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Vodičková A, Müller-Eigner A, Okoye CN, Bischer AP, Horn J, Koren SA, Selim NA, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial energy state controls AMPK-mediated foraging behavior in C. elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8815. [PMID: 38630817 PMCID: PMC11023558 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Organisms surveil and respond to their environment using behaviors entrained by metabolic cues that reflect food availability. Mitochondria act as metabolic hubs and at the center of mitochondrial energy production is the protonmotive force (PMF), an electrochemical gradient generated by metabolite consumption. The PMF serves as a central integrator of mitochondrial status, but its role in governing metabolic signaling is poorly understood. We used optogenetics to dissipate the PMF in Caenorhabditis elegans tissues to test its role in food-related behaviors. Our data demonstrate that PMF reduction in the intestine is sufficient to initiate locomotor responses to acute food deprivation. This behavioral adaptation requires the cellular energy regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in neurons, not in the intestine, and relies on mitochondrial dynamics and axonal trafficking. Our results highlight a role for intestinal PMF as an internal metabolic cue, and we identify a bottom-up signaling axis through which changes in the PMF trigger AMPK activity in neurons to promote foraging behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Vodičková
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Annika Müller-Eigner
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Chidozie N. Okoye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew P. Bischer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Horn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shon A. Koren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nada Ahmed Selim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew P. Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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2
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Vlasova AD, Bukhalovich SM, Bagaeva DF, Polyakova AP, Ilyinsky NS, Nesterov SV, Tsybrov FM, Bogorodskiy AO, Zinovev EV, Mikhailov AE, Vlasov AV, Kuklin AI, Borshchevskiy VI, Bamberg E, Uversky VN, Gordeliy VI. Intracellular microbial rhodopsin-based optogenetics to control metabolism and cell signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3327-3349. [PMID: 38391026 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsin (MRs) ion channels and pumps have become invaluable optogenetic tools for neuroscience as well as biomedical applications. Recently, MR-optogenetics expanded towards subcellular organelles opening principally new opportunities in optogenetic control of intracellular metabolism and signaling via precise manipulations of organelle ion gradients using light. This new optogenetic field expands the opportunities for basic and medical studies of cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, providing more detailed and accurate control of cell physiology. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of the cellular metabolic processes and signaling mediated by optogenetic tools targeting mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we discuss perspectives of such an optogenetic approach in both fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Vlasova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Siarhei M Bukhalovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Diana F Bagaeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra P Polyakova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Fedor M Tsybrov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey O Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Egor V Zinovev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anatolii E Mikhailov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey V Vlasov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Ernst Bamberg
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-CNRS, 38027 Grenoble, France.
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3
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Peterson A, Baskett C, Ratcliff WC, Burnetti A. Transforming yeast into a facultative photoheterotroph via expression of vacuolar rhodopsin. Curr Biol 2024; 34:648-654.e3. [PMID: 38218181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Phototrophic metabolism, the capture of light for energy, was a pivotal biological innovation that greatly increased the total energy available to the biosphere. Chlorophyll-based photosynthesis is the most familiar phototrophic metabolism, but retinal-based microbial rhodopsins transduce nearly as much light energy as chlorophyll does,1 via a simpler mechanism, and are found in far more taxonomic groups. Although this system has apparently spread widely via horizontal gene transfer,2,3,4 little is known about how rhodopsin genes (with phylogenetic origins within prokaryotes5,6) are horizontally acquired by eukaryotic cells with complex internal membrane architectures or the conditions under which they provide a fitness advantage. To address this knowledge gap, we sought to determine whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a heterotrophic yeast with no known evolutionary history of phototrophy, can function as a facultative photoheterotroph after acquiring a single rhodopsin gene. We inserted a rhodopsin gene from Ustilago maydis,7 which encodes a proton pump localized to the vacuole, an organelle normally acidified via a V-type rotary ATPase, allowing the rhodopsin to supplement heterotrophic metabolism. Probes of the physiology of modified cells show that they can deacidify the cytoplasm using light energy, demonstrating the ability of rhodopsins to ameliorate the effects of starvation and quiescence. Further, we show that yeast-bearing rhodopsins gain a selective advantage when illuminated, proliferating more rapidly than their non-phototrophic ancestor or rhodopsin-bearing yeast cultured in the dark. These results underscore the ease with which rhodopsins may be horizontally transferred even in eukaryotes, providing novel biological function without first requiring evolutionary optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Peterson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA; Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Carina Baskett
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA; Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - William C Ratcliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA; Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA.
| | - Anthony Burnetti
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA; Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA.
