1
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Sardar S, McNair CM, Ravindranath L, Chand SN, Yuan W, Bogdan D, Welti J, Sharp A, Ryan NK, Knudsen LA, Schiewer MJ, DeArment EG, Janas T, Su XA, Butler LM, de Bono JS, Frese K, Brooks N, Pegg N, Knudsen KE, Shafi AA. AR coactivators, CBP/p300, are critical mediators of DNA repair in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03148-4. [PMID: 39266679 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains an incurable disease stage with ineffective treatments options. Here, the androgen receptor (AR) coactivators CBP/p300, which are histone acetyltransferases, were identified as critical mediators of DNA damage repair (DDR) to potentially enhance therapeutic targeting of CRPC. Key findings demonstrate that CBP/p300 expression increases with disease progression and selects for poor prognosis in metastatic disease. CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibition enhances response to standard of care therapeutics. Functional studies, CBP/p300 cistrome mapping, and transcriptome in CRPC revealed that CBP/p300 regulates DDR. Further mechanistic investigation showed that CBP/p300 attenuation via therapeutic targeting and genomic knockdown decreases homologous recombination (HR) factors in vitro, in vivo, and in human prostate cancer (PCa) tumors ex vivo. Similarly, CBP/p300 expression in human prostate tissue correlates with HR factors. Lastly, targeting CBP/p300 impacts HR-mediate repair and patient outcome. Collectively, these studies identify CBP/p300 as drivers of PCa tumorigenesis and lay the groundwork to optimize therapeutic strategies for advanced PCa via CBP/p300 inhibition, potentially in combination with AR-directed and DDR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sardar
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Lakshmi Ravindranath
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Welti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie K Ryan
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Liam A Knudsen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elise G DeArment
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Janas
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofeng A Su
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kris Frese
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Pegg
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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González-Rodriguez MA, Troutman S, Bayle S, Lester DK, Grove M, Duckett D, Kareta MS, Kissil JL. Synergistic effects of combined BET and FAK inhibition against Vestibular Schwannomas in NF2-related Schwannomatosis. Oncogene 2024; 43:2995-3002. [PMID: 39209965 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare disorder that causes vestibular schwannomas (VS), meningiomas and ependymomas. To date, there is no FDA approved drug-based treatment for NF2. We have previously identified that BET inhibition can selectively reduce growth of the NF2-null schwannoma and Schwann cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo and, separately, reported that inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 (FAK1) via crizotinib has antiproliferative effects in NF2-null Schwann cells. The current study was aimed at determining whether combined BET and FAK inhibition can synergize and to identify the mechanisms of action. A panel of normal and NF2-null Schwann and schwannoma cell lines were used to characterize the effects of combined BET and FAK inhibition in vitro and in vivo using pharmacological and genetic approaches. The mechanism of action was explored by chromatin immunoprecipitation, ChIP-PCR, western blotting, and functional approaches. We find that combined BET and FAK inhibition are synergistic and inhibit the proliferation of NF2-null schwannoma and Schwann cell lines in vitro and in vivo, by arresting cells in the G1/S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Further, we identify the mechanism of action through the downregulation of FAK1 transcription by BET inhibition, which potentiates inhibition of FAK by 100-fold. Our findings suggest that combined targeting of BET and FAK1 may offer a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of NF2-related schwannomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Troutman
- Department of Molecular Oncology and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Simon Bayle
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel K Lester
- Department of Molecular Oncology and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Grove
- Department of Molecular Oncology and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Derek Duckett
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Kareta
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Joseph L Kissil
- Department of Molecular Oncology and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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3
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Nie J, Chen H, Zhao X. Advancement and Potential Applications of Epididymal Organoids. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1026. [PMID: 39199413 PMCID: PMC11352229 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The epididymis, a key reproductive organ, is crucial for sperm concentration, maturation, and storage. Despite a comprehensive understanding of many of its functions, several aspects of the complex processes within the epididymis remain obscure. Dysfunction in this organ is intricately connected to the formation of the microenvironment, disruptions in sperm maturation, and the progression of male infertility. Thus, elucidating the functional mechanisms of the epididymal epithelium is imperative. Given the variety of cell types present within the epididymal epithelium, utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model provides a holistic and practical framework for exploring the multifaceted roles of the epididymis. Organoid cell culture, involving the co-cultivation of pluripotent or adult stem cells with growth factors on artificial matrix scaffolds, effectively recreates the in vivo cell growth microenvironment, thereby offering a promising avenue for studying the epididymis. The field of epididymal organoids is relatively new, with few studies focusing on their formation and even fewer detailing the generation of organoids that exhibit epididymis-specific structures and functions. Ongoing challenges in both clinical applications and mechanistic studies underscore the importance of this research. This review summarizes the established methodologies for inducing the in vitro cultivation of epididymal cells, outlines the various approaches for the development of epididymal organoids, and explores their potential applications in the field of male reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiuling Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.N.)
