1
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Ha G, Dieterle P, Shen H, Amir A, Needleman DJ. Measuring and modeling the dynamics of mitotic error correction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2323009121. [PMID: 38875144 PMCID: PMC11194551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2323009121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Error correction is central to many biological systems and is critical for protein function and cell health. During mitosis, error correction is required for the faithful inheritance of genetic material. When functioning properly, the mitotic spindle segregates an equal number of chromosomes to daughter cells with high fidelity. Over the course of spindle assembly, many initially erroneous attachments between kinetochores and microtubules are fixed through the process of error correction. Despite the importance of chromosome segregation errors in cancer and other diseases, there is a lack of methods to characterize the dynamics of error correction and how it can go wrong. Here, we present an experimental method and analysis framework to quantify chromosome segregation error correction in human tissue culture cells with live cell confocal imaging, timed premature anaphase, and automated counting of kinetochores after cell division. We find that errors decrease exponentially over time during spindle assembly. A coarse-grained model, in which errors are corrected in a chromosome-autonomous manner at a constant rate, can quantitatively explain both the measured error correction dynamics and the distribution of anaphase onset times. We further validated our model using perturbations that destabilized microtubules and changed the initial configuration of chromosomal attachments. Taken together, this work provides a quantitative framework for understanding the dynamics of mitotic error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ha
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Paul Dieterle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Hao Shen
- Reverie Labs, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Ariel Amir
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Daniel J. Needleman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
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2
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Herr LM, Schaffer ED, Fuchs KF, Datta A, Brosh RM. Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:616. [PMID: 38777831 PMCID: PMC11111458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Herr
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan D Schaffer
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Fuchs
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Lloyd E, Xia F, Moore K, Zertuche C, Rastogi A, Kozol R, Kenzior O, Warren W, Appelbaum L, Moran RL, Zhao C, Duboue E, Rohner N, Keene AC. Elevated DNA Damage without signs of aging in the short-sleeping Mexican Cavefish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590174. [PMID: 38659770 PMCID: PMC11042282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of sleep has widespread health consequences and represents an enormous health burden. Short-sleeping individuals are predisposed to the effects of neurodegeneration, suggesting a critical role for sleep in the maintenance of neuronal health. While the effects of sleep on cellular function are not completely understood, growing evidence has identified an association between sleep loss and DNA damage, raising the possibility that sleep facilitates efficient DNA repair. The Mexican tetra fish, Astyanax mexicanus provides a model to investigate the evolutionary basis for changes in sleep and the consequences of sleep loss. Multiple cave-adapted populations of these fish have evolved to sleep for substantially less time compared to surface populations of the same species without identifiable impacts on healthspan or longevity. To investigate whether the evolved sleep loss is associated with DNA damage and cellular stress, we compared the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and oxidative stress levels between A. mexicanus populations. We measured markers of chronic sleep loss and discovered elevated levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX in the brain, and increased oxidative stress in the gut of cavefish, consistent with chronic sleep deprivation. Notably, we found that acute UV-induced DNA damage elicited an increase in sleep in surface fish but not in cavefish. On a transcriptional level, only the surface fish activated the photoreactivation repair pathway following UV damage. These findings suggest a reduction of the DDR in cavefish compared to surface fish that coincides with elevated DNA damage in cavefish. To examine DDR pathways at a cellular level, we created an embryonic fibroblast cell line from the two populations of A. mexicanus. We observed that both the DDR and DNA repair were diminished in the cavefish cells, corroborating the in vivo findings and suggesting that the acute response to DNA damage is lost in cavefish. To investigate the long-term impact of these changes, we compared the transcriptome in the brain and gut of aged surface fish and cavefish. Strikingly, many genes that are differentially expressed between young and old surface fish do not transcriptionally vary by age in cavefish. Taken together, these findings suggest that have developed resilience to sleep loss, despite possessing cellular hallmarks of chronic sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Fanning Xia
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Kinsley Moore
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Carolina Zertuche
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Aakriti Rastogi
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Rob Kozol
- Harriet Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Olga Kenzior
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Wesley Warren
- Department of Genomics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- Faculty of Life Science and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Illan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Erik Duboue
- Harriet Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
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4