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4
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Zhu Y, Huang H, Chen Z, Tao Y, Liao LY, Gao SH, Wang YJ, Gao CY. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Attenuates Cognitive Deficits and Alzheimer's Disease-Type Pathologies via ISCA1-Mediated Mitochondrial Modulation in APP/PS1 Mice. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:182-200. [PMID: 37578635 PMCID: PMC10838862 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a time-saving and cost-effective repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regime, has been shown to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism underlying iTBS-induced cognitive enhancement remains unknown. Previous studies suggested that mitochondrial functions are modulated by magnetic stimulation. Here, we showed that iTBS upregulates the expression of iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (ISCA1, an essential regulatory factor for mitochondrial respiration) in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that iTBS modulates mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly to facilitate mitochondrial respiration and function, which is required for ISCA1. Moreover, iTBS rescues cognitive decline and attenuates AD-type pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. The present study uncovers a novel mechanism by which iTBS modulates mitochondrial respiration and function via ISCA1-mediated iron-sulfur cluster assembly to alleviate cognitive impairments and pathologies in AD. We provide the mechanistic target of iTBS that warrants its therapeutic potential for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Special Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ling-Yi Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shi-Hao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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5
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Ouyang Y, Jeong MY, Cunningham CN, Berg JA, Toshniwal AG, Hughes CE, Seiler K, Van Vranken JG, Cluntun AA, Lam G, Winter JM, Akdogan E, Dove KK, Nowinski SM, West M, Odorizzi G, Gygi SP, Dunn CD, Winge DR, Rutter J. Phosphate starvation signaling increases mitochondrial membrane potential through respiration-independent mechanisms. eLife 2024; 13:e84282. [PMID: 38251707 PMCID: PMC10846858 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential directly powers many critical functions of mitochondria, including ATP production, mitochondrial protein import, and metabolite transport. Its loss is a cardinal feature of aging and mitochondrial diseases, and cells closely monitor membrane potential as an indicator of mitochondrial health. Given its central importance, it is logical that cells would modulate mitochondrial membrane potential in response to demand and environmental cues, but there has been little exploration of this question. We report that loss of the Sit4 protein phosphatase in yeast increases mitochondrial membrane potential, both by inducing the electron transport chain and the phosphate starvation response. Indeed, a similarly elevated mitochondrial membrane potential is also elicited simply by phosphate starvation or by abrogation of the Pho85-dependent phosphate sensing pathway. This enhanced membrane potential is primarily driven by an unexpected activity of the ADP/ATP carrier. We also demonstrate that this connection between phosphate limitation and enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential is observed in primary and immortalized mammalian cells as well as in Drosophila. These data suggest that mitochondrial membrane potential is subject to environmental stimuli and intracellular signaling regulation and raise the possibility for therapeutic enhancement of mitochondrial function even in defective mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyun Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Corey N Cunningham
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jordan A Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Ashish G Toshniwal
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Casey E Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Kristina Seiler
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | | | - Ahmad A Cluntun
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Geanette Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Emel Akdogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç UniversityİstanbulTurkey
| | - Katja K Dove
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Sara M Nowinski
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Matthew West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Cory D Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç UniversityİstanbulTurkey
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Dennis R Winge
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Medicine, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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6
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Tiwary V, Galow AM, Wojtovich AP, Peleg S. Using light to drive energy transduction in metazoan aging. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:920-922. [PMID: 37704489 PMCID: PMC10592090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central hallmark of aging and energy transduction is a promising target for longevity interventions. New research suggests that interventions in how energy is transduced could benefit healthy longevity. Here, we propose using light as an alternative energy source to fuel mitochondria and increase metazoan lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Tiwary
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism, and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Shahaf Peleg
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism, and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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7
