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Jia Y, Jia R, Dai Z, Zhou J, Ruan J, Chng W, Cai Z, Zhang X. Stress granules in cancer: Adaptive dynamics and therapeutic implications. iScience 2024; 27:110359. [PMID: 39100690 PMCID: PMC11295550 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs), membrane-less cellular organelles formed via liquid-liquid phase separation, are central to how cells adapt to various stress conditions, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, nutrient scarcity, and hypoxia. Recent studies have underscored a significant link between SGs and the process of tumorigenesis, highlighting that proteins, associated components, and signaling pathways that facilitate SG formation are often upregulated in cancer. SGs play a key role in enhancing tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while also inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating immune evasion, and driving metabolic reprogramming through multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, SGs have been identified as crucial elements in the development of resistance against chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy across a variety of cancer types. This review delves into the complex role of SGs in cancer development and resistance, bringing together the latest progress in the field and exploring new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ruyin Jia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhengfeng Dai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - WeeJoo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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2
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Sisson TH, Osterholzer JJ, Leung L, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii A, Subbotina N, Warnock M, Torrente D, Virk AQ, Horowitz JC, Migliorini M, Strickland DK, Kim KK, Huang SK, Lawrence DA. PAI-1 Interaction with Sortilin Related Receptor-1 is Required for Lung Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606812. [PMID: 39211273 PMCID: PMC11361096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been previously shown to promote lung fibrosis via a mechanism that requires an intact vitronectin (VTN) binding site. In the present study, employing two distinct murine fibrosis models, we find that VTN is not required for PAI-1 to drive lung scarring. This result suggested the existence of a previously unrecognized profibrotic PAI-1-protein interaction involving the VTN-binding site for PAI-1. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we identified sortilin related receptor 1 (SorlA) as the most highly enriched PAI-1 interactor in the fibrosing lung. We next investigated the role of SorlA in pulmonary fibrosis and found that SorlA deficiency protected against lung scarring in a murine model. We further show that, while VTN deficiency does not influence fibrogenesis in the presence or absence of PAI-1, SorlA is required for PAI-1 to promote scarring. These results, together with data showing increased SorlA levels in human IPF lung tissue, support a novel mechanism through which the potent profibrotic mediator PAI-1 drives lung fibrosis and implicate SorlA as a new therapeutic target in IPF treatment.
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3
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Fujita M, Sasada M, Iyoda T, Fukai F. Involvement of Matricellular Proteins in Cellular Senescence: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6591. [PMID: 38928297 PMCID: PMC11204155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a physiological and pathological cellular program triggered by various types of cellular stress. Senescent cells exhibit multiple characteristic changes. Among them, the characteristic flattened and enlarged morphology exhibited in senescent cells is observed regardless of the stimuli causing the senescence. Several studies have provided important insights into pro-adhesive properties of cellular senescence, suggesting that cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is involved in characteristic morphological changes, may play pivotal roles in cellular senescence. Matricellular proteins, a group of structurally unrelated ECM molecules that are secreted into the extracellular environment, have the unique ability to control cell adhesion to the ECM by binding to cell adhesion receptors, including integrins. Recent reports have certified that matricellular proteins are closely involved in cellular senescence. Through this biological function, matricellular proteins are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, including fibrosis, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This review outlines recent studies on the role of matricellular proteins in inducing cellular senescence. We highlight the role of integrin-mediated signaling in inducing cellular senescence and provide new therapeutic options for age-related diseases targeting matricellular proteins and integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomichi Fujita
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Sasada
- Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-Doori, Sanyo-Onoda 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
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4
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Fang M, Liu Y, Huang C, Fan S. Targeting stress granules in neurodegenerative diseases: A focus on biological function and dynamics disorders. Biofactors 2024; 50:422-438. [PMID: 37966813 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless organelles formed by eukaryotic cells in response to stress to promote cell survival through their pleiotropic cytoprotective effects. SGs recruit a variety of components to enhance their physiological function, and play a critical role in the propagation of pathological proteins, a key factor in neurodegeneration. Recent advances indicate that SG dynamic disorders exacerbate neuronal susceptibility to stress in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we outline the biological functions of SGs, highlight SG dynamic disorders in NDs, and emphasize therapeutic approaches for enhancing SG dynamics to provide new insights into ND intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglv Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Zacco E, Broglia L, Kurihara M, Monti M, Gustincich S, Pastore A, Plath K, Nagakawa S, Cerase A, Sanchez de Groot N, Tartaglia GG. RNA: The Unsuspected Conductor in the Orchestra of Macromolecular Crowding. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4734-4777. [PMID: 38579177 PMCID: PMC11046439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive Review delves into the chemical principles governing RNA-mediated crowding events, commonly referred to as granules or biological condensates. We explore the pivotal role played by RNA sequence, structure, and chemical modifications in these processes, uncovering their correlation with crowding phenomena under physiological conditions. Additionally, we investigate instances where crowding deviates from its intended function, leading to pathological consequences. By deepening our understanding of the delicate balance that governs molecular crowding driven by RNA and its implications for cellular homeostasis, we aim to shed light on this intriguing area of research. Our exploration extends to the methodologies employed to decipher the composition and structural intricacies of RNA granules, offering a comprehensive overview of the techniques used to characterize them, including relevant computational approaches. Through two detailed examples highlighting the significance of noncoding RNAs, NEAT1 and XIST, in the formation of phase-separated assemblies and their influence on the cellular landscape, we emphasize their crucial role in cellular organization and function. By elucidating the chemical underpinnings of RNA-mediated molecular crowding, investigating the role of modifications, structures, and composition of RNA granules, and exploring both physiological and aberrant phase separation phenomena, this Review provides a multifaceted understanding of the intriguing world of RNA-mediated biological condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Zacco
- RNA
Systems Biology Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Broglia
- RNA
Systems Biology Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Misuzu Kurihara
- RNA
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Michele Monti
- RNA
Systems Biology Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central
RNA Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- UK
Dementia Research Institute at the Maurice Wohl Institute of King’s
College London, London SE5 9RT, U.K.