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4
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Khan I, Kashani-Sabet M. Bromodomain inhibition targeting BPTF in the treatment of melanoma and other solid tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:509-515. [PMID: 38683257 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to play an important role in the development of cancer. These include the activation of chromatin remodeling factors in various malignancies, including bromodomain plant homeodomain (PHD) finger transcription factor (BPTF), the largest component of the human nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF). In the last few years, BPTF has been identified as a pro-tumorigenic factor in melanoma, stimulated by research into the molecular mechanisms underlying BPTF function. Developing therapy targeting the BPTF bromodomain would represent a significant advance. Melanoma therapy has been revolutionized by the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and targeted strategies, but the development of drug resistance calls for alternative therapeutic approaches. Recent work has shown both a biomarker as well as functional role for BPTF in melanoma progression and as a possible target for its therapy. BPTF was shown to stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which is targeted by selective BRAF inhibitors. The advent of small molecule inhibitors that target bromodomain motifs has shown that bromodomains are druggable. By combining the bromodomain inhibitor bromosporine with existing treatments that target mutant BRAF, BPTF targeting has emerged as a novel and promising therapeutic approach for metastatic melanoma. This article summarizes the functional role of BPTF in tumor progression, reviews the clinical experience to date with bromodomain inhibitors, and discusses the promise of BPTF targeting in melanoma and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan St, Suite 130, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Mohammed Kashani-Sabet
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan St, Suite 130, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
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5
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Choo N, Keerthikumar S, Ramm S, Ashikari D, Teng L, Niranjan B, Hedwards S, Porter LH, Goode DL, Simpson KJ, Taylor RA, Risbridger GP, Lawrence MG. Co-targeting BET, CBP, and p300 inhibits neuroendocrine signalling in androgen receptor-null prostate cancer. J Pathol 2024; 263:242-256. [PMID: 38578195 DOI: 10.1002/path.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
There are diverse phenotypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine disease, that vary in their sensitivity to drug treatment. The efficacy of BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors in prostate cancer is attributed, at least in part, to their ability to decrease androgen receptor (AR) signalling. However, the activity of BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors in prostate cancers that lack the AR is unclear. In this study, we showed that BRD4, CBP, and p300 were co-expressed in AR-positive and AR-null prostate cancer. A combined inhibitor of these three proteins, NEO2734, reduced the growth of both AR-positive and AR-null organoids, as measured by changes in viability, size, and composition. NEO2734 treatment caused consistent transcriptional downregulation of cell cycle pathways. In neuroendocrine models, NEO2734 treatment reduced ASCL1 levels and other neuroendocrine markers, and reduced tumour growth in vivo. Collectively, these results show that epigenome-targeted inhibitors cause decreased growth and phenotype-dependent disruption of lineage regulators in neuroendocrine prostate cancer, warranting further development of compounds with this activity in the clinic. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Choo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susanne Ramm
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daisaku Ashikari
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Teng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Birunthi Niranjan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shelley Hedwards
