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Li S, Sun H, Chen L, Fu Y. Targeting limbal epithelial stem cells: master conductors of corneal epithelial regeneration from the bench to multilevel theranostics. J Transl Med 2024; 22:794. [PMID: 39198892 PMCID: PMC11350997 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye and plays an essential role in our visual system. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs), which are localized to a highly regulated limbal niche, are the master conductors of corneal epithelial regeneration. Damage to LESCs and their niche may result in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a disease confused ophthalmologists so many years and can lead to corneal conjunctivalization, neovascularization, and even blindness. How to restore the LESCs function is the hot topic for ocular scientists and clinicians around the world. This review introduced LESCs and the niche microenvironment, outlined various techniques for isolating and culturing LESCs used in LSCD research, presented common diseases that cause LSCD, and provided a comprehensive overview of both the diagnosis and multiple treatments for LSCD from basic research to clinical therapies, especially the emerging cell therapies based on various stem cell sources. In addition, we also innovatively concluded the latest strategies in recent years, including exogenous drugs, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, exosome and gene therapy, as well as the ongoing clinical trials for treating LSCD in recent five years. Finally, we highlighted challenges from bench to bedside in LSCD and discussed cutting-edge areas in LSCD therapeutic research. We hope that this review could pave the way for future research and translation on treating LSCD, a crucial step in the field of ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiding Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Liangbo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Tang X, Wang J, Chen J, Liu W, Qiao P, Quan H, Li Z, Dang E, Wang G, Shao S. Epidermal stem cells: skin surveillance and clinical perspective. J Transl Med 2024; 22:779. [PMID: 39169334 PMCID: PMC11340167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin epidermis is continually influenced by a myriad of internal and external elements. At its basal layer reside epidermal stem cells, which fuels epidermal renovation and hair regeneration with powerful self-renewal ability, as well as keeping diverse signals that direct their activity under surveillance with quick response. The importance of epidermal stem cells in wound healing and immune-related skin conditions has been increasingly recognized, and their potential for clinical applications is attracting attention. In this review, we delve into recent advancements and the various physiological and psychological factors that govern distinct epidermal stem cell populations, including psychological stress, mechanical forces, chronic aging, and circadian rhythm, as well as providing an overview of current methodological approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic role of epidermal stem cells in immune-related skin disorders and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Huiyi Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
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3
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Ndongo Sonfack DJ, Tanguay Boivin C, Touzel Deschênes L, Maurand T, Maguemoun C, Berthod F, Gros-Louis F, Champagne PO. Bioengineering Human Upper Respiratory Mucosa: A Systematic Review of the State of the Art of Cell Culture Techniques. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:826. [PMID: 39199784 PMCID: PMC11352167 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upper respiratory mucosa plays a crucial role in both the physical integrity and immunological function of the respiratory tract. However, in certain situations such as infections, trauma, or surgery, it might sustain damage. Tissue engineering, a field of regenerative medicine, has found applications in various medical fields including but not limited to plastic surgery, ophthalmology, and urology. However, its application to the respiratory system remains somewhat difficult due to the complex morphology and histology of the upper respiratory tract. To date, a culture protocol for producing a handleable, well-differentiated nasal mucosa has yet to be developed. The objective of this review is to describe the current state of research pertaining to cell culture techniques used for producing autologous healthy human upper respiratory cells and mucosal tissues, as well as describe its clinical applications. METHODS A search of the relevant literature was carried out with no time restriction across Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline Ovid databases. Keywords related to "respiratory mucosa" and "culture techniques of the human airway" were the focus of the search strategy for this review. The risk of bias in retained studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal tools for qualitative research. A narrative synthesis of our results was then conducted. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were included in this review, and thirteen of these focused solely on developing a cell culture protocol without further use. The rest of the studies used their own developed protocol for various applications such as cystic fibrosis, pharmacological, and viral research. One study was able to develop a promising model for nasal mucosa that could be employed as a replacement in nasotracheal reconstructive surgery. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review extensively explored the current state of research regarding cell culture techniques for producing tissue-engineered nasal mucosa. Bioengineering the nasal mucosa holds great potential for clinical use. However, further research on mechanical properties is essential, as the comparison of engineered tissues is currently focused on morphology rather than comprehensive mechanical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaine Joel Ndongo Sonfack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clémence Tanguay Boivin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - Lydia Touzel Deschênes
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thibault Maurand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - Célina Maguemoun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
| | - François Berthod
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
| | - Pierre-Olivier Champagne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.T.B.); (T.M.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (F.G.-L.); (P.-O.C.)
- LOEX, CHU de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada;
- Laval University Neurosurgery Innovation Laboratory (LINUL), Quebec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Vera D, García-Díaz M, Torras N, Castillo Ó, Illa X, Villa R, Alvarez M, Martinez E. A 3D bioprinted hydrogel gut-on-chip with integrated electrodes for transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035008. [PMID: 38574551 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3aa4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Conventional gut-on-chip (GOC) models typically represent the epithelial layer of the gut tissue, neglecting other important components such as the stromal compartment and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and function. These models often employ hard, flat porous membranes for cell culture, thus failing to recapitulate the soft environment and complex 3D architecture of the intestinal mucosa. Alternatively, hydrogels have been recently introduced in GOCs as ECM analogs to support the co-culture of intestinal cells inin vivo-like configurations, and thus opening new opportunities in the organ-on-chip field. In this work, we present an innovative GOC device that includes a 3D bioprinted hydrogel channel replicating the intestinal villi architecture containing both the epithelial and stromal compartments of the gut mucosa. The bioprinted hydrogels successfully support both the encapsulation of fibroblasts and their co-culture with intestinal epithelial cells under physiological flow conditions. Moreover, we successfully integrated electrodes into the microfluidic system to monitor the barrier formation in real time via transepithelial electrical resistance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - María García-Díaz
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Núria Torras
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Óscar Castillo
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xavi Illa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Elena Martinez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
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5
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Liu W, Wang Q, Bai Y, Xiao H, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang Q, Yang J, Sun H. Potential Application of Intestinal Organoids in Intestinal Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:124-137. [PMID: 37938407 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
To accurately reveal the scenario and mecahnism of gastrointestinal diseases, the establishment of in vitro models of intestinal diseases and drug screening platforms have become the focus of attention. Over the past few decades, animal models and immortalized cell lines have provided valuable but limited insights into gastrointestinal research. In recent years, the development of intestinal organoid culture system has revolutionized in vitro studies of intestinal diseases. Intestinal organoids are derived from self-renewal and self-organization intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which can replicate the genetic characteristics, functions, and structures of the original tissues. Consequently, they provide new stragety for studying various intestinal diseases in vitro. In the review, we will discuss the culture techniques of intestinal organoids and describe the use of intestinal organoids as research tools for intestinal diseases. The role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) played in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and the treatment of intestinal epithelial dysfunction will be highlighted. Besides, we review the current knowledge on using intestinal organoids as models to study the pathogenesis of IBD caused by epithelial dysfunction and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we shed light on the current challenges of using intestinal organoids as in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhunduo Li
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Lanzhou Huazhitiancheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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Zekušić M, Bujić Mihica M, Skoko M, Vukušić K, Risteski P, Martinčić J, Tolić IM, Bendelja K, Ramić S, Dolenec T, Vrgoč Zimić I, Puljić D, Petric Vicković I, Iveković R, Batarilo I, Prosenc Zmrzljak U, Hoffmeister A, Vučemilo T. New characterization and safety evaluation of human limbal stem cells used in clinical application: fidelity of mitotic process and mitotic spindle morphologies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:368. [PMID: 38093301 PMCID: PMC10720168 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are crucial for the regeneration of the corneal epithelium in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Thus, LSCs during cultivation in vitro should be in highly homogeneous amounts, while potency and expression of stemness without tumorigenesis would be desirable. Therefore, further characterization and safety evaluation of engineered limbal grafts is required to provide safe and high-quality therapeutic applications. METHODS After in vitro expansion, LSCs undergo laboratory characterization in a single-cell suspension, cell culture, and in limbal grafts before transplantation. Using a clinically applicable protocol, the data collected on LSCs at passage 1 were summarized, including: identity (cell size, morphology); potency (yield, viability, population doubling time, colony-forming efficiency); expression of putative stem cell markers through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Then, mitotic chromosome stability and normal mitotic outcomes were explored by using live-cell imaging. Finally, impurities, bacterial endotoxins and sterility were determined. RESULTS Expression of the stemness marker p63 in single-cell suspension and in cell culture showed high values by different methods. Limbal grafts showed p63-positive cells (78.7 ± 9.4%), Ki67 proliferation (41.7 ± 15.9%), while CK3 was negative. Impurity with 3T3 feeder cells and endotoxins was minimized. We presented mitotic spindles with a length of 11.40 ± 0.54 m and a spindle width of 8.05 ± 0.55 m as new characterization in LSC culture. Additionally, live-cell imaging of LSCs (n = 873) was performed, and only a small fraction < 2.5% of aberrant interphase cells was observed; 2.12 ± 2.10% of mitotic spindles exhibited a multipolar phenotype during metaphase, and 3.84 ± 3.77% of anaphase cells had a DNA signal present within the spindle midzone, indicating a chromosome bridge or lagging chromosome phenotype. CONCLUSION This manuscript provides, for the first time, detailed characterization of the parameters of fidelity of the mitotic process and mitotic spindle morphologies of LSCs used in a direct clinical application. Our data show that p63-positive CK3-negative LSCs grown in vitro for clinical purposes undergo mitotic processes with extremely high fidelity, suggesting high karyotype stability. This finding confirms LSCs as a high-quality and safe therapy for eye regeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zekušić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Bujić Mihica
