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Yongprayoon V, Wattanakul N, Khomate W, Apithanangsiri N, Kasitipradit T, Nantajit D, Tavassoli M. Targeting BRD4: Potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:74. [PMID: 38606512 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As a member of BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) protein family, BRD4 (bromodomain‑containing protein 4) is a chromatin‑associated protein that interacts with acetylated histones and actively recruits regulatory proteins, leading to the modulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. The cellular and epigenetic functions of BRD4 implicate normal development, fibrosis and inflammation. BRD4 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target as it is often overexpressed and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression programs that drive tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and drug resistance. To address the roles of BRD4 in cancer, several drugs that specifically target BRD4 have been developed. Inhibition of BRD4 has shown promising results in preclinical models, with several BRD4 inhibitors undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a heterogeneous group of cancers, remains a health challenge with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. Conventional therapies for HNSCC often cause adverse effects to the patients. Targeting BRD4, therefore, represents a promising strategy to sensitize HNSCC to chemo‑ and radiotherapy allowing de‑intensification of the current therapeutic regime and subsequent reduced side effects. However, further studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of action of BRD4 in HNSCC in order to determine the optimal dosing and administration of BRD4‑targeted drugs for the treatment of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voraporn Yongprayoon
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Napasporn Wattanakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Winnada Khomate
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nathakrit Apithanangsiri
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tarathip Kasitipradit
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Danupon Nantajit
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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2
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Di Marco T, Mazzoni M, Greco A, Cassinelli G. Non-oncogene dependencies: Novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116254. [PMID: 38704100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Targeting oncogene addictions have changed the history of subsets of malignancies and continues to represent an excellent therapeutic opportunity. Nonetheless, alternative strategies are required to treat malignancies driven by undruggable oncogenes or loss of tumor suppressor genes and to overcome drug resistance also occurring in cancers addicted to actionable drivers. The discovery of non-oncogene addiction (NOA) uncovered novel therapeutically exploitable "Achilles' heels". NOA refers to genes/pathways not oncogenic per sé but essential for the tumor cell growth/survival while dispensable for normal cells. The clinical success of several classes of conventional and molecular targeted agents can be ascribed to their impact on both tumor cell-associated intrinsic as well as microenvironment-related extrinsic NOA. The integration of genetic, computational and pharmacological high-throughput approaches led to the identification of an expanded repertoire of synthetic lethality interactions implicating NOA targets. Only a few of them have been translated into the clinics as most NOA vulnerabilities are not easily druggable or appealing targets. Nonetheless, their identification has provided in-depth knowledge of tumor pathobiology and suggested novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, we summarize conceptual framework of intrinsic and extrinsic NOA providing exploitable vulnerabilities. Conventional and emerging methodological approaches used to disclose NOA dependencies are reported together with their limits. We illustrate NOA paradigmatic and peculiar examples and outline the functional/mechanistic aspects, potential druggability and translational interest. Finally, we comment on difficulties in exploiting the NOA-generated knowledge to develop novel therapeutic approaches to be translated into the clinics and to fully harness the potential of clinically available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Marco
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Mazzoni
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Greco
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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3
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Jiménez DJ, Javed A, Rubio-Tomás T, Seye-Loum N, Barceló C. Clinical and Preclinical Targeting of Oncogenic Pathways in PDAC: Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for the Deadliest Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2860. [PMID: 38474109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is commonly diagnosed in advanced stages and therapeutic interventions are typically constrained to systemic chemotherapy, which yields only modest clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine recent developments in targeted therapy tailored to address distinct molecular pathway alteration required for PDAC. Our review delineates the principal signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms implicated in the initiation and progression of PDAC. Subsequently, we provide an overview of prevailing guidelines, ongoing investigations, and prospective research trajectories related to targeted therapeutic interventions, drawing insights from randomized clinical trials and other pertinent studies. This review focus on a comprehensive examination of preclinical and clinical data substantiating the efficacy of these therapeutic modalities, emphasizing the potential of combinatorial regimens and novel therapies to enhance the quality of life for individuals afflicted with PDAC. Lastly, the review delves into the contemporary application and ongoing research endeavors concerning targeted therapy for PDAC. This synthesis serves to bridge the molecular elucidation of PDAC with its clinical implications, the evolution of innovative therapeutic strategies, and the changing landscape of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Jiménez
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aadil Javed
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ndioba Seye-Loum
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carles Barceló
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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4
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Liang J, Bi G, Sui Q, Zhao G, Zhang H, Bian Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Xi J, Shi Y, Wang Q, Zhan C. Transcription factor ZNF263 enhances EGFR-targeted therapeutic response and reduces residual disease in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113771. [PMID: 38335093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have achieved clinical success in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, tumors often show profound but transient initial response and then gain resistance. We identify transcription factor ZNF263 as being significantly decreased in osimertinib-resistant or drug-tolerant persister LUAD cells and clinical residual tumors. ZNF263 overexpression improves the initial response of cells and delays the formation of persister cells with osimertinib treatment. We further show that ZNF263 binds and recruits DNMT1 to the EGFR gene promoter, suppressing EGFR transcription with DNA hypermethylation. ZNF263 interacts with nuclear EGFR, impairing the EGFR-STAT5 interaction to enhance AURKA expression. Overexpressing ZNF263 also makes tumor cells with wild-type EGFR expression or refractory EGFR mutations more susceptible to EGFR inhibition. More importantly, lentivirus or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated ZNF263 overexpression synergistically suppresses tumor growth and regrowth with osimertinib treatment in xenograft animal models. These findings suggest that enhancing ZNF263 may achieve complete response in LUAD with EGFR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qihai Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangyin Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junjie Xi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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5
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Sinkala M, Naran K, Ramamurthy D, Mungra N, Dzobo K, Martin D, Barth S. Machine learning and bioinformatic analyses link the cell surface receptor transcript levels to the drug response of breast cancer cells and drug off-target effects. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296511. [PMID: 38306344 PMCID: PMC10836680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer responds variably to anticancer therapies, often leading to significant off-target effects. This study proposes that the variability in tumour responses and drug-induced adverse events is linked to the transcriptional profiles of cell surface receptors (CSRs) in breast tumours and normal tissues. We analysed multiple datasets to compare CSR expression in breast tumours with that in non-cancerous human tissues. Our findings correlate the drug responses of breast cancer cell lines with the expression levels of their targeted CSRs. Notably, we identified distinct differences in CSR expression between primary breast tumour subtypes and corresponding cell lines, which may influence drug response predictions. Additionally, we used clinical trial data to uncover associations between CSR gene expression in healthy tissues and the incidence of adverse drug reactions. This integrative approach facilitates the selection of optimal CSR targets for therapy, leveraging cell line dose-responses, CSR expression in normal tissues, and patient adverse event profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musalula Sinkala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dharanidharan Ramamurthy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neelakshi Mungra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Medical Research Council-SA Wound Healing Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Darren Martin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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6
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Gautam N, Ramamoorthi G, Champion N, Han HS, Czerniecki BJ. Reviewing the significance of dendritic cell vaccines in interrupting breast cancer development. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 95:101239. [PMID: 38150884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is the most prevalent cancer in women. According to the U.S breast cancer statistics, about 1 in every 8 women develop an invasive form of breast cancer during their lifetime. Immunotherapy has been a significant advancement in the treatment of cancer with multiple studies reporting favourable patient outcomes by modulating the immune response to cancer cells. Here, we review the significance of dendritic cell vaccines in treating breast cancer patients. We discuss the involvement of dendritic cells and oncodrivers in breast tumorigenesis, highlighting the rationale for targeting oncodrivers and neoantigens using dendritic cell vaccine therapy. We review different dendritic cell subsets and maturation states previously used to develop vaccines and suggest the use of DC vaccines for breast cancer prevention. Further, we highlight that the intratumoral delivery of type 1 dendritic cell vaccines in breast cancer patients activates tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cells, promoting an anti-tumorigenic immune response while concurrently blocking pro-tumorigenic responses. In summary, this review provides an overview of the current state of dendritic cell vaccines in breast cancer highlighting the challenges and considerations necessary for an efficient dendritic cell vaccine design in interrupting breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Gautam
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ganesan Ramamoorthi
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Champion
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hyo S Han
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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7
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Kook E, Chun KS, Kim DH. Emerging Roles of YES1 in Cancer: The Putative Target in Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1450. [PMID: 38338729 PMCID: PMC10855972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are recognized as proto-oncogenic products. Among SFKs, YES1 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, including lung, breast, ovarian, and skin cancers. YES1 plays a pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation, survival, and invasiveness during tumor development. Recent findings indicate that YES1 expression and activation are associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in human malignancies. YES1 undergoes post-translational modifications, such as lipidation and nitrosylation, which can modulate its catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and binding affinity for substrate proteins. Therefore, we investigated the diverse mechanisms governing YES1 activation and its impact on critical intracellular signal transduction pathways. We emphasized the function of YES1 as a potential mechanism contributing to the anticancer drug resistance emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Kook
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42691, Republic of Korea;
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea;
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8
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Gharbaran R. Insights into the molecular roles of FOXR2 in the pathology of primary pediatric brain tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104188. [PMID: 37879492 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box gene R2 (FOXR2) belongs to the family of FOX genes which codes for highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) with critical roles in biological processes ranging from development to organogenesis to metabolic and immune regulation to cellular homeostasis. A number of FOX genes are associated with cancer development and progression and poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FOXR2 is an oncogene. Studies suggested important roles for FOXR2 in cancer cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Recent studies showed that FOXR2 is overexpressed by a subset of newly identified entities of embryonal tumors. This review discusses the role(s) FOXR2 plays in the pathology of pediatric brain cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- Biological Sciences Department, Bronx Community College/City University of New York, 2155 University Avenue, Bronx, NY 10453, USA.
