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Okahata M, Sawada N, Nakao K, Ohta A, Kuhara A. Screening for cold tolerance genes in C. elegans, whose expressions are affected by anticancer drugs camptothecin and leptomycin B. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5401. [PMID: 38443452 PMCID: PMC10914781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a vital environmental factor affecting organisms' survival as they determine the mechanisms to tolerate rapid temperature changes. We demonstrate an experimental system for screening chemicals that affect cold tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. The anticancer drugs leptomycin B and camptothecin were among the 4000 chemicals that were screened as those affecting cold tolerance. Genes whose expression was affected by leptomycin B or camptothecin under cold stimuli were investigated by transcriptome analysis. Abnormal cold tolerance was detected in several mutants possessing genes that were rendered defective and whose expression altered after exposure to either leptomycin B or camptothecin. The genetic epistasis analysis revealed that leptomycin B or camptothecin may increase cold tolerance by affecting a pathway upstream of the insulin receptor DAF-2 that regulates cold tolerance in the intestine. Our experimental system combining drug and cold tolerance could be used for a comprehensive screening of genes that control cold tolerance at a low cost and in a short time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Okahata
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sawada
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakao
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Akane Ohta
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kuhara
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
- PRIME, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Ivessa AS, Singh S. The increase in cell death rates in caloric restricted cells of the yeast helicase mutant rrm3 is Sir complex dependent. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17832. [PMID: 37857740 PMCID: PMC10587150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), which is a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, usually extends lifespan and improves tissue integrity. This report focuses on the relationship between nuclear genomic instability and dietary-restriction and its effect on cell survival. We demonstrate that the cell survival rates of the genomic instability yeast mutant rrm3 change under metabolic restricted conditions. Rrm3 is a DNA helicase, chromosomal replication slows (and potentially stalls) in its absence with increased rates at over 1400 natural pause sites including sites within ribosomal DNA and tRNA genes. Whereas rrm3 mutant cells have lower cell death rates compared to wild type (WT) in growth medium containing normal glucose levels (i.e., 2%), under CR growth conditions cell death rates increase in the rrm3 mutant to levels, which are higher than WT. The silent-information-regulatory (Sir) protein complex and mitochondrial oxidative stress are required for the increase in cell death rates in the rrm3 mutant when cells are transferred from growth medium containing 2% glucose to CR-medium. The Rad53 checkpoint protein is highly phosphorylated in the rrm3 mutant in response to genomic instability in growth medium containing 2% glucose. Under CR, Rad53 phosphorylation is largely reduced in the rrm3 mutant in a Sir-complex dependent manner. Since CR is an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy, which may target genomic instability in cancer cells, our studies may gain further insight into how these therapy strategies can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Ivessa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA.
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA
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3
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Melim C, Magalhães M, Santos AC, Campos EJ, Cabral C. Nanoparticles as phytochemical carriers for cancer treatment: News of the last decade. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:179-197. [PMID: 35166619 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2041599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development and application of novel therapeutic medicines for the treatment of cancer are of vital importance to improve the disease's outcome and survival rate. One noteworthy treatment approach is the use of biologically active compounds present in natural products. Even though these phytocompounds present anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, their use is limited essentially due to poor systemic delivery, low bioavailability, and water solubility concerns. To make full use of the anticancer potential of natural products, these limitations need to be technologically addressed. In this sense, nanotechnology emerges as a promising drug delivery system strategy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the benefits and potential of nanodelivery systems for natural products encapsulation as promising therapeutic approaches for cancer, which were developed during the last decade, are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION The nanotechnology area has been under extensive research in the medical field given its capacity for improving the therapeutic potential of drugs by increasing their bioavailability and allowing a targeted delivery to the tumor site. Thereby, the nanoencapsulation of phytocompounds can have a direct impact on the recognized therapeutic activity of natural products towards cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Melim
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Magalhães
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisa Julião Campos
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Cabral
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Kato T, Azegami J, Kano M, El Enshasy HA, Park EY. Effects of sirtuins on the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7813-7823. [PMID: 34559286 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on sirtuins, which catalyze the reaction of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, for riboflavin production in A. gossypii. Nicotinamide, a known inhibitor of sirtuin, made the color of A. gossypii colonies appear a deeper yellow at 5 mM. A. gossypii has 4 sirtuin genes (AgHST1, AgHST2, AgHST3, AgHST4) and these were disrupted to investigate the role of sirtuins in riboflavin production in A. gossypii. AgHST1∆, AgHST3∆, and AgHST4∆ strains were obtained, but AgHST2∆ was not. The AgHST1∆ and AgHST3∆ strains produced approximately 4.3- and 2.9-fold higher amounts of riboflavin than the WT strain. The AgHST3∆ strain showed a lower human sirtuin 6 (SIRT6)-like activity than the WT strain and only in the AgHST3∆ strain was a higher amount of acetylation of histone H3 K9 and K56 (H3K9ac and H3K56ac) observed compared to the WT strain. These results indicate that AgHst3 is SIRT6-like sirtuin in A. gossypii and the activity has an influence on the riboflavin production in A. gossypii. In the presence of 5 mM hydroxyurea and 50 µM camptothecin, which causes DNA damage, especially double-strand DNA breaks, the color of the WT strain colonies turned a deeper yellow. Additionally, hydroxyurea significantly led to the production of approximately 1.5 higher amounts of riboflavin and camptothecin also enhanced the riboflavin production even through the significant difference was not detected. Camptothecin tended to increase the amount of H3K56ac, but the amount of H3K56ac was not increased by hydroxyurea treatment. This study revealed that AgHst1 and AgHst3 are involved in the riboflavin production in A. gossypii through NAD metabolism and the acetylation of H3, respectively. This new finding is a step toward clarifying the role of sirtuins in riboflavin over-production by A. gossypii.Key points• Nicotinamide enhanced the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii.• Disruption of AgHST1 or AgHST3 gene also enhanced the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii.• Acetylation of H3K56 led to the enhancement of the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Junya Azegami
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mai Kano
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hesham A El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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5
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Corda Y, Maestroni L, Luciano P, Najem MY, Géli V. Genome stability is guarded by yeast Rtt105 through multiple mechanisms. Genetics 2021; 217:6126811. [PMID: 33724421 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ty1 mobile DNA element is the most abundant and mutagenic retrotransposon present in the genome of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein regulator of Ty1 transposition 105 (Rtt105) associates with large subunit of RPA and facilitates its loading onto a single-stranded DNA at replication forks. Here, we dissect the role of RTT105 in the maintenance of genome stability under normal conditions and upon various replication stresses through multiple genetic analyses. RTT105 is essential for viability in cells experiencing replication problems and in cells lacking functional S-phase checkpoints and DNA repair pathways involving homologous recombination. Our genetic analyses also indicate that RTT105 is crucial when cohesion is affected and is required for the establishment of normal heterochromatic structures. Moreover, RTT105 plays a role in telomere maintenance as its function is important for the telomere elongation phenotype resulting from the Est1 tethering to telomeres. Genetic analyses indicate that rtt105Δ affects the growth of several rfa1 mutants but does not aggravate their telomere length defects. Analysis of the phenotypes of rtt105Δ cells expressing NLS-Rfa1 fusion protein reveals that RTT105 safeguards genome stability through its role in RPA nuclear import but also by directly affecting RPA function in genome stability maintenance during replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Corda
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Maestroni
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Luciano
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Maria Y Najem
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Géli
- CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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6
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Pardo B, Moriel‐Carretero M, Vicat T, Aguilera A, Pasero P. Homologous recombination and Mus81 promote replication completion in response to replication fork blockage. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49367. [PMID: 32419301 PMCID: PMC7332989 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impediments to DNA replication threaten genome stability. The homologous recombination (HR) pathway has been involved in the restart of blocked replication forks. Here, we used a method to increase yeast cell permeability in order to study at the molecular level the fate of replication forks blocked by DNA topoisomerase I poisoning by camptothecin (CPT). Our results indicate that Rad52 and Rad51 HR factors are required to complete DNA replication in response to CPT. Recombination events occurring during S phase do not generally lead to the restart of DNA synthesis but rather protect blocked forks until they merge with convergent forks. This fusion generates structures requiring their resolution by the Mus81 endonuclease in G2 /M. At the global genome level, the multiplicity of replication origins in eukaryotic genomes and the fork protection mechanism provided by HR appear therefore to be essential to complete DNA replication in response to fork blockage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pardo
- Institut de Génétique HumaineUniversité de Montpellier‐CNRSMontpellierFrance
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilleSpain
| | - María Moriel‐Carretero
- Institut de Génétique HumaineUniversité de Montpellier‐CNRSMontpellierFrance
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilleSpain
- Present address:
Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de MontpellierUniversité de Montpellier‐CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Thibaud Vicat
- Institut de Génétique HumaineUniversité de Montpellier‐CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilleSpain
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institut de Génétique HumaineUniversité de Montpellier‐CNRSMontpellierFrance
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7
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Sir2 mitigates an intrinsic imbalance in origin licensing efficiency between early- and late-replicating euchromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14314-14321. [PMID: 32513739 PMCID: PMC7322022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004664117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A eukaryotic chromosome relies on the function of multiple spatially distributed DNA replication origins for its stable inheritance. The spatial location of an origin is determined by the chromosomal position of an MCM complex, the inactive form of the DNA replicative helicase that is assembled onto DNA in G1-phase (also known as origin licensing). While the biochemistry of origin licensing is understood, the mechanisms that promote an adequate spatial distribution of MCM complexes across chromosomes are not. We have elucidated a role for the Sir2 histone deacetylase in establishing the normal distribution of MCM complexes across Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes. In the absence of Sir2, MCM complexes accumulated within both early-replicating euchromatin and telomeric heterochromatin, and replication activity within these regions was enhanced. Concomitantly, the duplication of several regions of late-replicating euchromatin were delayed. Thus, Sir2-mediated attenuation of origin licensing within both euchromatin and telomeric heterochromatin established the normal spatial distribution of origins across yeast chromosomes important for normal genome duplication.