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Skoko
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kruno Vukušić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrik Risteski
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Martinčić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Laboratory of Immunology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Oncological Pathology and Clinical Cytology 'Ljudevit Jurak', University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Dolenec
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vrgoč Zimić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominik Puljić
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Petric Vicković
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Iveković
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Batarilo
- Department of Microbiology, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak
- Molecular Biology Department, BIA Separations CRO, Labena d.O.O, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Labena d.o.o, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tiha Vučemilo
- Department of Transfusion and Regenerative Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ragazzini R, Boeing S, Zanieri L, Green M, D'Agostino G, Bartolovic K, Agua-Doce A, Greco M, Watson SA, Batsivari A, Ariza-McNaughton L, Gjinovci A, Scoville D, Nam A, Hayday AC, Bonnet D, Bonfanti P. Defining the identity and the niches of epithelial stem cells with highly pleiotropic multilineage potency in the human thymus. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2428-2446.e9. [PMID: 37652013 PMCID: PMC10957394 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Thymus is necessary for lifelong immunological tolerance and immunity. It displays a distinctive epithelial complexity and undergoes age-dependent atrophy. Nonetheless, it also retains regenerative capacity, which, if harnessed appropriately, might permit rejuvenation of adaptive immunity. By characterizing cortical and medullary compartments in the human thymus at single-cell resolution, in this study we have defined specific epithelial populations, including those that share properties with bona fide stem cells (SCs) of lifelong regenerating epidermis. Thymic epithelial SCs display a distinctive transcriptional profile and phenotypic traits, including pleiotropic multilineage potency, to give rise to several cell types that were not previously considered to have shared origin. Using here identified SC markers, we have defined their cortical and medullary niches and shown that, in vitro, the cells display long-term clonal expansion and self-organizing capacity. These data substantively broaden our knowledge of SC biology and set a stage for tackling thymic atrophy and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ragazzini
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Luca Zanieri
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Mary Green
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Plasticell Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Kerol Bartolovic
- Flow Cytometry Core, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Agua-Doce
- Flow Cytometry Core, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria Greco
- Single Cell Facility, MRC WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sara A Watson
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antoniana Batsivari
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Linda Ariza-McNaughton
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Asllan Gjinovci
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | | | - Andy Nam
- NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK.
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8
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Torras N, Zabalo J, Abril E, Carré A, García-Díaz M, Martínez E. A bioprinted 3D gut model with crypt-villus structures to mimic the intestinal epithelial-stromal microenvironment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213534. [PMID: 37356284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is a complex tissue with a characteristic three-dimensional (3D) crypt-villus architecture, which plays a key role in the intestinal function. This function is also regulated by the intestinal stroma that actively supports the intestinal epithelium, maintaining the homeostasis of the tissue. Efforts to account for the 3D complex structure of the intestinal tissue have been focused mainly in mimicking the epithelial barrier, while solutions to include the stromal compartment are scarce and unpractical to be used in routine experiments. Here we demonstrate that by employing an optimized bioink formulation and the suitable printing parameters it is possible to produce fibroblast-laden crypt-villus structures by means of digital light projection stereolithography (DLP-SLA). This process provides excellent cell viability, accurate spatial resolution, and high printing throughput, resulting in a robust biofabrication approach that yields functional gut mucosa tissues compatible with conventional testing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Torras
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jon Zabalo
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Abril
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albane Carré
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María García-Díaz
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Nizamoglu M, Joglekar MM, Almeida CR, Larsson Callerfelt AK, Dupin I, Guenat OT, Henrot P, van Os L, Otero J, Elowsson L, Farre R, Burgess JK. Innovative three-dimensional models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230042. [PMID: 37495250 PMCID: PMC10369168 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0042-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases result from alteration and/or destruction of lung tissue, inevitably causing decreased breathing capacity and quality of life for patients. While animal models have paved the way for our understanding of pathobiology and the development of therapeutic strategies for disease management, their translational capacity is limited. There is, therefore, a well-recognised need for innovative in vitro models to reflect chronic lung diseases, which will facilitate mechanism investigation and the advancement of new treatment strategies. In the last decades, lungs have been modelled in healthy and diseased conditions using precision-cut lung slices, organoids, extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels and lung-on-chip systems. These three-dimensional models together provide a wide spectrum of applicability and mimicry of the lung microenvironment. While each system has its own limitations, their advantages over traditional two-dimensional culture systems, or even over animal models, increases the value of in vitro models. Generating new and advanced models with increased translational capacity will not only benefit our understanding of the pathobiology of lung diseases but should also shorten the timelines required for discovery and generation of new therapeutics. This article summarises and provides an outline of the European Respiratory Society research seminar "Innovative 3D models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research", held in Lisbon, Portugal, in April 2022. Current in vitro models developed for recapitulating healthy and diseased lungs are outlined and discussed with respect to the challenges associated with them, efforts to develop best practices for model generation, characterisation and utilisation of models and state-of-the-art translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Mugdha M Joglekar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Isabelle Dupin
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Henrot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Lisette van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramon Farre
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Li J, Wu Y, Yao X, Tian Y, Sun X, Liu Z, Ye X, Wu C. Preclinical Research of Stem Cells: Challenges and Progress. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10528-y. [PMID: 37097496 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, great breakthroughs have been made in basic research and clinical applications of stem cells in regenerative medicine and other fields, which continue to inspire people to explore the field of stem cells. With nearly unlimited self-renewal ability, stem cells can generate at least one type of highly differentiated daughter cell, which provides broad development prospects for the treatment of human organ damage and other diseases. In the field of stem cell research, related technologies for inducing or isolating stem cells are relatively mature, and a variety of stable stem cell lines have been successfully constructed. To realize the full clinical application of stem cells as soon as possible, it is more and more important to further optimize each stage of stem cell research while conforming to Current Good Manufacture Practices (cGMP) standards. Here, we synthesized recent developments in stem cell research and focus on the introduction of xenogenicity in the preclinical research process and the remaining problems of various cell bioreactors. Our goal is to promote the development of technologies for xeno-free culture and clinical expansion of stem cells through in-depth discussion of current research. This review will provide new insight into stem cell research protocols and will contribute to the creation of efficient and stable stem cell expansion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Li
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yurou Wu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zibo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Parhi R. Recent advances in 3D printed microneedles and their skin delivery application in the treatment of various diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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12
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Feisst V, Kelch I, Dunn E, Williams E, Meidinger S, Chen CJJ, Girvan R, Zhou L, Sheppard H, Locke M, Dunbar PR. Rapid culture of human keratinocytes in an autologous, feeder-free system with a novel growth medium. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:174-184. [PMID: 36229300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The ability to culture human keratinocytes is beneficial in the treatment of skin injury and disease, as well as for testing chemicals in vitro as a substitute for animal testing. RESULTS We have identified a novel culture medium for the rapid growth of keratinocytes from human skin. "Kelch's medium" supports keratinocyte growth that is as rapid as in the classical Rheinwald and Green method, but without the need for cholera toxin or xenogeneic feeder cells. It enables keratinocytes to out-compete co-cultured autologous fibroblasts so that separation of the epidermis from the dermis is no longer required before keratinocyte culture. Enzymatic digests of whole human skin can therefore be used to generate parallel cultures of autologous keratinocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytes simply by using different cell culture media. CONCLUSIONS This new keratinocyte medium and the simplified manufacturing procedures it enables are likely to be beneficial in skin engineering, especially for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughan Feisst
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Inken Kelch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elliott Dunn
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eloise Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Meidinger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Rebecca Girvan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Locke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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13
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The progress in techniques for culturing human limbal epithelial stem cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1-14. [PMID: 36181663 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro culture of human limbal epithelial stem cells (hLESCs) is crucial to cell therapy in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency, a potentially vision-threatening disease that is characterized by persistent corneal epithelial defects and corneal epithelium conjunctivalization. Traditionally, hLESCs are cultivated based on either limbal tissue explants or single-cell suspensions in culture media containing xenogenous components, such as fetal bovine serum and murine 3T3 feeder cells. Plastic culture dishes and human amniotic membranes are classical growth substrates used in conventional hLESC culture systems. The past few decades have witnessed considerable progress and innovations in hLESC culture techniques to ensure a higher level of biosafety and lower immunogenicity for further cell treatment, including complete removal of xenogenous components from culture media, the application of human-derived feeder cells, and the development of novel scaffolds. Three-dimensional artificial niches and three-dimensional culture techniques have also been established to simulate the real microenvironment of limbal crypts for better cell outgrowth and proliferation. All these progresses ensure that in vitro cultured hLESCs are more adaptable to translational stem cell therapy for limbal stem cell deficiency.