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9
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Campanelli G, Deabel RA, Puaar A, Devarakonda LS, Parupathi P, Zhang J, Waxner N, Yang C, Kumar A, Levenson AS. Molecular Efficacy of Gnetin C as Dual-Targeted Therapy for Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300479. [PMID: 37863824 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Resistance of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to enzalutamide (Enz) involves the expression of constitutively active androgen receptor splice variant (AR-V7). In addition to altered AR pathways, CRPC is characterized by "non-AR-driven" signaling, which includes an overexpression of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1). Combining natural compounds with anticancer drugs may enhance drug effectiveness while reducing adverse effects. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of Gnetin C (GnC) alone and in combination with Enz against CRPC are examined. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of GnC alone and in combination with Enz are assessed by cell viability, clonogenic survival, cell migration, and AR and MTA1 expression using 22Rv1 cells. The tumor growth in vivo is assessed by bioluminescent imaging, western blots, RT-PCR, and IHC. GnC alone and in combined treatment inhibit cell viability, clonogenic survival and migration, and AR and MTA1 expression in 22Rv1 cells. The underlying AR- and MTA1-targeted anticancer mechanisms of treatments in vivo involve inhibition of proliferation and angiogenesis, and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that GnC alone and GnC combined with Enz effectively inhibits AR- and MTA1-promoted tumor-progression in advanced CRPC, which indicates its potential as a novel therapeutic approach for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Campanelli
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rabab Al Deabel
- School of Health Professions and Nursing, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Anand Puaar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Prashanth Parupathi
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Noah Waxner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Ching Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Anait S Levenson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
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Furugaki K, Fujimura T, Mizuta H, Yoshimoto T, Asakawa T, Yoshimura Y, Yoshiura S. FGFR blockade inhibits targeted therapy-tolerant persister in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high cancers with driver oncogenes. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:107. [PMID: 37880373 PMCID: PMC10600219 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell resistance arises when tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-targeted therapies induce a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state with growth via genetic aberrations, making DTP cells potential therapeutic targets. We screened an anti-cancer compound library and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) promoting alectinib-induced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive DTP cell's survival. FGFR1 signaling promoted DTP cell survival generated from basal FGFR1- and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-high protein expressing cells, following alectinib treatment, which is blocked by FGFR inhibition. The hazard ratio for progression-free survival of ALK-TKIs increased in patients with ALK fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer with FGFR1- and FGF2-high mRNA expression at baseline. The combination of FGFR and targeted TKIs enhanced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high protein expressing cells with ALK-rearranged and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-amplified breast cancer, or v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-mutated melanoma by preventing compensatory extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) reactivation. These results suggest that a targeted TKI-induced DTP state results from an oncogenic switch from activated oncogenic driver signaling to the FGFR1 pathway in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high expressing cancers and initial dual blockade of FGFR and driver oncogenes based on FGFR1 and FGF2 expression levels at baseline is a potent treatment strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance to targeted TKIs through DTP cells regardless of types of driver oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Furugaki
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujimura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Hayato Mizuta
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshimoto
- Biometrics Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Takashi Asakawa
- Biometrics Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshimura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshiura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan.
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11
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Wescott R, Samlowski W. Sustained Suppression of Gorlin Syndrome-Associated Basal Cell Carcinomas with Vismodegib or Sonidegib: A Case Series. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9156-9167. [PMID: 37887561 PMCID: PMC10604938 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) is characterized by numerous cutaneous basal cell carcinomas mediated by mutations in the hedgehog pathway. Vismodegib or sonidegib represent promising treatment options. We identified 10 Gorlin patients who were treated with sonidegib (n = 6) or vismodegib (n = 4) between March 2012 and March 2022. We analyzed the activity, toxicity, and duration of the response to oral hedgehog inhibitors. The number of new tumors that developed prior to treatment or after treatment as well as the time of response and durability of responses were assessed. All patients achieved a complete remission. With a 30.7 ± 48.4-month median follow-up, the drug treatment significantly reduced the number of new basal cell cancers from a mean of 28.3 ± 24.6 prior to treatment to a mean of 1.4 ± 2.0 during treatment (p = 0.0048). The median time to develop a new basal cell cancer was 47.3 months. Three patients eventually developed localized recurrences. After resection, ongoing treatment suppressed the development of additional lesions. One patient developed numerous new drug-resistant basal cell cancers and died of acute leukemia. Six patients required treatment modifications for toxicity. Sustained hedgehog inhibitor treatment can suppress the progression of both new and existing basal cell carcinomas for an extended period. Drug administration schedule adjustments improved tolerance without altering efficacy, potentially contributing to a prolonged response duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Wescott
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - Wolfram Samlowski
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada (Medical Oncology), Las Vegas, NV 89148, USA
- Department of Medicine, Kirk Kirkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
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12
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Ye Q, Zhou X, Ren H, Han F, Lin R, Li J. An overview of the past decade of bufalin in the treatment of refractory and drug-resistant cancers: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1274336. [PMID: 37860119 PMCID: PMC10582727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1274336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Profound progress has been made in cancer treatment in the past three decades. However, drug resistance remains prevalent and a critical challenge. Drug resistance can be attributed to oncogenes mutations, activated defensive mechanisms, ATP-bind cassette transporters overexpression, cancer stem cells, etc. Chinese traditional medicine toad venom has been used for centuries for different diseases, including resistant cancers. Bufalin is one of the bufadienolides in toad venom that has been extensively studied for its potential in refractory and drug-resistant cancer treatments in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we would like to critically review the progress made in the past decade (2013-2022) of bufalin in overcoming drug resistance in cancers. Generally, bufalin shows high potential in killing certain refractory and resistant cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. More importantly, bufalin can work as a chemo-sensitizer that enhances the sensitivity of certain conventional and targeted therapies at low concentrations. In addition, the development of bufalin derivatives was also briefly summarized and discussed. We also analyzed the obstacles and challenges and provided possible solutions for future perspectives. We hope that the collective information may help evoke more effort for more in-depth studies and evaluation of bufalin in both lab and possible clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Ye
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province & Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Han Ren
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fangxuan Han
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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13
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Nourbakhsh M, Saksager A, Tom N, Chen XS, Colaprico A, Olsen C, Tiberti M, Papaleo E. A workflow to study mechanistic indicators for driver gene prediction with Moonlight. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad274. [PMID: 37551622 PMCID: PMC10516357 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of driver genes (tumor suppressors and oncogenes) is an essential step in understanding cancer development and discovering potential novel treatments. We recently proposed Moonlight as a bioinformatics framework to predict driver genes and analyze them in a system-biology-oriented manner based on -omics integration. Moonlight uses gene expression as a primary data source and combines it with patterns related to cancer hallmarks and regulatory networks to identify oncogenic mediators. Once the oncogenic mediators are identified, it is important to include extra levels of evidence, called mechanistic indicators, to identify driver genes and to link the observed gene expression changes to the underlying alteration that promotes them. Such a mechanistic indicator could be for example a mutation in the regulatory regions for the candidate gene. Here, we developed new functionalities and released Moonlight2 to provide the user with a mutation-based mechanistic indicator as a second layer of evidence. These functionalities analyze mutations in a cancer cohort to classify them into driver and passenger mutations. Those oncogenic mediators with at least one driver mutation are retained as the final set of driver genes. We applied Moonlight2 to the basal-like breast cancer subtype, lung adenocarcinoma and thyroid carcinoma using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. For example, in basal-like breast cancer, we found four oncogenes (COPZ2, SF3B4, KRTCAP2 and POLR2J) and nine tumor suppressor genes (KIR2DL4, KIF26B, ARL15, ARHGAP25, EMCN, GMFG, TPK1, NR5A2 and TEK) containing a driver mutation in their promoter region, possibly explaining their deregulation. Moonlight2R is available at https://github.com/ELELAB/Moonlight2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nourbakhsh
- Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Astrid Saksager
- Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikola Tom
- Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xi Steven Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Reproduction and Genetics
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Brussels 1090, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Matteo Tiberti
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Kesarwani M, Kincaid Z, Azhar M, Menke J, Schwieterman J, Ansari S, Reaves A, Deininger ME, Levine R, Grimes HL, Azam M. MAPK-negative feedback regulation confers dependence to JAK2 V617F signaling. Leukemia 2023; 37:1686-1697. [PMID: 37430058 PMCID: PMC10976185 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in developing selective JAK2 inhibitors, JAK2 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is ineffective in suppressing the disease. Reactivation of compensatory MEK-ERK and PI3K survival pathways sustained by inflammatory cytokine signaling causes treatment failure. Concomitant inhibition of MAPK pathway and JAK2 signaling showed improved in vivo efficacy compared to JAK2 inhibition alone but lacked clonal selectivity. We hypothesized that cytokine signaling in JAK2V617F induced MPNs increases the apoptotic threshold that causes TKI persistence or refractoriness. Here, we show that JAK2V617F and cytokine signaling converge to induce MAPK negative regulator, DUSP1. Enhanced DUSP1 expression blocks p38 mediated p53 stabilization. Deletion of Dusp1 increases p53 levels in the context of JAK2V617F signaling that causes synthetic lethality to Jak2V617F expressing cells. However, inhibition of Dusp1 by a small molecule inhibitor (BCI) failed to impart Jak2V617F clonal selectivity due to pErk1/2 rebound caused by off-target inhibition of Dusp6. Ectopic expression of Dusp6 and BCI treatment restored clonal selectively and eradicated the Jak2V617F cells. Our study shows that inflammatory cytokines and JAK2V617F signaling converge to induce DUSP1, which downregulates p53 and establishes a higher apoptotic threshold. These data suggest that selectively targeting DUSP1 may provide a curative response in JAK2V617F-driven MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Kesarwani
