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Wei M, He X, Liu N, Deng H. Role of reactive oxygen species in ultraviolet-induced photodamage of the skin. Cell Div 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38217019 PMCID: PMC10787507 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxides (O2 •-) and hydroxyl groups (OH·), are short-lived molecules containing unpaired electrons. Intracellular ROS are believed to be mainly produced by the mitochondria and NADPH oxidase (NOX) and can be associated with various physiological processes, such as proliferation, cell signaling, and oxygen homeostasis. In recent years, many studies have indicated that ROS play crucial roles in regulating ultraviolet (UV)-induced photodamage of the skin, including exogenous aging, which accounts for 80% of aging. However, to the best of our knowledge, the detailed signaling pathways, especially those related to the mechanisms underlying apoptosis in which ROS are involved have not been reviewed previously. In this review, we elaborate on the biological characteristics of ROS and its role in regulating UV-induced photodamage of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Urwyler-Rösselet C, Tanghe G, Devos M, Hulpiau P, Saeys Y, Declercq W. Functions of the RIP kinase family members in the skin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:285. [PMID: 37688617 PMCID: PMC10492769 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that are involved in the integration of various stress signals. In response to several extracellular and/or intracellular stimuli, RIP kinases engage signaling cascades leading to the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, cell death, inflammation, differentiation and Wnt signaling and can have kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions. Although it was previously suggested that seven RIPKs are part of the RIPK family, phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are only five genuine RIPKs. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are mainly involved in controlling and executing necroptosis in keratinocytes, while RIPK4 controls proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and thereby can act as a tumor suppressor in skin. Therefore, in this review we summarize and discuss the functions of RIPKs in skin homeostasis as well as the signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Urwyler-Rösselet
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giel Tanghe
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Devos
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Howest University of Applied Sciences, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Sakakibara N, Clavijo PE, Sievers C, Gray VC, King KE, George AL, Ponnamperuma RM, Walter BA, Chen Z, Van Waes C, Allen CT, Weinberg WC. Oncogenic Ras and ΔNp63α cooperate to recruit immunosuppressive polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a mouse model of squamous cancer pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200970. [PMID: 37638000 PMCID: PMC10449460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amplification of human chromosome 3q26-29, which encodes oncoprotein ΔNp63 among other isoforms of the p63 family, is a feature common to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of multiple tissue origins. Along with overexpression of ΔNp63, activation of the protooncogene, RAS, whether by overexpression or oncogenic mutation, is frequently observed in many cancers. In this study, analysis of transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrated that expression of TP63 mRNA, particularly ΔNp63 isoforms, and HRAS are significantly elevated in advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCCs), suggesting pathological significance. However, how co-overexpressed ΔNp63 and HRAS affect the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is incompletely understood. Methods Here, we established and characterized an immune competent mouse model using primary keratinocytes with retroviral-mediated overexpression of ΔNp63α and constitutively activated HRAS (v-rasHa G12R) to evaluate the role of these oncogenes in the immune TME. Results In this model, orthotopic grafting of wildtype syngeneic keratinocytes expressing both v-rasHa and elevated levels of ΔNp63α consistently yield carcinomas in syngeneic hosts, while cells expressing v-rasHa alone yield predominantly papillomas. We found that polymorphonuclear (PMN) myeloid cells, experimentally validated to be immunosuppressive and thus representing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), were significantly recruited into the TME of carcinomas arising early following orthotopic grafting of ΔNp63α/v-rasHa-expressing keratinocytes. ΔNp63α/v-rasHa-driven carcinomas expressed higher levels of chemokines implicated in recruitment of MDSCs compared to v-rasHa-initiated tumors, providing a heretofore undescribed link between ΔNp63α/HRAS-driven carcinomas and the development of an immunosuppressive TME. Conclusion These results support the utilization of a genetic carcinogenesis model harboring specific genomic drivers of malignancy to study mechanisms underlying the development of local immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Sakakibara
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Paúl E. Clavijo
- Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cem Sievers
- Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veronica C. Gray
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn E. King
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Andrea L. George
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Roshini M. Ponnamperuma
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Beatriz A. Walter
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint T. Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wendy C. Weinberg
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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4
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Koerner L, Schmiel M, Yang TP, Peifer M, Buettner R, Pasparakis M. NEMO- and RelA-dependent NF-κB signaling promotes small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:938-951. [PMID: 36653597 PMCID: PMC10070460 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive type of lung cancer driven by combined loss of the tumor suppressors RB1 and TP53. SCLC is highly metastatic and despite good initial response to chemotherapy patients usually relapse, resulting in poor survival. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms driving SCLC pathogenesis is required to identify new therapeutic targets. Here we identified a critical role of the IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway in SCLC development. Using a relevant mouse model of SCLC, we found that ablation of NEMO/IKKγ, the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex that is essential for activation of canonical NF-κB signaling, strongly delayed the onset and growth of SCLC resulting in considerably prolonged survival. In addition, ablation of the main NF-κB family member p65/RelA also delayed the onset and growth of SCLC and prolonged survival, albeit to a lesser extent than NEMO. Interestingly, constitutive activation of IKK/NF-κB signaling within the tumor cells did not exacerbate the pathogenesis of SCLC, suggesting that endogenous NF-κB levels are sufficient to fully support tumor development. Moreover, TNFR1 deficiency did not affect the development of SCLC, showing that TNF signaling does not play an important role in this tumor type. Taken together, our results revealed that IKK/NF-κB signaling plays an important role in promoting SCLC, identifying the IKK/NF-κB pathway as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioba Koerner
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Schmiel
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tsun-Po Yang
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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5
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Steinhoff M, Alam M, Ahmad A, Uddin S, Buddenkotte J. Targeting oncogenic transcription factors in skin malignancies: An update on cancer stemness and therapeutic outcomes. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:98-116. [PMID: 36372325 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and prone to various diseases, including cancer; thus, provides the first line of defense against exogenous biological and non-biological agents. Skin cancer, a complex and heterogenic process, with steep incidence rate often metastasizes due to poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and clinical challenges. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates that deregulation of transcription factors (TFs) due to genetic, epigenetic and signaling distortions plays essential role in the development of cutaneous malignancies and therapeutic challenges including cancer stemness features and reprogramming. This review highlights the recent developments exploring underlying mechanisms how deregulated TFs (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1, STAT etc.,) orchestrates cutaneous onco-pathogenesis, reprogramming, stemness and poor clinical outcomes. Along this line, bioactive drugs, and their derivatives from natural and or synthetic origin has gained attention due to their multitargeting potential, potentially safer and effective therapeutic outcome for human malignancies. We also discussed therapeutic importance of targeting aberrantly expressed TFs in skin cancers with bioactive natural products and or synthetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
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Chemopreventive Effects of Oral Pterostilbene in Multistage Carcinogenesis of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model Induced by DMBA/TPA. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112743. [PMID: 36359262 PMCID: PMC9687295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer. Pterostilbene is a natural compound proven to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including chemo-preventive effects. This study aimed to explore the chemo-preventive effect of oral pterostilbene during initiation, promotion or continuous on multistage skin SCC mouse models induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The experimental design consists of five groups of female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, with two control groups of vehicle and cancer. Three oral pterostilbene groups consisted of orally administered pterostilbene during initiation, promotion, or continuously. Oral pterostilbene significantly reduced the number and volume of tumours. Oral pterostilbene demonstrated less severe skin histology changes compared to the cancer control group, with less pleomorphic in the cells and nuclei, and the basement membrane remained intact. Our results showed fewer invasive tumours in oral PT-treated groups than in cancer groups that displayed mitotic bodies, highly pleomorphic cells and nuclei, and basement membrane invasion. The cell proliferation marker (Ki-67) was reduced in oral pterostilbene-treated groups. Overall, oral pterostilbene is a promising chemo-preventive intervention due to its anti-initiation and anti-promotion on skin carcinogenesis. Thus, the potential molecular mechanisms of oral pterostilbene chemo-prevention agent should be explored.