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14
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Arjmand B, Rabbani Z, Soveyzi F, Tayanloo-Beik A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Biglar M, Adibi H, Larijani B. Advancement of Organoid Technology in Regenerative Medicine. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 9:83-96. [PMID: 35968268 PMCID: PMC9360642 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Organoids are three-dimensional cultures of stem cells in an environment similar to the body's extracellular matrix. This is also a novel development in the realm of regenerative medicine. Stem cells can begin to develop into 3D structures by modifying signaling pathways. To form organoids, stem cells are transplanted into the extracellular matrix. Organoids have provided the required technologies to reproduce human tissues. As a result, it might be used in place of animal models in scientific study. The key goals of these investigations are research into viral and genetic illnesses, malignancies, and extracellular vesicles, pharmaceutical discovery, and organ transplantation. Organoids can help pave the road for precision medicine through genetic editing, pharmaceutical development, and cell therapy. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used to search for all relevant papers written in English (1907-2021). The study abstracts were scrutinized. Studies on the use of stem-cell-derived organoids in regenerative medicine, organoids as 3D culture models for EVs analysis, and organoids for precision medicine were included. Articles with other irrelevant aims, meetings, letters, commentaries, congress and conference abstracts, and articles with no available full texts were excluded. Results According to the included studies, organoids have various origins, types, and applications in regenerative and precision medicine, as well as an important role in studying extracellular vesicles. Conclusion Organoids are considered a bridge that connects preclinical studies to clinical ones. However, the lack of a standardized protocol and other barriers addressed in this review, hinder the vast use of this technology. Lay Summary Organoids are 3D stem cell propagations in biological or synthetic scaffolds that mimic ECM to allow intercellular or matrix-cellular crosstalk. Because these structures are similar to organs in the body, they can be used as research models. Organoids are medicine's future hope for organ transplantation, tumor biobank formation, and the development of precision medicine. Organoid models can be used to study cell-to-cell interactions as well as effective factors like inflammation and aging. Bioengineering technologies are also used to define the size, shape, and composition of organoids before transforming them into precise structures. Finally, the importance of organoid applications in regenerative medicine has opened a new window for a better understanding of biological research, as discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rabbani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Soveyzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rousselle P, Laigle C, Rousselet G. The basement membrane in epidermal polarity, stemness, and regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1807-C1822. [PMID: 36374168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a specialized epithelium that constitutes the outermost layer of the skin, and it provides a protective barrier against environmental assaults. Primarily consisting of multilayered keratinocytes, the epidermis is continuously renewed by proliferation of stem cells and the differentiation of their progeny, which undergo terminal differentiation as they leave the basal layer and move upward toward the surface, where they die and slough off. Basal keratinocytes rest on a basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction that is composed of specific extracellular matrix proteins organized into interactive and mechanically supportive networks. Firm attachment of basal keratinocytes, and their dynamic regulation via focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes, is essential for maintaining major skin processes, such as self-renewal, barrier function, and resistance to physical and chemical stresses. The adhesive integrin receptors expressed by epidermal cells serve structural, signaling, and mechanosensory roles that are critical for epidermal cell anchorage and tissue homeostasis. More specifically, the basement membrane components play key roles in preserving the stem cell pool, and establishing cell polarity cues enabling asymmetric cell divisions, which result in the transition from a proliferative basal cell layer to suprabasal cells committed to terminal differentiation. Finally, through a well-regulated sequence of synthesis and remodeling, the components of the dermal-epidermal junction play an essential role in regeneration of the epidermis during skin healing. Here too, they provide biological and mechanical signals that are essential to the restoration of barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Laigle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gaelle Rousselet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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16
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Hynds RE. Exploiting the potential of lung stem cells to develop pro-regenerative therapies. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059423. [PMID: 36239242 PMCID: PMC9581519 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic lung diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Unfortunately, these diseases are increasing in frequency and we have limited treatment options for severe lung diseases. New therapies are needed that not only treat symptoms or slow disease progression, but also enable the regeneration of functional lung tissue. Both airways and alveoli contain populations of epithelial stem cells with the potential to self-renew and produce differentiated progeny. Understanding the mechanisms that determine the behaviour of these cells, and their interactions with their niches, will allow future generations of respiratory therapies that protect the lungs from disease onset, promote regeneration from endogenous stem cells or enable regeneration through the delivery of exogenous cells. This review summarises progress towards each of these goals, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of developing pro-regenerative (bio)pharmaceutical, gene and cell therapies for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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17
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Xiao L, Zhu J, Liu Z, Wu B, Zhou X, Wei Y, Sun F, Wang Z, Quan S, Li Q, Wang J, Huang L, Ma Y. Different transcriptional profiles of human embryonic stem cells grown in a feeder-free culture system and on human foreskin fibroblast feeder layers. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7443-7454. [PMID: 36103219 PMCID: PMC9550256 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feeder cells provide an optimal microenvironment for the propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by supplying currently known or unknown factors. However, the hESCs grown on feeder cells are not suitable for the purpose of clinical application because of the risk of contamination. In recent years, the feeder-free culture method has been developed to eliminate contamination, but some studies show that hESCs exhibit poor growth patterns in a feeder-free culture system. Regarding this phenomenon, we speculate that some genes related to hESC propagation were differently expressed in hESCs grown on feeder cells. To test this hypothesis, 3 hESC lines (NF4, NF5 and P096) were efficiently expanded in a feeder-free culture system or on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. The different gene expression patterns of hESCs in these 2 conditions were analyzed through microarrays. The results revealed that the hESCs cultured in both conditions maintained the expression of stemness markers and the ability to spontaneously differentiate into the 3 germ layers. The analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 23 lncRNA and 15 genes were significantly differentially expressed in these two culture conditions. Furthermore, GO analyses showed that these genes were involved in such biological processes as growth factor stimuli, cell growth, and stem cell maintenance. To summarize, our study demonstrated that the hESCs grown on the HFF showed different gene expression patterns compared to those grown in a feeder-free culture system, suggesting that these differently expressed lncRNAs and genes played important roles in maintaining hESC propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Bangyong Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Molecular Development and Disease, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
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18
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Yeganeh PM, Tahmasebi S, Esmaeilzadeh A. Cellular and biological factors involved in healing wounds and burns and treatment options in tissue engineering. Regen Med 2022; 17:401-418. [PMID: 35545963 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe traumatic wounds and burns have a high chance of mortality and can leave survivors with many functional disabilities and cosmetic problems, including scars. The healing process requires a harmonious interplay of various cells and growth factors. Different structures of the skin house numerous cells, matrix components and growth factors. Any disturbance in the balance between these components can impair the healing process. The function of cells and growth factors can be manipulated and facilitated to aid tissue repair. In the current review, the authors focus on the importance of the skin microenvironment, the pathophysiology of various types of burns, mechanisms and factors involved in skin repair and wound healing and regeneration of the skin using tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, 4513956111, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
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19