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School
of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shinichi Nagakawa
- RNA
Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Andrea Cerase
- Blizard
Institute,
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Unit
of Cell and developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia Sanchez de Groot
- Unitat
de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia
Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- RNA
Systems Biology Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Lin N, Sun L, Chai J, Qi H, Zhao Y, Ma J, Xia M, Hu X. Stress granules affect the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor response by regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38238825 PMCID: PMC10795350 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a challenge in ovarian cancer. In addition to aberrant activation of relevant signaling pathways, the adaptive stress response is emerging as a new spotlight of drug resistance in cancer cells. Stress granules (SGs) are one of the most important features of the adaptive stress response, and there is increasing evidence that SGs promote drug resistance in cancer cells. In the present study, we compared two types of ovarian cancer cells, A2780 and SKOV3, using the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PKI-402. We found that SGs were formed and SGs could intercept the signaling factor ATF5 and regulate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in A2780 cells. Therefore, exploring the network formed between SGs and membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, which may provide a new insight into the mechanisms of antitumor drug functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiannan Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Meihui Xia
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China.
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7
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Redding A, Grabocka E. Stress granules and hormetic adaptation of cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:995-1005. [PMID: 37704502 PMCID: PMC10843007 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell stress is inherent to cancer and a key driver of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have proposed that cell stress promotes tumorigenesis through non-membranous organelles known as stress granules (SGs). While the biology of SGs is an emerging field, all studies to date point to the enhanced ability of cancer cells to form SGs compared with normal cells, a heightened dependence on SGs for survival under adverse conditions and for chemotherapy resistance, and the dependence of tumors on SGs for growth. Why cancer cells become dependent on SGs and how SGs promote tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we attempt to provide a framework for answering these questions by framing SGs as a hormetic response to tumor-associated stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Redding
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Elda Grabocka
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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8
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Molzahn C, Kuechler ER, Zemlyankina I, Nierves L, Ali T, Cole G, Wang J, Albu RF, Zhu M, Cashman NR, Gilch S, Karsan A, Lange PF, Gsponer J, Mayor T. Shift of the insoluble content of the proteome in the aging mouse brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310057120. [PMID: 37906643 PMCID: PMC10636323 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310057120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, the cellular response to unfolded proteins is believed to decline, resulting in diminished proteostasis. In model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, proteostatic decline with age has been linked to proteome solubility shifts and the onset of protein aggregation. However, this correlation has not been extensively characterized in aging mammals. To uncover age-dependent changes in the insoluble portion of a mammalian proteome, we analyzed the detergent-insoluble fraction of mouse brain tissue by mass spectrometry. We identified a group of 171 proteins, including the small heat shock protein α-crystallin, that become enriched in the detergent-insoluble fraction obtained from old mice. To enhance our ability to detect features associated with proteins in that fraction, we complemented our data with a meta-analysis of studies reporting the detergent-insoluble proteins in various mouse models of aging and neurodegeneration. Strikingly, insoluble proteins from young and old mice are distinct in several features in our study and across the collected literature data. In younger mice, proteins are more likely to be disordered, part of membraneless organelles, and involved in RNA binding. These traits become less prominent with age, as an increased number of structured proteins enter the pellet fraction. This analysis suggests that age-related changes to proteome organization lead a group of proteins with specific features to become detergent-insoluble. Importantly, these features are not consistent with those associated with proteins driving membraneless organelle formation. We see no evidence in our system of a general increase of condensate proteins in the detergent-insoluble fraction with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristen Molzahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
- Edward Leong Center for Healthy Aging, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Erich R. Kuechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Irina Zemlyankina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lorenz Nierves
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Tahir Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Grace Cole
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Neurology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Razvan F. Albu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Neil R. Cashman
- Division of Neurology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Philipp F. Lange
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4H4, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jörg Gsponer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Thibault Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
- Edward Leong Center for Healthy Aging, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada
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Li T, Zeng Z, Fan C, Xiong W. Role of stress granules in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189006. [PMID: 37913942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles that cell forms via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) under stress conditions such as oxidative stress, ER stress, heat shock and hypoxia. SG assembly is a stress-responsive mechanism by regulating gene expression and cellular signaling pathways. Cancer cells face various stress conditions in tumor microenvironment during tumorigenesis, while SGs contribute to hallmarks of cancer including proliferation, invasion, migration, avoiding apoptosis, metabolism reprogramming and immune evasion. Here, we review the connection between SGs and cancer development, the limitation of SGs on current cancer therapy and promising cancer therapeutic strategies targeting SGs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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10
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Rana T, Jiang C, Banerjee S, Yi N, Zmijewski JW, Liu G, Liu RM. PAI-1 Regulation of p53 Expression and Senescence in Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2008. [PMID: 37566086 PMCID: PMC10417428 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence contributes importantly to aging and aging-related diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells are progenitors of alveolar epithelium, and ATII cell senescence is evident in IPF. Previous studies from this lab have shown that increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor, promotes ATII cell senescence through inducing p53, a master cell cycle repressor, and activating p53-p21-pRb cell cycle repression pathway. In this study, we further show that PAI-1 binds to proteasome components and inhibits proteasome activity and p53 degradation in human lung epithelial A549 cells and primary mouse ATII cells. This is associated with a senescence phenotype of these cells, manifested as increased p53 and p21 expression, decreased phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and increased senescence-associated beta-galactose (SA-β-gal) activity. Moreover, we find that, although overexpression of wild-type PAI-1 (wtPAI-1) or a secretion-deficient, mature form of PAI-1 (sdPAI-1) alone induces ATII cell senescence (increases SA-β-gal activity), only wtPAI-1 induces p53, suggesting that the premature form of PAI-1 is required for the interaction with the proteasome. In summary, our data indicate that PAI-1 can bind to proteasome components and thus inhibit proteasome activity and p53 degradation in ATII cells. As p53 is a master cell cycle repressor and PAI-1 expression is increased in many senescent cells, the results from this study will have a significant impact not only on ATII cell senescence/lung fibrosis but also on the senescence of other types of cells in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sami Banerjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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11