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Sardar S, McNair CM, Ravindranath L, Chand SN, Yuan W, Bogdan D, Welti J, Sharp A, Ryan NK, Schiewer MJ, DeArment EG, Janas T, Su XA, Butler LM, de Bono JS, Frese K, Brooks N, Pegg N, Knudsen KE, Shafi AA. AR coactivators, CBP/p300, are critical mediators of DNA repair in prostate cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592966. [PMID: 38766099 PMCID: PMC11100730 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains an incurable disease stage with ineffective treatments options. Here, the androgen receptor (AR) coactivators CBP/p300, which are histone acetyltransferases, were identified as critical mediators of DNA damage repair (DDR) to potentially enhance therapeutic targeting of CRPC. Key findings demonstrate that CBP/p300 expression increases with disease progression and selects for poor prognosis in metastatic disease. CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibition enhances response to standard of care therapeutics. Functional studies, CBP/p300 cistrome mapping, and transcriptome in CRPC revealed that CBP/p300 regulates DDR. Further mechanistic investigation showed that CBP/p300 attenuation via therapeutic targeting and genomic knockdown decreases homologous recombination (HR) factors in vitro, in vivo, and in human prostate cancer (PCa) tumors ex vivo. Similarly, CBP/p300 expression in human prostate tissue correlates with HR factors. Lastly, targeting CBP/p300 impacts HR-mediate repair and patient outcome. Collectively, these studies identify CBP/p300 as drivers of PCa tumorigenesis and lay the groundwork to optimize therapeutic strategies for advanced PCa via CBP/p300 inhibition, potentially in combination with AR-directed and DDR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Sardar
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20817, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, 20817 USA
| | - Christopher M. McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Lakshmi Ravindranath
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20817, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, 20817 USA
| | - Saswati N. Chand
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Welti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie K. Ryan
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Schiewer
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Elise G. DeArment
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20817, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, 20817 USA
| | - Thomas Janas
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20817, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, 20817 USA
| | - Xiaofeng A. Su
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20817, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, 20817 USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kris Frese
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Pegg
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- The American Cancer Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19103, USA
| | - Ayesha A. Shafi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20817, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, 20817 USA
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7
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Strachowska M, Robaszkiewicz A. Characteristics of anticancer activity of CBP/p300 inhibitors - Features of their classes, intracellular targets and future perspectives of their application in cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108636. [PMID: 38521246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the contribution of highly homologous acetyltransferases CBP and p300 to transcription elevation of oncogenes and other cancer promoting factors, these enzymes emerge as possible epigenetic targets of anticancer therapy. Extensive efforts in search for small molecule inhibitors led to development of compounds targeting histone acetyltransferase catalytic domain or chromatin-interacting bromodomain of CBP/p300, as well as dual BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors. The promising anticancer efficacy in in vitro and mice models led CCS1477 and NEO2734 to clinical trials. However, none of the described inhibitors is perfectly specific to CBP/p300 since they share similarity of a key functional domains with other enzymes, which are critically associated with cancer progression and their antagonists demonstrate remarkable clinical efficacy in cancer therapy. Therefore, we revise the possible and clinically relevant off-targets of CBP/p300 inhibitors that can be blocked simultaneously with CBP/p300 thereby improving the anticancer potential of CBP/p300 inhibitors and pharmacokinetic predicting data such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Strachowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biophysics, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12 /16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biophysics, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute of Fundamental and Basic Research, 600 5(th) Street South, Saint Petersburg FL33701, United States of America.