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Marcon F, Giunta S, Bignami M. Emerging roles of DNA repair factors in the stability of centromeres. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-129. [PMID: 37852903 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Satellite DNA sequences are an integral part of centromeres, regions critical for faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Because of their complex repetitive structure, satellite DNA may act as a barrier to DNA replication and other DNA based transactions ultimately resulting in chromosome breakage. Over the past two decades, several DNA repair proteins have been shown to bind and function at centromeres. While the importance of these repair factors is highlighted by various structural and numerical chromosome aberrations resulting from their inactivation, their roles in helping to maintain genome stability by solving the intrinsic difficulties of satellite DNA replication or promoting their repair are just starting to emerge. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of DNA repair and DNA damage response proteins in maintaining the structure and function of centromeres in different contexts. We also report the recent connection between the roles of specific DNA repair factors at these genomic loci with age-related increase of chromosomal instability under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcon
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Giunta
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Margherita Bignami
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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5
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Mattiello L, Soliman Abdel Rehim S, Manic G, Vitale I. Assessment of cell cycle progression and mitotic slippage by videomicroscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 181:43-58. [PMID: 38302243 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is activated in response to a variety of damaging stimuli, including genotoxic therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitotic stress also promotes entry into senescence. This occurs via a mechanism involving defective mitoses and mitotic arrest, followed by abortion of cell division and slippage in the G1 phase. In this process, mitotic slippage leads to the generation of senescent cells characterized by a large cell body and a multinucleated and/or enlarged nuclear size. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the assessment of cell proliferation and mitotic slippage in colorectal cancer cells upon pharmacological inhibition of the mitotic kinesin KIF11, best known as EG5. This approach can be used for preliminary characterization of senescence induction by therapeutics, but requires validation with standard senescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mattiello
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sara Soliman Abdel Rehim
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
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6
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Milagre I, Pereira C, Oliveira RA. Compromised Mitotic Fidelity in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11933. [PMID: 37569309 PMCID: PMC10418648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which include both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, are widely used in fundamental and applied biomedical research. They have been instrumental for better understanding development and cell differentiation processes, disease origin and progression and can aid in the discovery of new drugs. PSCs also hold great potential in regenerative medicine to treat or diminish the effects of certain debilitating diseases, such as degenerative disorders. However, some concerns have recently been raised over their safety for use in regenerative medicine. One of the major concerns is the fact that PSCs are prone to errors in passing the correct number of chromosomes to daughter cells, resulting in aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy, characterised by an imbalance in chromosome number, elicits the upregulation of different stress pathways that are deleterious to cell homeostasis, impair proper embryo development and potentiate cancer development. In this review, we will summarize known molecular mechanisms recently revealed to impair mitotic fidelity in human PSCs and the consequences of the decreased mitotic fidelity of these cells. We will finish with speculative views on how the physiological characteristics of PSCs can affect the mitotic machinery and how their suboptimal mitotic fidelity may be circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Milagre
- Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Raquel A. Oliveira
- Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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7
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Towards prevention of aneuploidy-associated cellular senescence and aging: more questions than answers? MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108474. [PMID: 37866738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss how aneuploidy contributes to the aging process, and to identify plausible strategies for its prevention. After an overview of mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and the major features of cellular senescence, we discuss the link between (i) aneuploidy and cellular senescence; (ii) aneuploidy and aging; and (iii) cellular senescence and aging. We also consider (i) interactions between aneuploidy, micronuclei, cellular senescence and aging, (ii) the potential of nutritional treatments to prevent aneuploidy-associated senescence and aging, and (iii) knowledge and technological gaps. Evidence for a causal link between aneuploidy, senescence and aging is emerging. In vitro, aneuploidy accompanies the entry into cellular senescence and can itself induce senescence. How aneuploidy contributes in vivo to cellular senescence is less clear. Several routes depending on aneuploidy and/or senescence converge towards chronic inflammation, the major driver of unhealthy aging. Aneuploidy can induce the pro-inflammatory Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), either directly or as a result of micronucleus (MN) induction leading to leakage of DNA into the cytoplasm and triggering of the cGAS-STING pathway of innate immune response. A major difficulty in understanding the impact of aneuploidy on senescence and aging in vivo, results from the heterogeneity of cellular senescence in different tissues at the cytological and molecular level. Due to this complexity, there is at the present time no biomarker or biomarker combination characteristic for all types of senescent cells. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the critical role aneuploidy plays in cellular senescence and aging is essential to devise practical strategies to protect human populations from aneuploidy-associated pathologies. We discuss emerging evidence, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that adequate amounts of specific micronutrients are essential for prevention of aneuploidy in humans and that precise nutritional intervention may be essential to help avoid the scourge of aneuploidy-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia.