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Ma Y, Farny NG. Connecting the dots: Neuronal senescence, stress granules, and neurodegeneration. Gene 2023; 871:147437. [PMID: 37084987 PMCID: PMC10205695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence increases with aging. While senescence is associated with an exit of the cell cycle, there is ample evidence that post-mitotic cells including neurons can undergo senescence as the brain ages, and that senescence likely contributes significantly to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Stress granules (SGs) are stress-induced cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates of RNA and proteins, which have been linked to the development of AD and ALS. The SG seeding hypothesis of NDs proposes that chronic stress in aging neurons results in static SGs that progress into pathological aggregates Alterations in SG dynamics have also been linked to senescence, though studies that link SGs and senescence in the context of NDs and the aging brain have not yet been performed. In this Review, we summarize the literature on senescence, and explore the contribution of senescence to the aging brain. We describe senescence phenotypes in aging neurons and glia, and their links to neuroinflammation and the development of AD and ALS. We further examine the relationships of SGs to senescence and to ND. We propose a new hypothesis that neuronal senescence may contribute to the mechanism of SG seeding in ND by altering SG dynamics in aged cells, thereby providing additional aggregation opportunities within aged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Ma
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Natalie G Farny
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
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12
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Moon S, Namkoong S. Ribonucleoprotein Granules: Between Stress and Transposable Elements. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1027. [PMID: 37509063 PMCID: PMC10377603 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can transpose and replicate within the genome, leading to genetic changes that affect various aspects of host biology. Evolutionarily, hosts have also developed molecular mechanisms to suppress TEs at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies suggest that stress-induced formation of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, including stress granule (SG) and processing body (P-body), can play a role in the sequestration of TEs to prevent transposition, suggesting an additional layer of the regulatory mechanism for TEs. RNP granules have been shown to contain factors involved in RNA regulation, including mRNA decay enzymes, RNA-binding proteins, and noncoding RNAs, which could potentially contribute to the regulation of TEs. Therefore, understanding the interplay between TEs and RNP granules is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms for maintaining genomic stability and controlling gene expression. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the interplay between TEs and RNP granules, proposing RNP granules as a novel layer of the regulatory mechanism for TEs during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Jiang T, Qi X, Lin R, Jiang J, Wen J, Deng Y. T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) exert distinct effects on stress granule formation depending on altered activity of SIRT1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115028. [PMID: 37216862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON), as the most concerned members of trichothecenes, induce cellular stress responses and various toxic effects. Stress granules (SGs) are rapidly formed in response to stress and play an important role in the cellular stress response. However, it is not known whether T-2 toxin and DON induce SG formation. In this study, we found that T-2 toxin induces SG formation, while DON surprisingly suppresses SG formation. Meanwhile, we discovered that SIRT1 co-localized with SGs and regulated SG formation by controlling the acetylation level of the SG nucleator G3BP1. Upon T-2 toxin, the acetylation level of G3BP1 increased, but the opposite change was observed upon DON. Importantly, T-2 toxin and DON affect the activity of SIRT1 via changing NAD+ level in a different manner, though the mechanism remains to be clarified. These findings suggest that the distinct effects of T-2 toxin and DON on SG formation are caused by changes in the activity of SIRT1. Furthermore, we found that SGs increase the cell toxicity of T-2 toxin and DON. In conclusion, our results reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of TRIs on SG formation and provide novel insights into the toxicological mechanisms of TRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xueying Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruqin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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14
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Jiang CS, Rana T, Jin LW, Farr SA, Morley JE, Qin H, Liu G, Liu RM. Aging, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, Brain Cell Senescence, and Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2023; 14:515-528. [PMID: 37008063 PMCID: PMC10017160 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), which accounts for >95% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, is unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence contributes importantly to AD pathophysiology, although the mechanisms underlying brain cell senescence and by which senescent cells promote neuro-pathophysiology remain unclear. In this study we show for the first time that the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor, is increased, in correlation with the increased expression of cell cycle repressors p53 and p21, in the hippocampus/cortex of senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice and LOAD patients. Double immunostaining results show that astrocytes in the brain of LOAD patients and SAMP8 mice express higher levels of senescent markers and PAI-1, compared to astrocytes in the corresponding controls. In vitro studies further show that overexpression of PAI-1 alone, intracellularly or extracellularly, induced senescence, whereas inhibition or silencing PAI-1 attenuated H2O2-induced senescence, in primary mouse and human astrocytes. Treatment with the conditional medium (CM) from senescent astrocytes induced neuron apoptosis. Importantly, the PAI-1 deficient CM from senescent astrocytes that overexpress a secretion deficient PAI-1 (sdPAI-1) has significantly reduced effect on neurons, compared to the PAI-1 containing CM from senescent astrocytes overexpressing wild type PAI-1 (wtPAI-1), although sdPAI-1 and wtPAI-1 induce similar degree of astrocyte senescence. Together, our results suggest that increased PAI-1, intracellularly or extracellularly, may contribute to brain cell senescence in LOAD and that senescent astrocytes can induce neuron apoptosis through secreting pathologically active molecules, including PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sun Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Tapasi Rana
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Susan A Farr
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis Missouri, MO, USA.
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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Yildiz SH, Karaosmanoğlu C, Duman R, Varol N, Özdemir Erdoğan M, Solak M, Duman R, Elmas M. Relationship between expression levels of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 and development of age-related cortico-nuclear cataracts. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The human lens develops age-related cataracts (ARCs) because of the complicated effects of aging and stressful conditions. Under conditions involving oxidative stress, cells form stress granules (SGs). TDRD7 has been identified as an RNA granule component and an important component of SGs. TDRD7 plays a role in the post-transcriptional expression of genes, such as the crystallin gene CRYBB3. Therefore, the present study investigated TDRD7 and CRYBB3 mRNA expressions in relation to age-related cortico-nuclear cataracts.
Methods
Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 in 52 patients with ARC and 52 healthy controls. Anterior lens capsules and peripheral blood samples from patients with ARC were included in the patient group, and peripheral blood samples from healthy subjects and human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) were included in the control group. Gene expression levels in the different age groups were compared. Correlation analysis was used to assess the gene expression levels and age.
Results
The expression of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.0001) in anterior lens capsules compared to that in HLE-B3 cells. Similarly, the expression of TDRD7 (P = 0.0004) and CRYBB3 (P < 0.0001) was higher in the peripheral blood samples of patients with ARC than in those of healthy subjects. Significant upregulation (P < 0.05) was observed in the 71–81-year age group of patients. No correlation was found between gene expression levels and age.