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7
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The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum attenuates UV-induced skin carcinogenesis and immunosuppression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265615. [PMID: 35312729 PMCID: PMC8936451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is traditionally used for treating multiple diseases, including cancer. This study examined skin cancer preventive activity of a commercial product containing spore and fruiting body in 30:8 ratio (GLSF). Extracts of GLSF and spore component (GLS) were prepared using artificial gastrointestinal juice and examined on JB6 cells. GLSF and GLS dose-dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor-induced JB6 transformation at non-toxic concentrations. SKH-1 mice which were fed with diets containing GLSF (1.25%), GLS (0.99%) or the fruiting body (GLF) (0.26%) were exposed to chronic low-dose ultraviolet (UV) radiation to assess their effects on skin carcinogenesis. GLSF, but not GLS or GLF, reduced skin tumor incidence and multiplicity. In non-tumor skin tissues of mice, GLSF attenuated UV-induced epidermal thickening, expression of Ki-67, COX-2 and NF-κB, while in tumor tissues, GLSF increased expression of CD8 and Granzyme B. To examine the effects of GLSF on UV-induced immunosuppression, mice which were fed with GLSF were evaluated for the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). GLSF significantly reversed UV-mediated suppression of DNFB-induced CHS by increasing CD8+ and decreasing CD4+ and FoxP3+ T-cells in mouse ears. Therefore, GLSF prevents skin cancer probably via attenuating UV-induced immunosuppression.
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8
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MicroRNA31 and MMP-1 contribute to the differentiated pathway of invasion -with enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition- in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:767-775. [PMID: 34647185 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism of invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) and has been found to be enhanced in tumors originated from actinic keratosis with transformation limited to the basal epithelial layer -differentiated pathway-, compared to cases with invasion subsequent to complete epidermal transformation -classical pathway-. Several microRNAs and proteins can contribute to EMT modulation in cSCCs. MicroRNA21 and microRNA31 are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression and could play a relevant role in EMT and cSCC progression. Throughout the EMT process upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) enhances invasiveness and MMP-1 and MMP-3 contribute to local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in cSCCs. Additionally, cSCC development is associated with PTEN loss and NF-κB, NOTCH-1 and p63 activation. The aim of this work is to identify differences in the expression of those molecules between both pathways of cSCCs development. Eight tissue microarrays from 80 consecutive cSCCs were analyzed using LNA-based miRNA in situ hybridization for miRNA21 and miRNA31 evaluation, and immunohistochemistry for MMP-1, MMP-3, PTEN, NOTCH-1, NF-κB, p63 and CD31. Significantly higher expression of miRNA31 (p < 0.0001) and MMP-1 (p = 0.0072) and angiogenesis (p = 0.0199) were found in the differentiated pathway, whereas PTEN loss (p = 0.0430) was more marked in the classical pathway. No significant differences were found for the other markers. Our findings support a contribution of miRNA31 and MMP-1 in the differentiated pathway, associated to EMT and increased microvascularization. The greater PTEN loss in the classical pathway indicate that its relevance in cSCC is not EMT-related.
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9
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El Yaagoubi OM, Oularbi L, Bouyahya A, Samaki H, El Antri S, Aboudkhil S. The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skin cancer development: 26S proteasome-activated NF-κB signal transduction. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:479-492. [PMID: 34583610 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1978785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System plays a central role in signal transduction associated with stress, in the skin in particular by the control of NF-κB pathways. Under normal conditions, the inhibitory protein IκB is phosphorylated by kinases, then ubiquitinated and ends up at the proteasome to be degraded. The present short review discusses recent progress in the inhibition of NF-κB activation by proteasome inhibitors prevents the degradation of protein IκB, which accumulates in the cytosol, and there by the activation of NF-κB. Moreover, would not only limit the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines involved in metastatic processes, but also increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis. Considering this fact, the activity of NF-κB is regulated by the phosphorylation and proteasome-dependent degradation of its inhibitor Iκb. In this scenario, the use of a proteasome inhibitor might be an effective strategy in the treatment of skin cancer with constitutive activation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouadie Mohamed El Yaagoubi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-Food (URAC 36) -Faculty of Sciences and Technology -Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Larbi Oularbi
- Laboratory of Materials, Membranes, and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology-Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.,Supramolecular Nanomaterials Group (SNG), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.,Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hamid Samaki
- National Institute of Social Action (INAS), Tangier, Morocco
| | - Said El Antri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-Food (URAC 36) -Faculty of Sciences and Technology -Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Souad Aboudkhil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-Food (URAC 36) -Faculty of Sciences and Technology -Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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10
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Alameda JP, García-García VA, López S, Hernando A, Page A, Navarro M, Moreno-Maldonado R, Paramio JM, Ramírez Á, García-Fernández RA, Casanova ML. CYLD Inhibits the Development of Skin Squamous Cell Tumors in Immunocompetent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6736. [PMID: 34201751 PMCID: PMC8268443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme that was initially characterized as a tumor suppressor of adnexal skin tumors in patients with CYLD syndrome. Later, it was also shown that the expression of functionally inactive mutated forms of CYLD promoted tumor development and progression of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). However, the ability of wild-type CYLD to inhibit skin tumorigenesis in vivo in immunocompetent mice has not been proved. Herein, we generated transgenic mice that express the wild type form of CYLD under the control of the keratin 5 (K5) promoter (K5-CYLDwt mice) and analyzed the skin properties of these transgenic mice by WB and immunohistochemistry, studied the survival and proliferating characteristics of primary keratinocytes, and performed chemical skin carcinogenesis experiments. As a result, we found a reduced activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in the skin of K5-CYLDwt mice in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); accordingly, when subjected to insults, K5-CYLDwt keratinocytes are prone to apoptosis and are protected from excessive hyperproliferation. Skin carcinogenesis assays showed inhibition of tumor development in K5-CYLDwt mice. As a mechanism of this tumor suppressor activity, we found that a moderate increase in CYLD expression levels reduced NF-κB activation, which favored the differentiation of tumor epidermal cells and inhibited its proliferation; moreover, it decreased tumor angiogenesis and inflammation. Altogether, our results suggest that increased levels of CYLD may be useful for anti-skin cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa P. Alameda
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica A. García-García
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia López
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.); (R.A.G.-F.)
| | - Ana Hernando
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Bionomous Sàrl, PFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment, FCH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angustias Page
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Moreno-Maldonado
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Bio-innova Consulting, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa A. García-Fernández
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.); (R.A.G.-F.)
| | - María Llanos Casanova
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.A.G.-G.); (A.H.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (R.M.-M.); (J.M.P.); (Á.R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Hawkshaw NJ, Paus R. Beyond the NFAT Horizon: From Cyclosporine A-Induced Adverse Skin Effects to Novel Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:316-328. [PMID: 33752908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immunophilin ligand, cyclosporine A (CsA), which inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity, is a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy. Yet, the molecular basis of its prominent, nonimmunosuppression-related adverse skin effects, namely drug-induced excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis), is insufficiently understood. Here, we argue that analysis of these adverse effects can uncover clinically important, previously unknown mechanisms of CsA and identify new molecular targets and lead compounds for therapeutic intervention. We exemplify this through our recent discovery that CsA suppresses the potent Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP)1, in human hair follicles, thereby promoting hair growth and causing hypertrichosis. On this basis, we advocate a new focus on deciphering the molecular basis of the adverse effects of CsA in suitable human model systems as a lead to developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK; Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.