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Liu J, Geng G, Liang G, Wang L, Luo K, Yuan J, Zhao S. A novel topoisomerase I inhibitor DIA-001 induces DNA damage mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cell. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:89. [PMID: 32175382 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background DNA topoisomerase enzyme plays an essential role in controlling the DNA topology structure by binding to DNA and cutting the phosphate backbone of either one or both of the DNA strands. Here, we have identified a small molecule inhibitor, DIA-001, that directly binds to Topoisomerase 1 (Topo I) and promotes the Topo I-DNA adducts. Methods In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of DIA-001 using MTS assay and colony formation. We examined cell cycle of tumor cells with DIA-001 treatment in vitro by flow cytometry. And we investigated DNA damage and cell cycle marker protein after treatment with DIA-001 at different concentration and time point by western blot. Immunofluorescence was performance to detect the nuclear foci. The effects of DIA-001 on Topo I and Topo II activities were examined by DNA relaxation assays. Results We demonstrate that DIA-001 inhibit DNA replication and arrest cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase by directly binds to Topo I and promotes the Topo I-DNA adducts. In addition, DIA-001 can activate the DNA damage response signaling cascade, resulting in apoptosis in treated cells. Conclusions Our findings show a novel compound for treatment of cancer cells with the potential as a chemotherapy candidate that is less toxic to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guohe Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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9
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Ahmed SM, Ramani PD, Wong SQR, Zhao X, Ivanyi-Nagy R, Leong TC, Chua C, Li Z, Hentze H, Tan IB, Yan J, DasGupta R, Dröge P. The chromatin structuring protein HMGA2 influences human subtelomere stability and cancer chemosensitivity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215696. [PMID: 31067275 PMCID: PMC6505889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient build-up of DNA supercoiling during the translocation of replication forks threatens genome stability and is controlled by DNA topoisomerases (TOPs). This crucial process has been exploited with TOP poisons for cancer chemotherapy. However, pinpointing cellular determinants of the best clinical response to TOP poisons still remains enigmatic. Here, we present an integrated approach and demonstrate that endogenous and exogenous expression of the oncofetal high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) protein exhibited broad protection against the formation of hydroxyurea-induced DNA breaks in various cancer cells, thus corroborating our previously proposed model in which HMGA2 functions as a replication fork chaperone that forms a protective DNA scaffold at or close to stalled replication forks. We now further demonstrate that high levels of HMGA2 also protected cancer cells against DNA breaks triggered by the clinically important TOP1 poison irinotecan. This protection is most likely due to the recently identified DNA supercoil constraining function of HMGA2 in combination with exclusion of TOP1 from binding to supercoiled substrate DNA. In contrast, low to moderate HMGA2 protein levels surprisingly potentiated the formation of irinotecan-induced genotoxic covalent TOP1-DNA cleavage complexes. Our data from cell-based and several in vitro assays indicate that, mechanistically, this potentiating role involves enhanced drug-target interactions mediated by HMGA2 in ternary complexes with supercoiled DNA. Subtelomeric regions were found to be extraordinarily vulnerable to these genotoxic challenges induced by TOP1 poisoning, pointing at strong DNA topological barriers located at human telomeres. These findings were corroborated by an increased irinotecan sensitivity of patient-derived xenografts of colorectal cancers exhibiting low to moderate HMGA2 levels. Collectively, we uncovered a therapeutically important control mechanism of transient changes in chromosomal DNA topology that ultimately leads to enhanced human subtelomere stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Moiz Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Stephen Qi Rong Wong
- Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roland Ivanyi-Nagy
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tang Choong Leong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Clarinda Chua
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hannes Hentze
- Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Iain BeeHuat Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Peter Dröge
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Nanyang Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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10