Conclusion
Significantly higher expression levels of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 in patients with ARC than in controls suggest that TDRD7 and CRYBB3 are associated with the development of age-related cortico-nuclear cataracts and the aging process under chronic stress.
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Abstract
The capacity of cells to organize complex biochemical reactions in intracellular space is a fundamental organizational principle of life. Key to this organization is the compartmentalization of the cytoplasm into distinct organelles, which is frequently achieved through intracellular membranes. Recent evidence, however, has added a new layer of flexibility to cellular compartmentalization. As such, in response to specific stimuli, liquid-liquid phase separations can lead to the rapid rearrangements of the cytoplasm to form membraneless organelles. Stress granules (SGs) are one such type of organelle that form specifically when cells are faced with stress stimuli, to aid cells in coping with stress. Inherently, altered SG formation has been linked to the pathogenesis of diseases associated with stress and inflammatory conditions, including cancer. Exciting discoveries have indicated an intimate link between SGs and tumorigenesis. Several pro-tumorigenic signaling molecules including the RAS oncogene, mTOR, and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) have been shown to upregulate SG formation. Based on these studies, SGs have emerged as structures that can integrate oncogenic signaling and tumor-associated stress stimuli to enhance cancer cell fitness. In addition, growing evidence over the past decade suggests that SGs function not only to regulate the switch between survival and cell death, but also contribute to cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Although much remains to be learned about the role of SGs in tumorigenesis, these studies highlight SGs as a key regulatory hub in cancer and a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elda Grabocka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Lee JI, Namkoong S. Stress granules dynamics: benefits in cancer. BMB Rep 2022; 55:577-586. [PMID: 36330685 PMCID: PMC9813431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are stress-induced subcellular compartments, which carry out a particular function to cope with stress. These granules protect cells from stress-related damage and cell death through dynamic sequestration of numerous ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and signaling proteins, thereby promoting cell survival under both physiological and pathological condition. During tumorigenesis, cancer cells are repeatedly exposed to diverse stress stimuli from the tumor microenvironment, and the dynamics of SGs is often modulated due to the alteration of gene expression patterns in cancer cells, leading to tumor progression as well as resistance to anticancer treatment. In this mini review, we provide a brief discussion about our current understanding of the fundamental roles of SGs during physiological stress and the effect of dysregulated SGs on cancer cell fitness and cancer therapy. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 577-586].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-33-250-8512; Fax: +82-33-259-5664; E-mail:
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18
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Huai Y, Mao W, Wang X, Lin X, Li Y, Chen Z, Qian A. How do RNA binding proteins trigger liquid-liquid phase separation in human health and diseases? Biosci Trends 2022; 16:389-404. [PMID: 36464283 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) lie at the center of post-transcriptional regulation and protein synthesis, adding complexity to RNA life cycle. RBPs also participate in the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs) via undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which underlies the formation of MLOs in eukaryotic cells. RBPs-triggered LLPS mainly relies on the interaction between their RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and capped mRNA transcripts and the heterotypic multivalent interactions between their intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) or prion-like domains (PLDs). In turn, the aggregations of RBPs are also dependent on the process of LLPS. RBPs-driven LLPS is involved in many intracellular processes (regulation of translation, mRNA storage and stabilization and cell signaling) and serves as the heart of cellular physiology and pathology. Thus, it is essential to comprehend the potential roles and investigate the internal mechanism of RPBs-triggered LLPS. In this review, we primarily expound on our current understanding of RBPs and they-triggered LLPS and summarize their physiological and pathological functions. Furthermore, we also summarize the potential roles of RBPs-triggered LLPS as novel therapeutic mechanism for human diseases. This review will help understand the mechanisms underlying LLPS and downstream regulation of RBPs and provide insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huai
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Mao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Lee JI, Namkoong S. Stress granules dynamics: benefits in cancer. BMB Rep 2022; 55:577-586. [PMID: 36330685 PMCID: PMC9813431 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are stress-induced subcellular compartments, which carry out a particular function to cope with stress. These granules protect cells from stress-related damage and cell death through dynamic sequestration of numerous ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and signaling proteins, thereby promoting cell survival under both physiological and pathological condition. During tumorigenesis, cancer cells are repeatedly exposed to diverse stress stimuli from the tumor microenvironment, and the dynamics of SGs is often modulated due to the alteration of gene expression patterns in cancer cells, leading to tumor progression as well as resistance to anticancer treatment. In this mini review, we provide a brief discussion about our current understanding of the fundamental roles of SGs during physiological stress and the effect of dysregulated SGs on cancer cell fitness and cancer therapy. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 577-586].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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20
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Li Z, Liu X, Liu M. Stress Granule Homeostasis, Aberrant Phase Transition, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2356-2370. [PMID: 35905138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. In recent years, a large number of ALS-related mutations have been discovered to have a strong link to stress granules (SGs). SGs are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein condensates mediated by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomacromolecules. They help cells cope with stress. The normal physiological functions of SGs are dependent on three key aspects of SG "homeostasis": SG assembly, disassembly, and SG components. Any of these three aspects can be disrupted, resulting in abnormalities in the cellular stress response and leading to cytotoxicity. Several ALS-related pathogenic mutants have abnormal LLPS abilities that disrupt SG homeostasis, and some of them can even cause aberrant phase transitions. As a result, ALS-related mutants may disrupt various aspects of SG homeostasis by directly disturbing the intermolecular interactions or affecting core SG components, thus disrupting the phase equilibrium of the cytoplasm during stress. Considering that the importance of the "global view" of SG homeostasis in ALS pathogenesis has not received enough attention, we first systematically summarize the physiological regulatory mechanism of SG homeostasis based on LLPS and then examine ALS pathogenesis from the perspective of disrupted SG homeostasis and aberrant phase transition of biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxu Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mujun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
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21