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8
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Maddeboina K, Yada B, Kumari S, McHale C, Pal D, Durden DL. Recent advances in multitarget-directed ligands via in silico drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103904. [PMID: 38280625 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
To combat multifactorial refractory diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, multitarget drugs have become an emerging area of research aimed at 'synthetic lethality' (SL) relationships associated with drug-resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the in silico design of dual and triple-targeted ligands, strategies by which specific 'warhead' groups are incorporated into a parent compound or scaffold with primary inhibitory activity against one target to develop one small molecule that inhibits two or three molecular targets in an effort to increase potency against multifactorial diseases. We also discuss the analytical exploration of structure-activity relationships (SARs), physicochemical properties, polypharmacology, scaffold feature extraction of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved multikinase inhibitors (MKIs), and updates regarding the clinical status of dual-targeted chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaiah Maddeboina
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Bharath Yada
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cody McHale
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Dhananjaya Pal
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- Molecular Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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9
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Xu H, Wu D, Xiao M, Lei Y, Lei Y, Yu X, Shi S. PP2A complex disruptor SET prompts widespread hypertranscription of growth-essential genes in the pancreatic cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6633. [PMID: 38277454 PMCID: PMC10816699 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the oncogenic transcription reflects the epigenetic plasticity of the cancer cells. Su(var)3-9, enhancer of zeste, Trithorax (SET) was described as a nuclear factor that stimulated transcription from the chromatin template. However, the mechanisms of SET-dependent transcription are unknown. Here, we found that overexpression of SET and CDK9 induced very similar transcriptome signatures in multiple cancer cell lines. SET localized in the transcription start site (TSS)-proximal regions and supported the RNA transcription. SET specifically bound the PP2A-C subunit and induced PP2A-A subunit repulsion from the C subunit, which indicated the role of SET as a PP2A-A/C complex disruptor in the TSS-proximal regions. Through blocking PP2A activity, SET assisted CDK9 to maintain Pol II CTD phosphorylation and activated mRNA transcription. Our findings position SET as a key factor that modulates chromatin PP2A activity, promoting the oncogenic transcription in the pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingming Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Yalan Lei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Waseem M, Wang BD. Organoids: An Emerging Precision Medicine Model for Prostate Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1093. [PMID: 38256166 PMCID: PMC10816550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has been known as the most prevalent cancer disease and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men almost all over the globe. There is an urgent need for establishment of PCa models that can recapitulate the progress of genomic landscapes and molecular alterations during development and progression of this disease. Notably, several organoid models have been developed for assessing the complex interaction between PCa and its surrounding microenvironment. In recent years, PCa organoids have been emerged as powerful in vitro 3D model systems that recapitulate the molecular features (such as genomic/epigenomic changes and tumor microenvironment) of PCa metastatic tumors. In addition, application of organoid technology in mechanistic studies (i.e., for understanding cellular/subcellular and molecular alterations) and translational medicine has been recognized as a promising approach for facilitating the development of potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the application of PCa organoids in the high-throughput screening and establishment of relevant xenografts for developing novel therapeutics for metastatic, castration resistant, and neuroendocrine PCa. These organoid-based studies are expected to expand our knowledge from basic research to clinical applications for PCa diseases. Furthermore, we also highlight the optimization of PCa cultures and establishment of promising 3D organoid models for in vitro and in vivo investigations, ultimately facilitating mechanistic studies and development of novel clinical diagnosis/prognosis and therapies for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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11
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Daniels VA, Luo J, Paller CJ, Kanayama M. Therapeutic Approaches to Targeting Androgen Receptor Splice Variants. Cells 2024; 13:104. [PMID: 38201308 PMCID: PMC10778271 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for advanced prostate cancer have vastly expanded over the last decade and will continue to expand in the future. Drugs targeting the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway, i.e., androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTAs), remain the mainstream treatments that are increasingly transforming the disease into one that can be controlled for an extended period of time. Prostate cancer is inherently addicted to AR. Under the treatment pressure of ARTA, molecular alterations occur, leading to the clonal expansion of resistant cells in a disease state broadly categorized as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). One castration resistance mechanism involves AR splice variants (AR-Vs) lacking the ligand-binding domain. Some AR-Vs have been identified as constitutively active, capable of activating AR signaling pathways without androgenic ligands. Among these variants, AR-V7 is the most extensively studied and may be measured non-invasively using validated circulating tumor cell (CTC) tests. In the context of the evolving prostate cancer treatment landscape, novel agents are developed and evaluated for their efficacy in targeting AR-V7. In patients with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC), the availability of the AR-V7 tests will make it possible to determine whether the treatments are effective for CTC AR-V7-positive disease, even though the treatments may not be specifically designed to target AR-V7. In this review, we will first outline the current prostate cancer treatment landscape, followed by an in-depth review of relatively newer prostate cancer therapeutics, focusing on AR-targeting agents under clinical development. These drugs are categorized from the standpoint of their activities against AR-V7 through direct or indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet A. Daniels
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (V.A.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (V.A.D.); (J.L.)
- Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Channing J. Paller
- Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mayuko Kanayama
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (V.A.D.); (J.L.)