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zachary Kincaid
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Azhar
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacob Menke
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sekhu Ansari
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela Reaves
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael E Deininger
- Versiti Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ross Levine
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, and Molecular Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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15
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Huang P, Qian Y, Xia Y, Wang S, Xu C, Zhu X, Gao Q. Integrated analysis identifies RAC3 as an immune-related prognostic biomarker associated with chemotherapy sensitivity in endometrial cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2385-2397. [PMID: 37386813 PMCID: PMC10424291 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynaecological malignant tumours with a high incidence, leading to urgent demands for exploring novel carcinogenic mechanisms and developing rational therapeutic strategies. The rac family of small GTPase 3 (RAC3) functions as an oncogene in various human malignant tumours and plays an important role in tumour development. However, the critical roles of RAC3 in the progression of EC need further investigation. Based on TCGA, single-cell RNA-Seq, CCLE and clinical specimens, we revealed that the RAC3 was specifically distributed in EC tumour cells compared to normal tissues and functioned as an independent diagnostic marker with a high area under curve (AUC) score. Meanwhile, the RAC3 expression in EC tissues was also correlated with a poor prognosis. In detail, the high levels of RAC3 in EC tissues were reversely associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and orchestrated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, RAC3 accelerated tumour cell proliferation and inhibited its apoptosis, without impacting cell cycle stages. Importantly, silencing RAC3 improved the sensitivity of EC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this paper, we revealed that RAC3 was predominantly expressed in EC and significantly correlated with the progression of EC via inducing immunosuppression and regulating tumour cell viability, providing a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising strategy for sensitizing chemotherapy to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yiyu Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Siyuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Cheng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qinglei Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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16
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Liu X, Zhang W. A subcomponent-guided deep learning method for interpretable cancer drug response prediction. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011382. [PMID: 37603576 PMCID: PMC10470940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of cancer drug response (CDR) is a longstanding challenge in modern oncology that underpins personalized treatment. Current computational methods implement CDR prediction by modeling responses between entire drugs and cell lines, without the consideration that response outcomes may primarily attribute to a few finer-level 'subcomponents', such as privileged substructures of the drug or gene signatures of the cancer cell, thus producing predictions that are hard to explain. Herein, we present SubCDR, a subcomponent-guided deep learning method for interpretable CDR prediction, to recognize the most relevant subcomponents driving response outcomes. Technically, SubCDR is built upon a line of deep neural networks that enables a set of functional subcomponents to be extracted from each drug and cell line profile, and breaks the CDR prediction down to identifying pairwise interactions between subcomponents. Such a subcomponent interaction form can offer a traceable path to explicitly indicate which subcomponents contribute more to the response outcome. We verify the superiority of SubCDR over state-of-the-art CDR prediction methods through extensive computational experiments on the GDSC dataset. Crucially, we found many predicted cases that demonstrate the strength of SubCDR in finding the key subcomponents driving responses and exploiting these subcomponents to discover new therapeutic drugs. These results suggest that SubCDR will be highly useful for biomedical researchers, particularly in anti-cancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Qu YQ, Song LL, Xu SW, Yu MSY, Kadioglu O, Michelangeli F, Law BYK, Efferth T, Lam CWK, Wong VKW. Pomiferin targets SERCA, mTOR, and P-gp to induce autophagic cell death in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, and reverses the MDR phenotype in cisplatin-resistant tumors in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106769. [PMID: 37061145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance in cancer has been classified as innate resistance or acquired resistance, which were characterized by apoptotic defects and ABC transporters overexpression respectively. Therefore, to preclude or reverse these resistance mechanisms could be a promising strategy to improve chemotherapeutic outcomes. In this study, a natural product from Osage Orange, pomiferin, was identified as a novel autophagy activator that circumvents innate resistance by triggering autophagic cell death via SERCA inhibition and activation of the CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR signaling cascade. In addition, pomiferin also directly inhibited the P-gp (MDR1/ABCB1) efflux and reversed acquired resistance by potentiating the accumulation and efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. In vivo study demonstrated that pomiferin triggered calcium-mediated tumor suppression and exhibited an anti-metastatic effect in the LLC-1 lung cancer-bearing mouse model. Moreover, as an adjuvant, pomiferin potentiated the anti-tumor effect of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, in RM-1 drug-resistant prostate cancer-bearing mouse model by specially attenuating ABCB1-mediated drug efflux, but not ABCC5, thereby promoting the accumulation of cisplatin in tumors. Collectively, pomiferin may serve as a novel effective agent for circumventing drug resistance in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qing Qu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lin-Lin Song
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Su-Wei Xu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Department of Basic Medicine of Zhuhai Health School, Zhuhai, China
| | - Margaret Sum Yee Yu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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18
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Bowling GC, Rands MG, Dobi A, Eldhose B. Emerging Developments in ETS-Positive Prostate Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:168-178. [PMID: 36511830 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global health concern, which has a low survival rate in its advanced stages. Even though second-generation androgen receptor-axis inhibitors serve as the mainstay treatment options, utmost of the metastatic cases progress into castration-resistant prostate cancer after their initial treatment response with poor prognostic outcomes. Hence, there is a dire need to develop effective inhibitors that aim the causal oncogenes tangled in the prostate cancer initiation and progression. Molecular-targeted therapy against E-26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors, particularly ETS-related gene, has gained wide attention as a potential treatment strategy. ETS rearrangements with the male hormone responsive transmembrane protease serine 2 promoter defines a significant number of prostate cancer cases and is responsible for cancer initiation and progression. Notably, inhibition of ETS activity has shown to reduce tumorigenesis, thus highlighting its potential as a clinical therapeutic target. In this review, we recapitulate the various targeted drug approaches, including small molecules, peptidomimetics, nucleic acids, and many others, aimed to suppress ETS activity. Several inhibitors have demonstrated ERG antagonist activity in prostate cancer, but further investigations into their molecular mechanisms and impacts on nontumor ETS-containing tissues is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gartrell C Bowling
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mitchell G Rands
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Binil Eldhose
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Qu G, Xu Y, Qu Y, Qiu J, Chen G, Zhao N, Deng J. Identification and validation of a novel ubiquitination-related gene UBE2T in Ewing's sarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1000949. [PMID: 36910645 PMCID: PMC9997212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is one of the most prevalent malignant bone tumors worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of the genes and signaling pathways of ES are still not well sufficiently comprehended. To identify candidate genes involved in the development and progression of ES, the study screened for key genes and biological pathways related to ES using bioinformatics methods. Methods The GSE45544 and GSE17618 microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built, and key module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. A core-gene was gained and was validated by the validation dataset GSE67886 and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The diagnostic value and prognosis evaluation of ES were executed using, respectively, the ROC approach and Cox Regression. Results A total of 187 DEGs, consisting of 56 downregulated genes and 131 upregulated genes, were identified by comparing the tumor samples to normal samples. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs, including cell division, mitotic nuclear division, cell proliferation, cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, were analyzed. There were 149 nodes and 1246 edges in the PPI network, and 15 hub genes were identified according to the degree levels. The core gene (UBE2T) showed high expression in ES, validated by using GSE67886 and IHC. The ROC analysis revealed UBE2T had outstanding diagnostic value in ES (AUC = 0.75 in the training set, AUC = 0.90 in the validation set). Kaplan-Meier (analysis of survival rate) and Cox Regression analyses indicated that UBE2T was a sign of adverse results for sufferers with ES. Conlusion UBE2T was a significant value biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of ES, thereby presenting a novel potential therapeutic target for ES as well as a new perspective for assessing the effect of treatment and prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanchun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ye Qu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinchao Qiu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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20
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Skorda A, Bay ML, Hautaniemi S, Lahtinen A, Kallunki T. Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: Current State and Future Promises. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246257. [PMID: 36551745 PMCID: PMC9777107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer, the high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) being its most common and most aggressive form. Despite the latest therapeutical advancements following the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) targeting angiogenesis inhibitors and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to supplement the standard platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, the expected overall survival of HGSC patients has not improved significantly from the five-year rate of 42%. This calls for the development and testing of more efficient treatment options. Many oncogenic kinase-signaling pathways are dysregulated in HGSC. Since small-molecule kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many solid cancers due to the generality of the increased activation of protein kinases in carcinomas, it is reasonable to evaluate their potential against HGSC. Here, we present the latest concluded and on-going clinical trials on kinase inhibitors in HGSC, as well as the recent work concerning ovarian cancer patient organoids and xenograft models. We discuss the potential of kinase inhibitors as personalized treatments, which would require comprehensive assessment of the biological mechanisms underlying tumor spread and chemoresistance in individual patients, and their connection to tumor genome and transcriptome to establish identifiable subgroups of patients who are most likely to benefit from a given therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Skorda
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Lund Bay
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Lahtinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.K.)