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Valverde MG, Mille LS, Figler KP, Cervantes E, Li VY, Bonventre JV, Masereeuw R, Zhang YS. Biomimetic models of the glomerulus. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:241-257. [PMID: 35064233 PMCID: PMC9949601 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomimetic models of the glomerulus has the potential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and to enable progress in therapeutics. Current in vitro models comprise organ-on-a-chip, scaffold-based and organoid approaches. Glomerulus-on-a-chip designs mimic components of glomerular microfluidic flow but lack the inherent complexity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Scaffold-based 3D culture systems and organoids provide greater microenvironmental complexity but do not replicate fluid flows and dynamic responses to fluidic stimuli. As the available models do not accurately model the structure or filtration function of the glomerulus, their applications are limited. An optimal approach to glomerular modelling is yet to be developed, but the field will probably benefit from advances in biofabrication techniques. In particular, 3D bioprinting technologies could enable the fabrication of constructs that recapitulate the complex structure of the glomerulus and the glomerular filtration barrier. The next generation of in vitro glomerular models must be suitable for high(er)-content or/and high(er)-throughput screening to enable continuous and systematic monitoring. Moreover, coupling of glomerular or kidney models with those of other organs is a promising approach to enable modelling of partial or full-body responses to drugs and prediction of therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Valverde
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luis S Mille
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kianti P Figler
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ernesto Cervantes
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Y Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Sutterby E, Thurgood P, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K, Pirogova E. Evaluation of in vitro human skin models for studying effects of external stressors and stimuli and developing treatment modalities. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sutterby
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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21
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Development and clinical translation of ex vivo gene therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2986-3003. [PMID: 35782737 PMCID: PMC9218169 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral gene therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for multiple inherited and acquired human diseases. The capability of delivering curative treatment or mediating therapeutic benefits for a long-term period following a single application fundamentally distinguishes this medical intervention from traditional medicine and various lentiviral/γ-retroviral vector-mediated gene therapy products have been approved for clinical use. Continued advances in retroviral vector engineering, genomic editing, synthetic biology and immunology will broaden the medical applications of gene therapy and improve the efficacy and safety of the treatments based on genetic correction and alteration. This review will summarize the advent and clinical translation of ex vivo gene therapy, with the focus on the milestones during the exploitation of genetically engineered hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) tackling a variety of pathological conditions which led to marketing approval. Finally, current statue and future prospects of gene editing as an alternative therapeutic approach are also discussed.
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22
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Phan MAT, Madigan MC, Stapleton F, Willcox M, Golebiowski B. Human meibomian gland epithelial cell culture models: Current progress, challenges, and future directions. Ocul Surf 2021; 23:96-113. [PMID: 34843998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The widely used immortalised human meibomian gland epithelia cell (iHMGEC) line has made possible extensive studies of the biology and pathophysiology of meibomian glands (MG). Tissue culture protocols for iHMGEC have been revised and modified to optimise the growth conditions for cell differentiation and lipid accumulation. iHMGEC proliferate in serum-free medium but require serum or other appropriate exogenous factors to differentiate. Several supplements can enhance differentiation and neutral lipid accumulation in iHMGEC grown in serum-containing medium. In serum-free medium, rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist, is reported to induce iHMGEC differentiation, neutral lipid accumulation and expression of key biomarkers of differentiation. iHMGEC cultured in serum-containing medium under hypoxia or with azithromycin increases DNAse 2 activity, a biomarker of terminal differentiation in sebocytes. The production of lipids with composition similar to meibum has not been observed in vitro and this remains a major challenge for iHMGEC culture. Innovative methodologies such as 3D ex vivo culture of MG and generation of MG organoids from stem cells are important for further developing a model that more closely mimics the in vivo biology of human MG and to facilitate the next generation of studies of MG disease and dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Thu Phan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia.
| | - Michele C Madigan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
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23
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Nanba D, Toki F, Asakawa K, Matsumura H, Shiraishi K, Sayama K, Matsuzaki K, Toki H, Nishimura EK. EGFR-mediated epidermal stem cell motility drives skin regeneration through COL17A1 proteolysis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202012073. [PMID: 34550317 PMCID: PMC8563287 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin regenerative capacity declines with age, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a functional link between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and type XVII collagen (COL17A1) proteolysis on age-associated alteration of keratinocyte stem cell dynamics in skin regeneration. Live-imaging and computer simulation experiments predicted that human keratinocyte stem cell motility is coupled with self-renewal and epidermal regeneration. Receptor tyrosine kinase array identified the age-associated decline of EGFR signaling in mouse skin wound healing. Culture experiments proved that EGFR activation drives human keratinocyte stem cell motility with increase of COL17A1 by inhibiting its proteolysis through the secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1). Intriguingly, COL17A1 directly regulated keratinocyte stem cell motility and collective cell migration by coordinating actin and keratin filament networks. We conclude that EGFR-COL17A1 axis-mediated keratinocyte stem cell motility drives epidermal regeneration, which provides a novel therapeutic approach for age-associated impaired skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujio Toki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Matsuzaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toki
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi K. Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Lee DDH, Cardinale D, Nigro E, Butler CR, Rutman A, Fassad MR, Hirst RA, Moulding D, Agrotis A, Forsythe E, Peckham D, Robson E, Smith CM, Somavarapu S, Beales PL, Hart SL, Janes SM, Mitchison HM, Ketteler R, Hynds RE, O'Callaghan C. Higher throughput drug screening for rare respiratory diseases: readthrough therapy in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00455-2020. [PMID: 33795320 PMCID: PMC8514977 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of therapeutic approaches for rare respiratory diseases is hampered by the lack of systems that allow medium-to-high-throughput screening of fully differentiated respiratory epithelium from affected patients. This is a particular problem for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in genes that adversely affect ciliary movement and consequently mucociliary transport. Primary cell culture of basal epithelial cells from nasal brush biopsies followed by ciliated differentiation at the air-liquid interface (ALI) has proven to be a useful tool in PCD diagnostics but the technique's broader utility, including in pre-clinical PCD research, has been restricted by the limited number of basal cells that can be expanded from such biopsies. METHODS We describe an immunofluorescence screening method, enabled by extensive expansion of basal cells from PCD patients and the directed differentiation of these cells into ciliated epithelium in miniaturised 96-well transwell format ALI cultures. As proof-of-principle, we performed a personalised investigation in a patient with a rare and severe form of PCD (reduced generation of motile cilia), in this case caused by a homozygous nonsense mutation in the MCIDAS gene. RESULTS Initial analyses of ciliary ultrastructure, beat pattern and beat frequency in the 96-well transwell format ALI cultures indicate that a range of different PCD defects can be retained in these cultures. The screening system in our proof-of-principal investigation allowed drugs that induce translational readthrough to be evaluated alone or in combination with nonsense-mediated decay inhibitors. We observed restoration of basal body formation but not the generation of cilia in the patient's nasal epithelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a platform for higher throughput analyses of airway epithelia that is applicable in a range of settings and suggests novel avenues for drug evaluation and development in PCD caused by nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Do Hyang Lee
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- D.D.H. Lee and D. Cardinale contributed equally
| | - Daniela Cardinale
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- D.D.H. Lee and D. Cardinale contributed equally
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rutman