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12
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Chen G, Bao B, Cheng Y, Tian M, Song J, Zheng L, Tong Q. Acetyl-CoA metabolism as a therapeutic target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115741. [PMID: 37864899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), an essential metabolite, not only takes part in numerous intracellular metabolic processes, powers the tricarboxylic acid cycle, serves as a key hub for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and isoprenoids, but also serves as a signaling substrate for acetylation reactions in post-translational modification of proteins, which is crucial for the epigenetic inheritance of cells. Acetyl-CoA links lipid metabolism with histone acetylation to create a more intricate regulatory system that affects the growth, aggressiveness, and drug resistance of malignancies such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These fascinating advances in the knowledge of acetyl-CoA metabolism during carcinogenesis and normal physiology have raised interest regarding its modulation in malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of main metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We also summarize the role of acetyl-CoA in the metabolic reprogramming and stress regulation of cancer cells, as well as medical application of inhibitors targeting its dysregulation in therapeutic intervention of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Banghe Bao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Minxiu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
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13
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Wang ZQ, Zhang ZC, Wu YY, Pi YN, Lou SH, Liu TB, Lou G, Yang C. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases, and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:420. [PMID: 37926722 PMCID: PMC10625992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Sheng-Han Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
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14
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Zang L, Yang X, Chen Y, Huang F, Yuan Y, Chen X, Zuo Y, Miao Y, Gu J, Guo H, Xia W, Peng Y, Tang M, Huang Z, Wang Y, Ma J, Jiang J, Zhou W, Zheng H, Shi W. Ubiquitin E3 ligase SPOP is a host negative regulator of enterovirus 71-encoded 2A protease. J Virol 2023; 97:e0078623. [PMID: 37796126 PMCID: PMC10617436 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00786-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE EV71 poses a significant health threat to children aged 5 and below. The process of EV71 infection and replication is predominantly influenced by ubiquitination modifications. Our previous findings indicate that EV71 prompts the activation of host deubiquitinating enzymes, thereby impeding the host interferon signaling pathway as a means of evading the immune response. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which the host employs ubiquitination modifications to hinder EV71 infection remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that the nonstructural protein 2Apro, which is encoded by EV71, exhibits ubiquitination and degradation mediated by the host E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP. In addition, it is the first report, to our knowledge, that SPOP is involved in the host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Huang
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangjie Chen
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yibo Zuo
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Miao
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhong Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Lyles RDZ, Martinez MJ, Sherman B, Schürer S, Burnstein KL. Automation, live-cell imaging, and endpoint cell viability for prostate cancer drug screens. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287126. [PMID: 37815978 PMCID: PMC10564233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for high risk and advanced prostate cancer; however, disease progression from androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) to lethal and incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and (in a substantial minority of cases) neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is common. Identifying effective targeted therapies is challenging because of acquired resistance to established treatments and the vast heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer (PC). To streamline the identification of potentially active prostate cancer therapeutics, we have developed an adaptable semi-automated protocol which optimizes cell growth and leverages automation to enhance robustness, reproducibility, and throughput while integrating live-cell imaging and endpoint viability assays to assess drug efficacy in vitro. In this study, culture conditions for 72-hr drug screens in 96-well plates were established for a large, representative panel of human prostate cell lines including: BPH-1 and RWPE-1 (non-tumorigenic), LNCaP and VCaP (ADPC), C4-2B and 22Rv1 (CRPC), DU 145 and PC3 (androgen receptor-null CRPC), and NCI-H660 (NEPC). The cell growth and 72-hr confluence for each cell line was optimized for real-time imaging and endpoint viability assays prior to screening for novel or repurposed drugs as proof of protocol validity. We demonstrated effectiveness and reliability of this pipeline through validation of the established finding that the first-in-class BET and CBP/p300 dual inhibitor EP-31670 is an effective compound in reducing ADPC and CRPC cell growth. In addition, we found that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor linsitinib is a potential pharmacological agent against highly lethal and drug-resistant NEPC NCI-H660 cells. This protocol can be employed across other cancer types and represents an adaptable strategy to optimize assay-specific cell growth conditions and simultaneously assess drug efficacy across multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando D. Z. Lyles