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Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G. Exploring Molecular Targets for Mitochondrial Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12486. [PMID: 37569861 PMCID: PMC10419704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive deterioration of function and structure of brain cells in neurodegenerative diseases is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, affecting cellular metabolism, intracellular signaling, cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and the activation of programmed cell death. However, most of the efforts to develop therapies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease have focused on restoring or maintaining the neurotransmitters in affected neurons, removing abnormal protein aggregates through immunotherapies, or simply treating symptomatology. However, none of these approaches to treating neurodegeneration can stop or reverse the disease other than by helping to maintain mental function and manage behavioral symptoms. Here, we discuss alternative molecular targets for neurodegeneration treatments that focus on mitochondrial functions, including regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) transport, protein modification, regulation of glucose metabolism, antioxidants, metal chelators, vitamin supplementation, and mitochondrial transference to compromised neurons. After pre-clinical evaluation and studies in animal models, some of these therapeutic compounds have advanced to clinical trials and are expected to have positive outcomes in subjects with neurodegeneration. These mitochondria-targeted therapeutic agents are an alternative to established or conventional molecular targets that have shown limited effectiveness in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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8
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Rottenberg H. The Reduction in the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Aging: The Role of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12295. [PMID: 37569671 PMCID: PMC10418870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely reported that the mitochondrial membrane potential, ∆Ψm, is reduced in aging animals. It was recently suggested that the lower ∆Ψm in aged animals modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and that this effect is a major cause of aging since artificially increased ∆Ψm in C. elegans increased lifespan. Here, I critically review studies that reported reduction in ∆Ψm in aged animals, including worms, and conclude that many of these observations are best interpreted as evidence that the fraction of depolarized mitochondria is increased in aged cells because of the enhanced activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP. Activation of the voltage-gated mPTP depolarizes the mitochondria, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, releases large amounts of calcium and mROS, and depletes cellular NAD+, thus accelerating degenerative diseases and aging. Since the inhibition of mPTP was shown to restore ∆Ψm and to retard aging, the reported lifespan extension by artificially generated ∆Ψm in C. elegans is best explained by inhibition of the voltage-gated mPTP. Similarly, the reported activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response by reduction in ∆Ψm and the reported preservation of ∆Ψm in dietary restriction treatment in C. elegans are best explained as resulting from activation or inhibition of the voltage-gated mPTP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Rottenberg
- New Hope Biomedical R&D, 23 W. Bridge Street, New Hope, PA 18938, USA
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9
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Vlasova A, Polyakova A, Gromova A, Dolotova S, Bukhalovich S, Bagaeva D, Bondarev N, Tsybrov F, Kovalev K, Mikhailov A, Sidorov D, Bogorodskiy A, Ilyinsky N, Kuklin A, Vlasov A, Borshchevskiy V, Ivanovich V. Optogenetic cytosol acidification of mammalian cells using an inward proton-pumping rhodopsin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124949. [PMID: 37224908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion gradients are a universal form of energy, information storage and conversion in living cells. Advances in optogenetics inspire the development of novel tools towards control of different cellular processes with light. Rhodopsins are perspective tools for optogenetic manipulation of ion gradients in cells and subcellular compartments, controlling pH of the cytosol and intracellular organelles. The key step of the development of new optogenetic tools is evaluation of their efficiency. Here, we used a high-throughput quantitative method for comparing efficiency of proton-pumping rhodopsins in Escherichia coli cells. This approach allowed us to show that an inward proton pump xenorhodopsin from Nanosalina sp. (NsXeR) is a powerful tool for optogenetic control of pH of mammalian subcellular compartments. Further, we demonstrate that NsXeR can be used for fast optogenetic acidification of the cytosol of mammalian cells. This is the first evidence of optogenetic cytosol acidification by an inward proton pump at physiological pH values. Our approach offers unique opportunities to study cellular metabolism at normal and pathological conditions and might help to understand the role of pH dysregulation in cellular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vlasova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Polyakova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Gromova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - S Dolotova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Bukhalovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D Bagaeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - N Bondarev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - F Tsybrov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - K Kovalev
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mikhailov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D Sidorov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - N Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - A Vlasov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - V Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.