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mahmoud R Fassad
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alexander Agrotis
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Forsythe
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Evie Robson
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Philip L Beales
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- R.E. Hynds and C. O'Callaghan contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- R.E. Hynds and C. O'Callaghan contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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25
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Bonnet C, Brahmbhatt A, Deng SX, Zheng JJ. Wnt signaling activation: targets and therapeutic opportunities for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1144-1157. [PMID: 34458828 PMCID: PMC8341040 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins are secreted morphogens that play critical roles in embryonic development, stem cell proliferation, self-renewal, tissue regeneration and remodeling in adults. While aberrant Wnt signaling contributes to diseases such as cancer, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a target of interest in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Recent high throughput screenings from chemical and biological libraries, combined with improved gene expression reporter assays of Wnt/β-catenin activation together with rational drug design, led to the development of a myriad of Wnt activators, with different mechanisms of actions. Among them, Wnt mimics, antibodies targeting Wnt inhibitors, glycogen-synthase-3β inhibitors, and indirubins and other natural product derivatives are emerging modalities to treat bone, neurodegenerative, eye, and metabolic disorders, as well as prevent ageing. Nevertheless, the creation of Wnt-based therapies has been hampered by challenges in developing potent and selective Wnt activators without off-target effects, such as oncogenesis. On the other hand, to avoid these risks, their use to promote ex vivo expansion during tissue engineering is a promising application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical Development, Paris University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, and Cornea Departement, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP F-75014 Paris France
| | - Anvi Brahmbhatt
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jie J Zheng
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA +1-3107947906 +1-3102062173
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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26
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Tait A, Proctor T, Hamilton NJI, Birchall MA, Lowdell MW. GMP compliant isolation of mucosal epithelial cells and fibroblasts from biopsy samples for clinical tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12392. [PMID: 34117337 PMCID: PMC8196163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered epithelial cell sheets for clinical replacement of non-functional upper aerodigestive tract mucosa are regulated as medicinal products and should be manufactured to the standards of good manufacturing practice (GMP). The current gold standard for growth of epithelial cells for research utilises growth arrested murine 3T3 J2 feeder layers, which are not available for use as a GMP compliant raw material. Using porcine mucosal tissue, we demonstrate a new method for obtaining and growing non-keratinised squamous epithelial cells and fibroblast cells from a single biopsy, replacing the 3T3 J2 with a growth arrested primary fibroblast feeder layer and using pooled Human Platelet lysate (HPL) as the media serum supplement to replace foetal bovine serum (FBS). The initial isolation of the cells was semi-automated using an Octodissociator and the resultant cell suspension cryopreservation for future use. When compared to the gold standard of 3T3 J2 and FBS containing medium there was no reduction in growth, viability, stem cell population or ability to differentiate to mature epithelial cells. Furthermore, this method was replicated with Human buccal tissue, providing cells of sufficient quality and number to create a tissue engineered sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tait
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Toby Proctor
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mark W Lowdell
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Orr JC, Hynds RE. Stem Cell-derived Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures as Human Disease Models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:657-668. [PMID: 33428856 PMCID: PMC8456877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0440tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology and the understanding of factors that determine lung stem cell self-renewal have enabled long-term in vitro culture of human lung cells derived from airway basal and alveolar type II cells. Improved capability to expand and study primary cells long term, including in clonal cultures that are recently derived from a single cell, will allow experiments that address fundamental questions about lung homeostasis and repair, as well as translational questions in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer research. Here, we provide a brief history of postnatal lung epithelial cell culture and describe recent methodological advances. We further discuss the applications of primary cultures in defining "normal" epithelium, in modeling lung disease, and in future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Orr
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, and
| | - Robert E Hynds
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Bukowy-Bieryłło Z. Long-term differentiating primary human airway epithelial cell cultures: how far are we? Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:63. [PMID: 34044844 PMCID: PMC8159066 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human airway epithelial (HAE) cellular models are widely used in applicative studies of the airway physiology and disease. In vitro expanded and differentiated primary HAE cells collected from patients seem to be an accurate model of human airway, offering a quicker and cheaper alternative to the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) models. However, the biggest drawback of primary HAE models is their limited proliferative lifespan in culture. Much work has been devoted to understand the factors, which govern the HAE cell proliferation and differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. Here, I have summarized recent achievements in primary HAE culture, with the special emphasis on the models of conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC), which allow longer in vitro proliferation and differentiation of HAE cells. The review compares the CRC HAE technique variants (feeder culture or HAE mono-culture), based on recently published studies exploiting this model. The advantages and limitations of each CRC HAE model variant are summarized, along with the description of other factors affecting the CRC HAE culture success (tissue type, sampling method, sample quality). CONCLUSIONS CRC HAE cultures are a useful technique in respiratory research, which in many cases exceeds the iPSCs and organoid culture methods. Until the current limitations of the iPSCs and organoid culture methods will be alleviated, the primary CRC HAE cultures might be a useful model in respiratory research. Airway epithelium (AE) is a type of tissue, which lines the whole length of human airways, from the nose to the bronchi. Improper functioning of AE causes several human airway disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis (CF). Much work has been devoted to finding the best scientific model of human AE, in order to learn about its functioning in health and disease. Among the popular AE models are the primary in vitro cultured AE cells collected from human donors. Unfortunately, such human AE (HAE) cells do not easily divide (expand) in vitro; this poses a large logistic and ethical problem for the researchers. Here, I summarize recent achievements in the methods for in vitro culture of human AE cells, with special emphasis on the conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) models, which allow longer and more effective expansion of primary human AE cells in vitro. The review describes how the specific chemicals used in the CRC models work to allow the increased HAE divisions and compares the effects of the different so-far developed variants of the CRC HAE culture. The review also pinpoints the areas which need to be refined, in order to maximize the usefulness of the CRC AE cultures from human donors in research on human airway disorders. Video abstract.
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29
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Bonnet C, Roberts JS, Deng SX. Limbal stem cell diseases. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108437. [PMID: 33571530 PMCID: PMC8044031 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) is critical to maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis. Many external insults and intrinsic defects can be deleterious to LSCs and their niche microenvironment, resulting in limbal stem cell dysfunction or deficiency (LSCD). Ocular comorbidities, frequent in eyes with LSCD, can exacerbate the dysfunction of residual LSCs, and limit the survival of transplanted LSCs. Clinical presentation and disease evolution vary among different etiologies of LSCD. New ocular imaging modalities and molecular markers are now available to standardize the diagnosis criteria and stage the severity of the disease. Medical therapies may be sufficient to reverse the disease if residual LSCs are present. A stepwise approach should be followed to optimize the ocular surface, eliminate the causative factors and treat comorbid conditions, before considering surgical interventions. Furthermore, surgical options are selected depending on the severity and laterality of the disease. The standardized diagnostic criteria to stage the disease is necessary to objectively evaluate and compare the efficacy of the emerging customized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France.