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8
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Goutas A, Outskouni Z, Papathanasiou I, Georgakopoulou A, Karpetas GE, Gonos ES, Trachana V. The establishment of mitotic errors-driven senescence depends on autophagy. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102701. [PMID: 37094517 PMCID: PMC10149375 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have reported that senescence onset is accompanied by genomic instability that is evident by several defects, such as aneuploidy or erroneous mitosis features. Here, we report that these defects also appear in young cells upon oxidative insult. We provide evidence that these errors could be the consequence of oxidative stress (OS)- either exogenous or senescence-associated - overriding the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Young cells treated with Η2Ο2 as well as older cells fail to maintain mitotic arrest in the presence of spindle poisons and a significant higher percentage of them have supernumerary centrosomes and centrosome related anomalous characteristics. We also report that aging is escorted by expression modifications of SAC components, and especially of Bub1b/BubR1. Bub1b/BubR1 has been previously reported to decrease naturally upon aging. Here, we show that there is an initial increase in Bub1b/BubR1 levels, feasibly as part of the cells' response against OS-driven genomic instability, that is followed by its autophagy dependent degradation. This provides an explanation that was missing regarding the molecular entity responsible for the downregulation of Bub1b/BubR1 upon aging, especially since it is well established, by us and others, that the proteasome function decays as cells age. These results, not only serve the previously reported notion of a shift from proteasome to autophagy-dependent degradation upon aging, but also provide a mechanistic insight for mitotic errors-driven senescence. We believe that our conclusions deepen our understanding regarding the homeostatic function of autophagy that serves the establishment of senescence as a barrier against cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece.
| | - Zozo Outskouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Papathanasiou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece.
| | - Aphrodite Georgakopoulou
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT) Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, 57010, Greece.
| | - Georgios E Karpetas
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece.
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, 11521, Greece; Institute of Biology, Medical Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece.
| | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece.
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9
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Compound combinations targeting longevity: Challenges and perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101851. [PMID: 36642188 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the world's greatest concerns, requiring urgent, effective, large-scale interventions to decrease the number of late-life chronic diseases and improve human healthspan. Anti-aging drug therapy is one of the most promising strategies to combat the effects of aging. However, most geroprotective compounds are known to successfully affect only a few aging-related targets. Given this, there is a great biological rationale for the use of combinations of anti-aging interventions. In this review, we characterize the various types of compound combinations used to modulate lifespan, discuss the existing evidence on their role in life extension, and present some key points about current challenges and future prospects for the development of combination drug anti-aging therapy.
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10
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Deng C, Ya A, Compton DA, Godek KM. A pluripotent developmental state confers a low fidelity of chromosome segregation. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:475-488. [PMID: 36638786 PMCID: PMC9968987 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During in vitro propagation, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) frequently become aneuploid with incorrect chromosome numbers due to mitotic chromosome segregation errors. Yet, it is not understood why hPSCs exhibit a low mitotic fidelity. Here, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for mitotic errors in hPSCs and show that the primary cause is lagging chromosomes in anaphase with improper merotelic microtubule attachments. Accordingly, short-term treatment (<24 h) with small molecules that prolong mitotic duration or destabilize chromosome microtubule attachments reduces merotelic errors and lagging chromosome rates, although hPSCs adapt and lagging chromosome rates rebound upon long-term (>24 h) microtubule destabilization. Strikingly, we also demonstrate that mitotic error rates correlate with developmental potential decreasing or increasing upon loss or gain of pluripotency, respectively. Thus, a low mitotic fidelity is an inherent and conserved phenotype of hPSCs. Moreover, chromosome segregation fidelity depends on developmental state in normal human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Amanda Ya
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kristina M Godek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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11