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Liu RM. Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1989. [PMID: 35216123 PMCID: PMC8874507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), which accounts for >95% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. The mechanism underlying the aging-related susceptibility to LOAD is unknown. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell growth arrest, is believed to contribute importantly to aging and aging-related diseases, including AD. Senescent astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and neurons have been detected in the brain of AD patients and AD animal models. Removing senescent cells genetically or pharmacologically ameliorates β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and tau-protein-induced neuropathologies, and improves memory in AD model mice, suggesting a pivotal role of cellular senescence in AD pathophysiology. Nonetheless, although accumulated evidence supports the role of cellular senescence in aging and AD, the mechanisms that promote cell senescence and how senescent cells contribute to AD neuropathophysiology remain largely unknown. This review summarizes recent advances in this field. We believe that the removal of senescent cells represents a promising approach toward the effective treatment of aging-related diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA
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22
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Trivlidis J, Aloufi N, Al-Habeeb F, Nair P, Azuelos I, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. HuR drives lung fibroblast differentiation but not metabolic reprogramming in response to TGF-β and hypoxia. Respir Res 2021; 22:323. [PMID: 34963461 PMCID: PMC8715577 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is thought to be driven by recurrent alveolar epithelial injury which leads to the differentiation of fibroblasts into α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts and subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in fibroblast differentiation, which we have recently shown involves human antigen R (HuR). HuR is an RNA binding protein that also increases the translation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) mRNA, a transcription factor critical for inducing a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis. This metabolic shift may cause fibroblast differentiation. We hypothesized that under hypoxic conditions, HuR controls myofibroblast differentiation and glycolytic reprogramming in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Methods Primary HLFs were cultured in the presence (or absence) of TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) under hypoxic (1% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) conditions. Evaluation included mRNA and protein expression of glycolytic and myofibroblast/ECM markers by qRT-PCR and western blot. Metabolic profiling was done by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- NMR). Separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of HuR on metabolic reprogramming using siRNA-mediated knock-down. Results Hypoxia alone had no significant effect on fibroblast differentiation or metabolic reprogramming. While hypoxia- together with TGFβ1- increased mRNA levels of differentiation and glycolysis genes, such as ACTA2, LDHA, and HK2, protein levels of α-SMA and collagen 1 were significantly reduced. Hypoxia induced cytoplasmic translocation of HuR. Knockdown of HuR reduced features of fibroblast differentiation in response to TGF-β1 with and without hypoxia, including α-SMA and the ECM marker collagen I, but had no effect on lactate secretion. Conclusions Hypoxia reduced myofibroblasts differentiation and lactate secretion in conjunction with TGF-β. HuR is an important protein in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation but does not control glycolysis in HLFs in response to hypoxia. More research is needed to understand the functional implications of HuR in IPF pathogenesis.
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23
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Liu Y, Liu S, Shi H, Ma J, Jing M, Han Y. The TSN1 Binding Protein RH31 Is a Component of Stress Granules and Participates in Regulation of Salt-Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:804356. [PMID: 35003193 PMCID: PMC8733394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.804356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nucleases (TSNs) are evolutionarily conserved RNA binding proteins, which include redundant TSN1 and TSN2 in Arabidopsis. It has been showed TSNs are the components of stress granules (SGs) and regulate plant growth under salt stress. In this study, we find a binding protein of TSN1, RH31, which is a DEAD-box RNA helicase (RH). Subcellular localization studies show that RH31 is mainly located in the nucleus, but under salinity, it translocates to the cytoplasm where it accumulates in cytoplasmic granules. After cycloheximide (CHX) treatment which can block the formation of SGs by interfering with mRNP homeostasis, these cytoplasmic granules disappeared. More importantly, RH31 co-localizes with SGs marker protein RBP47. RH31 deletion results in salt-hypersensitive phenotype, while RH31 overexpression causes more resistant to salt stress. In summary, we demonstrate that RH31, the TSN1 binding protein, is a component of plant SGs and participates in regulation of salt-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Wheat Research Institute, Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Meng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Cadena Sandoval M, Heberle AM, Rehbein U, Barile C, Ramos Pittol JM, Thedieck K. mTORC1 Crosstalk With Stress Granules in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:761333. [PMID: 35822040 PMCID: PMC9261333 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.761333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase is a master regulator of metabolism and aging. A complex signaling network converges on mTORC1 and integrates growth factor, nutrient and stress signals. Aging is a dynamic process characterized by declining cellular survival, renewal, and fertility. Stressors elicited by aging hallmarks such as mitochondrial malfunction, loss of proteostasis, genomic instability and telomere shortening impinge on mTORC1 thereby contributing to age-related processes. Stress granules (SGs) constitute a cytoplasmic non-membranous compartment formed by RNA-protein aggregates, which control RNA metabolism, signaling, and survival under stress. Increasing evidence reveals complex crosstalk between the mTORC1 network and SGs. In this review, we cover stressors elicited by aging hallmarks that impinge on mTORC1 and SGs. We discuss their interplay, and we highlight possible links in the context of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Martin Heberle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Rehbein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cecilia Barile
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José Miguel Ramos Pittol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kathrin Thedieck, , ,
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Dolicka D, Foti M, Sobolewski C. The Emerging Role of Stress Granules in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179428. [PMID: 34502337 PMCID: PMC8430939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are small membrane-free cytosolic liquid-phase ordered entities in which mRNAs are protected and translationally silenced during cellular adaptation to harmful conditions (e.g., hypoxia, oxidative stress). This function is achieved by structural and functional SG components such as scaffold proteins and RNA-binding proteins controlling the fate of mRNAs. Increasing evidence indicates that the capacity of cells to assemble/disassemble functional SGs may significantly impact the onset and the development of metabolic and inflammatory diseases, as well as cancers. In the liver, the abnormal expression of SG components and formation of SG occur with chronic liver diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and selective hepatic resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Although, the role of SG in these diseases is still debated, the modulation of SG assembly/disassembly or targeting the expression/activity of specific SG components may represent appealing strategies to treat hepatic disorders and potentially cancer. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge about pathophysiological functions of SGs in HCC as well as available molecular tools and drugs capable of modulating SG formation and functions for therapeutic purposes.