| | - V Ivanovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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10
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Berry BJ, Pharaoh GA, Marcinek DJ. From mitochondria to cells to humans: Targeting bioenergetics in aging and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106391. [PMID: 36806357 PMCID: PMC10033341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In vivo control over metabolism is at the cutting edge of biomedical research. The particulars of mitochondrial function are especially important to understand in vivo to progress metabolic therapies that will be relevant for diseases of aging. Understanding the differences between how mitochondria function in vitro versus in vivo will be a necessary challenge to overcome to achieve mitochondrial medicine. In this article we outline how discoveries in invertebrate models will be informative for understanding the basic biology of mitochondria to streamline translation to mammals and eventually to humans. Further, we highlight examples of how what is known about mitochondria in vitro is translatable to in vivo models and, in some cases, to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Gavin A Pharaoh
- University of Washington, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South Lake Union Campus, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Box 358050, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - David J Marcinek
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington, Department of Radiology, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South Lake Union Campus, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Box 358050, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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11
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Preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential is necessary for lifespan extension from dietary restriction. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00766-w. [PMID: 36877298 PMCID: PMC10400507 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in many organisms, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Mitochondria play a central role in metabolic regulation and are known to undergo changes in structure and function in response to DR. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) is the driving force for ATP production and mitochondrial outputs that integrate many cellular signals. One such signal regulated by Δψm is nutrient-status sensing. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DR promotes longevity through preserved Δψm during adulthood. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we find that Δψm declines with age relatively early in the lifespan, and this decline is attenuated by DR. Pharmacologic depletion of Δψm blocked the longevity and health benefits of DR. Genetic perturbation of Δψm and mitochondrial ATP availability similarly prevented lifespan extension from DR. Taken together, this study provides further evidence that appropriate regulation of Δψm is a critical factor for health and longevity in response to DR.
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12
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Berry BJ, Vodičková A, Müller-Eigner A, Meng C, Ludwig C, Kaeberlein M, Peleg S, Wojtovich AP. Optogenetic rejuvenation of mitochondrial membrane potential extends C. elegans lifespan. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:157-161. [PMID: 36873708 PMCID: PMC9980297 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in aging but the exact biological causes are still being determined. Here, we show that optogenetically increasing mitochondrial membrane potential during adulthood using a light-activated proton pump improves age-associated phenotypes and extends lifespan in C. elegans. Our findings provide direct causal evidence that rescuing the age-related decline in mitochondrial membrane potential is sufficient to slow the rate of aging and extend healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Seattle WA, 98195, United States of America
| | - Anežka Vodičková
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604. United States of America
| | - Annika Müller-Eigner
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, 18147, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Seattle WA, 98195, United States of America
| | - Shahaf Peleg
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, 18147, Germany
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604. United States of America
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13
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Harnessing light energy to charge mitochondria and extend lifespan. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:151-152. [PMID: 37118116 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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A reversible mitochondrial complex I thiol switch mediates hypoxic avoidance behavior in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2403. [PMID: 35504873 PMCID: PMC9064984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
C. elegans react to metabolic distress caused by mismatches in oxygen and energy status via distinct behavioral responses. At the molecular level, these responses are coordinated by under-characterized, redox-sensitive processes, thought to initiate in mitochondria. Complex I of the electron transport chain is a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and is canonically associated with oxidative damage following hypoxic exposure. Here, we use a combination of optogenetics and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to exert spatiotemporal control over ROS production. We demonstrate a photo-locomotory remodeling of avoidance behavior by local ROS production due to the reversible oxidation of a single thiol on the complex I subunit NDUF-2.1. Reversible thiol oxidation at this site is necessary and sufficient for the behavioral response to hypoxia, does not respond to ROS produced at more distal sites, and protects against lethal hypoxic exposure. Molecular modeling suggests that oxidation at this thiol residue alters the ability for NDUF-2.1 to coordinate electron transfer to coenzyme Q by destabilizing the Q-binding pocket, causing decreased complex I activity. Overall, site-specific ROS production regulates behavioral responses and these findings provide a mechanistic target to suppress the detrimental effects of hypoxia.
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15
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Genetically encoded tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:451-460. [PMID: 35484256 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we have seen an explosion of novel genetically encoded tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism in live cells and animals. Here, we will review the genetically encoded tools that are available, describe how these tools can be used and outline areas where future development is needed in this fast-paced field. We will focus on tools for direct measurement and manipulation of metabolites. Metabolites are master regulators of metabolism and physiology through their action on metabolic enzymes, signaling enzymes, ion channels and transcription factors, among others. We hope that this Perspective will encourage more people to use these novel reagents or even join this exciting new field to develop novel tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism.