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Lee JH, Park J, Shin DW. The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols with Anti-Aging Activity in Aged Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144351. [PMID: 35889225 PMCID: PMC9322955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in the body comprised of three different layers including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The dermis is mainly composed of dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen and elastin, which are strongly related to skin elasticity and firmness. Skin is continuously exposed to different kinds of environmental stimuli. For example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air pollutants, or smoking aggravates skin aging. These external stimuli accelerate the aging process by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling pathways and even cause aging-related diseases. Skin aging is characterized by elasticity loss, wrinkle formation, a reduced dermal-epidermal junction, and delayed wound healing. Thus, many studies have shown that natural polyphenol compounds can delay the aging process by regulating age-related signaling pathways in aged dermal fibroblasts. This review first highlights the relationship between aging and its related molecular mechanisms. Then, we discuss the function and underlying mechanism of various polyphenols for improving skin aging. This study may provide essential insights for developing functional cosmetics and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwa Lee
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-840-3693
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12
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Abstract
Aneuploidy, a genomic alternation characterized by deviations in the copy number of chromosomes, affects organisms from early development through to aging. Although it is a main cause of human pregnancy loss and a hallmark of cancer, how aneuploidy affects cellular function has been elusive. The last two decades have seen rapid advances in the understanding of the causes and consequences of aneuploidy at the molecular and cellular levels. These studies have uncovered effects of aneuploidy that can be beneficial or detrimental to cells and organisms in an environmental context-dependent and karyotype-dependent manner. Aneuploidy also imposes general stress on cells that stems from an imbalanced genome and, consequently, also an imbalanced proteome. These insights provide the fundamental framework for understanding the impact of aneuploidy in genome evolution, human pathogenesis and drug resistance.
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13
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Lukow DA, Sheltzer JM. Chromosomal instability and aneuploidy as causes of cancer drug resistance. Trends Cancer 2021; 8:43-53. [PMID: 34593353 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High levels of aneuploidy and chromosomal instability (CIN) are correlated with poor patient outcomes, though the mechanism(s) underlying this relationship have not been established. Recent evidence has demonstrated that chromosome copy number changes can function as point mutation-independent sources of drug resistance in cancer, which may partially explain this clinical association. CIN generates intratumoral heterogeneity in the form of gene dosage alterations, upon which the selective pressures induced by drug treatments can act. Thus, although CIN and aneuploidy impair cell fitness under most conditions, CIN can augment cellular adaptability, establishing CIN as a bet-hedging mechanism in tumor evolution. CIN may also endow cancers with unique vulnerabilities, which could be exploited therapeutically to achieve better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon A Lukow
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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14
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Joy J, Barrio L, Santos-Tapia C, Romão D, Giakoumakis NN, Clemente-Ruiz M, Milán M. Proteostasis failure and mitochondrial dysfunction leads to aneuploidy-induced senescence. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2043-2058.e7. [PMID: 34216545 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, an unbalanced number of chromosomes, is highly deleterious at the cellular level and leads to senescence, a stress-induced response characterized by permanent cell-cycle arrest and a well-defined associated secretory phenotype. Here, we use a Drosophila epithelial model to delineate the pathway that leads to the induction of senescence as a consequence of the acquisition of an aneuploid karyotype. Whereas aneuploidy induces, as a result of gene dosage imbalance, proteotoxic stress and activation of the major protein quality control mechanisms, near-saturation functioning of autophagy leads to compromised mitophagy, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, and the production of radical oxygen species (ROS). We uncovered a role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in driving senescence as a consequence of dysfunctional mitochondria and ROS. We show that activation of the major protein quality control mechanisms and mitophagy dampens the deleterious effects of aneuploidy, and we identify a role of senescence in proteostasis and compensatory proliferation for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jery Joy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Barrio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Santos-Tapia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Romão
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Nikiforos Giakoumakis
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Clemente-Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Dai X, Guo X. Decoding and rejuvenating human ageing genomes: Lessons from mosaic chromosomal alterations. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101342. [PMID: 33866012 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most curious findings emerged from genome-wide studies over the last decade was that genetic mosaicism is a dominant feature of human ageing genomes. The clonal dominance of genetic mosaicism occurs preceding the physiological and physical ageing and associates with propensity for diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These findings are revolutionizing the ways biologists thinking about health and disease pathogenesis. Among all mosaic mutations in ageing genomes, mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) have the most significant functional consequences because they can produce intercellular genomic variations simultaneously involving dozens to hundreds or even thousands genes, and therefore have most profound effects in human ageing and disease etiology. Here, we provide a comprehensive picture of the landscapes, causes, consequences and rejuvenation of mCAs at multiple scales, from cell to human population, by reviewing data from cytogenetic, genetic and genomic studies in cells, animal models (fly and mouse) and, more frequently, large-cohort populations. A detailed decoding of ageing genomes with a focus on mCAs may yield important insights into the genomic architecture of human ageing, accelerate the risk stratification of age-related diseases (particularly cancers) and development of novel targets and strategies for delaying or rejuvenating human (genome) ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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16