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12
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Zhong QY, Lin B, Chen YT, Huang YP, Feng WP, Wu Y, Long GH, Zou YN, Liu Y, Lin BQ, Sang NL, Zhan JYX. Gender differences in UV-induced skin inflammation, skin carcinogenesis and systemic damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103512. [PMID: 33096234 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced chronic inflammation contributes to all stages of skin tumor development. In addition, gender plays an important role in inflammatory diseases or cancer. In this study, histopathology changes, hematology, oxidative stress and inflammatory response were used to evaluate sex differences in UV-induced chronic inflammation-associated cancer development. The results showed that the male and female mice had photoaging damage at the 9th week. However, skin tumors only appeared in male mice at 31st week. Furthermore, UV increased ROS production, p65, p-p65, IL-6 and TNF-α protein expressions in skin, and these factors elevated more in male mouse model. Hematology results showed that the parameters of blood systemic inflammation were changed in different degrees in model groups, while the pathological results showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the internal organs of both model groups in varying degrees. These results indicate that there are gender differences in UV-induced skin inflammation, carcinogenesis and systemic damage. Moreover, male mice are more sensitive to UV irradiation, which may be responsible to greater oxidative stress and inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yin-Ting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yin-Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei-Peng Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gui-Hong Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun-Nan Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bao-Qin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Nian-Li Sang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janis Ya-Xian Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
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13
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Owolabi JO, Fabiyi OS, Adelakin LA, Ekwerike MC. Effects of Skin Lightening Cream Agents - Hydroquinone and Kojic Acid, on the Skin of Adult Female Experimental Rats. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:283-289. [PMID: 32308462 PMCID: PMC7147621 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s233185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Skin bleaching is the act of using steroid- and chemical-containing products to lighten the skin. Hydroquinone and kojic acid are often used in skin bleaching creams. Hydroquinone was suspected to be harmful. This study investigated the effects of kojic acid and hydroquinone on the skin of adult female Wistar rats and the potential use of aloe vera for amelioration. Materials and Methods Eighty [n=80] adult female Wistar rats with an average weight of 120 g were randomly divided into eight groups, marked A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H. Group A animals served as the control group; group B was treated with 2% hydroquinone, group C was treated with 2% kojic acid, group D was treated with 4% hydroquinone, group E was treated with 4% kojic acid, group F was treated with 2% hydroquinone and 2% kojic acid, group G was treated with 4% hydroquinone and 4% kojic acid, and group H was treated with 4% hydroquinone, 4% kojic acid, and aloe vera. The preparations were applied to the tail skin and treatment lasted 28 days. Skin samples were excised and processed using H&E, Masson’s trichrome, and p65 immunohistochemical assays on tissue sections. Results Hydroquinone caused structural disruptions of the stratum corneum of the epidermis and the overlying keratin. p65 was also prominently expressed in the treated groups. Hydroquinone reduced skin thickness and caused epidermis disruption. Discussion The prominent expression of p65 in the sections indicated deleterious effects of hydroquinone. Kojic acid was not found to have deleterious effects. Aloe vera prevented extensive disruption of stratum corneum by hydroquinone. The use of hydroquinone in skin lightening creams might raise health concerns. Aloe vera could be protective against hydroquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Oladele Owolabi
- Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.,Department of Anatomy, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Oluseyi Sunday Fabiyi
- Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Lola Adeola Adelakin
- Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
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14
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Das Mahapatra K, Pasquali L, Søndergaard JN, Lapins J, Nemeth IB, Baltás E, Kemény L, Homey B, Moldovan LI, Kjems J, Kutter C, Sonkoly E, Kristensen LS, Pivarcsi A. A comprehensive analysis of coding and non-coding transcriptomic changes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3637. [PMID: 32108138 PMCID: PMC7046790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common and fastest-increasing cancer with metastatic potential. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel regulators of gene expression. To identify mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, which can be involved in cSCC, RNA-seq was performed on nine cSCCs and seven healthy skin samples. Representative transcripts were validated by NanoString nCounter assays using an extended cohort, which also included samples from pre-cancerous skin lesions (actinic keratosis). 5,352 protein-coding genes, 908 lncRNAs and 55 circular RNAs were identified to be differentially expressed in cSCC. Targets of 519 transcription factors were enriched among differentially expressed genes, 105 of which displayed altered level in cSCCs, including fundamental regulators of skin development (MYC, RELA, ETS1, TP63). Pathways related to cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation and epidermal differentiation were enriched. In addition to known oncogenic lncRNAs (PVT1, LUCAT1, CASC9), a set of skin-specific lncRNAs were were identified to be dysregulated. A global downregulation of circRNAs was observed in cSCC, and novel skin-enriched circRNAs, circ_IFFO2 and circ_POF1B, were identified and validated. In conclusion, a reference set of coding and non-coding transcripts were identified in cSCC, which may become potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Das Mahapatra
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nørskov Søndergaard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Lapins
- Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - István Balazs Nemeth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Baltás
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liviu-Ionut Moldovan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse Sommer Kristensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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15
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Altonsy MO, Kurwa HA, Lauzon GJ, Amrein M, Gerber AN, Almishri W, Mydlarski PR. Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, a human skin colonizer, induces the canonical nuclear factor-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in human skin cells. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:62-79. [PMID: 31912662 PMCID: PMC7016847 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum (C. t.) is a ubiquitous bacterium that colonizes human skin. In contrast to other members of the genus Corynebacterium, such as toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae or the opportunistic pathogen Corynebacterium jeikeium, several studies suggest that C. t. may play a role in skin health and disease. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. METHODS To investigate whether C. t. induces inflammatory pathways in primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and human cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells (SCCs), cell culture, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR, small interfering RNA knockdown and luciferase reporter expression system were used. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate that C. t. upregulates the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of inflammatory mediators in two human skin cell lines, HEKs and SCCs. We further show activation of the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in response to C. t. infection, including phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB), the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit (NF-κB-P65 ) and the recruitment of NF-κB-P65 and RNA polymerase to the NF-κB response elements at the promoter region of the inflammatory genes. Lastly, the data confirm that C. t.-induced tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression in HEKs is toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2 ) dependent. CONCLUSION Our results offer a mechanistic model for C. t.-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes via TLR2 and activation of IκB kinase and downstream signaling through the canonical NF-κB pathway. Relevance to chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin and cutaneous oncology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O Altonsy
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Habib A Kurwa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gilles J Lauzon
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthias Amrein
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Wagdi Almishri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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16
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Cho HR, Wang Y, Bai X, Xiang YY, Lu C, Post A, Al Habeeb A, Liu M. XB130 deficiency enhances carcinogen-induced skin tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1363-1375. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractXB130 is an adaptor protein that functions as a mediator of multiple tyrosine kinases important for regulating cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Formerly predicted as an oncogene, alterations of its expression are documented in various human cancers. However, the exact role of XB130 in tumorigenesis is unknown. To address its function in skin tumorigenesis, a two-stage dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) study was performed on XB130 knockout (KO), heterozygous (HZ) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice. DMBA/TPA-treated XB130 KO and HZ males developed a significantly higher number of epidermal tumors that were notably larger in size than did WT mice. Interestingly, DMBA/TPA-treated female mice did not show any difference in tumor multiplicity regardless of the genotypes. The skin tumor lesions of XB130 KO males were more progressed with an increased frequency of keratoacanthoma. Deficiency of XB130 dramatically increased epidermal tumor cell proliferation. The responses to DMBA and TPA stimuli were also individually investigated to elucidate the mechanistic role of XB130 at different stages of tumorigenesis. DMBA-treated male XB130 KO mice showed compensatory p53-mediated stress response. TPA-treated XB130 KO males demonstrated more skin ulceration with more severe edema, enhanced cell proliferation, accumulation of infiltrating neutrophils and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes compared with WT mice. Enhanced activities of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, increased protein expression of metalloproteinase-9 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were found in these KO mice. These findings demonstrate that XB130 acts as a tumor suppressor in carcinogen-induced skin tumorigenesis that may be mediated through inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ra Cho
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Yun-Yan Xiang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Christina Lu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Alexander Post
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
| | - Ayman Al Habeeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Vabeiryureilai M, Lalrinzuali K, Jagetia GC. Chemopreventive effect of hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid in two stage skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02521. [PMID: 31720442 PMCID: PMC6838872 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-protective ability of hesperidin was investigated on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Topical application of DMBA+TPA on mice skin led to 100% tumour incidence and rise in average number of tumours. Administration of different doses of hesperidin (HPD) before (pre) or after (post) and continuous (pre and post) DMBA application significantly reduced tumour incidence and average number of tumours in comparison to DMBA+TPA treatment alone. Topical application of DMBA+TPA increased oxidative stress as shown by significantly increased TBARS values and reduced glutathione contents, and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Hesperidin treatment significantly reduced TBARS values and elevated glutathione concentration and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the skin/tumors of mice treated with HPD+DMBA+TPA, HPD+DMBA+TPA+HPD or DMBA+TPA+HPD when compared to DMBA+TPA application alone. The study of molecular mechanisms showed that hesperidin suppressed expression of Rassf7, Nrf2, PARP and NF-κB in a dose dependent manner with a maximum inhibition at the level of 300 mg/kg body weight hesperidin. In conclusion, oral administration of hesperidin protected mice against chemical carcinogenesis by increasing antioxidant status, reducing DMBA+TPA induced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response, and repressing of Rassf7, Nrf2, PARP and NF-κB levels.