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21
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Liu Z, Zou H, Dang Q, Xu H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Lv J, Li H, Zhou Z, Han X. Biological and pharmacological roles of m 6A modifications in cancer drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:220. [PMID: 36517820 PMCID: PMC9749187 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance represents the main obstacle in cancer treatment. Drug-resistant cancers exhibit complex molecular mechanisms to hit back therapy under pharmacological pressure. As a reversible epigenetic modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification was regarded to be the most common epigenetic RNA modification. RNA methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m6A-binding proteins (readers) are frequently disordered in several tumors, thus regulating the expression of oncoproteins, enhancing tumorigenesis, cancer proliferation, development, and metastasis. The review elucidated the underlying role of m6A in therapy resistance. Alteration of the m6A modification affected drug efficacy by restructuring multidrug efflux transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and anticancer drug targets. Furthermore, the variation resulted in resistance by regulating DNA damage repair, downstream adaptive response (apoptosis, autophagy, and oncogenic bypass signaling), cell stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, and exosomal non-coding RNA. It is highlighted that several small molecules targeting m6A regulators have shown significant potential for overcoming drug resistance in different cancer categories. Further inhibitors and activators of RNA m6A-modified proteins are expected to provide novel anticancer drugs, delivering the therapeutic potential for addressing the challenge of resistance in clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haijiao Zou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Qin Dang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Hui Xu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Long Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Huanyun Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Pediatric Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Xinwei Han
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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22
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An oncogene addiction phosphorylation signature and its derived scores inform tumor responsiveness to targeted therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:6. [PMID: 36494469 PMCID: PMC9734221 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncogene addiction provides important therapeutic opportunities for precision oncology treatment strategies. To date the cellular circuitries associated with driving oncoproteins, which eventually establish the phenotypic manifestation of oncogene addiction, remain largely unexplored. Data suggest the DNA damage response (DDR) as a central signaling network that intersects with pathways associated with deregulated addicting oncoproteins with kinase activity in cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We employed a targeted mass spectrometry approach to systematically explore alterations in 116 phosphosites related to oncogene signaling and its intersection with the DDR following inhibition of the addicting oncogene alone or in combination with irradiation in MET-, EGFR-, ALK- or BRAF (V600)-positive cancer models. An NSCLC tissue pipeline combining patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and ex vivo patient organotypic cultures has been established for treatment responsiveness assessment. RESULTS We identified an 'oncogene addiction phosphorylation signature' (OAPS) consisting of 8 protein phosphorylations (ACLY S455, IF4B S422, IF4G1 S1231, LIMA1 S490, MYCN S62, NCBP1 S22, P3C2A S259 and TERF2 S365) that are significantly suppressed upon targeted oncogene inhibition solely in addicted cell line models and patient tissues. We show that the OAPS is present in patient tissues and the OAPS-derived score strongly correlates with the ex vivo responses to targeted treatments. CONCLUSIONS We propose a score derived from OAPS as a quantitative measure to evaluate oncogene addiction of cancer cell samples. This work underlines the importance of protein phosphorylation assessment for patient stratification in precision oncology and corresponding identification of tumor subtypes sensitive to inhibition of a particular oncogene.
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23
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Creighton CJ. Clinical proteomics towards multiomics in cancer. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21827. [PMID: 36495097 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics technologies have accelerated its application to study greater and greater numbers of human tumor specimens. Over the last several years, the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, the International Cancer Proteogenome Consortium, and others have generated MS-based proteomic profiling data combined with corresponding multiomics data on thousands of human tumors to date. Proteomic data sets in the public domain can be re-examined by other researchers with different questions in mind from what the original studies explored. In this review, we examine the increasing role of proteomics in studying cancer, along with the potential for previous studies and their associated data sets to contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the clinical setting. We also explore publicly available proteomics and multi-omics data from cancer cell line models to show how such data may aid in identifying therapeutic strategies for cancer subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Atallah NM, Toss MS, Green AR, Mongan NP, Ball G, Rakha EA. Refining the definition of HER2-low class in invasive breast cancer. Histopathology 2022; 81:770-785. [PMID: 36030496 PMCID: PMC9826019 DOI: 10.1111/his.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that breast cancer (BC) patients whose tumours express HER2 protein without HER2 gene amplification (HER2-low), can benefit from antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). However, the current definition of HER2-low BC remains incomplete with low rates of concordance. This study aims to refine HER2-low definition with emphasis on distinguishing HER2 score 0 from score 1+ to identify patients who are eligible for ADC. METHODS A BC cohort (n = 363) with HER2 IHC scores 0, 1+ and 2+ (without HER2 gene amplification) and available HER2 mRNA was included. HER2 staining intensity, pattern and subcellular localisation were reassessed. Artificial neural network analysis was applied to cluster the cohort and to distinguish HER2 score 0 from 1+. Reproducibility and reliability of the refined criteria were tested. RESULTS HER2 IHC score 1+ was refined as membranous staining in invasive cells as either: (1) faint intensity in ≥ 20% of cells regardless the circumferential completeness, (2) weak complete staining in ≤ 10%, (3) weak incomplete staining in > 10% and (4) moderate incomplete staining in ≤ 10%. Based on this, 63% of the HER2-negative cases were reclassified as positive (HER2-low). The refined score showed perfect observer agreement compared to the moderate agreement in the original clinical scores. Similar results were generated when the refined score was applied on the independent BC cohorts. A proposal to refine the definition of other HER2 classes is presented. CONCLUSION This study refined the definition of HER2-low BC based on correlation with HER2 mRNA and distinguished between HER2 IHC score 1+ and score 0 tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Atallah
- Department of HistopathologySchool of Medicine, the University of Nottingham and Nottingham University, Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK,Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia UniversityMenoufiaEgypt,Division of Cancer and Stem CellsBiodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Division of Cancer and Stem CellsBiodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of NottinghamNottinghamUK,Histopathology DepartmentRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem CellsBiodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and SciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUK
| | - Graham Ball
- Division of Life SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of HistopathologySchool of Medicine, the University of Nottingham and Nottingham University, Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK,Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia UniversityMenoufiaEgypt
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25
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Addressing Drug Resistance in Cancer: A Team Medicine Approach. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195701. [PMID: 36233569 PMCID: PMC9572909 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains one of the major impediments to treating cancer. Although many patients respond well initially, resistance to therapy typically ensues. Several confounding factors appear to contribute to this challenge. Here, we first discuss some of the challenges associated with drug resistance. We then discuss how a ‘Team Medicine’ approach, involving an interdisciplinary team of basic scientists working together with clinicians, has uncovered new therapeutic strategies. These strategies, referred to as intermittent or ‘adaptive’ therapy, which are based on eco-evolutionary principles, have met with remarkable success in potentially precluding or delaying the emergence of drug resistance in several cancers. Incorporating such treatment strategies into clinical protocols could potentially enhance the precision of delivering personalized medicine to patients. Furthermore, reaching out to patients in the network of hospitals affiliated with leading academic centers could help them benefit from such innovative treatment options. Finally, lowering the dose of the drug and its frequency (because of intermittent rather than continuous therapy) can also have a significant impact on lowering the toxicity and undesirable side effects of the drugs while lowering the financial burden carried by the patient and insurance providers.
