified, 25 of which were found to be significantly associated with NPC prognosis. These 25 genes were used to classify NPC into two subtypes, and six genes (C16orf54, CD27, CD53, CRIP1, RARRES3, and TBC1D10C) were found to be hub genes in NPC related to immune infiltration and cell cycle regulation. It was shown that these genes could be used to predict the prognosis of NPC, with functions related to tumor proliferation and immune infiltration, making them potential therapeutic targets. The findings of this study could aid in the development of screening and prognostic methods for NPC based on EBV-related features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China; (T.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (M.P.)
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
| | - Yuanbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China; (T.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (M.P.)
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
| | - Zhixuan Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
| | - Ying Cong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China; (T.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (M.P.)
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
| | - Jingyi Long
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Manli Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China; (T.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (M.P.)
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
| | - Oluwasijibomi Damola Faleti
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yinggui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China; (T.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (M.P.)
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China; (T.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (M.P.)
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (J.L.); (O.D.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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10
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Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Liu J, Zhou C, Sun M, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Song Y, Wang Z. CRIP1 Reshapes the Gastric Cancer Microenvironment to Facilitate Development of Lymphatic Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303246. [PMID: 37409440 PMCID: PMC10502640 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis in tumors provides an auxiliary route for cancer cell invasion to drainage lymph nodes, facilitating the development of lymphatic metastasis (LM). However, the mechanisms governing tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic permeability in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. Here, the unprecedented role and mechanism of cysteine-rich intestinal protein-1 (CRIP1) in mediating the development of GC LM is uncovered. A series of assays are performed to identify downstream targets of CRIP1, and rescue experiments are performed to confirm the effects of this regulatory axis on LM. CRIP1 overexpression facilitates LM in GC by promoting lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel permeability. CRIP1 promotes phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element binding protein 1(CREB1), which then mediates vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) expression necessary for CRIP1-induced lymphangiogenesis and transcriptionally promotes C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression. CCL5 recruits macrophages to promote tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion, eventually enhancing lymphatic permeability. The study highlights CRIP1 regulates the tumor microenvironment to promote lymphangiogenesis and LM in GC. Considering the current limited understanding of LM development in GC, these pathways provide potential targets for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Bicheng Qu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Minxian Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Health SciencesChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Cen Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Mingwei Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Zhexu Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Institute of Health SciencesChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110122China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors China Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
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11
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Tang X. STUB1/CHIP: New insights in cancer and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115190. [PMID: 37506582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The STUB1 gene (STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1), located at 16q13.3, encodes the CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein), an essential E3 ligase involved in protein quality control. CHIP comprises three domains: an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, a middle coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal U-box domain. It functions as a co-chaperone for heat shock protein (HSP) via the TPR domain and as an E3 ligase, ubiquitinating substrates through its U-box domain. Numerous studies suggest that STUB1 plays a crucial role in various physiological process, such as aging, autophagy, and bone remodeling. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that STUB1 can degrade oncoproteins to exert tumor-suppressive functions, and it has recently emerged as a novel player in tumor immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of STUB1's role in cancer, including its clinical significance, impact on tumor progression, dual roles, tumor stem cell-like properties, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and DNA repair. In addition, we explore STUB1's functions in immune cell differentiation and maturation, inflammation, autoimmunity, antiviral immune response, and tumor immunity. Collectively, STUB1 represents a promising and valuable therapeutic target in cancer and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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12