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16
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Vodičková A, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:1-18. [PMID: 35182728 PMCID: PMC9035127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal survival and mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegeneration. The loss in mitochondrial energy production, oxidative stress, and changes in calcium handling are associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, different sites and types of mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to distinct neuropathologies. Understanding the causal or correlative relationship between changes in mitochondria and neuropathology will lead to new therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the evidence of site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial-related clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss potential therapeutic approaches, such as mitochondrial transplantation, restoration of mitochondrial function, and pharmacological alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Vodičková
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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17
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Jia Y, Yang B, Shi J, Fang D, Wang Z, Liu Y. Melatonin prevents conjugative transfer of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance genes by disrupting proton motive force. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:105978. [PMID: 34813930 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a serious problem and constitutes a threat for public health. Plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of ARGs is recognized as one of the most important pathways accounting for this global crisis. Inhibiting the conjugative transfer of resistant gene-bearing plasmids provides a feasible strategy to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here we found that melatonin, a neurohormone secreted from pineal gland, substantially inhibited the horizontal transfer of RP4-7 plasmid in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, melatonin could also suppress the conjugal frequency of different types of clinical plasmids that carrying colistin resistance gene mcr-1 rather than blaNDM or tet(X) genes. Next, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of melatonin on conjugation. As a result, we showed that the addition of melatonin markedly reduced bacterial membrane permeability and inhibited the oxidative stress. In line with these observations, the conjugative transfer-related genes were regulated accordingly. Most importantly, we uncovered that melatonin disrupted bacterial proton motive force (PMF), which is an essential bacterial energy metabolism substance and is important for conjugative process. Collectively, these results provide implications that some non-antibiotics such as melatonin are effective inhibitors of transmission of ARGs and raise a promising strategy to confront the increasing resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bingqing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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18
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Abstract
The design of the energy metabolism system in striated muscle remains a major area of investigation. Here, we review our current understanding and emerging hypotheses regarding the metabolic support of muscle contraction. Maintenance of ATP free energy, so called energy homeostasis, via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is critical to sustained contractile activity, and this major design criterion is the focus of this review. Cell volume invested in mitochondria reduces the space available for generating contractile force, and this spatial balance between mitochondria acontractile elements to meet the varying sustained power demands across muscle types is another important design criterion. This is accomplished with remarkably similar mass-specific mitochondrial protein composition across muscle types, implying that it is the organization of mitochondria within the muscle cell that is critical to supporting sustained muscle function. Beyond the production of ATP, ubiquitous distribution of ATPases throughout the muscle requires rapid distribution of potential energy across these large cells. Distribution of potential energy has long been thought to occur primarily through facilitated metabolite diffusion, but recent analysis has questioned the importance of this process under normal physiological conditions. Recent structural and functional studies have supported the hypothesis that the mitochondrial reticulum provides a rapid energy distribution system via the conduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential to maintain metabolic homeostasis during contractile activity. We extensively review this aspect of the energy metabolism design contrasting it with metabolite diffusion models and how mitochondrial structure can play a role in the delivery of energy in the striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert S Balaban
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Berry BJ, Nieves TO, Wojtovich AP. Decreased Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Activates the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021. [PMID: 34532702 PMCID: PMC8438586 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are ATP-producing organelles that also signal throughout the cell. Mitochondrial protein homeostasis is regulated through membrane potential-dependent protein import and quality control signaling. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a specific program that responds to imbalances in nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression. Mounting evidence suggests that the electrochemical gradient that powers mitochondrial function, the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), is a core regulator of the UPRmt. Here we tested this notion directly by pharmacologically dissipating Δψm and monitoring UPRmt activation. We found that chemical dissipation of Δψm using FCCP indeed activated UPRmt dose-dependently in C. elegans assayed by the HSP-60::GFP reporter strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604
| | - Tyrone O Nieves
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604
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20