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18
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Prieux R, Eeman M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Valacchi G. Mimicking cigarette smoke exposure to assess cutaneous toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104664. [PMID: 31669394 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke stands among the most toxic environmental pollutants and is composed of thousands of chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Despite restrict cigarette smoking ban in indoor or some outdoor locations, the risk of non-smokers to be exposed to environmental cigarette smoke is not yet eliminated. Beside the well-known effects of cigarette smoke to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, a growing literature has shown during the last 3 decades its noxious effects also on cutaneous tissues. Being the largest organ as well as the interface between the outer environment and the body, human skin acts as a natural shield which is continuously exposed to harmful exogenous agents. Thus, a prolonged and/or repetitive exposure to significant levels of toxic smoke pollutants may have detrimental effects on the cutaneous tissue by disrupting the epidermal barrier function and by exacerbating inflammatory skin disorders (i.e. psoriasis, atopic dermatitis). With the development of very complex skin tissue models and sophisticated cigarette smoke exposure systems it has become important to better understand the toxicity pathways induced by smoke pollutants in more realistic laboratory conditions to find solutions for counteracting their effects. This review provides an update on the skin models currently available to study cigarette smoke exposure and the known pathways involved in cutaneous toxicity. In addition, the article will briefly cover the inflammatory skin pathologies potentially induced and/or exacerbated by cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Prieux
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marc Eeman
- Home & Personal Care, Dow Silicones Belgium, Seneffe, Belgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, United States; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Lu Y, Lu Q, Liu H, Yu J, Xin C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Fan L. Time-Series Expression Analysis of Epidermal Stem Cells from High Fat Diet Mice. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:769-778. [PMID: 31502860 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in epidermal stem cells (epiSCs) in response to high fat diet (HFD). DEGs were identified by time-series analysis of the gene expression profile (GSE84510) in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functions and pathways affected by HFD were identified by functional annotation of DEGs. Key factors responding to HFD was identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Two groups of genes with the same tendency in response to HFD were identified. ECM-related processes and PI3K pathway were altered in the early stage of obesity. A PPI network was constructed to delineate the interactions among proteins encoded by DEGs and ICAM1 and RELA were key epiSC factors respond to HFD. Our studies may provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying how obesity affects the functions of epiSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qixiu Lu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Houlin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jixiang Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunlei Xin
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Affiliated Jining No. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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20
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MicroRNA Dysregulation in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092181. [PMID: 31052530 PMCID: PMC6540078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and it can be locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length, that are involved in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse biological functions and diseases. In cancer, miRNAs can proceed either as oncogenic miRNAs (onco-miRs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs (oncosuppressor-miRs), depending on the pathway in which they are involved. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been shown in most of the tumors evaluated. MiRNA dysregulation is known to be involved in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In this review, we focus on the recent evidence about the role of miRNAs in the development of CSCC and in the prognosis of this form of skin cancer.
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21
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Tremmel L, Rho O, Slaga TJ, DiGiovanni J. Inhibition of skin tumor promotion by TPA using a combination of topically applied ursolic acid and curcumin. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:185-195. [PMID: 30346064 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prevention remains an important strategy to reduce the burden of cancer. One approach to prevent cancer is the use of phytochemicals in various combinations as safe and effective cancer preventative agents. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the combination of ursolic acid (UA) and curcumin (Curc) for potential combinatorial inhibition of skin tumor promotion using the mouse two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. In short-term experiments, the combination of UA + Curc given topically prior to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) significantly inhibited activation of epidermal EGFR, p70S6K, NF-κB p50, Src, c-Jun, Rb, and IκBα. Levels of c-Fos, c-Jun, and Cox-2 were also significantly reduced by the combination compared to the TPA treated group. The alterations in these signaling pathways by the combination of UA + Curc were associated with decreased epidermal proliferation as assessed by measuring BrdU incorporation. Significant effects were also seen with the combination on epidermal inflammatory gene expression and dermal inflammation, with the greatest effects on expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-22, and CXCL2. Furthermore, results from skin tumor experiments demonstrated that the combination of UA + Curc given topically significantly inhibited mouse skin tumor promotion by TPA to a greater extent than the individual compounds given alone. The greatest effects were seen on tumor free survival, tumor size, and tumor weight, although tumor incidence and multiplicity were also further reduced by the combination. These results demonstrate the potential cancer chemopreventive activity and mechanism(s) for the combination of UA + Curc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tremmel
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Okkyung Rho
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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22
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Lee YS, Lee CH, Bae JT, Nam KT, Moon DB, Hwang OK, Choi JS, Kim TH, Jun HO, Jung YS, Hwang DY, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Inhibition of skin carcinogenesis by suppression of NF-κB dependent ITGAV and TIMP-1 expression in IL-32γ overexpressed condition. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:293. [PMID: 30486830 PMCID: PMC6263970 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has been associated with various diseases. Previous studies have shown that IL-32 inhibited the development of several tumors. However, the role of IL-32γ, an isotype of IL-32, in skin carcinogenesis remains unknown. METHODS We compared 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis in wild type (WT) and IL-32γ-overexpressing mice to evaluate the role of IL-32γ. We also analyzed cancer stemness and NF-κB signaling in skin cancer cell lines with or without IL-32γ expression by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Carcinogen-induced tumor incidence in IL-32γ mice was significantly reduced in comparison to that in WT mice. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were decreased in the skin tumor tissues of IL-32γ mice compared with WT mice. Using a genome-wide association study analysis, we found that IL-32 was associated with integrin αV (ITGAV) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), which are critical factor for skin carcinogenesis. Reduced expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1 were identified in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice compared to that in WT mice. NF-κB activity was also reduced in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice. IL-32γ decreased cancer cell sphere formation and expression of stem cell markers, and increased chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death. IL-32γ also downregulated expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1, accompanied with the inhibition of NF-κB activity. In addition, IL-32γ expression with NF-κB inhibitor treatment further reduced skin inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and cancer cell sphere formation and downregulated expression levels of ITGAV and TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that IL-32γ suppressed skin carcinogenesis through the inhibition of both stemness and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment by the downregulation of TIMP-1 and ITGAV via inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
- Hanbul Co, Ltd. R&D center, 634 Eon Ju-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tak Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bong Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ok Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Kyungnam 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhang B, Xu J, Quan Z, Qian M, Liu W, Zheng W, Yin F, Du J, Zhi Y, Song N. Klotho Protein Protects Human Keratinocytes from UVB-Induced Damage Possibly by Reducing Expression and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8583-8591. [PMID: 30481165 PMCID: PMC6278307 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background UV-related skin disease such as actinic keratosis is a major concern in public health. In view of the cell injury induced by UVB, Klotho protein it is an ideal therapy to eliminate UVB-induced cell damages and the associated signaling pathways. Material/Methods To gain insights into the potential role of Klotho and the underlying molecular mechanism, we constructed a Klotho-overexpress HaCaT cell line and assessed the protection against UVB insults. The effects of exposure to UVB radiation on the human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, including cell growth, apoptosis, and changes of selected biomarkers, were measured by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. Results We found that enhanced NF-κB activity was accompanied by decreased expression of the anti-aging protein Klotho upon UVB stimulation, which was further confirmed with in vivo experiments. Overexpression of Klotho was able to considerably alleviate the UVB-induced damages to cells and reversed the UVB-caused biomarker changes to a great extent, which was comparable to the effects of administration of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, suggesting the inhibition of nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, Klotho overexpression was proved to decrease the nuclear expression of NF-κB as much as the treatment with PDTC, which provides support for the direct regulation of NF-κB by Klotho. Conclusions Collectively, our work provides new insight into the potential role of Klotho in the context of UVB-induced injuries in human keratinocytes, as well as providing the basis for future study of new therapies against UV-related skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Miao Qian