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Chatterjee D, Chakrabarti O. Role of stress granules in modulating senescence and promoting cancer progression: Special emphasis on glioma. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:551-561. [PMID: 34460104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) contain mRNAs and proteins stalled in translation during stress; these are increasingly being implicated in diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer. The dysregulated assembly, persistence, disassembly and clearance of SGs contribute to the process of senescence. Senescence has long been a mysterious player in cellular physiology and associated diseases. The systemic process of aging has been pivotal in the development of various neurological disorders like age-related neuropathy, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Glioma is a cancer of neurological origin with a very poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence, SGs have only recently been implicated in its pathogenesis. Senescence has long been established to play an antitumorigenic role, however, relatively less studied is its protumorigenic importance. Here, we have evaluated the existing literature to assess the crosstalk of the two biological phenomena of senescence and SG formation in the context of tumorigenesis. In this review, we have attempted to analyze the contribution of senescence in regulating diverse cellular processes, like, senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), microtubular reorganization, telomeric alteration, autophagic clearance and how intricately these phenomena are tied with the formation of SGs. Finally, we propose that interplay between senescence, its contributing factors and the genesis of SGs can drive tumorigenicity of gliomas, which can potentially be utilized for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmita Chatterjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Gasotransmitter CO Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Fibroblast Senescence via Induction of Stress Granule Formation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9926284. [PMID: 34306316 PMCID: PMC8263219 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9926284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is recognized as a phenomenon wherein a proliferative cell undergoes a permanent growth arrest. The accumulation of senescent cells over time can become harmful and result in diseases and physiological decline. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is considered as a critical marker and mediator of cellular senescence. The formation of stress granules (SGs) could prevent senescence through the sequestration of PAI-1, and we previously suggested that exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) could induce SG assembly via integrated stress response (ISR). Although CO is known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties, whether it exerts antisenescent effect is still not well defined. Here, to address whether CO-induced SGs could protect against cellular senescence, we first treated lung fibroblasts with bleomycin (BLM) to establish DNA damage-induced cellular senescence, and observed a significant increase of several hallmarks of senescence through SA-β-gal staining, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot assay. However, pre- and posttreatment of CO could remarkably attenuate these senescent phenotypes. According to our immunofluorescence results, CO-induced SGs could inhibit BLM-induced cellular senescence via sequestration of PAI-1, while it was abolished after the cotreatment of ISR inhibitor (ISRIB) due to the inhibition of SG assembly. Overall, our results proposed a novel role of CO in suppressing bleomycin-induced lung fibroblast senescence through the assembly of SGs.
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Matsumoto S, Sugimoto N. New Insights into the Functions of Nucleic Acids Controlled by Cellular Microenvironments. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:17. [PMID: 33782792 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The right-handed double-helical B-form structure (B-form duplex) has been widely recognized as the canonical structure of nucleic acids since it was first proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This B-form duplex model has a monochronic and static structure and codes genetic information within a sequence. Interestingly, DNA and RNA can form various non-canonical structures, such as hairpin loops, left-handed helices, triplexes, tetraplexes of G-quadruplex and i-motif, and branched junctions, in addition to the canonical structure. The formation of non-canonical structures depends not only on sequence but also on the surrounding environment. Importantly, these non-canonical structures may exhibit a wide variety of biological roles by changing their structures and stabilities in response to the surrounding environments, which undergo vast changes at specific locations and at specific times in cells. Here, we review recent progress regarding the interesting behaviors and functions of nucleic acids controlled by molecularly crowded cellular conditions. New insights gained from recent studies suggest that nucleic acids not only code genetic information in sequences but also have unknown functions regarding their structures and stabilities through drastic structural changes in cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Matsumoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Wolff H, Jakoby M, Stephan L, Koebke E, Hülskamp M. Heat Stress-Dependent Association of Membrane Trafficking Proteins With mRNPs Is Selective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670499. [PMID: 34249042 PMCID: PMC8264791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis AAA ATPase SKD1 is essential for ESCRT-dependent endosomal sorting by mediating the disassembly of the ESCRTIII complex in an ATP-dependent manner. In this study, we show that SKD1 localizes to messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes upon heat stress. Consistent with this, the interactome of SKD1 revealed differential interactions under normal and stress conditions and included membrane transport proteins as well as proteins associated with RNA metabolism. Localization studies with selected interactome proteins revealed that not only RNA associated proteins but also several ESCRTIII and membrane trafficking proteins were recruited to messenger ribonucleoprotein granules after heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wolff
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Botanical Institute, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Jakoby
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Stephan
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Koebke
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Martin Hülskamp
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30
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Wang F, Li J, Fan S, Jin Z, Huang C. Targeting stress granules: A novel therapeutic strategy for human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105143. [PMID: 32814168 PMCID: PMC7428673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are assemblies of mRNA and proteins that form from mRNAs stalled in translation initiation in response to stress. Chronic stress might even induce formation of cytotoxic pathological SGs. SGs participate in various biological functions including response to apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation, and signalling pathways; moreover, SGs are involved in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, viral infection, aging, cancers and many other diseases. Emerging evidence has shown that small molecules can affect SG dynamics, including assembly, disassembly, maintenance and clearance. Thus, targeting SGs is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human diseases and the promotion of health. The established methods for detecting SGs provided ready tools for large-scale screening of agents that alter the dynamics of SGs. Here, we describe the effects of small molecules on SG assembly, disassembly, and their roles in the disease. Moreover, we provide perspective for the possible application of small molecules targeting SGs in the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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31
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Omer A, Patel D, Moran JL, Lian XJ, Di Marco S, Gallouzi IE. Autophagy and heat-shock response impair stress granule assembly during cellular senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111382. [PMID: 33049246 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless organelles formed in response to insult. These granules are related to pathological granules found in age-related neurogenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Previously, we demonstrated that senescent cells, which accumulate with age, exposed to chronic oxidative stress, are unable to form SGs. Here, we show that the senescent cells' inability to form SGs correlates with an upregulation in both the heat-shock response and autophagy pathways, both of which are well-established promoters of SG disassembly. Our data also reveals that the knockdown of HSP70 and ATG5, important components of the heat-shock response and autophagy pathways, respectively, restores the number of SGs formed in senescent cells exposed to chronic oxidative stress. Surprisingly, under these conditions, the depletion of HSP70 or ATG5 did not affect the clearance of these SGs during their recovery from chronic stress. These data reveal that senescent cells possess a unique heat-shock and autophagy-dependent ability to impair the formation of SGs in response to chronic stress, thereby expanding the existing understanding of SG dynamics in senescent cells and their potential contribution to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Omer
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Devang Patel
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julian Lucas Moran
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xian Jin Lian
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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32
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G3BP1 controls the senescence-associated secretome and its impact on cancer progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4979. [PMID: 33020468 PMCID: PMC7536198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a known driver of carcinogenesis and age-related diseases, yet senescence is required for various physiological processes. However, the mechanisms and factors that control the negative effects of senescence while retaining its benefits are still elusive. Here, we show that the rasGAP SH3-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is required for the activation of the senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). During senescence, G3BP1 achieves this effect by promoting the association of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) with cytosolic chromatin fragments. In turn, G3BP1, through cGAS, activates the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways, promoting SASP expression and secretion. G3BP1 depletion or pharmacological inhibition impairs the cGAS-pathway preventing the expression of SASP factors without affecting cell commitment to senescence. These SASPless senescent cells impair senescence-mediated growth of cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Our data reveal that G3BP1 is required for SASP expression and that SASP secretion is a primary mediator of senescence-associated tumor growth. The mechanisms that control the deleterious behaviour of senescent cells is unclear. Here, the authors show that G3BP1 is required for the induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), without affecting senescence, and that SASP secretion is a primary mediator of senescence-associated tumour growth.