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26
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Pal S, Kaplan JP, Nguyen H, Stopka SA, Savani MR, Regan MS, Nguyen QD, Jones KL, Moreau LA, Peng J, Dipiazza MG, Perciaccante AJ, Zhu X, Hunsel BR, Liu KX, Alexandrescu S, Drissi R, Filbin MG, McBrayer SK, Agar NYR, Chowdhury D, Haas-Kogan DA. A druggable addiction to de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:957-972.e10. [PMID: 35985342 PMCID: PMC9575661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a uniformly fatal pediatric cancer driven by oncohistones that do not readily lend themselves to drug development. To identify druggable targets for DMG, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR screen that reveals a DMG selective dependency on the de novo pathway for pyrimidine biosynthesis. This metabolic vulnerability reflects an elevated rate of uridine/uracil degradation that depletes DMG cells of substrates for the alternate salvage pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. A clinical stage inhibitor of DHODH (rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway) diminishes uridine-5'-phosphate (UMP) pools, generates DNA damage, and induces apoptosis through suppression of replication forks-an "on-target" effect, as shown by uridine rescue. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectroscopy imaging demonstrates that this DHODH inhibitor (BAY2402234) accumulates in the brain at therapeutically relevant concentrations, suppresses de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in vivo, and prolongs survival of mice bearing intracranial DMG xenografts, highlighting BAY2402234 as a promising therapy against DMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jakub P Kaplan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Milan R Savani
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Kristen L Jones
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Lisa A Moreau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyu Peng
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marina G Dipiazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew J Perciaccante
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bradley R Hunsel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kevin X Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 104, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachid Drissi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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27
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Generation of genetically engineered mice for lung cancer with mutant EGFR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-derived CCL22 induces FAK addiction in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1054-1066. [PMID: 35962191 PMCID: PMC9424285 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell dependence on activated oncogenes is considered a therapeutic target, but protumorigenic microenvironment-mediated cellular addiction to specific oncogenic signaling molecules remains to be further defined. Here, we showed that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) produced an abundance of C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22), whose expression in the tumor stroma was positively associated with the level of intratumoral phospho-focal adhesion kinase (pFAK Tyr397), tumor metastasis and reduced patient survival. Functionally, CCL22-stimulated hyperactivation of FAK was correlated with increased malignant progression of cancer cells. CCL22-induced addiction to FAK was demonstrated by the persistent suppression of tumor progression upon FAK-specific inhibition. Mechanistically, we identified that diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) acted as a signaling adaptor to link the CCL22 receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and FAK and promoted CCL22-induced activation of the FAK/AKT pathway. CCL22/CCR4 signaling activated the intracellular Ca2+/phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) axis to stimulate the phosphorylation of DGKα at a tyrosine residue (Tyr335) and promoted the translocation of DGKα to the plasma membrane to assemble the DGKα/FAK signalosome, which critically contributed to regulating sensitivity to FAK inhibitors in cancer cells. The identification of TAM-driven intratumoral FAK addiction provides opportunities for utilizing the tumor-promoting microenvironment to achieve striking anticancer effects.
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29
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Cohen-Gogo S, Kanwar N, Shaikh F, Baertschiger RM, Shlien A, Malkin D, Putra J, Coblentz A, Villani A, Gupta AA, Morgenstern DA. Response to Alpelisib in an Adolescent With PIK3CA-Mutated Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200105. [PMID: 35917491 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cohen-Gogo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nisha Kanwar
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reto M Baertschiger
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Putra
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ailish Coblentz
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abha A Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel A Morgenstern
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Qin S, Li B, Ming H, Nice EC, Zou B, Huang C. Harnessing redox signaling to overcome therapeutic-resistant cancer dormancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188749. [PMID: 35716972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy occurs when cells preserve viability but stop proliferating, which is considered an important cause of tumor relapse, which may occur many years after clinical remission. Since the life cycle of dormant cancer cells is affected by both intracellular and extracellular factors, gene mutation or epigenetic regulation of tumor cells may not fully explain the mechanisms involved. Recent studies have indicated that redox signaling regulates the formation, maintenance, and reactivation of dormant cancer cells by modulating intracellular signaling pathways and the extracellular environment, which provides a molecular explanation for the life cycle of dormant tumor cells. Indeed, redox signaling regulates the onset of dormancy by balancing the intrinsic pathways, the extrinsic environment, and the response to therapy. In addition, redox signaling sustains dormancy by managing stress homeostasis, maintaining stemness and immunogenic equilibrium. However, studies on dormancy reactivation are still limited, partly explained by redox-mediated activation of lipid metabolism and the transition from the tumor microenvironment to inflammation. Encouragingly, several drug combination strategies based on redox biology are currently under clinical evaluation. Continuing to gain an in-depth understanding of redox regulation and develop specific methods targeting redox modification holds the promise to accelerate the development of strategies to treat dormant tumors and benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hui Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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31
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Ito K, Nagata K, Ohta S, Matsuda Y, Ukai T, Yasuda I, Ota A, Kobayashi R, Kabata M, Sankoda N, Maeda T, Woltjen K, Yang L, Maruyama R, Katayama R, Yamamoto T, Yamada Y. The oncogene-dependent resistance to reprogramming unveils cancer therapeutic targets. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110721. [PMID: 35476996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance to transcription factor-mediated reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells is one of the distinctive features of cancer cells. Here we dissect the profiles of reprogramming factor binding and the subsequent transcriptional response in cancer cells to reveal its underlying mechanisms. Using clear cell sarcomas (CCSs), we show that the driver oncogene EWS/ATF1 misdirects the reprogramming factors to cancer-specific enhancers and thereby impairs the transcriptional response toward pluripotency that is otherwise provoked. Sensitization to the reprogramming cue is observed in other cancer types when the corresponding oncogenic signals are pharmacologically inhibited. Exploiting this oncogene dependence of the transcriptional "stiffness," we identify mTOR signaling pathways downstream of EWS/ATF1 and discover that inhibiting mTOR activity substantially attenuates the propagation of CCS cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the early transcriptional response to cell fate perturbations can be a faithful readout to identify effective therapeutics targets in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ito
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagata
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sho Ohta
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Ukai
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akira Ota
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mio Kabata
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nao Sankoda
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maeda
- Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Liying Yang
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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32
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Pramanik S, Chen Y, Song H, Khutsishvili I, Marky LA, Ray S, Natarajan A, Singh P, Bhakat K. The human AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a DNA G-quadruplex structure binding protein and regulates KRAS expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3394-3412. [PMID: 35286386 PMCID: PMC8990529 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most aggressive types of cancer, is characterized by aberrant activity of oncogenic KRAS. A nuclease-hypersensitive GC-rich region in KRAS promoter can fold into a four-stranded DNA secondary structure called G-quadruplex (G4), known to regulate KRAS expression. However, the factors that regulate stable G4 formation in the genome and KRAS expression in PDAC are largely unknown. Here, we show that APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1), a multifunctional DNA repair enzyme, is a G4-binding protein, and loss of APE1 abrogates the formation of stable G4 structures in cells. Recombinant APE1 binds to KRAS promoter G4 structure with high affinity and promotes G4 folding in vitro. Knockdown of APE1 reduces MAZ transcription factor loading onto the KRAS promoter, thus reducing KRAS expression in PDAC cells. Moreover, downregulation of APE1 sensitizes PDAC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that PDAC patients' tissue samples have elevated levels of both APE1 and G4 DNA. Our findings unravel a critical role of APE1 in regulating stable G4 formation and KRAS expression in PDAC and highlight G4 structures as genomic features with potential application as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Pramanik
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yingling Chen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heyu Song
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Irine Khutsishvili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Luis A Marky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kishor K Bhakat
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Targeting oncogene and non-oncogene addiction to inflame the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:440-462. [PMID: 35292771 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the clinical management of multiple tumours. However, only a few patients respond to ICIs, which has generated considerable interest in the identification of resistance mechanisms. One such mechanism reflects the ability of various oncogenic pathways, as well as stress response pathways required for the survival of transformed cells (a situation commonly referred to as 'non-oncogene addiction'), to support tumour progression not only by providing malignant cells with survival and/or proliferation advantages, but also by establishing immunologically 'cold' tumour microenvironments (TMEs). Thus, both oncogene and non-oncogene addiction stand out as promising targets to robustly inflame the TME and potentially enable superior responses to ICIs.