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Noguchi C, Singh T, Ziegler MA, Peake JD, Khair L, Aza A, Nakamura TM, Noguchi E. The NuA4 acetyltransferase and histone H4 acetylation promote replication recovery after topoisomerase I-poisoning. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:24. [PMID: 30992049 PMCID: PMC6466672 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone acetylation plays an important role in DNA replication and repair because replicating chromatin is subject to dynamic changes in its structures. However, its precise mechanism remains elusive. In this report, we describe roles of the NuA4 acetyltransferase and histone H4 acetylation in replication fork protection in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. RESULTS Downregulation of NuA4 subunits renders cells highly sensitive to camptothecin, a compound that induces replication fork breakage. Defects in NuA4 function or mutations in histone H4 acetylation sites lead to impaired recovery of collapsed replication forks and elevated levels of Rad52 DNA repair foci, indicating the role of histone H4 acetylation in DNA replication and fork repair. We also show that Vid21 interacts with the Swi1-Swi3 replication fork protection complex and that Swi1 stabilizes Vid21 and promotes efficient histone H4 acetylation. Furthermore, our genetic analysis demonstrates that loss of Swi1 further sensitizes NuA4 and histone H4 mutant cells to replication fork breakage. CONCLUSION Considering that Swi1 plays a critical role in replication fork protection, our results indicate that NuA4 and histone H4 acetylation promote repair of broken DNA replication forks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Tanu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Melissa A Ziegler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jasmine D Peake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Lyne Khair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Ana Aza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Toru M Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Herzog M, Puddu F, Coates J, Geisler N, Forment JV, Jackson SP. Detection of functional protein domains by unbiased genome-wide forward genetic screening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6161. [PMID: 29670134 PMCID: PMC5906580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing genetic and chemo-genetic interactions has played key roles in elucidating mechanisms by which certain chemicals perturb cellular functions. In contrast to gene disruption/depletion strategies to identify mechanisms of drug resistance, searching for point-mutational genetic suppressors that can identify separation- or gain-of-function mutations has been limited. Here, by demonstrating its utility in identifying chemical-genetic suppressors of sensitivity to the DNA topoisomerase I poison camptothecin or the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib, we detail an approach allowing systematic, large-scale detection of spontaneous or chemically-induced suppressor mutations in yeast or haploid mammalian cells in a short timeframe, and with potential applications in other haploid systems. In addition to applications in molecular biology research, this protocol can be used to identify drug targets and predict drug-resistance mechanisms. Mapping suppressor mutations on the primary or tertiary structures of protein suppressor hits provides insights into functionally relevant protein domains. Importantly, we show that olaparib resistance is linked to missense mutations in the DNA binding regions of PARP1, but not in its catalytic domain. This provides experimental support to the concept of PARP1 trapping on DNA as the prime source of toxicity to PARP inhibitors, and points to a novel olaparib resistance mechanism with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Herzog
- The Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabio Puddu
- The Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Coates
- The Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Geisler
- The Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josep V Forment
- The Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN, Cambridge, UK.
- AstraZeneca, Oncology DNA damage response group, Hodgkin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, CB4 0WG, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- The Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN, Cambridge, UK.
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Puddu F, Salguero I, Herzog M, Geisler NJ, Costanzo V, Jackson SP. Chromatin determinants impart camptothecin sensitivity. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1000-1012. [PMID: 28389464 PMCID: PMC5452016 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin-induced locking of topoisomerase 1 on DNA generates a physical barrier to replication fork progression and creates topological stress. By allowing replisome rotation, absence of the Tof1/Csm3 complex promotes the conversion of impending topological stress to DNA catenation and causes camptothecin hypersensitivity. Through synthetic viability screening, we discovered that histone H4 K16 deacetylation drives the sensitivity of yeast cells to camptothecin and that inactivation of this pathway by mutating H4 K16 or the genes SIR1-4 suppresses much of the hypersensitivity of tof1∆ strains towards this agent. We show that disruption of rDNA or telomeric silencing does not mediate camptothecin resistance but that disruption of Sir1-dependent chromatin domains is sufficient to suppress camptothecin sensitivity in wild-type and tof1∆ cells. We suggest that topoisomerase 1 inhibition in proximity of these domains causes topological stress that leads to DNA hypercatenation, especially in the absence of the Tof1/Csm3 complex. Finally, we provide evidence of the evolutionarily conservation of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Puddu
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Israel Salguero
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mareike Herzog
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola J Geisler
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- IFOM (Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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