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Legrand N, Dixon DA, Sobolewski C. Stress granules in colorectal cancer: Current knowledge and potential therapeutic applications. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5223-5247. [PMID: 32994684 PMCID: PMC7504244 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i35.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) represent important non-membrane cytoplasmic compartments, involved in cellular adaptation to various stressful conditions (e.g., hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress). These granules contain several scaffold proteins and RNA-binding proteins, which bind to mRNAs and keep them translationally silent while protecting them from harmful conditions. Although the role of SGs in cancer development is still poorly known and vary between cancer types, increasing evidence indicate that the expression and/or the activity of several key SGs components are deregulated in colorectal tumors but also in pre-neoplastic conditions (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), thus suggesting a potential role in the onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is therefore believed that SGs formation importantly contributes to various steps of colorectal tumorigenesis but also in chemoresistance. As CRC is the third most frequent cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, development of new therapeutic targets is needed to offset the development of chemoresistance and formation of metastasis. Abolishing SGs assembly may therefore represent an appealing therapeutic strategy to re-sensitize colon cancer cells to anti-cancer chemotherapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SGs in colorectal cancer and the potential therapeutic strategies that could be employed to target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Legrand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
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Biomarkers of senescence in non-human primate adipose depots relate to aging. GeroScience 2020; 43:343-352. [PMID: 32705409 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty-three female African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) were selected to represent young adult to advanced geriatric ages (7-24 years) to exhibit a wide range of obesity status (8-53% body fat) and diverse metabolic syndrome criteria such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were collected and evaluated for the presence of senescence cells in both whole tissue and single-cell isolates from subcutaneous sources, utilizing senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβ-gal) staining. Plasma samples were analyzed for selected metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers related to the senescence-associated secretory profile. Our results indicated that tissue staining scores did not differ between subcutaneous and intra-abdominal visceral depots and were highly related within individuals. Tissue staining was significantly associated with chronological age; however, no associations with fatness or metabolic syndrome criteria were observed. Associations with age were unchanged when obesity status was included in regression models. Isolated cell staining did positively relate to age but not tissue staining, suggesting some of the SAβ-gal-positive cells were stromal vascular cells or small adipocytes, but that mature large adipocytes, filtered out in the cell isolation process, are also likely to exhibit positive SAβ-gal staining. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration in circulation was the sole inflammation-related biomarker that positively associated with age and is considered to be a marker of senescent cell burden. Our study is the largest, most comprehensive assessment of adipose SAβ-gal staining in a relevant animal model of human aging, and confirms that this senescence-associated biomarker specifically indicates an age-related process.
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Frydrýšková K, Mašek T, Pospíšek M. Changing faces of stress: Impact of heat and arsenite treatment on the composition of stress granules. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1596. [PMID: 32362075 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs), hallmarks of the cellular adaptation to stress, promote survival, conserve cellular energy, and are fully dissolved upon the cessation of stress treatment. Different stresses can initiate the assembly of SGs, but arsenite and heat are the best studied of these stresses. The composition of SGs and posttranslational modifications of SG proteins differ depending on the type and severity of the stress insult, methodology used, cell line, and presence of overexpressed and tagged proteins. A group of 18 proteins showing differential localization to SGs in heat- and arsenite-stressed mammalian cell lines is described. Upon severe and prolonged stress, physiological SGs transform into more solid protein aggregates that are no longer reversible and do not contain mRNA. Similar pathological inclusions are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. SGs induced by heat stress are less dynamic than SGs induced by arsenite and contain a set of unique proteins and linkage-specific polyubiquitinated proteins. The same types of ubiquitin linkages have been found to contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We propose heat stress-induced SGs as a possible model of an intermediate stage along the transition from dynamic, fully reversible arsenite stress-induced SGs toward aberrant SGs, the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Stress- and methodology-specific differences in the compositions of SGs and the transition of SGs to aberrant protein aggregates are discussed. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Pospíšek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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36
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Liu RM, Liu G. Cell senescence and fibrotic lung diseases. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110836. [PMID: 31958492 PMCID: PMC7036279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal lung disorder with an unknown etiology and very limited therapeutic options. The incidence and severity of IPF increase with advanced age, suggesting that aging is a major risk factor for IPF. The mechanism underlying the aging-related susceptibility to IPF, however, remains unclear. Cellular senescence, a permanent arrest of cell growth, has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to aging and aging-related diseases, including IPF. Senescent cells have been identified in IPF lungs and in experimental lung fibrosis models. Removal of senescent cells pharmacologically or genetically improves lung function and reverses pulmonary fibrosis induced by different stimuli in experimental fibrosis models. Treatment with senolytic drugs also improves clinical symptoms in IPF patients. These intriguing findings suggest that cellular senescence contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases and targeting senescent cells may represent a novel approach for the treatment of fibrotic lung disorders. In this mini review, we summarize the recent advance in the field regarding the role of cellular senescence in fibrotic lung diseases, with a focus on IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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37
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Cao X, Jin X, Liu B. The involvement of stress granules in aging and aging-associated diseases. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13136. [PMID: 32170904 PMCID: PMC7189987 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are nonmembrane assemblies formed in cells in response to stress conditions. SGs mainly contain untranslated mRNA and a variety of proteins. RNAs and scaffold proteins with intrinsically disordered regions or RNA-binding domains are essential for the assembly of SGs, and multivalent macromolecular interactions among these components are thought to be the driving forces for SG assembly. The SG assembly process includes regulation through post-translational modification and involvement of the cytoskeletal system. During aging, many intracellular bioprocesses become disrupted by factors such as cellular environmental changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decline in the protein quality control system. Such changes could lead to the formation of aberrant SGs, as well as alterations in their maintenance, disassembly, and clearance. These aberrant SGs might in turn promote aging and aging-associated diseases. In this paper, we first review the latest progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying SG assembly and SG functioning under stress conditions. Then, we provide a detailed discussion of the relevance of SGs to aging and aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Goteborg Sweden