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wanfang Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jiru Du
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanting Zhi
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ningjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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24
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Cao J, Qiu J, Wang X, Lu Z, Wang D, Feng H, Li X, Liu Q, Pan H, Han X, Wei J, Liu S, Wang L. Identification of microRNA-124 in regulation of Hepatocellular carcinoma through BIRC3 and the NF-κB pathway. J Cancer 2018; 9:3006-3015. [PMID: 30210622 PMCID: PMC6134807 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) being proved to be involved in the carcinogenesis of numerous tumors. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124), identified as a tumor suppressor, has been demonstrated to exert pivotal roles in multiple processes of tumorigenesis. The present study demonstrated that miR-124 was low-expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines. In addition, overexpression of miR-124 through infected with miR-124 lentivirus inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas inhibition of miR-124 expression can reverse the process. Moreover, Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 3 (BIRC3) was identified as a target gene of miR-124. The BIRC3 mRNA expression was increased in HCC tissues and negatively correlated with miR-124 expression. Knockdown of BIRC3 recovered the miR-124-induced inhibiting effect on HCC progression. Furthermore, we found that up-regulation of miR-124 significantly inhibited p-P65, p-IκBα and c-Myc proteins expression. However, the effect of miR-124 up-regulation on HCC development was partly reversed by BIRC3 restoration. In conclusion, our data proved that miR-124 inhibits the proliferation and migration of HCC at least partly through targeting BIRC3 and regulating NF-κB signaling pathway, and it may be a therapeutic target for HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Department of stomatology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - ZhenHui Lu
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - HuiMin Feng
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - XiaoHan Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - QiaoQiao Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Department of stomatology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - HuaZheng Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical Animal Lab, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - XueBo Han
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - ShiHai Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical Animal Lab, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - LiBin Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
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25
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Vorhagen S, Kleefisch D, Persa OD, Graband A, Schwickert A, Saynisch M, Leitges M, Niessen CM, Iden S. Shared and independent functions of aPKCλ and Par3 in skin tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:5136-5146. [PMID: 29789715 PMCID: PMC6137026 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The polarity proteins Par3 and aPKC are key regulators of processes altered in cancer. Par3/aPKC are thought to dynamically interact with Par6 but increasing evidence suggests that aPKC and Par3 also exert complex-independent functions. Whereas aPKCλ serves as tumor promotor, Par3 can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis. Here we asked whether and how Par3 and aPKCλ genetically interact to control two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Epidermal loss of Par3, aPKCλ, or both, strongly reduced tumor multiplicity and increased latency but inhibited invasion to similar extents, indicating that Par3 and aPKCλ function as a complex to promote tumorigenesis. Molecularly, Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to promote Akt, ERK and NF-κB signaling during tumor initiation to sustain growth, whereas aPKCλ dominates in promoting survival. In the inflammatory tumorigenesis phase Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to drive Stat3 activation and hyperproliferation. Unexpectedly, the reduced inflammatory signaling did not alter carcinogen-induced immune cell numbers but reduced IL-4 Receptor-positive stromal macrophage numbers in all mutant mice, suggesting that epidermal aPKCλ and Par3 promote a tumor-permissive environment. Importantly, aPKCλ also serves a distinct, carcinogen-independent role in controlling skin immune cell homeostasis. Collectively, our data demonstrates that Par3 and aPKCλ cooperate to promote skin tumor initiation and progression, likely through sustaining growth, survival, and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vorhagen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Dominik Kleefisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Oana-Diana Persa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany
| | - Annika Graband
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schwickert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Saynisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Leitges
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
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26
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Otkur W, Liu W, Wang J, Jia X, Huang D, Wang F, Hayashi T, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Sub-lethal ultraviolet B irradiation and Poly I:C treatment synergistically induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells through NF-κB pathway. Mol Immunol 2018; 99:19-29. [PMID: 29674236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation exerts multiple effects on skin cells, inducing apoptosis, senescence and carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptor 3, a member of pattern recognition receptors, is reported to initiate inflammation by recognizing double-strand RNA (dsRNA) released from UVB-irradiated cells. It has not been studied, however, whether apoptosis induction in UVB irradiation is attributed to TLR3 activation. Here, we report on the pro-apoptotic role of TLR3 in UVB-irradiated epidermal cells. Poly I:C, an analogue of dsRNA that activates TLR3, was used in combination with sub-lethal UVB (4.8 mJ/cm2) irradiation for investigating the effects of TLR3 activation on human immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Although sub-lethal dose of either Poly I:C or UVB alone did not induce cell death, UVB-Poly I:C co-treatment synergistically induced cell death by activation of caspase-3 and cleavages of ICAD and PARP, with apoptotic features when stained with Annexin V/PI or Hoechst 33342. Treatment with pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD, attenuated UVB-Poly I:C-induced cell death. Silencing TLR3 by siRNA rescued HaCaT cells from UVB-Poly I:C-induced apoptosis. NF-κB, a major downstream component of TLR3 pathway, that usually negatively regulates the classical TLR3 apoptotic pathway, was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results indicate to our surprise that NF-κB is translocated to nucleus in the cells co-treated with UVB-Poly I:C. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB is attenuated by TLR3 silencing. Treatment with BAY, an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway, blocked UVB-Poly I:C-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we conclude that NF-κB pathway plays a cytotoxic role in UVB-Poly I:C-treated HaCaT cells, mediating TLR3-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiyar Otkur
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinda Wang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xingfan Jia
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dianchao Huang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fang Wang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- Department of Medical Education & Primary Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajiicho 465, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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27
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Roles of NF-κB Signaling in the Regulation of miRNAs Impacting on Inflammation in Cancer. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020040. [PMID: 29601548 PMCID: PMC6027290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of transcription factors regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins and microRNAs (miRNA, miR) precursors that may either positively or negatively regulate a variety of biological processes such as cell cycle progression, cell survival, and cell differentiation. The NF-κB-miRNA transcriptional regulatory network has been implicated in the regulation of proinflammatory, immune, and stress-like responses. Gene regulation by miRNAs has emerged as an additional epigenetic mechanism at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of miRNAs can be regulated by specific transcription factors (TFs), including the NF-κB TF family, and vice versa. The interplay between TFs and miRNAs creates positive or negative feedback loops and also regulatory networks, which can control cell fate. In the current review, we discuss the impact of NF-κB-miRNA interplay and feedback loops and networks impacting on inflammation in cancer. We provide several paradigms of specific NF-κB-miRNA networks that can regulate inflammation linked to cancer. For example, the NF-κB-miR-146 and NF-κB-miR-155 networks fine-tune the activity, intensity, and duration of inflammation, while the NF-κB-miR-21 and NF-κB-miR-181b-1 amplifying loops link inflammation to cancer; and p53- or NF-κB-regulated miRNAs interconnect these pathways and may shift the balance to cancer development or tumor suppression. The availability of genomic data may be useful to verify and find novel interactions, and provide a catalogue of 162 miRNAs targeting and 40 miRNAs possibly regulated by NF-κB. We propose that studying active TF-miRNA transcriptional regulatory networks such as NF-κB-miRNA networks in specific cancer types can contribute to our further understanding of the regulatory interplay between inflammation and cancer, and also perhaps lead to the development of pharmacologically novel therapeutic approaches to combat cancer.