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Fernandes AO, Barros GS, Batista MVA. Metatranscriptomics Analysis Reveals Diverse Viral RNA in Cutaneous Papillomatous Lesions of Cattle. Evol Bioinform Online 2022; 18:11769343221083960. [PMID: 35633934 PMCID: PMC9133864 DOI: 10.1177/11769343221083960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is associated with bovine papillomatosis, a disease that forms benign warts in epithelial tissues, as well as malignant lesions. Previous studies have detected a co-infection between BPV and other viruses, making it likely that these co-infections could influence disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and annotate viral genes in cutaneous papillomatous lesions of cattle. Sequences were obtained from the GEO database, and an RNA-seq computational pipeline was used to analyze 3 libraries from bovine papillomatous lesions. In total, 25 viral families were identified, including Poxviridae, Retroviridae, and Herpesviridae. All libraries shared similarities in the viruses and genes found. The viral genes shared similarities with BPV genes, especially for functions as virion entry pathway, malignant progression by apoptosis suppression and immune system control. Therefore, this study presents relevant data extending the current knowledge regarding the viral microbiome in BPV lesions and how other viruses could affect this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana O Fernandes
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Gerlane S Barros
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcus VA Batista
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Nieto-Jiménez C, Morafraile EC, Alonso-Moreno C, Ocaña A. Clinical considerations for the design of PROTACs in cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:67. [PMID: 35249548 PMCID: PMC8900451 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of targeted proteins using proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has gained momentum. A PROTAC is a bifunctional molecule that consists of three parts: a ligand that interacts with the protein to be degraded, another ligand that binds to an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a linker that connects both. Identification of the right proteins as targets to be degraded and a ligase that is highly expressed in tumors compare with normal tissue is mandatory, as can augment efficacy reducing toxicity. In this article we review the current development stage of PROTACs in cancer to categorize the best PROTAC construction. Targets including BCL2, CDK4 and MCL1 were highly expressed in all tumors; MCL1 was significantly increased in breast cancer and lung adenocarcinoma and CDK4 in colon adenocarcinoma. Degradation of CDK9, AURKA or PLK1, followed by BCL2, MCL1, PTPN11, BRD4, PTK2, showed a high dependency. Most ligases evaluated were not highly present in tumors except for MDM2 in breast, lung, prostate and gastric cancer. In non-transformed tissue MDM2 was the most abundant ligase, followed by cIAP and CRBN, and those with low expression included XIAP and VHL. MDM2 ligase coupled with inhibitors of the targets BCL2, BRD4, CDK9, PLK1 and MCL1 in stomach tumor, and MDM2 with PIK3C3 inhibitors in breast cancer, seems to be the best therapeutic strategy. Our results suggest potential options for the design of PROTACS in specific medical indications.
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Ambrosini-Spaltro A, Farnedi A, Calistri D, Rengucci C, Prisinzano G, Chiadini E, Capelli L, Angeli D, Bennati C, Valli M, De Luca G, Caruso D, Ulivi P, Rossi G. The role of next-generation sequencing in detecting gene FUSIONS with KNOWN and UNKNOWN partners: A single-center experience with methodologies' integration. Hum Pathol 2022; 123:20-30. [PMID: 35181377 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming a new gold standard for determining molecular predictive biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of NGS in detecting gene fusions, focusing on comparing gene fusions with known and unknown partners. METHODS We collected all gene fusions from a consecutive case series using an amplicon-based DNA/RNA NGS platform and subdivided them into two groups: gene fusions with known partners and gene fusions with unknown partners. Gene fusions involving ALK, ROS1 and RET were also examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS Overall, 1174 malignancies underwent NGS analysis. NGS detected gene fusions in 67 cases (5.7%), further subdivided into 43 (64.2%) with known partners and 24 (35.8%) with unknown partners. Gene fusions were predominantly found in non-small cell lung carcinomas (52/67, 77.6%). Gene fusions with known partners frequently involved ALK (20/43, 46.5%) and MET (9/43, 20.9%), while gene fusions with unknown partners mostly involved RET (18/24, 75.0%). FISH/IHC confirmed rearrangement status in most (89.3%) of the gene fusions with known partners, but in only one (4.8%) of the gene fusions with unknown partners, with a significant difference (p<0.001). In 17 patients undergoing targeted therapy, the log-rank test revealed that the overall survival was higher in the known partner group than in the unknown partner group (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS NGS is a reliable method for detecting gene fusions with known partners, but it is less accurate in identifying gene fusions with unknown partners, for which further analyses (such as FISH) are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Farnedi
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Rengucci
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanna Prisinzano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elisa Chiadini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Capelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Davide Angeli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Bennati
- Oncology Unit, Santa Maria Delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Mirca Valli
- Pathology Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | | | - Dora Caruso
- Pathology Unit, Santa Maria Delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
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Wu CC, Wang YH, Hu SW, Wu WL, Yeh CT, Bamodu OA. MED10 Drives the Oncogenicity and Refractory Phenotype of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Through the Upregulation of hsa-miR-590. Front Oncol 2022; 11:744937. [PMID: 35096564 PMCID: PMC8792749 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunctional transcription machinery with associated dysregulated transcription characterizes many malignancies. Components of the mediator complex, a principal modulator of transcription, are increasingly implicated in cancer. The mediator complex subunit 10 (MED10), a vital kinase module of the mediator, plays a critical role in bladder physiology and pathology. However, its role in the oncogenicity, metastasis, and disease recurrence in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains unclear. Objective Thus, we investigated the role of dysregulated or aberrantly expressed MED10 in the enhanced onco-aggression, disease progression, and recurrence of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Using an array of multi-omics big data analyses of clinicopathological data, in vitro expression profiling and functional assays, and immunocytochemical staining, we assessed the probable roles of MED10 in the progression and prognosis of BLCA/UC. Results Our bioinformatics-aided gene expression profiling showed that MED10 is aberrantly expressed in patients with BLCA, is associated with high-grade disease, is positively correlated with tumor stage, and confers significant survival disadvantage. Reanalyzing the TCGA BLCA cohort (n = 454), we showed that aberrantly expressed MED10 expression is associated with metastatic and recurrent disease, disease progression, immune suppression, and therapy failure. Interestingly, we demonstrated that MED10 interacts with and is co-expressed with the microRNA, hsa-miR-590, and that CRISPR-mediated knockout of MED10 elicits the downregulation of miR-590 preferentially in metastatic UC cells, compared to their primary tumor peers. More so, silencing MED10 in SW1738 and JMSU1 UC cell lines significantly attenuates their cell proliferation, migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and tumorsphere formation (primary and secondary), with the associated downregulation of BCL-xL, MKI67, VIM, SNAI1, OCT4, and LIN28A but upregulated BAX protein expression. In addition, we showed that high MED10 expression is a non-inferior biomarker of urothelial recurrence compared with markers of cancer stemness; however, MED10 is a better biomarker of local recurrence than any of the stemness markers. Conclusion These data provide preclinical evidence that dysregulated MED10/MIR590 signaling drives onco-aggression, disease progression, and recurrence of bladder UC and that this oncogenic signal is therapeutically actionable for repressing the metastatic/recurrent phenotypes, enhancing therapy response, and shutting down stemness-driven disease progression and relapse in patients with BLCA/UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Wei Hu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Wu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Zachariah NN, Basu A, Gautam N, Ramamoorthi G, Kodumudi KN, Kumar NB, Loftus L, Czerniecki BJ. Intercepting Premalignant, Preinvasive Breast Lesions Through Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786286. [PMID: 34899753 PMCID: PMC8652247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prevention remains the ultimate cost-effective method to reduce the global burden of invasive breast cancer (IBC). To date, surgery and chemoprevention remain the main risk-reducing modalities for those with hereditary cancer syndromes, as well as high-risk non-hereditary breast lesions such as ADH, ALH, or LCIS. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a preinvasive malignant lesion of the breast that closely mirrors IBC and, if left untreated, develops into IBC in up to 50% of lesions. Certain high-risk patients with DCIS may have a 25% risk of developing recurrent DCIS or IBC, even after surgical resection. The development of breast cancer elicits a strong immune response, which brings to prominence the numerous advantages associated with immune-based cancer prevention over drug-based chemoprevention, supported by the success of dendritic cell vaccines targeting HER2-expressing BC. Vaccination against BC to prevent or interrupt the process of BC development remains elusive but is a viable option. Vaccination to intercept preinvasive or premalignant breast conditions may be possible by interrupting the expression pattern of various oncodrivers. Growth factors may also function as potential immune targets to prevent breast cancer progression. Furthermore, neoantigens also serve as effective targets for interception by virtue of strong immunogenicity. It is noteworthy that the immune response also needs to be strong enough to result in target lesion elimination to avoid immunoediting as it may occur in IBC arising from DCIS. Overall, if the issue of vaccine targets can be solved by interrupting premalignant lesions, there is a potential to prevent the development of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Namrata Gautam
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ganesan Ramamoorthi
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Krithika N Kodumudi
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Clinical Science Division, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Loretta Loftus