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Li X, Wang Q, Ai L, Cheng K. Unraveling the activation process and core driver genes of HSCs during cirrhosis by single-cell transcriptome. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1414-1424. [PMID: 37674431 PMCID: PMC10657590 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231191109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, cirrhosis is a common cause of death, manifesting itself as fibrosis of the liver tissue. When the liver is damaged, the liver produces fibrotic, proliferative myofibroblasts, which are formed by the differentiation of activated hepatic stellate cells. There are no effective antifibrotic treatment options. To deeply explore the activation process of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and to discover better therapeutic target genes, single-cell RNA sequencing data on 13 non-cirrhotic liver tissue samples and 10 cirrhotic liver tissue samples were analyzed. We identified activated HSCs from the mesenchymal cell population with high expression of ACTA2. By pseudo-time analysis, we found that the key genes for the differentiation of HSCs into myofibroblasts were C3, CCDC80, COL1A1, COL3A1, DCN, FBLN1, IGFBP3, MXRA5, SERPINE1, and MYH11. Then, we found that the main regulators of HSCs from inactive to activated state were NTF3, NTRK3, NTRK2, JAG1, NOTCH3, ESAM, and CD46 by cell-cell communication analysis. In addition, we found that the top2 hub genes of activated HSCs were CRIP1 and ACTA2. The experimental results show that the top2 hub genes were significantly overexpressed in cirrhotic samples. Our work dissected key intercellular regulators and core driver genes during hepatic stellate cell activation during cirrhosis through single-cell transcriptome data analysis, providing a research strategy to discover rational therapeutic targets for cirrhosis and some important information for gene targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Transplantation Center, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Transplantation Center, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liang Ai
- Transplantation Center, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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13
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Gupta R, Kadhim MM, Turki Jalil A, Obayes AM, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Tayyib NA, Luo X. Multifaceted role of NF-κB in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: Molecular landscape, therapeutic compounds and nanomaterial approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115767. [PMID: 36966991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The predominant kind of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that its treatment have been troublesome difficulties for physicians due to aggressive behavior of tumor cells in proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, stemness of HCC cells can result in tumor recurrence and angiogenesis occurs. Another problem is development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in HCC cells. Genomic mutations participate in malignant behavior of HCC and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) has been one of the oncogenic factors in different human cancers that after nuclear translocation, it binds to promoter of genes in regulating their expression. Overexpression of NF-κB has been well-documented in increasing proliferation and invasion of tumor cells and notably, when its expression enhances, it induces chemoresistance and radio-resistance. Highlighting function of NF-κB in HCC can shed some light on the pathways regulating progression of tumor cells. The first aspect is proliferation acceleration and apoptosis inhibition in HCC cells mediated by enhancement in expression level of NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB is able to enhance invasion of HCC cells via upregulation of MMPs and EMT, and it triggers angiogenesis as another step for increasing spread of tumor cells in tissues and organs. When NF-κB expression enhances, it stimulates chemoresistance and radio-resistance in HCC cells and by increasing stemness and population of cancer-stem cells, it can provide the way for recurrence of tumor. Overexpression of NF-κB mediates therapy resistance in HCC cells and it can be regulated by non-coding RNAs in HCC. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB by anti-cancer and epigenetic drugs suppresses HCC tumorigenesis. More importantly, nanoparticles are considered for suppressing NF-κB axis in cancer and their prospectives and results can also be utilized for treatment of HCC. Nanomaterials are promising factors in treatment of HCC and by delivery of genes and drugs, they suppress HCC progression. Furthermore, nanomaterials provide phototherapy in HCC ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, District-Mathura, U. P., India
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | | | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm al- Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuanming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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14
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Chen C, Yi X, Liu P, Li J, Yan B, Zhang D, Zhu L, Yu P, Li L, Zhang J, Kuang Y, Zhao S, Zhu W, Peng C, Chen X. CD147 Facilitates the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis through Glycolysis and H3K9me3 Modification in Keratinocytes. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0167. [PMID: 37303600 PMCID: PMC10249783 DOI: 10.34133/research.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring rapid proliferation of epidermal cells. Although elevated glycolysis flux has been reported in psoriasis, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. We investigated the role of the integral membrane protein CD147 in psoriasis pathogenesis, observing its high expression in psoriatic skin lesions of humans and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse models. In mouse models, genomic deletion of epidermal CD147 markedly attenuated IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation. We found that CD147 interacted with glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). Depletion of CD147 in the epidermis blocked glucose uptake and glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. In CD147-knockout mice and keratinocytes, oxidative phosphorylation was increased in the epidermis, indicating CD147's pivotal role in glycolysis reprogramming during pathogenesis of psoriasis. Using non-targeted and targeted metabolic techniques, we found that epidermal deletion of CD147 significantly increased the production of carnitine and α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG). Depletion of CD147 also increased transcriptional expression and activity of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (γ-BBD/BBOX1), a crucial molecule for carnitine metabolism, by inhibiting histone trimethylations of H3K9. Our findings demonstrate that CD147 is critical in metabolic reprogramming through the α-KG-H3K9me3-BBOX1 axis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, indicating that epidermal CD147 is a promising target for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Detian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yehong Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Wang Y, Tong M. Protein Posttranslational Modification in Stemness Remodeling and Its Emerging Role as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119173. [PMID: 37298124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, as critical mechanisms for protein regulation, are well known to enhance the functional diversity of the proteome and dramatically participate in complicated biological processes. Recent efforts in the field of cancer biology have illustrated the extensive landscape of PTMs and their crosstalk with a wide range of pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways that decisively contribute to neoplastic transformation, tumor recurrence, and resistance to oncotherapy. Cancer stemness is an emerging concept that maintains the ability of tumor cells to self-renew and differentiate and has been recognized as the root of cancer development and therapy resistance. In recent years, the PTM profile for modulating the stemness of various tumor types has been identified. This breakthrough has shed light on the underlying mechanisms by which protein PTMs maintain cancer stemness, initiate tumor relapse, and confer resistance to oncotherapies. This review focuses on the latest knowledge of protein PTMs in reprogramming the stemness of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. A deeper understanding of abnormal PTMs in specific proteins or signaling pathways provides an opportunity to specifically target cancer stem cells and highlights the clinical relevance of PTMs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with GI malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Deng X, Zeng Y, Qiu X, Zhong M, Xiong X, Luo M, Zhang J, Chen X. CRIP1 supports the growth and migration of AML-M5 subtype cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Leuk Res 2023; 130:107312. [PMID: 37224580 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous hematopoietic disorder. To effectively eradicate AML, it is urgent to develop new therapeutic approaches and identify novel molecular targets. In silico analysis indicated that the expression of cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 (CRIP1) was significantly elevated in AML cells and correlated with worse overall survival of the AML patients. However, its specific roles in AML remain elusive. Here we demonstrated that CRIP1 acted as a key oncogene to support AML cell survival and migration. Using a loss-of-function analysis, we found that CRIP1 silencing in U937 and THP1 cells by lentivirus-mediated shRNAs resulted in a decrease in cell growth, migration and colony formation, and an increase in chemosensitivity to Ara-C. CRIP1 silencing induced cell apoptosis and G1/S transition arrest. Mechanically, CRIP1 silencing caused inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway through upregulating axin1 protein. The Wnt/β-catenin agonist SKL2001 markedly rescued the cell growth and migration defect induced by CRIP1 silencing. Our findings reveals that CRIP1 may contribute to AML-M5 pathogenesis and represent a novel target for AML-M5 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Deng
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Leukemia, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Yanmei Zeng
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Leukemia, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiaofen Qiu
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Leukemia, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Mingxing Zhong
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Leukemia, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiujuan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Mansheng Luo
- Clinical laboratory, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Leukemia, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Leukemia, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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17
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Zhang X, Wang C, Li C, Zhao H. Development and internal validation of nomograms based on plasma metabolites to predict non-small cell lung cancer risk in smoking and nonsmoking populations. Thorac Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37150808 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has significantly higher incidence and mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the metabolic profiles of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and constructed prediction models for smokers and nonsmokers with internal validation. METHODS Plasma was collected from all patients enrolled for metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The total population was divided into two groups according to smoking or not. Statistical analysis of metabolites was performed separately for each group and prediction models were constructed. RESULTS A total of 1723 patients (1109 NSCLC patients and 614 healthy controls) were enrolled from the affiliated hospital during 2018 to 2021. After grouping by smoking history, each group was statistically analyzed and prediction models were constructed, which resulted in eight indicators (propionylcarnitine, arginine, citrulline, etc.) significantly associated with lung cancer risk for smokers and eight indicators (dodecanoylcarnitine, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, asparagine, etc.) for nonsmokers (p < 0.05). The smoker model indicated an AUC of 0.860 in the training set and 0.850 in the validation set. The nonsmoker model showed an AUC of 0.783 in the training set and 0.762 in the validation set. Further calibration tests for both models indicated excellent goodness-of-fit results. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found a series of metabolites significantly associated with lung cancer incidence and constructed respectively prediction models for NSCLC risk in smokers and nonsmokers, with internal validation to confirm the efficiency to discriminate lung cancer risk in both smoking and nonsmoking states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenwei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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18
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Liao C, Liu X, Zhang C, Zhang Q. Tumor hypoxia: From basic knowledge to therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:172-186. [PMID: 36603793 PMCID: PMC9929926 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diminished oxygen availability, termed hypoxia, within solid tumors is one of the most common characteristics of cancer. Hypoxia shapes the landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) into a pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic niche through arrays of pathological alterations such as abnormal vasculature, altered metabolism, immune-suppressive phenotype, etc. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that limited efficacy or the development of resistance towards antitumor therapy may be largely due to the hypoxic TME. This review will focus on summarizing the knowledge about the molecular machinery that mediates the hypoxic cellular responses and adaptations, as well as highlighting the effects and consequences of hypoxia, especially for angiogenesis regulation, cellular metabolism alteration, and immunosuppressive response within the TME. We also outline the current advances in novel therapeutic implications through targeting hypoxia in TME. A deep understanding of the basics and the role of hypoxia in the tumor will help develop better therapeutic avenues in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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