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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30
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Hirose T, Kotoku J, Toki F, Nishimura EK, Nanba D. Label-free quality control and identification of human keratinocyte stem cells by deep learning-based automated cell tracking. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1091-1100. [PMID: 33783921 PMCID: PMC8359832 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based products have clinical and industrial applications. Thus, there is a need to develop quality control methods to standardize stem cell manufacturing. Here, we report a deep learning-based automated cell tracking (DeepACT) technology for noninvasive quality control and identification of cultured human stem cells. The combination of deep learning-based cascading cell detection and Kalman filter algorithm-based tracking successfully tracked the individual cells within the densely packed human epidermal keratinocyte colonies in the phase-contrast images of the culture. DeepACT rapidly analyzed the motion of individual keratinocytes, which enabled the quantitative evaluation of keratinocyte dynamics in response to changes in culture conditions. Furthermore, DeepACT can distinguish keratinocyte stem cell colonies from non-stem cell-derived colonies by analyzing the spatial and velocity information of cells. This system can be widely applied to stem cell cultures used in regenerative medicine and provides a platform for developing reliable and noninvasive quality control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirose
- Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kotoku
- Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujio Toki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Sánchez-Porras D, Durand-Herrera D, Paes AB, Chato-Astrain J, Verplancke R, Vanfleteren J, Sánchez-López JD, García-García ÓD, Campos F, Carriel V. Ex Vivo Generation and Characterization of Human Hyaline and Elastic Cartilaginous Microtissues for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030292. [PMID: 33809387 PMCID: PMC8001313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence of cartilage-associated pathologies, low self-repair capacity and limitations of current repair techniques, tissue engineering (TE) strategies have emerged as a promising alternative in this field. Three-dimensional culture techniques have gained attention in recent years, showing their ability to provide the most biomimetic environment for the cells under culture conditions, enabling the cells to fabricate natural, 3D functional microtissues (MTs). In this sense, the aim of this study was to generate, characterize and compare scaffold-free human hyaline and elastic cartilage-derived MTs (HC-MTs and EC-MTs, respectively) under expansion (EM) and chondrogenic media (CM). MTs were generated by using agarose microchips and evaluated ex vivo for 28 days. The MTs generated were subjected to morphometric assessment and cell viability, metabolic activity and histological analyses. Results suggest that the use of CM improves the biomimicry of the MTs obtained in terms of morphology, viability and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis with respect to the use of EM. Moreover, the overall results indicate a faster and more sensitive response of the EC-derived cells to the use of CM as compared to HC chondrocytes. Finally, future preclinical in vivo studies are still needed to determine the potential clinical usefulness of these novel advanced therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Porras
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Doctoral School, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Durand-Herrera
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Ana B. Paes
- Master Program in Tissue Engineering and Advanced Therapies, International School for Postgraduate Studies, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Rik Verplancke
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Jan Vanfleteren
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (J.V.)
| | - José Darío Sánchez-López
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18013 Granada, Spain;
| | - Óscar Darío García-García
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Fernando Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-958-248-295 (V.C.)
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-958-248-295 (V.C.)
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32
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Ma D, Ma Z, Kudo LC, Karsten SL. Automated Capillary-Based Vacuum Pulse-Assisted Instrument for Single-Cell Acquisition and Concurrent Detachment/Adhesion Assay, A-picK. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:519-531. [PMID: 33615859 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320987219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence points to the importance of cell adhesion molecules in cancer metastasis. Alterations in adhesion and attachment properties of neoplastic cells are important biomarkers of the metastatic potential of cancer. Loss of intracellular adhesion is correlated with more invasive phenotype by increasing the chances of malignant cells escaping from their site of origin, promoting metastasis. Therefore, there is great demand for rapid and accurate measurements of individual cell adhesion and attachment. Current technologies that measure adhesion properties in either suspension or bulk (microfluidics) remain very complex (e.g., atomic force microscopy [AFM], optical tweezers). Moreover, existing tools cannot provide measurements for fully attached individual adherent cells as they operate outside of such a force range. Even more importantly, none of the existing approaches permit concurrent and automated single-cell adhesion measurement and collection, which prohibits direct correlation between single-cell adhesion properties and molecular profile. Here, we report a fully automated and versatile platform, A-picK, that offers single-cell adhesion assay and isolation in parallel. We demonstrate the use of this approach for a time course analysis of human lung carcinoma A549 cells and substrate-specific adhesion potential using seven different substrates, including fibronectin, laminin, poly-l-lysine, carboxyl, amine, collagen, and gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ma
- NeuroInDx, Inc., Torrance, CA, USA
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Yokomizo R, Fujiki Y, Kishigami H, Kishi H, Kiyono T, Nakayama S, Sago H, Okamoto A, Umezawa A. Endometrial regeneration with endometrial epithelium: homologous orchestration with endometrial stroma as a feeder. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:130. [PMID: 33579355 PMCID: PMC7881492 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thin endometrium adversely affects reproductive success rates with fertility treatment. Autologous transplantation of exogenously prepared endometrium can be a promising therapeutic option for thin endometrium; however, endometrial epithelial cells have limited expansion potential, which needs to be overcome in order to make regenerative medicine a therapeutic strategy for refractory thin endometrium. Here, we aimed to perform long-term culture of endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. METHODS We prepared primary human endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells and investigated whether endometrial stromal cells and human embryonic stem cell-derived feeder cells could support proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. We also investigated whether three-dimensional culture can be achieved using thawed endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells. RESULTS Co-cultivation with the feeder cells dramatically increased the proliferation rate of the endometrial epithelial cells. We serially passaged the endometrial epithelial cells on mouse embryonic fibroblasts up to passage 6 for 4 months. Among the human-derived feeder cells, endometrial stromal cells exhibited the best feeder activity for proliferation of the endometrial epithelial cells. We continued to propagate the endometrial epithelial cells on endometrial stromal cells up to passage 5 for 81 days. Furthermore, endometrial epithelium and stroma, after the freeze-thaw procedure and sequential culture, were able to establish an endometrial three-dimensional model. CONCLUSIONS We herein established a model of in vitro cultured endometrium as a potential therapeutic option for refractory thin endometrium. The three-dimensional culture model with endometrial epithelial and stromal cell orchestration via cytokines, membrane-bound molecules, extracellular matrices, and gap junction will provide a new framework for exploring the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of implantation. Additionally, modified embryo culture, so-called "in vitro implantation", will be possible therapeutic approaches in fertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yokomizo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujiki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Harue Kishigami
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-related Cancer, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Sanae Nakayama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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34
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Mochizuki R, Oka Y, Hashimoto S, Shiraki E, Ogo M, Jimbo H, Nakano E, Fujiwara S, Nagano T, Nishigori C. A case of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa treated with a cultured epidermal autograft. J Dermatol 2021; 48:e165-e166. [PMID: 33523491 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Mochizuki
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yumi Oka
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Hashimoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Erina Shiraki
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mariko Ogo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haruki Jimbo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakano
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Susumu Fujiwara
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Tohru Nagano
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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35
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Wang X, Wang S, Guo B, Su Y, Tan Z, Chang M, Diao J, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Human primary epidermal organoids enable modeling of dermatophyte infections. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:35. [PMID: 33414472 PMCID: PMC7790817 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Technology of generating human epidermal derivatives with physiological relevance to in vivo epidermis is continuously investigated for improving their effects on modeling of human natural dermatological status in basic and clinical studies. Here, we report a method of robust establishment and expansion of human primary epidermal organoids (hPEOs) under a chemically defined condition. hPEOs reconstruct morphological, molecular, and functional features of human epidermis and can expand for 6 weeks. Remarkably, hPEOs are permissive for dermatophyte infections caused by Trichophyton Rubrum (T. rubrum). The T. rubrum infections on hPEOs reflect many aspects of known clinical pathological reactions and reveal that the repression on IL-1 signaling may contribute to chronic and recurrent infections with the slight inflammation caused by T. rubrum in human skin. Thus, our present study provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of T. rubrum infections and indicates that hPEOs are a potential ex vivo model for both basic studies of skin diseases and clinical studies of testing potential antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuyong Wang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zuolong Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mingyang Chang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jinmei Diao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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36
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Yang R, Yang S, Zhao J, Hu X, Chen X, Wang J, Xie J, Xiong K. Progress in studies of epidermal stem cells and their application in skin tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32698863 PMCID: PMC7374856 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, which is the outermost layer of mammalian skin, provides an essential barrier that is essential for maintenance of life. The epidermis is a stratified epithelium, which is maintained by the proliferation of epidermal stem cells (EPSCs) at the basal layer of the epidermis. As a unique cell population characterized by self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, EPSCs ensure the maintenance of adult skin homeostasis and participate in repair of the epidermis after injury. Recently, the utilization of EPSCs for wound healing and tissue regeneration has been attracting increased attention from researchers. In addition, the advances in tissue engineering have increased the interest in applying EPSCs in tissue-engineered scaffolds to further reconstitute injured tissues. In this review, we introduce research developments related to EPSCs, including methods recently used in the culture and enrichment of EPSCs, as well as advanced tools to study EPSCs. The function and mechanism of the EPSC-dermal units in the development and homeostasis of the skin are also summarized. Finally, the potential applications of EPSCs in skin tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ximin Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 02 Class, 17 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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37