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Sherman
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kerry L. Burnstein
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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16
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Sun R, Yan B, Li H, Ding D, Wang L, Pang J, Ye D, Huang H. Androgen Receptor Variants Confer Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Counteracting Antiandrogen-Induced Ferroptosis. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3192-3204. [PMID: 37527336 PMCID: PMC10543964 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) inhibition by androgen deprivation and/or antiandrogen administration is the mainstay therapy for advanced prostate cancer. However, most prostate cancers ultimately become resistant to these therapies, indicating the importance of identifying mechanisms driving resistance to improve patient outcomes. Here we demonstrated that acute treatment with the antiandrogen enzalutamide (ENZ) decreased glutathione (GSH) production, increased lipid peroxidation, and induced ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells. Consistently, meta-analysis of transcriptomic data linked the androgen-AR axis to metabolism-related biological processes, including lipid metabolism. The cystine transporter gene SLC7A11 was a key AR target, and full-length AR (AR-FL) transactivated SLC7A11 transcription by directly occupying the SLC7A11 promoter and putative enhancer regions. AR variants (AR-V) preferentially bound the SLC7A11 enhancer and upregulated SLC7A11 expression, thereby conferring resistance to ferroptosis induced by ENZ treatment. However, this effect was abolished following downregulation of AR-Vs using the dual CBP/p300 and BET inhibitor NEO2734. These findings reveal ferroptosis induction as an anticancer mechanism of antiandrogens and SLC7A11 as a direct target gene of AR-FL and AR-Vs. AR-V-mediated SLC7A11 expression represents a mechanism coupling ferroptosis resistance to prostate cancer progression. SIGNIFICANCE Upregulation of SLC7A11 can be induced by androgen receptor variants to inhibit antiandrogen-induced prostate cancer cell ferroptosis and to drive castration resistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Binyuan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Donglin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Lawrence MG, Taylor RA, Cuffe GB, Ang LS, Clark AK, Goode DL, Porter LH, Le Magnen C, Navone NM, Schalken JA, Wang Y, van Weerden WM, Corey E, Isaacs JT, Nelson PS, Risbridger GP. The future of patient-derived xenografts in prostate cancer research. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:371-384. [PMID: 36650259 PMCID: PMC10789487 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are generated by engrafting human tumours into mice. Serially transplantable PDXs are used to study tumour biology and test therapeutics, linking the laboratory to the clinic. Although few prostate cancer PDXs are available in large repositories, over 330 prostate cancer PDXs have been established, spanning broad clinical stages, genotypes and phenotypes. Nevertheless, more PDXs are needed to reflect patient diversity, and to study new treatments and emerging mechanisms of resistance. We can maximize the use of PDXs by exchanging models and datasets, and by depositing PDXs into biorepositories, but we must address the impediments to accessing PDXs, such as institutional, ethical and legal agreements. Through collaboration, researchers will gain greater access to PDXs representing diverse features of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia B Cuffe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa S Ang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clémentine Le Magnen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Montero-Ovalle W, Sanabria-Salas MC, Mesa-López de Mesa J, Varela-Ramírez R, Segura-Moreno YY, Sánchez-Villalobos SA, Nuñez-Lemus M, Serrano ML. Determination of TMPRSS2-ERG, SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1 prostate cancer molecular subtypes in Colombian patients and their possible implications for prognosis. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1017-1030. [PMID: 36740223 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of cancer with of the highest incidence and mortality worldwide. Current disease prognostic markers do not differentiate aggressive from indolent PCa with sufficient certainty, and characterization by molecular subtypes has been sought to allow a better classification. TMPRSS2-ERG, SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1 molecular subtypes have been described, but the association of these subtypes with prognosis in PCa is unclear; their frequency in Colombian patients is also unknown. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of radical prostatectomy from 112 patients with PCa were used. The TMPRSS2-ERG subtype was assessed with fluorescent in situ hybridization. The mutations in SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1 in hot-spot regions were evaluated using Sanger sequencing. Fusion was detected in 71 patients (63.4%). No statistically significant differences were found between the state of fusion and the variables analyzed. In the 41 fusion-negative cases (36.6%), two patients (4.9%) had missense mutations in SPOP (p.F102C and p.F133L), representing a 1.8% of the overall cohort. The low frequency of this subtype in Colombians could be explained by the reported variability in the frequency of these mutations according to the population (5%-20%). No mutations were found in FOXA1 in the cases analyzed. The synonym SNP rs11554137 IDH1105GGT was found in tumor tissue but not in the normal tissue in one case. A larger cohort of Colombian PCa patients is needed for future studies to validate these findings and gain a better understanding of the molecular profile of this cancer in our population and if there are any differences by Colombian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Montero-Ovalle