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Amitrano AM, Berry BJ, Lim K, Kim KD, Waugh RE, Wojtovich AP, Kim M. Optical Control of CD8 + T Cell Metabolism and Effector Functions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666231. [PMID: 34149701 PMCID: PMC8209468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer immunotherapy is effective against hematological malignancies, it is less effective against solid tumors due in part to significant metabolic challenges present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), where infiltrated CD8+ T cells face fierce competition with cancer cells for limited nutrients. Strong metabolic suppression in the TME is often associated with impaired T cell recruitment to the tumor site and hyporesponsive effector function via T cell exhaustion. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a key role in CD8+ T cell activation, effector function, and persistence in tumors. In this study, we showed that there was an increase in overall mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, during both mouse and human CD8+ T cell activation. CD8+ T cell mitochondrial membrane potential was closely correlated with granzyme B and IFN-γ production, demonstrating the significance of mitochondria in effector T cell function. Additionally, activated CD8+ T cells that migrate on ICAM-1 and CXCL12 consumed significantly more oxygen than stationary CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration decreased the velocity of CD8+ T cell migration, indicating the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in CD8+ T cell migration. Remote optical stimulation of CD8+ T cells that express our newly developed "OptoMito-On" successfully enhanced mitochondrial ATP production and improved overall CD8+ T cell migration and effector function. Our study provides new insight into the effect of the mitochondrial membrane potential on CD8+ T cell effector function and demonstrates the development of a novel optogenetic technique to remotely control T cell metabolism and effector function at the target tumor site with outstanding specificity and temporospatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Amitrano
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Brandon J. Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kyun-Do Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Richard E. Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrew P. Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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21
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An energetics perspective on geroscience: mitochondrial protonmotive force and aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:1591-1604. [PMID: 33864592 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that provide energy to cells through ATP production. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been postulated to mediate cellular declines that drive biological aging. Many well-characterized hallmarks of aging may involve underlying energetic defects that stem from loss of mitochondrial function with age. Why and how mitochondrial function declines with age is an open question and one that has been difficult to answer. Mitochondria are powered by an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane known as the protonmotive force (PMF). This gradient decreases with age in several experimental models. However, it is unclear if a diminished PMF is a cause or a consequence of aging. Herein, we briefly review and define mitochondrial function, we summarize how PMF changes with age in several models, and we highlight recent studies that implicate PMF in aging biology. We also identify barriers that must be addressed for the field to progress. Emerging technology permits more precise in vivo study of mitochondria that will allow better understanding of cause and effect in metabolic models of aging. Once cause and effect can be discerned more precisely, energetics approaches to combat aging may be developed to prevent or reverse functional decline.
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22
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Berry BJ, Baldzizhar A, Nieves TO, Wojtovich AP. Neuronal AMPK coordinates mitochondrial energy sensing and hypoxia resistance in C. elegans. FASEB J 2020; 34:16333-16347. [PMID: 33058299 PMCID: PMC7756364 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001150rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms adapt to their environment through coordinated changes in mitochondrial function and metabolism. The mitochondrial protonmotive force (PMF) is an electrochemical gradient that powers ATP synthesis and adjusts metabolism to energetic demands via cellular signaling. It is unknown how or where transient PMF changes are sensed and signaled due to the lack of precise spatiotemporal control in vivo. We addressed this by expressing a light-activated proton pump in mitochondria to spatiotemporally "turn off" mitochondrial function through PMF dissipation in tissues with light. We applied our construct-mitochondria-OFF (mtOFF)-to understand how metabolic status impacts hypoxia resistance, a response that relies on mitochondrial function. Activation of mtOFF induced starvation-like behavior mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We found prophylactic mtOFF activation increased survival following hypoxia, and that protection relied on neuronal AMPK. Our study links spatiotemporal control of mitochondrial PMF to cellular metabolic changes that mediate behavior and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Aksana Baldzizhar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Tyrone O. Nieves
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Andrew P. Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
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23
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Light-Regulated Transcription of a Mitochondrial-Targeted K + Channel. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112507. [PMID: 33228123 PMCID: PMC7699372 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner membranes of mitochondria contain several types of K+ channels, which modulate the membrane potential of the organelle and contribute in this way to cytoprotection and the regulation of cell death. To better study the causal relationship between K+ channel activity and physiological changes, we developed an optogenetic platform for a light-triggered modulation of K+ conductance in mitochondria. By using the light-sensitive interaction between cryptochrome 2 and the regulatory protein CIB1, we can trigger the transcription of a small and highly selective K+ channel, which is in mammalian cells targeted into the inner membrane of mitochondria. After exposing cells to very low intensities (≤0.16 mW/mm2) of blue light, the channel protein is detectable as an accumulation of its green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag in the mitochondria less than 1 h after stimulation. This system allows for an in vivo monitoring of crucial physiological parameters of mitochondria, showing that the presence of an active K+ channel causes a substantial depolarization compatible with the effect of an uncoupler. Elevated K+ conductance also results in a decrease in the Ca2+ concentration in the mitochondria but has no impact on apoptosis.