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Hamilton NJI, Lee DDH, Gowers KHC, Butler CR, Maughan EF, Jevans B, Orr JC, McCann CJ, Burns AJ, MacNeil S, Birchall MA, O'Callaghan C, Hynds RE, Janes SM. Bioengineered airway epithelial grafts with mucociliary function based on collagen IV- and laminin-containing extracellular matrix scaffolds. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:1901200. [PMID: 32444408 PMCID: PMC7301290 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01200-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current methods to replace damaged upper airway epithelium with exogenous cells are limited. Existing strategies use grafts that lack mucociliary function, leading to infection and the retention of secretions and keratin debris. Strategies that regenerate airway epithelium with mucociliary function are clearly desirable and would enable new treatments for complex airway disease.Here, we investigated the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on airway epithelial cell adherence, proliferation and mucociliary function in the context of bioengineered mucosal grafts. In vitro, primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) adhered most readily to collagen IV. Biological, biomimetic and synthetic scaffolds were compared in terms of their ECM protein content and airway epithelial cell adherence.Collagen IV and laminin were preserved on the surface of decellularised dermis and epithelial cell attachment to decellularised dermis was greater than to the biomimetic or synthetic alternatives tested. Blocking epithelial integrin α2 led to decreased adherence to collagen IV and to decellularised dermis scaffolds. At air-liquid interface (ALI), bronchial epithelial cells cultured on decellularised dermis scaffolds formed a differentiated respiratory epithelium with mucociliary function. Using in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), rabbit airway and immunocompromised mouse models, we showed short-term preservation of the cell layer following transplantation.Our results demonstrate the feasibility of generating HBEC grafts on clinically applicable decellularised dermis scaffolds and identify matrix proteins and integrins important for this process. The long-term survivability of pre-differentiated epithelia and the relative merits of this approach against transplanting basal cells should be assessed further in pre-clinical airway transplantation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick J I Hamilton
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Ear Institute, The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
- Nick J.I. Hamilton and Sam M. Janes are joint-senior authors
| | - Dani Do Hyang Lee
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kate H C Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Maughan
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Jevans
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jessica C Orr
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alan J Burns
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Dept of Materials and Science Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin A Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Nick J.I. Hamilton and Sam M. Janes are joint-senior authors
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38
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Abstract
Thymus regenerative therapy implementation is severely obstructed by the limited number and expansion capacity in vitro of tissue-specific thymic epithelial stem cells (TESC). Current solutions are mostly based on growth factors that can drive differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward tissue-specific TESC. Target-specific small chemical compounds represent an alternative solution that could induce and support the clonal expansion of TESC and reversibly block their differentiation into mature cells. These compounds could be used both in the composition of culture media designed for TESC expansion in vitro, and in drugs development for thymic regeneration in vivo. It should allow reaching the ultimate objective - autologous thymic tissue regeneration in paediatric patients who had their thymus removed in the course of cardiac surgery.
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39
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Samoila O, Gocan D. Clinical Outcomes From Cultivated Allogenic Stem Cells vs. Oral Mucosa Epithelial Transplants in Total Bilateral Stem Cells Deficiency. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:43. [PMID: 32133365 PMCID: PMC7040221 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Total bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency results from various pathologies, from burns (either chemical or physical) to Sjogren Syndrome, aniridia or ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. After the loss of stem cells, normal corneal epithelium is replaced by a more opaque and vascularized conjunctival epithelium, causing loss of vision. After 1997, cultivation techniques for limbal stem cells became possible. In parallel, cultivation techniques for oral mucosa epithelial cells were also available. The aim of our review was to summarize the clinical outcomes following allogenic cultured limbal stem cell transplant (allogenic CLET), and on the other hand, oral mucosa derived epithelium transplant (cultivated oral mucosa epithelial transplant-COMET or cultivated autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet-CAOMECS), in the case of total bilateral limbal stem cell loss. Thirty studies matching the inclusion criteria were found. The clinical improvement in both methods was reported similar, with percentages higher than 50% of the treated cases. However, the comparison between studies was difficult to achieve due to the lack of a universal and objective grading tool for assessing post-operative results. The definition of clinical improvement was problematic, because success was defined differently, depending on the study. Moreover, some of the studies followed both autologous and allogenic CLET, but described the results together, for both procedures, and therefore it was impossible to analyze them separately. COMET presented some advantages compared to CLET. By using autologous cells, there was no risk of immune activation and no immunosuppression was needed. COMET, however, might be associated with increased risk of persistent epithelial defects and graft failure, compared with allogenic CLET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Samoila
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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40
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Vila A, Torras N, Castaño AG, García-Díaz M, Comelles J, Pérez-Berezo T, Corregidor C, Castaño Ó, Engel E, Fernández-Majada V, Martínez E. Hydrogel co-networks of gelatine methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate sustain 3D functional in vitro models of intestinal mucosa. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025008. [PMID: 31805546 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5f50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports the importance of the intestinal epithelial barrier and its permeability both in physiological and pathological conditions. Conventional in vitro models to evaluate intestinal permeability rely on the formation of tightly packed epithelial monolayers grown on hard substrates. These two-dimensional models lack the cellular and mechanical components of the non-epithelial compartment of the intestinal barrier, the stroma, which are key contributors to the barrier permeability in vivo. Thus, advanced in vitro models approaching the in vivo tissue composition are fundamental to improve precision in drug absorption predictions, to provide a better understanding of the intestinal biology, and to faithfully represent related diseases. Here, we generate photo-crosslinked gelatine methacrylate (GelMA)-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel co-networks that provide the required mechanical and biochemical features to mimic both the epithelial and stromal compartments of the intestinal mucosa, i.e. they are soft, cell adhesive and cell-loading friendly, and suitable for long-term culturing. We show that fibroblasts can be embedded in the GelMA-PEGDA hydrogels while epithelial cells can grow on top to form a mature epithelial monolayer that exhibits barrier properties which closely mimic those of the intestinal barrier in vivo, as shown by the physiologically relevant transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability values. The presence of fibroblasts in the artificial stroma compartment accelerates the formation of the epithelial monolayer and boosts the recovery of the epithelial integrity upon temporary barrier disruption, demonstrating that our system is capable of successfully reproducing the interaction between different cellular compartments. As such, our hydrogel co-networks offer a technologically simple yet sophisticated approach to produce functional three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of epithelial barriers with epithelial and stromal cells arranged in a spatially relevant manner and near-physiological functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vila
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Tjin MS, Chua AWC, Tryggvason K. Chemically defined and xenogeneic-free culture method for human epidermal keratinocytes on laminin-based matrices. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:694-711. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Grossi S, Fenini G, Hennig P, Di Filippo M, Beer HD. Generation of Knockout Human Primary Keratinocytes by CRISPR/Cas9. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2109:125-145. [PMID: 31502220 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The culture of epidermal human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) represents a well-established model in biological and dermatological research. In addition, HPKs are used in three-dimensional organotypic cultures (OTCs), and gene therapeutic approaches have been reported for the treatment of patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa, a severe blistering disease that can result in postnatal lethality. Therefore, there is a strong need for the development of techniques for the stable and specific genetic manipulation of HPKs, for example, by genome editing via the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. However, the main disadvantage of working with HPKs is the fact that these cells are prone to terminal differentiation and proliferate only for few passages in monoculture. As it is well known that the co-culture of HPKs with fibroblasts strongly increases the lifetime of the epidermal cells, we developed a protocol for the stable modification of HPKs by CRISPR/Cas9 via lentiviral transduction in the presence of 3T3-J2 fibroblasts as feeder cells. Selection of transduced HPKs is achieved with antibiotics in co-culture with antibiotic-resistant feeder cells. Modified HPKs generated by our protocol have the potential to generate epidermis-like structures in OTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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43
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Ejaz A, Hatzmann FM, Hammerle S, Ritthammer H, Mattesich M, Zwierzina M, Waldegger P, Zwerschke W. Fibroblast feeder layer supports adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal/progenitor cells. Adipocyte 2019; 8:178-189. [PMID: 31033380 PMCID: PMC6768258 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1608751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) can differentiate into adipocytes in the course of adipogenesis. This process is governed by systemic factors and signals of the adipose stem cell niche. ASCs isolated from fat tissues and amplified in vitro provide an essential and reliable model system to study adipogenesis. However, current cell culture models routinely grow ASCs on plastic surfaces largely missing niche parameters. In the present communication, we employed human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) monolayers as feeder cells for ASCs, which were isolated from human subcutaneous white adipose tissue and amplified in vitro. We found that PPARγ2 and several adipocyte markers were significantly higher expressed in differentiated ASCs growing on feeder layers relative to plastic dishes. Moreover, a significant higher number of adipocytes was generated from ASCs cultured on feeder layer and these adipocytes contained larger fat droplets. Insulin strongly stimulated glucose uptake into adipocytes produced on feeder layer suggesting that these cells show characteristic metabolic features of fat cells. Finally, we show that the HFF feeder layer allows adipogenic differentiation of low-density-seeded ASCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the HFF feeder layer increases adipocyte differentiation of ASCs and allows differentiation of low density seeded progenitor cells into functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Hammerle
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heike Ritthammer
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
As the prevalence and impact of lung diseases continue to increase worldwide, new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Advances in lung-regenerative medicine, a broad field encompassing stem cells, cell-based therapies, and a range of bioengineering approaches, offer new insights into and new techniques for studying lung physiology and pathophysiology. This provides a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Applicability to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of recent advances and applications in cell-based therapies, predominantly those with mesenchymal stromal cell-based approaches, and bioengineering approaches for lung diseases are reviewed.