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Department of Breast Surgery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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Li L, Li Q. miR-543 impairs breast cancer cell phenotypes by targeting and suppressing ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T). Bioengineered 2021; 12:12394-12406. [PMID: 34787051 PMCID: PMC8810138 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, with high morbidity worldwide, is a threat to the life of women. MiR-543 was identified as playing an active part in the development of breast cancer involving multiple molecules. The goal of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of the involvement of miR-543 in the development of breast cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blotting was used to detect mRNA or protein expression. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and the 5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (BrdU), wound healing, and Transwell assays were the main experimental procedures. Furthermore, subcutaneous tumor formation experiments were conducted to detect the function of miR-543 in breast cancer development in vivo. The match of miR-543 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) was detected through a dual-luciferase reporter experiment and RNA pull-down assay. Based on these results, miR-543 exhibited reduced expression in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, whereas UBE2T exhibited high levels. Furthermore, miR-543 directly targeted UBE2T, and a negative correlation between miR-543 and UBE2T was also observed in breast cancer tissues. Moreover, miR-543 overexpression led to inhibition of viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer. Furthermore, miR-543 overexpression undermined the UBE2T promotional effect by inhibiting ERK/MAPK pathway activity in breast cancer cells. Our study revealed that miR-543 impaired breast cancer progression by targeting UBE2T and downregulating UBE2T expression through the ERK/MAPK pathway, which suggested that miR-543 and UBE2T might serve as promising therapeutic gene targets for breast cancer in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
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Chen L, Zeng H, Xiang Y, Huang Y, Luo Y, Ma X. Histopathological Images and Multi-Omics Integration Predict Molecular Characteristics and Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720110. [PMID: 34708036 PMCID: PMC8542778 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histopathological images and omics profiles play important roles in prognosis of cancer patients. Here, we extracted quantitative features from histopathological images to predict molecular characteristics and prognosis, and integrated image features with mutations, transcriptomics, and proteomics data for prognosis prediction in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were divided into training set (n = 235) and test set (n = 235). We developed machine learning models in training set and estimated their predictive performance in test set. In test set, the machine learning models could predict genetic aberrations: ALK (AUC = 0.879), BRAF (AUC = 0.847), EGFR (AUC = 0.855), ROS1 (AUC = 0.848), and transcriptional subtypes: proximal-inflammatory (AUC = 0.897), proximal-proliferative (AUC = 0.861), and terminal respiratory unit (AUC = 0.894) from histopathological images. Moreover, we obtained tissue microarrays from 316 LUAD patients, including four external validation sets. The prognostic model using image features was predictive of overall survival in test and four validation sets, with 5-year AUCs from 0.717 to 0.825. High-risk and low-risk groups stratified by the model showed different survival in test set (HR = 4.94, p < 0.0001) and three validation sets (HR = 1.64–2.20, p < 0.05). The combination of image features and single omics had greater prognostic power in test set, such as histopathology + transcriptomics model (5-year AUC = 0.840; HR = 7.34, p < 0.0001). Finally, the model integrating image features with multi-omics achieved the best performance (5-year AUC = 0.908; HR = 19.98, p < 0.0001). Our results indicated that the machine learning models based on histopathological image features could predict genetic aberrations, transcriptional subtypes, and survival outcomes of LUAD patients. The integration of histopathological images and multi-omics may provide better survival prediction for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeqian Huang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Luo
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang PZ, Wei W. Special issue: Targeting cellular signaling pathways for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:1-3. [PMID: 34487833 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhiwei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Cyclin-dependent kinases-based synthetic lethality: Evidence, concept, and strategy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2738-2748. [PMID: 34589394 PMCID: PMC8463275 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a proven effective antitumor strategy that has attracted great attention. Large-scale screening has revealed many synthetic lethal genetic phenotypes, and relevant small-molecule drugs have also been implemented in clinical practice. Increasing evidence suggests that CDKs, constituting a kinase family predominantly involved in cell cycle control, are synthetic lethal factors when combined with certain oncogenes, such as MYC, TP53, and RAS, which facilitate numerous antitumor treatment options based on CDK-related synthetic lethality. In this review, we focus on the synthetic lethal phenotype and mechanism related to CDKs and summarize the preclinical and clinical discoveries of CDK inhibitors to explore the prospect of CDK inhibitors as antitumor compounds for strategic synthesis lethality in the future.
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Cinobufagin-induced DNA damage response activates G 2/M checkpoint and apoptosis to cause selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:446. [PMID: 34425836 PMCID: PMC8381584 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Processed extracts from toad skin and parotoid gland have long been used to treat various illnesses including cancer in many Asian countries. Recent studies have uncovered a family of bufadienolides as the responsible pharmacological compounds, and the two major molecules, cinobufagin and bufalin, have been shown to possess robust antitumor activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry, and DNA damage was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and the alkaline comet assay. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT as well as colony formation assays, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, apoptosis was further characterized by TUNEL and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Results Here we showed that sublethal doses of cinobufagin suppressed the viability of many cancer but not noncancerous cell lines. This tumor-selective cytotoxicity was preceded by a rapid, cancer-specific increase in cellular ROS and was significantly reduced by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indicating oxidative stress as the primary source of cinobufagin-induced cancer cell toxicity. Sublethal cinobufagin-induced ROS overload resulted in oxidative DNA damage and intense replication stress in cancer cells, leading to strong DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Subsequent phosphorylation of CDC25C and stabilization of p53 downstream of DDR resulted in activation of the G2/M checkpoint followed by induction of apoptosis. These data indicate that cinobufagin suppresses cancer cell viability via DDR-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis. Conclusion As elevated oxidative pressure is shared by most cancer cells that renders them sensitive to further oxidative insult, these studies suggest that nontoxic doses of cinobufagin can be used to exploit a cancer vulnerability for induction of cancer-specific cytotoxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary materials available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02150-0.
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Kashima Y, Shibahara D, Suzuki A, Muto K, Kobayashi IS, Plotnick D, Udagawa H, Izumi H, Shibata Y, Tanaka K, Fujii M, Ohashi A, Seki M, Goto K, Tsuchihara K, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi SS. Single-cell analyses reveal diverse mechanisms of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4835-4848. [PMID: 34247147 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity underlies resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in lung cancers harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Previous evidence suggested that subsets of preexisting resistant cells are selected by EGFR-TKI treatment, or alternatively, that diverse acquired resistance mechanisms emerge from drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells. Many studies have used bulk tumor specimens or subcloned resistant cell lines to identify resistance mechanism. However, intratumoral heterogeneity can result in divergent responses to therapies, requiring additional approaches to reveal the complete spectrum of resistance mechanisms. Using EGFR-TKI-resistant cell models and clinical specimens, we performed single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell ATAC-seq analyses to define the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of parental cells, DTPs, and tumor cells in a fully resistant state. In addition to AURKA, VIM, and AXL, which are all known to induce EGFR-TKI resistance, CD74 was identified as a novel gene that plays a critical role in the drug-tolerant state. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CD74 upregulation confers resistance to the EGFR-TKI osimertinib and blocks apoptosis, enabling tumor regrowth. Overall, this study provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Kashima
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibahara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Muto
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ikei S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Plotnick
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Izumi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yuji Shibata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujii
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohashi
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Addiction to Golgi-resident PI4P synthesis in chromosome 1q21.3-amplified lung adenocarcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023537118. [PMID: 34155143 PMCID: PMC8237628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023537118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A chromosome 1q21.3 region that is frequently amplified in diverse cancer types encodes phosphatidylinositol (PI)-4 kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ), a key regulator of secretory vesicle biogenesis and trafficking. Chromosome 1q21.3-amplified lung adenocarcinoma (1q-LUAD) cells rely on PI4KIIIβ for Golgi-resident PI-4-phosphate (PI4P) synthesis, prosurvival effector protein secretion, and cell viability. Here, we show that 1q-LUAD cells subjected to prolonged PI4KIIIβ antagonist treatment acquire tolerance by activating an miR-218-5p-dependent competing endogenous RNA network that up-regulates PI4KIIα, which provides an alternative source of Golgi-resident PI4P that maintains prosurvival effector protein secretion and cell viability. These findings demonstrate an addiction to Golgi-resident PI4P synthesis in a genetically defined subset of cancers.