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28
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Kondylis V, Kumari S, Vlantis K, Pasparakis M. The interplay of IKK, NF-κB and RIPK1 signaling in the regulation of cell death, tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2018; 277:113-127. [PMID: 28462531 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death pathways have important functions in host defense and tissue homeostasis. Studies in genetic mouse models provided evidence that cell death could cause inflammation in different tissues. Inhibition of RIPK3-MLKL-dependent necroptosis by FADD and caspase-8 was identified as a key mechanism preventing inflammation in epithelial barriers. Moreover, the interplay between IKK/NF-κB and RIPK1 signaling was recognized as a critical determinant of tissue homeostasis and inflammation. NEMO was shown to regulate RIPK1 kinase activity-mediated apoptosis by NF-κB-dependent and -independent functions, which are critical for averting chronic tissue injury and inflammation in the intestine and the liver. In addition, RIPK1 was shown to exhibit kinase activity-independent functions that are essential for preventing cell death, maintaining tissue architecture and inhibiting inflammation. In the intestine, RIPK1 acts as a scaffold to prevent epithelial cell apoptosis and preserve tissue integrity. In the skin, RIPK1 functions via its RHIM to counteract ZBP1/DAI-dependent activation of RIPK3-MLKL-dependent necroptosis and inflammation. Collectively, these studies provided evidence that the regulation of cell death signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and suggested that cell death could be causally involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Kondylis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Snehlata Kumari
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katerina Vlantis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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29
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Peuhu E, Salomaa SI, De Franceschi N, Potter CS, Sundberg JP, Pouwels J. Integrin beta 1 inhibition alleviates the chronic hyperproliferative dermatitis phenotype of SHARPIN-deficient mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186628. [PMID: 29040328 PMCID: PMC5645136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN (Shank-Associated RH Domain-Interacting Protein) is a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which enhances TNF-induced NF-κB activity. SHARPIN-deficient (Sharpincpdm/cpdm) mice display multi-organ inflammation and chronic proliferative dermatitis (cpdm) due to TNF-induced keratinocyte apoptosis. In cells, SHARPIN also inhibits integrins independently of LUBAC, but it has remained enigmatic whether elevated integrin activity levels in the dermis of Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice is due to increased integrin activity or is secondary to inflammation. In addition, the functional contribution of increased integrin activation to the Sharpincpdm/cpdm phenotype has not been investigated. Here, we find increased integrin activity in keratinocytes from Tnfr1-/- Sharpincpdm/cpdm double knockout mice, which do not display chronic inflammation or proliferative dermatitis, thus suggesting that SHARPIN indeed acts as an integrin inhibitor in vivo. In addition, we present evidence for a functional contribution of integrin activity to the Sharpincpdm/cpdm skin phenotype. Treatment with an integrin beta 1 function blocking antibody reduced epidermal hyperproliferation and epidermal thickness in Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice. Our data indicate that, while TNF-induced cell death triggers the chronic inflammation and proliferative dermatitis, absence of SHARPIN-dependent integrin inhibition exacerbates the epidermal hyperproliferation in Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Peuhu
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Siiri I Salomaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - John P Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jeroen Pouwels
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,TEHO adaptive clinical trial design, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Li F, Li Q, Huang X, Wang Y, Ge C, Qi Y, Guo W, Sun H. Psoralen stimulates osteoblast proliferation through the activation of nuclear factor-κB-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2385-2391. [PMID: 28962172 PMCID: PMC5609190 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that leads to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Approximately 50% of postmenopausal women develop osteoporosis as a result of postmenopausal estrogen deficiency. To reduce fractures related to osteoporosis in women, previous studies have focused on therapeutic strategies that aim to increase bone formation or decrease bone resorption. However, pharmacological agents that aim to improve bone fracture susceptibility exhibit side effects. Current studies are investigating natural alternatives that possess the benefits of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) without the adverse effects. Recent studies have indicated that phytoestrogen may be an ideal natural SERM for the treatment of osteoporosis. In Chinese herbal medicine, psoralen, as the predominant substance of Psoralea corylifolia, is considered to be a phytoestrogen and is used as a remedy for osteoporosis. A number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of psoralen in bone formation. However, the pathways and underlying molecular mechanisms that participate in psoralen-induced osteoblast formation are not well understood. In the present study, hFOB1.19 cells were treated with psoralen at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM) for 0, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were performed to detect glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) expression. A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. In addition the effects of mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated (p)-ERK, p38, p-p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p-JNK expressions and cell proliferation were measured, as was the effect of nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor on P65 and GLUT3 expressions and cell proliferation. The results indicated that psoralen stimulates hFOB1.19 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Phospho-ERK, p38 and JNK were markedly increased by psoralen compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the specific inhibitors of ERK (SCH772984), p38 (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) reversed the stimulatory effects of psoralen on signal marker phosphorylation (P<0.05). The rate of psoralen-induced cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by inhibitors of ERK, JNK and p38 compared with psoralen treatment alone (P<0.05). In addition, psoralen stimulated osteoblast proliferation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, the present findings suggest that psoralen may be a potential natural alternative to SERMs in the treatment of osteoporosis and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimeng Li
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Qihuo Li
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yunting Wang
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chana Ge
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Fourth Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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Dendrimer conjugated estramustine nanocrystalline 'Dendot': An effective inhibitor of DMBA-TPA induced papilloma formation in mouse. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:316-323. [PMID: 28842350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinically approved anticancer drug estramustine mediates its function by impairing microtubule polymerization. However, the low aqueous solubility and high toxicity limit its anticancer activity via the oral route. Previously, efforts have been made to develop an enhanced water soluble form of estramustine as estramustine phosphate (EM) but acidic gastrointestinal pH breaks the phosphate derivative via oral administration. As an alternative approach, we have made an effort to enhance solubility and minimize toxicity in vivo by conjugating EM to a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer, which generated the sustained release of dendrimer conjugate (DEM). To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we report the direct proof of the nano-crystalline 'DenDot' of DEM on TEM image. The toxicity study showed that both EM and DEM were nontoxic up to 20mg/kg. A comparative anti-papilloma study was also performed with EM and dendrimer conjugates (DEM) using a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. We found that DEM was more effective in inhibiting skin tumor formation than EM. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies further indicated that DEM treatment increased cell apoptosis, and reduced epithelial hyperplasia, cell proliferation and inflammation in skin tissues of mice. In addition, the synthetic DEM conjugate inhibited skin tumor progression more effectively than EM.