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45
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Nanba D. Human keratinocyte stem cells: From cell biology to cell therapy. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:66-72. [PMID: 31669183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human keratinocyte cultures contain keratinocyte stem cells, and have been involved in significant progress regarding stem cell biology as well as keratinocyte biology. Such cultures have also been applied in cell therapy for extensive severe burns for more than three decades, and in genetic disorders of the skin recently. Human keratinocyte stem cells were firstly characterized as holoclones by ex post clonal analysis, but in situ identification of keratinocyte stem cells is required for clinical applications. Recently, it was demonstrated that human keratinocyte stem cells display a unique rotational motion at early stages of culture, with subsequent dynamic collective motion at later stages. This finding enables image-based identification of keratinocyte stem cells, and noninvasive evaluation of their proliferative capacity, which can be applied for the quality assurance of human keratinocyte cultures. This review summarizes the historical development of human keratinocyte cultures and its applications for cell biology and cell therapy. This article also introduces recent advances in keratinocyte stem cell research with medical relevance and discusses the next-generation of regenerative medicine using human keratinocyte stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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46
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Hoshikawa E, Sato T, Kimori Y, Suzuki A, Haga K, Kato H, Tabeta K, Nanba D, Izumi K. Noninvasive measurement of cell/colony motion using image analysis methods to evaluate the proliferative capacity of oral keratinocytes as a tool for quality control in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419881528. [PMID: 31662840 PMCID: PMC6794654 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419881528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-based cell/colony analyses offer promising solutions to compensate for the
lack of quality control (QC) tools for noninvasive monitoring of cultured cells,
a regulatory challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, the feasibility of two
image analysis algorithms, optical flow and normalised cross-correlation, to
noninvasively measure cell/colony motion in human primary oral keratinocytes for
screening the proliferative capacity of cells in the early phases of cell
culture were examined. We applied our software to movies converted from 96
consecutive time-lapse phase-contrast images of an oral keratinocyte culture.
After segmenting the growing colonies, two indices were calculated based on each
algorithm. The correlation between each index of the colonies and their
proliferative capacity was evaluated. The software was able to assess
cell/colony motion noninvasively, and each index reflected the observed cell
kinetics. A positive linear correlation was found between cell/colony motion and
proliferative capacity, indicating that both algorithms are potential tools for
QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hoshikawa
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Department of Management and Information Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenta Haga
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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47
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Hiemstra PS, Tetley TD, Janes SM. Airway and alveolar epithelial cells in culture. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00742-2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00742-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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48
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Host-Pathogen Interactions of Mycoplasma mycoides in Caprine and Bovine Precision-Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) Models. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020082. [PMID: 31226867 PMCID: PMC6631151 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by mycoplasma species in ruminants lead to considerable economic losses. Two important ruminant pathogens are Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm), the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), which causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, and septicemia in goats. We established precision cut lung slices (PCLS) infection model for Mmm and Mmc to study host-pathogen interactions. We monitored infection over time using immunohistological analysis and electron microscopy. Moreover, infection burden was monitored by plating and quantitative real-time PCR. Results were compared with lungs from experimentally infected goats and cattle. Lungs from healthy goats and cattle were also included as controls. PCLS remained viable for up to two weeks. Both subspecies adhered to ciliated cells. However, the titer of Mmm in caprine PCLS decreased over time, indicating species specificity of Mmm. Mmc showed higher tropism to sub-bronchiolar tissue in caprine PCLS, which increased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, Mmc was abundantly observed on pulmonary endothelial cells, indicating partially, how it causes systemic disease. Tissue destruction upon prolonged infection of slices was comparable to the in vivo samples. Therefore, PCLS represents a novel ex vivo model to study host-pathogen interaction in livestock mycoplasma.
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49
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Alexaline MM, Magne B, Zuleta Rodríguez A, Nivet M, Bacqueville D, Lataillade J, Trouillas M. Influence of fibrin matrices and their released factors on epidermal substitute phenotype and engraftment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1362-1374. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maia M. Alexaline
- Unité mixte Inserm U1197 ‐ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées Clamart France
- Celogos Paris France
| | - Brice Magne
- Unité mixte Inserm U1197 ‐ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées Clamart France
- Scarcell therapeutics Paris France
| | - Amparo Zuleta Rodríguez
- Unité mixte Inserm U1197 ‐ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées Clamart France
| | - Muriel Nivet
- Unité mixte Inserm U1197 ‐ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées Clamart France
| | - Daniel Bacqueville
- Unité mixte Inserm U1197 ‐ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées Clamart France
- Service Pharmacologie Division 2 et Pharmacocinétique cutanée, Département PharmacologieCentre R&D Pierre Fabre Dermo‐Cosmétique Toulouse France
| | - Jean‐Jacques Lataillade
- Unité mixte Inserm U1197 ‐ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées Clamart France
| | - Marina Trouillas
- Unité mixte Inserm U1197 ‐ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées Clamart France
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50
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Hamilton NJ, Hynds RE, Gowers KH, Tait A, Butler CR, Hopper C, Burns AJ, Birchall MA, Lowdell M, Janes SM. Using a Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix to Deliver Respiratory Progenitor Cells to Decellularized Trachea In Vivo. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:93-102. [PMID: 30648458 PMCID: PMC6389769 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This article describes a method for engrafting epithelial progenitor cells to a revascularized scaffold in a protective and supportive collagen-rich environment. This method has the potential to overcome two key limitations of existing grafting techniques as epithelial cells are protected from mechanical shear and the relatively hypoxic phase that occurs while grafts revascularize, offering the opportunity to provide epithelial cells to decellularized allografts at the point of implantation. Advances in this area will improve the safety and efficacy of bioengineered organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick J.I. Hamilton
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Ear Institute, The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate H.C. Gowers
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Tait
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R. Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Hopper
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Burns
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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