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46
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Khatibi S, Sahebkar A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. CRISPR Genome Editing Technology and its Application in Genetic Diseases: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:468-479. [PMID: 32564746 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200621161610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been a long lasting goal for scientists, and there are many optimal methods and tools to correct disease-causing mutations in humans. Recently, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology has been progressively adopted for the assessment a treatment of human diseases, including thalassemia, Parkinson's disease, cystic fibrosis, glaucoma, Huntington's disease, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). CRISPR sequences belong to the bacterial immune system, which includes the nuclease Cas enzyme and an RNA sequence. The RNA sequence is unique and pathogen-specific, and identifies and binds to the DNA of invasive viruses, allowing the nuclease Cas enzyme to cut the identified DNA and destroy the invasive viruses. This feature provides the possibility to edit mutations in the DNA sequence of live cells by replacing a specific targeted RNA sequence with the RNA sequence in the CRISPR system. Previous studies have reported the improvement steps in confrontation with human diseases caused by single-nucleotide mutations using this system. In this review, we first introduce CRISPR and its functions and then elaborate on the use of CRISPR in the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khatibi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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47
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van Harten AM, Brakenhoff RH. Targeted Treatment of Head and Neck (Pre)Cancer: Preclinical Target Identification and Development of Novel Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2774. [PMID: 34204886 PMCID: PMC8199752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) develop in the mucosal lining of the upper-aerodigestive tract. In carcinogen-induced HNSCC, tumors emerge from premalignant mucosal changes characterized by tumor-associated genetic alterations, also coined as 'fields' that are occasionally visible as leukoplakia or erythroplakia lesions but are mostly invisible. Consequently, HNSCC is generally diagnosed de novo at more advanced stages in about 70% of new diagnosis. Despite intense multimodality treatment protocols, the overall 5-years survival rate is 50-60% for patients with advanced stage of disease and seems to have reached a plateau. Of notable concern is the lack of further improvement in prognosis despite advances in treatment. This can be attributed to the late clinical presentation, failure of advanced HNSCC to respond to treatment, the deficit of effective targeted therapies to eradicate tumors and precancerous changes, and the lack of suitable markers for screening and personalized therapy. The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer has been elucidated in great detail, but the absence of oncogenic mutations hampers the identification of druggable targets for therapy to improve outcome of HNSCC. Currently, functional genomic approaches are being explored to identify potential therapeutic targets. Identification and validation of essential genes for both HNSCC and oral premalignancies, accompanied with biomarkers for therapy response, are being investigated. Attentive diagnosis and targeted therapy of the preceding oral premalignant (preHNSCC) changes may prevent the development of tumors. As classic oncogene addiction through activating mutations is not a realistic concept for treatment of HNSCC, synthetic lethality and collateral lethality need to be exploited, next to immune therapies. In recent studies it was shown that cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response pathways become significantly altered in HNSCC causing replication stress, which is an avenue that deserves further exploitation as an HNSCC vulnerability for treatment. The focus of this review is to summarize the current literature on the preclinical identification of potential druggable targets for therapy of (pre)HNSCC, emerging from the variety of gene knockdown and knockout strategies, and the testing of targeted inhibitors. We will conclude with a future perspective on targeted therapy of HNSCC and premalignant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. van Harten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
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48
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Porter LH, Bakshi A, Pook D, Clark A, Clouston D, Kourambas J, Goode DL, Risbridger GP, Taylor RA, Lawrence MG. Androgen receptor enhancer amplification in matched patient-derived xenografts of primary and castrate-resistant prostate cancer. J Pathol 2021; 254:121-134. [PMID: 33620092 DOI: 10.1002/path.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amplifications of the androgen receptor (AR) occur in up to 80% of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent studies highlighted that these amplifications not only span the AR gene but usually encompass a distal enhancer. This represents a newly recognised, non-coding mechanism of resistance to AR-directed therapies, including enzalutamide. To study disease progression before and after AR amplification, we used tumour samples from a castrate-sensitive primary tumour and castrate-resistant metastasis of the same patient. For subsequent functional and genomic studies, we established serially transplantable patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Whole genome sequencing showed that alterations associated with poor prognosis, such as TP53 and PTEN loss, existed before androgen deprivation therapy, followed by co-amplification of the AR gene and enhancer after the development of metastatic CRPC. The PDX of the primary tumour, without the AR amplification, was sensitive to AR-directed treatments, including castration, enzalutamide, and apalutamide. The PDX of the metastasis, with the AR amplification, had higher AR and AR-V7 expression in castrate conditions, and was resistant to castration, apalutamide, and enzalutamide in vivo. Treatment with a BET inhibitor outperformed the AR-directed therapies for the metastasis, resulting in tumour regression for some, but not all, grafts. Therefore, this study provides novel matched PDXs to test potential treatments that target the overabundance of AR in tumours with AR enhancer amplifications. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Porter
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashlee Clark
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - John Kourambas
- Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, VIC, Australia
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- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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49
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Whillock AL, Ybarra TK, Bishop GA. TNF receptor-associated factor 3 restrains B-cell receptor signaling in normal and malignant B cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100465. [PMID: 33639170 PMCID: PMC8042179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF3 has diverse signaling functions, which vary by cell type. Uniquely in B lymphocytes, TRAF3 inhibits homeostatic survival. Highlighting the role of TRAF3 as a tumor suppressor, loss-of-function TRAF3 mutations are associated with human B-cell malignancies, while B-cell-specific deletion of TRAF3 in mice leads to autoimmunity and lymphoma development. The role of TRAF3 in inhibiting noncanonical NF-κB activation, CD40 and BAFF-R signaling to B cells is well documented. In contrast, TRAF3 enhances many T-cell effector functions, through associating with and enhancing signaling by the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD28 complex. The present study was designed to determine the role of TRAF3 in signaling via the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). The BCR is crucial for antigen recognition, survival, proliferation, and antibody production, and defects in BCR signaling can promote abnormal survival of malignant B cells. Here, we show that TRAF3 is associated with both CD79B and the BCR-activated kinases Syk and Btk following BCR stimulation. BCR-induced phosphorylation of Syk and additional downstream kinases was increased in TRAF3−/− B cells, with regulation observed in both follicular and marginal zone B-cell subsets. BCR stimulation of TRAF3−/− B cells resulted in increased surface expression of MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 molecules. Interestingly, increased survival of TRAF3−/− primary B cells was resistant to inhibition of Btk, while TRAF3-deficient malignant B-cell lines showed enhanced sensitivity. TRAF3 serves to restrain normal and malignant BCR signaling, with important implications for its role in normal B-cell biology and abnormal survival of malignant B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Whillock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tiffany K Ybarra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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50
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Huang M, Zhou Y, Duan D, Yang C, Zhou Z, Li F, Kong Y, Hsieh YC, Zhang R, Ding W, Xiao W, Puno P, Chen C. Targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbcH5b by a triterpenoid PC3-15 from Schisandra plants sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to lapatinib. Cancer Lett 2021; 504:125-136. [PMID: 33607208 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggested that a number of ubiquitin enzymes, including ubiquitin-activating enzymes, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitination enzymes contribute to therapeutic resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Inhibition of these enzymes with small molecule inhibitors may restore therapeutic sensitivity. Here, we demonstrated ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbcH5b strongly supports HECTD3 auto-ubiquitination in vitro. Based on this, we developed a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assay and identified three Schisandraceae triterpenoids, including PC3-15, to block HECTD3/UbcH5b auto-ubiquitination. Furthermore, we revealed that PC3-15 directly binds to UbcH5b and also inhibits UbcH5b-mediated p62 ubiquitination. We found that the UbcH5b-p62 axis confers TNBC cells resistance to lapatinib by promoting autophagy. Consistently, PC3-15 inhibits lapatinib-induced autophagy and increases lapatinib sensitivity in TNBC in vitro and in mouse xenografts. These findings suggest that the UbcH5b-p62 axis provides potential therapeutic targets and that Schisandraceae triterpenoids may be used for TNBC treatment in combination with lapatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fubing Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Yanjie Kong
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yi-Ching Hsieh
- The Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - PemaTenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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