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24
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Botchway SW, Frasch W, Calabrese EJ, Bell JD. SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing. Immun Ageing 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 33292333 PMCID: PMC7649575 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARs-COV-2 displays increasing fatality with age and underlying co-morbidity, in particular, with markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, which seems to be associated with a "cytokine storm" and an altered immune response. This suggests that a key contributory factor could be immunosenescence that is both age-related and lifestyle-induced. As the immune system itself is heavily reliant on mitochondrial function, then maintaining a healthy mitochondrial system may play a key role in resisting the virus, both directly, and indirectly by ensuring a good vaccine response. Furthermore, as viruses in general, and quite possibly this new virus, have also evolved to modulate immunometabolism and thus mitochondrial function to ensure their replication, this could further stress cellular bioenergetics. Unlike most sedentary modern humans, one of the natural hosts for the virus, the bat, has to "exercise" regularly to find food, which continually provides a powerful adaptive stimulus to maintain functional muscle and mitochondria. In effect the bat is exposed to regular hormetic stimuli, which could provide clues on how to resist this virus. In this paper we review the data that might support the idea that mitochondrial health, induced by a healthy lifestyle, could be a key factor in resisting the virus, and for those people who are perhaps not in optimal health, treatments that could support mitochondrial function might be pivotal to their long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V W Nunn
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | | | | | - Stanley W Botchway
- UKRI, STFC, Central Laser Facility, & Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX110QX, UK
| | - Wayne Frasch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
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25
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Berry BJ, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial light switches: optogenetic approaches to control metabolism. FEBS J 2020; 287:4544-4556. [PMID: 32459870 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing new technologies to study metabolism is increasingly important as metabolic disease prevalence increases. Mitochondria control cellular metabolism and dynamic changes in mitochondrial function are associated with metabolic abnormalities in cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity. However, a lack of precise and reversible methods to control mitochondrial function has prevented moving from association to causation. Recent advances in optogenetics have addressed this challenge, and mitochondrial function can now be precisely controlled in vivo using light. A class of genetically encoded, light-activated membrane channels and pumps has addressed mechanistic questions that promise to provide new insights into how cellular metabolism downstream of mitochondrial function contributes to disease. Here, we highlight emerging reagents-mitochondria-targeted light-activated cation channels or proton pumps-to decrease or increase mitochondrial activity upon light exposure, a technique we refer to as mitochondrial light switches, or mtSWITCH . The mtSWITCH technique is broadly applicable, as energy availability and metabolic signaling are conserved aspects of cellular function and health. Here, we outline the use of these tools in diverse cellular models of disease. We review the molecular details of each optogenetic tool, summarize the results obtained with each, and outline best practices for using optogenetic approaches to control mitochondrial function and downstream metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
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26
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Berry BJ, Trewin AJ, Milliken AS, Baldzizhar A, Amitrano AM, Lim Y, Kim M, Wojtovich AP. Optogenetic control of mitochondrial protonmotive force to impact cellular stress resistance. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49113. [PMID: 32043300 PMCID: PMC7132214 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration generates an electrochemical proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane called protonmotive force (PMF) to drive diverse functions and synthesize ATP. Current techniques to manipulate the PMF are limited to its dissipation; yet, there is no precise and reversible method to increase the PMF. To address this issue, we aimed to use an optogenetic approach and engineered a mitochondria-targeted light-activated proton pump that we name mitochondria-ON (mtON) to selectively increase the PMF in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we show that mtON photoactivation increases the PMF in a dose-dependent manner, supports ATP synthesis, increases resistance to mitochondrial toxins, and modulates energy-sensing behavior. Moreover, transient mtON activation during hypoxic preconditioning prevents the well-characterized adaptive response of hypoxia resistance. Our results show that optogenetic manipulation of the PMF is a powerful tool to modulate metabolism and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Alexander S Milliken
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Aksana Baldzizhar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Andrea M Amitrano
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Yunki Lim
- Nephrology DivisionDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
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