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Acute inflammation regulates neuroregeneration through the NF-κB pathway in olfactory epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8089-8094. [PMID: 28696292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620664114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells/progenitor cells residing in the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium are capable of reconstituting the neuroepithelium even after severe damage. The molecular events underlying this regenerative capacity remain elusive. Here we show that the repair of neuroepithelium after lesioning is accompanied by an acute, but self-limited, inflammatory process. Attenuation of inflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine production by dexamethasone impairs proliferation of progenitor horizontal basal cells (HBCs) and subsequent neuronal differentiation. Using TNF-α receptor-deficient mice, we identify TNF-α signaling as an important contributor to this inflammatory and reparative process, mainly through TNF-α receptor 1. HBC-selective genetic ablation of RelA (p65), the transcriptional activator of the NF-κB pathway, retards inflammation and impedes proliferation at the early stages of regeneration and suggests HBCs directly participate in cross-talk between immune response and neurogenesis. Loss of RelA in the regenerating neuroepithelium perturbs the homeostasis between proliferation and apoptosis while enhancing JNK signaling. Together, our results support a model in which acute inflammation after injury initiates important regenerative signals in part through NF-κB-mediated signaling that activates neural stem cells to reconstitute the olfactory epithelium.
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33
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Molecular signaling cascades involved in nonmelanoma skin carcinogenesis. Biochem J 2017; 473:2973-94. [PMID: 27679857 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer worldwide and the incidence continues to rise, in part due to increasing numbers in high-risk groups such as organ transplant recipients and those taking photosensitizing medications. The most significant risk factor for NMSC is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight, specifically UVB, which is the leading cause of DNA damage, photoaging, and malignant transformation in the skin. Activation of apoptosis following UVR exposure allows the elimination of irreversibly damaged cells that may harbor oncogenic mutations. However, UVR also activates signaling cascades that promote the survival of these potentially cancerous cells, resulting in tumor initiation. Thus, the UVR-induced stress response in the skin is multifaceted and requires coordinated activation of numerous pathways controlling DNA damage repair, inflammation, and kinase-mediated signal transduction that lead to either cell survival or cell death. This review focuses on the central signaling mechanisms that respond to UVR and the subsequent cellular changes. Given the prevalence of NMSC and the resulting health care burden, many of these pathways provide promising targets for continued study aimed at both chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
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Page A, Bravo A, Suarez-Cabrera C, Alameda JP, Casanova ML, Lorz C, Segrelles C, Segovia JC, Paramio JM, Navarro M, Ramirez A. IKKβ-Mediated Resistance to Skin Cancer Development Is Ink4a/Arf-Dependent. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1255-1264. [PMID: 28584022 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IKKβ (encoded by IKBKB) is a protein kinase that regulates the activity of numerous proteins important in several signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway. IKKβ exerts a protumorigenic role in several animal models of lung, hepatic, intestinal, and oral cancer. In addition, genomic and proteomic studies of human tumors also indicate that IKBKB gene is amplified or overexpressed in multiple tumor types. Here, the relevance of IKKβ in skin cancer was determined by performing carcinogenesis studies in animal models overexpressing IKKβ in the basal skin layer. IKKβ overexpression resulted in a striking resistance to skin cancer development and an increased expression of several tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, p16, and p19. Mechanistically, this skin tumor-protective role of IKKβ is independent of p53, but dependent on the activity of the Ink4a/Arf locus. Interestingly, in the absence of p16 and p19, IKKβ-increased expression favors the appearance of cutaneous spindle cell-like squamous cell carcinomas, which are highly aggressive tumors. These results reveal that IKKβ activity prevents skin tumor development, and shed light on the complex nature of IKKβ effects on cancer progression, as IKKβ can both promote and prevent carcinogenesis depending on the cell type or molecular context.Implications: The ability of IKKβ to promote or prevent carcinogenesis suggests the need for further evaluation when targeting this protein. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1255-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristian Suarez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Josefa P Alameda
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - M Llanos Casanova
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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Al Asmari AK, Khan AQ. Investigation of in vivo potential of scorpion venom against skin tumorigenesis in mice via targeting markers associated with cancer development. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3387-3397. [PMID: 27799739 PMCID: PMC5076799 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world in spite of the advances made in its management. In this study, we investigated the in vivo anti-tumorigenic potential of the venom obtained from a medically important scorpion species Leiurus quinquestriatus on chemically induced skin cancer in mice. Animals were divided into five groups, with 13 animals in each group. All the treatments were given topically on the shaved dorsal surface of the skin. Animals in Group 1 received vehicle only (0.2 mL acetone). Moreover, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA, 400 nmol per mouse) was applied to all the animals in the remaining four groups. After 1 week, different concentrations of venom (17.5 μg, 35 μg, and 52.5 μg per animal) were applied to each animal in the Groups III–V. Thirty minutes after the application of venom, croton oil was applied on the same position where venom was administered to the animals of Groups III–V. Animals in Group II were treated as the positive control (without venom) and received croton oil as in Groups III–V. The findings of this study revealed that venom extract of L. quinquestriatus inhibits DMBA + croton oil-induced mouse skin tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity. Venom treatment also decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Immunohistochemistry results showed a downregulation of the expression of molecular markers such as Ki-67, nuclear factor kappa-B, cyclooxygenase-2, B-cell lymphoma-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, in venom-treated animals. Our findings suggest that the venom of L. quinquestriatus possesses in vivo anticancer potential and may be used in the development of anticancer molecules.
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Synergistic functions of E2F7 and E2F8 are critical to suppress stress-induced skin cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:829-839. [PMID: 27452520 PMCID: PMC5311251 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
E2F transcription factors are important regulators of the cell cycle, and unrestrained activation of E2F-dependent transcription is considered to be an important driver of tumor formation and progression. Although highly expressed in normal skin and skin cancer, the role of the atypical E2Fs, E2F7 and E2F8, in keratinocyte homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis is unknown. Surprisingly, keratinocyte-specific deletion of E2F7 and E2F8 in mice did not interfere with skin development and wound healing. However, the rate for successful isolation and establishment of E2f7/8-deficient primary keratinocyte cultures was much higher than for wild-type keratinocytes. Moreover, E2f7/8-deficient primary keratinocytes proliferate more efficiently under stress conditions, such as low/high confluence or DNA damage. Application of in vivo stress using the DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis protocol revealed that combined inactivation of E2f7/8 enhanced tumorigenesis and accelerated malignant progression. Loss of atypical E2Fs resulted in increased expression of E2F target genes, including E2f1. Additional loss of E2f1 did not rescue, but worsened skin tumorigenesis. We show that loss of E2F7/8 triggers apoptosis via induction of E2F1 in response to stress, indicating that the tumor-promoting effect of E2F7/8 inactivation can be partially compensated via E2F1-dependent apoptosis. Importantly, E2F7/8 repressed a large set of E2F target genes that are highly expressed in human patients with skin cancer. Together, our studies demonstrate that atypical E2Fs act as tumor suppressors, most likely via transcriptional repression of cell cycle genes in response to stress.