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Iourov IY, Yurov YB, Vorsanova SG, Kutsev SI. Chromosome Instability, Aging and Brain Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051256. [PMID: 34069648 PMCID: PMC8161106 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) has been repeatedly associated with aging and progeroid phenotypes. Moreover, brain-specific CIN seems to be an important element of pathogenic cascades leading to neurodegeneration in late adulthood. Alternatively, CIN and aneuploidy (chromosomal loss/gain) syndromes exhibit accelerated aging phenotypes. Molecularly, cellular senescence, which seems to be mediated by CIN and aneuploidy, is likely to contribute to brain aging in health and disease. However, there is no consensus about the occurrence of CIN in the aging brain. As a result, the role of CIN/somatic aneuploidy in normal and pathological brain aging is a matter of debate. Still, taking into account the effects of CIN on cellular homeostasis, the possibility of involvement in brain aging is highly likely. More importantly, the CIN contribution to neuronal cell death may be responsible for neurodegeneration and the aging-related deterioration of the brain. The loss of CIN-affected neurons probably underlies the contradiction between reports addressing ontogenetic changes of karyotypes within the aged brain. In future studies, the combination of single-cell visualization and whole-genome techniques with systems biology methods would certainly define the intrinsic role of CIN in the aging of the normal and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y. Iourov
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-109-03-93 (ext. 3500)
| | - Yuri B. Yurov
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Vorsanova
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Abdelgawad IY, Sadak KT, Lone DW, Dabour MS, Niedernhofer LJ, Zordoky BN. Molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular implications of cancer therapy-induced senescence. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107751. [PMID: 33275998 PMCID: PMC8084867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been associated with accelerated aging that can lead to early-onset health complications typically experienced by older populations. In particular, cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing premature cardiovascular complications. In the last two decades, cellular senescence has been proposed as an important mechanism of premature cardiovascular diseases. Cancer treatments, specifically anthracyclines and radiation, have been shown to induce senescence in different types of cardiovascular cells. Additionally, clinical studies identified increased systemic markers of senescence in cancer survivors. Preclinical research has demonstrated the potential of several approaches to mitigate cancer therapy-induced senescence. However, strategies to prevent and/or treat therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence have not yet been translated to the clinic. In this review, we will discuss how therapy-induced senescence can contribute to cardiovascular complications. Thereafter, we will summarize the current in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding cancer therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence. Then, we will discuss interventional strategies that have the potential to protect against therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence. To conclude, we will highlight challenges and future research directions to mitigate therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Abdelgawad
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karim T Sadak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Diana W Lone
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mohamed S Dabour
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beshay N Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Prašnikar E, Borišek J, Perdih A. Senescent cells as promising targets to tackle age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101251. [PMID: 33385543 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population progressively ages, the burden on the socio-economic and health systems is escalating, demanding sustainable and lasting solutions. Cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of ageing, is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various genotoxic stressors and is considered an important factor in the development of many age-related diseases and therefore a potential therapeutic target. Here, the role of senescent cells in age-related diseases is discussed, focusing on their formation and main characteristics. The mechanisms leading to senescent cells are presented, including replicative and premature senescence as well as senescence that occurs in various physiological processes, such as wound healing. The second part comprises a comprehensive description of various biomarkers currently used for the detection of senescent cells along with the investigated therapeutic approaches, namely senolytics, senomorphics and the clearance of senescent cells by the immune system. Potential delivery systems suitable for such therapies and model organisms to study senescence are also briefly examined. This in-depth overview of cellular senescence contributes to a deeper understanding of a rapidly evolving area aimed to tackle the age-related diseases in a more mechanistic way, as well as highlights future research opportunities.