- Center for Large‐scale Cell‐based Screening Faculty of Science University of Gothenburg Goteborg Sweden
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38
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Rana T, Jiang C, Liu G, Miyata T, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. PAI-1 Regulation of TGF-β1-induced Alveolar Type II Cell Senescence, SASP Secretion, and SASP-mediated Activation of Alveolar Macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:319-330. [PMID: 31513752 PMCID: PMC7055702 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0071oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of alveolar type II (ATII) cells, progenitors of the alveolar epithelium, is a pathological feature and contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite recognition of the importance of ATII cell senescence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis, how ATII cell senescence is regulated and how senescent ATII cells contribute to lung fibrogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we show that TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1), a most ubiquitous and potent profibrotic cytokine, induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a cell senescence and fibrosis mediator, and p16 as well as senescence, but not apoptosis, in primary mouse ATII cells. We also found that senescent ATII cells secrete various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, which stimulate the expression of genes associated with a profibrotic phenotype in alveolar macrophages. Similar responses were also observed in TGF-β1-treated rat ATII (L2) and rat macrophage NR8383 cells. Deletion of PAI-1 or inhibition of PAI-1 activity with a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor, however, blocks TGF-β1-induced senescence as well as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype in ATII and L2 cells and, consequently, the stimulatory effects of the conditioned medium from senescent ATII/L2 cells on macrophages. Moreover, we show that silencing p16 ameliorates PAI-1 protein-induced ATII cell senescence and secretion of profibrotic mediators. Our data suggest that PAI-1 mediates TGF-β1-induced ATII cell senescence and secretion of profibrotic mediators through inducing p16, and they also suggest that senescent ATII cells contribute to lung fibrogenesis in part by activating alveolar macrophages through secreting profibrotic and proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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Zheng M, Chen Y, Park J, Song HC, Chen Y, Park JW, Joe Y, Chung HT. CO ameliorates endothelial senescence induced by 5-fluorouracil through SIRT1 activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 677:108185. [PMID: 31704100 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial senescence is the main risk factor that contributes to vascular dysfunction and the progression of vascular disease. Carbon monoxide (CO) plays an important role in preventing vascular dysfunction and in maintaining vascular physiology or homeostasis. The application of exogenous CO has been shown to confer protection in several models of cardiovascular injury or disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, balloon-catheter injury, and graft rejection. However, the mechanism by which CO prevents endothelial senescence has been largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CO on endothelial senescence and to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying this process. We measured the levels of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and stress granule in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cell line. We found that 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-induced ROS generation was inhibited by CO-releasing molecules (CORM)-A1 treatment, and endothelial senescence induced by 5FU was attenuated by CORM-A1 treatment. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 reversed the inhibitory effect of CO on the 5FU-induced endothelial senescence. Furthermore, SIRT1 deficiency abolished the stress granule formation by CO. Our results suggest that CO alleviates the endothelial senescence induced by 5FU through SIRT1 activation and may hence have therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of YanBian University, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Yubing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Dalian University Medical College, Dalian, 116622, China
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea.
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Sadek J, Omer A, Hall D, Ashour K, Gallouzi IE. Alternative polyadenylation and the stress response. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 10:e1540. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Amr Omer
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Derek Hall
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Kholoud Ashour
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Imed Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
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41
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Glass L, Wente SR. Gle1 mediates stress granule-dependent survival during chemotoxic stress. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:156-171. [PMID: 30262214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are non-membrane bound organelles that form in response to multiple different stress stimuli, including exposure to sodium arsenite. SGs are postulated to support cells during periods of stress and provide a protective effect, allowing survival. Gle1 is a highly conserved, essential modulator of RNA-dependent DEAD-box proteins that exists as at least two distinct isoforms in human cells. Gle1A is required for proper SG formation, whereas Gle1B functions in mRNA export at the nuclear pore complex. Since Gle1A is required for SG function, we hypothesized that SG-dependent survival responses would also be Gle1-dependent. We describe here an experimental system for quantifying and testing the SG-associated survival response to sodium arsenite stress in HeLa cells. Gle1A was required for the sodium arsenite survival response, and overexpression of Gle1A supported the survival response. Overexpression of the SG-component G3BP also enabled the response. Next, we analyzed whether cells undergoing multiple rounds of stress yield a subpopulation with a higher propensity for SG formation and an increased resistance to undergoing apoptosis. After ten doses of sodium arsenite treatment, cells became resistant to sodium arsenite and to diclofenac sodium (another SG-inducing drug). The sodium arsenite-resistant cells exhibited changes in SG biology and had an increased survival response that was conferred in a paracrine manner. Changes in secreted factors occurred including a significantly lower level of MCP-1, a known regulator of stress granules and stress-induced apoptosis. This study supports models wherein SGs play a role in cell evasion of apoptosis and further reveal Gle1A and SG functions as targets for clinical approaches directed at chemoresistant/refractory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Glass
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Susan R Wente
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells organize their intracellular components into organelles that can be membrane-bound or membraneless. A large number of membraneless organelles, including nucleoli, Cajal bodies, P-bodies, and stress granules, exist as liquid droplets within the cell and arise from the condensation of cellular material in a process termed liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Beyond a mere organizational tool, concentrating cellular components into membraneless organelles tunes biochemical reactions and improves cellular fitness during stress. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular underpinnings of the formation and regulation of these membraneless organelles. This molecular understanding explains emergent properties of these membraneless organelles and shines new light on neurodegenerative diseases, which may originate from disturbances in LLPS and membraneless organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gomes
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - James Shorter
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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