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Hu Y. A feedforward loop of NLRC5 (de)ubiquitination keeps IKK-NF-κB in check. J Cell Biol 2015; 211:941-3. [PMID: 26620908 PMCID: PMC4674284 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201511039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many receptors signal via adaptors to the IKK-NF-κB axis, transducing extracellular cues to transcriptional regulation. In this issue, Meng et al. (2015. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201505091) reveal that the IKK regulator NLRC5 shapes NF-κB activity through a feedforward loop of NLRC5 ubiquitination and deubiquitination, highlighting a new pathway modulating IKK-NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinling Hu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701
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38
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Singh A, Singh A, Bauer SJ, Wheeler DL, Havighurst TC, Kim K, Verma AK. Genetic deletion of TNFα inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in PKCε transgenic mice via inhibition of cell survival signals. Carcinogenesis 2015; 37:72-80. [PMID: 26586792 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), a Ca(2+)-independent phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is among the six PKC isoforms (α, δ, ε, η, μ, ζ) expressed in both mouse and human skin. Epidermal PKCε level dictates the susceptibility of PKCε transgenic (TG) mice to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) elicited either by repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or by using the DMBA initiation-TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) tumor promotion protocol (Wheeler,D.L. et al. (2004) Protein kinase C epsilon is an endogenous photosensitizer that enhances ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous damage and development of squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Res., 64, 7756-7765). Histologically, SCC in TG mice, like human SCC, is poorly differentiated and metastatic. Our earlier studies to elucidate mechanisms of PKCε-mediated development of SCC, using either DMBA-TPA or UVR, indicated elevated release of cytokine TNFα. To determine whether TNFα is essential for the development of SCC in TG mice, we generated PKCε transgenic mice/TNFα-knockout (TG/TNFαKO) by crossbreeding TNFαKO with TG mice. We now present that deletion of TNFα in TG mice inhibited the development of SCC either by repeated UVR exposures or by the DMBA-TPA protocol. TG mice deficient in TNFα elicited both increase in SCC latency and decrease in SCC incidence. Inhibition of UVR-induced SCC development in TG/TNFαKO was accompanied by inhibition of (i) the expression levels of TNFα receptors TNFRI and TNFRII and cell proliferation marker ornithine decarboxylase and metastatic markers MMP7 and MMP9, (ii) the activation of transcription factors Stat3 and NF-kB and (iii) proliferation of hair follicle stem cells and epidermal hyperplasia. The results presented here provide the first genetic evidence that TNFα is linked to PKCε-mediated sensitivity to DMBA-TPA or UVR-induced development of cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas C Havighurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Rolfs F, Huber M, Kuehne A, Kramer S, Haertel E, Muzumdar S, Wagner J, Tanner Y, Böhm F, Smola S, Zamboni N, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Beer HD, Hohl D, Werner S, Schäfer M. Nrf2 Activation Promotes Keratinocyte Survival during Early Skin Carcinogenesis via Metabolic Alterations. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4817-29. [PMID: 26530903 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic activation of the transcription factor NRF2 has been suggested to offer a strategy for cancer prevention. In this study, we present evidence from murine tumorigenesis experiments suggesting there may be limitations to this possibility, based on tumorigenic effects of Nrf2 in murine keratinocytes that have not been described previously. In this setting, Nrf2 expression conferred metabolic alterations in keratinocytes that were protumorigenic in nature, affecting enzymes involved in glutathione biosynthesis or in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and other NADPH-producing enzymes. Under stress conditions, coordinate increases in NADPH, purine, and glutathione levels promoted the survival of keratinocytes harboring oncogenic mutations, thereby promoting tumor development. The protumorigenic activity of Nrf2 in keratinocytes was particularly significant in a mouse model of skin tumorigenesis that did not rely upon chemical carcinogenesis. In exploring the clinical relevance of our findings, we confirm that NRF2 and protumorigenic NRF2 target genes were activated in some actinic keratoses, the major precancerous lesion in human skin. Overall, our results reveal an unexpected tumor-promoting activity of activated NRF2 during early phases of skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rolfs
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Huber
- Service de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie, Hôpital de Beaumont, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kuehne
- Department of Biology, Institute for Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kramer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Haertel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sukalp Muzumdar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Wagner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasmine Tanner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Böhm
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute for Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Service de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie, Hôpital de Beaumont, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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40
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Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2/3 interacts with p65 and stabilizes it in the cytoplasm in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:675. [PMID: 26458400 PMCID: PMC4603762 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SUMOylation, an important post-translational modification, associates with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). p65, one of the most important subunits of NF-κB, is a key regulator in the development of HCC and has been reported to be SUMOylated by exogenous small ubiquitin-related modifier 3 (SUMO3) in HEK 293T cells. However, the relationship between p65 and SUMO2/3 in HCC remains unknown. This study was to investigate the interaction between p65 and SUMO2/3 and explore the potential roles involved in HCC. Methods The expressions of p65 and SUMO2/3 in the liver tissues were detected by using immunohistochemistry. We performed double-labeled immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assay to verify the interaction between p65 and SUMO2/3. The extraction of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins was performed, and the subcellular localization of p65 was detected. The proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells were observed using MTT, colony formation, and transwell assays. Results We found a strong SUMO2/3-positive immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm in the non-tumor tissues of HCC. However, SUMO2/3 level was down regulated in the tumor tissues as compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues. In accordance with this finding, p65 was up regulated in the adjacent non-tumor tissues and almost localized in the cytoplasm. There was a close correlation between SUMO2/3 and p65 expressions in the liver tissues (R = 0.800, p = 0.006). The interaction between p65 and SUMO2/3 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and double-labeled immunofluorescent assays. TNF-α (10 ng/ml) treatment for 30 min not only up regulated the cytoplasmic conjugated SUMO2/3, but also enhanced SUMO2/3-p65 interaction. Furthermore, we found that SUMO2/3 up regulated the cytoplasmic p65 protein level in a dose-dependent manner, but not affected its mRNA level. The increase of p65 protein by SUMO2/3 was abolished by MG132 treatment, a reversible inhibitor of proteasome. Meanwhile, TNF-α-induced increase of SUMO2/3-conjugated p65 was along with the reduction of the ubiquitin-conjugated p65. The further study showed that SUMO2/3 over-expression decreased the proliferative ability of hepatoma cells, but did not affect the migration. Conclusion SUMO2/3-p65 interaction may be a novel mechanism involved in the transformation from chronic hepatitis B to HCC via stabilizing cytoplasmic p65, which might shed light on understanding the tumorigenesis and development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1665-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Watt SA, Purdie KJ, den Breems NY, Dimon M, Arron ST, McHugh AT, Xue DJ, Dayal JHS, Proby CM, Harwood CA, Leigh IM, South AP. Novel CARD11 Mutations in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lead to Aberrant NF-κB Regulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26212909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling plays a crucial role in regulating proliferation and differentiation in the epidermis. Alterations in the NF-κB pathway can lead to skin pathologies with a significant burden to human health such as psoriasis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing scaffold proteins are key regulators of NF-κB signaling by providing a link between membrane receptors and NF-κB transcriptional subunits. Mutations in the CARD family member, CARD14, have been identified in patients with the inflammatory skin diseases psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris. Here, we describe that the gene coding for another CARD scaffold protein, CARD11, is mutated in more than 38% of 111 cSCCs, and show that novel variants outside of the coiled-coil domain lead to constitutively activated NF-κB signaling. CARD11 protein expression was detectable in normal skin and increased in all cSCCs tested. CARD11 mRNA levels were comparable with CARD14 in normal skin and CARD11 mRNA was increased in cSCC. In addition, we identified CARD11 mutations in peritumoral and sun-exposed skin, suggesting that CARD11-mediated alterations in NF-κB signaling may be an early event in the development of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Watt
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Karin J Purdie
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle Dimon
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Angela T McHugh
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan J Xue
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jasbani H S Dayal
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P South
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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