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19
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Vasudevan A, Schukken KM, Sausville EL, Girish V, Adebambo OA, Sheltzer JM. Aneuploidy as a promoter and suppressor of malignant growth. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:89-103. [PMID: 33432169 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy has been recognized as a hallmark of tumorigenesis for more than 100 years, but the connection between chromosomal errors and malignant growth has remained obscure. New evidence emerging from both basic and clinical research has illuminated a complicated relationship: despite its frequency in human tumours, aneuploidy is not a universal driver of cancer development and instead can exert substantial tumour-suppressive effects. The specific consequences of aneuploidy are highly context dependent and are influenced by a cell's genetic and environmental milieu. In this Review, we discuss the diverse facets of cancer biology that are shaped by aneuploidy, including metastasis, drug resistance and immune recognition, and we highlight aneuploidy's distinct roles as both a tumour promoter and an anticancer vulnerability.
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20
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Proshkina EN, Solovev IA, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Key Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Biomarkers, and Potential Interventions. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Resnik SR, Egger A, Abdo Abujamra B, Jozic I. Clinical Implications of Cellular Senescence on Wound Healing. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Guo X, Dai X, Wu X, Zhou T, Ni J, Xue J, Wang X. Understanding the birth of rupture-prone and irreparable micronuclei. Chromosoma 2020; 129:181-200. [PMID: 32671520 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Micronuclei are extra-nuclear bodies mainly derived from ana-telophase lagging chromosomes/chromatins (LCs) that are not incorporated into primary nuclei at mitotic exit. Unlike primary nuclei, most micronuclei are enclosed by nuclear envelope (NE) that is highly susceptible to spontaneous and irreparable rupture. Ruptured micronuclei act as triggers of chromothripsis-like chaotic chromosomal rearrangements and cGAS-mediated innate immunity and inflammation, raising the view that micronuclei play active roles in human aging and tumorigenesis. Thus, understanding the ways in which micronuclear envelope (mNE) goes awry acquires increased importance. Here, we review the data to present a general framework for this question. We firstly describe NE reassembly after mitosis and NE repair during interphase. Simultaneously, we briefly discuss how mNE is organized and how mNE rupture controls the fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells. As a focus of this review, we highlight current knowledge about why mNE is rupture-prone and irreparable. For this, we survey observations from a series of elegant studies to provide a systematic overview. We conclude that the birth of rupture-prone and irreparable micronuclei may be the cumulative effects of their intracellular geographic origins, biophysical properties, and specific mNE features. We propose that DNA damage and immunogenicity in micronuclei increase stepwise from altered mNE components, mNE rupture, and refractory to repair. Throughout our discussion, we note interesting issues in mNE fragility that have yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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23
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Tovini L, McClelland SE. Towards restoring proper chromosome segregation and preventing ageing. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50322. [PMID: 32346980 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural progressive dysfunction of most living organisms-ageing-has captured the attention of several studies, with the intention to develop rejuvenation strategies. Evidence is emerging of a positive correlation between natural ageing and chromosomal instability (CIN). In this issue of EMBO Reports, Barroso-Vilares et al [1] now show a link between ageing and the erroneous assembly of the apparatus required for a proper cellular division. They compare this mechanism in young and naturally aged human cells and describe a strategy to delay age-related CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tovini
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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24
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Barroso-Vilares M, Macedo JC, Reis M, Warren JD, Compton D, Logarinho E. Small-molecule inhibition of aging-associated chromosomal instability delays cellular senescence. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49248. [PMID: 32134180 PMCID: PMC7202060 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to the rate at which cells are unable to properly segregate whole chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy. Besides its prevalence in cancer cells and postulated implications in promoting tumorigenesis, studies in aneuploidy‐prone mouse models uncovered an unanticipated link between CIN and aging. Using young to old‐aged human dermal fibroblasts, we observed a dysfunction of the mitotic machinery arising with age that mildly perturbs chromosome segregation fidelity and contributes to the generation of fully senescent cells. Here, we investigated mitotic mechanisms that contribute to age‐associated CIN. We found that elderly cells have an increased number of stable kinetochore–microtubule (k‐MT) attachments and decreased efficiency in the correction of improper k‐MT interactions. Chromosome mis‐segregation rates in old‐aged cells decreased upon both genetic and small‐molecule enhancement of MT‐depolymerizing kinesin‐13 activity. Notably, restored chromosome segregation accuracy inhibited the phenotypes of cellular senescence. Therefore, we provide mechanistic insight into age‐associated CIN and disclose a strategy for the use of a small‐molecule to inhibit age‐associated CIN and to delay the cellular hallmarks of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Barroso-Vilares
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Programa doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana C Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessica D Warren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Duane Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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