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Varela-Ramírez
- Department of Oncological Urology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marcela Nuñez-Lemus
- Research Support and Monitoring Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha L Serrano
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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19
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Seo E, Kang M. Current status and clinical application of patient-derived tumor organoid model in kidney and prostate cancers. BMB Rep 2023; 56:24-31. [PMID: 36476272 PMCID: PMC9887101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers such as kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancers are the most common types of cancers worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. To date, traditional cell lines and animal models have been broadly used to study pre-clinical applications and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they cannot reflect biological phenotypes of real tissues and clinical diversities of urological cancers in vitro system. In vitro models cannot be utilized to reflect the tumor microenvironment or heterogeneity. Cancer organoids in three-dimensional culture have emerged as a promising platform for simulating tumor microenvironment and revealing heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in prostate and kidney cancer organoids regarding culture conditions, advantages, and applications of these cancer organoids. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 24-31].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Seo
- Molecular Pharmacology, OliPass Corporation, Yongin 17015, Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Seoul 06351, Korea,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-3410-1138; Fax: +82-2-3410-6992; E-mail:
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20
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Seo E, Kang M. Current status and clinical application of patient-derived tumor organoid model in kidney and prostate cancers. BMB Rep 2023; 56:24-31. [PMID: 36476272 PMCID: PMC9887101 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers such as kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancers are the most common types of cancers worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. To date, traditional cell lines and animal models have been broadly used to study pre-clinical applications and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they cannot reflect biological phenotypes of real tissues and clinical diversities of urological cancers in vitro system. In vitro models cannot be utilized to reflect the tumor microenvironment or heterogeneity. Cancer organoids in three-dimensional culture have emerged as a promising platform for simulating tumor microenvironment and revealing heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in prostate and kidney cancer organoids regarding culture conditions, advantages, and applications of these cancer organoids. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 24-31].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Seo
- Molecular Pharmacology, OliPass Corporation, Yongin 17015, Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
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21
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Kuang C, Tong J, Ermine K, Cai M, Dai F, Hao S, Giles F, Huang Y, Yu J, Zhang L. Dual inhibition of BET and HAT/p300 suppresses colorectal cancer via DR5- and p53/PUMA-mediated cell death. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018775. [PMID: 36313707 PMCID: PMC9599411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently has a dysregulated epigenome causing aberrant up-regulation of oncogenes such as c-MYC. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins and histone acetyltransferases (HAT) are epigenetic regulatory proteins that create and maintain epigenetic states supporting oncogenesis. BET inhibitors and HAT inhibitors are currently being investigated as cancer therapeutics due to their ability to suppress cancer-promoting epigenetic modifiers. Due to the extensive molecular crosstalk between BET proteins and HAT proteins, we hypothesized that dual inhibition of BET and HAT could more potently inhibit CRC cells than inhibition of each individual protein. Methods We investigated the activity and mechanisms of a dual BET and HAT inhibitor, NEO2734, in CRC cell lines and mouse xenografts. MTS, flow cytometry, and microscopy were used to assess cell viability. qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were used to assess mechanisms of action. Results We found that NEO2734 more potently suppresses CRC cell growth than first generation BET inhibitors, regardless of the status of common CRC driver mutations. We previously showed that BET inhibitors upregulate DR5 to induce extrinsic apoptosis. In the current study, we show that NEO2734 treatment induces CRC cell apoptosis via both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. NEO2734 increases p53 expression and subsequently increased expression of the p53-upregulated mediator of apoptosis (PUMA), which is a critical mechanism for activating intrinsic apoptosis. We demonstrate that inhibition of either the intrinsic or extrinsic branches of apoptosis partially rescues CRC cells from NEO2734 treatment, while the dual inhibition of both branches of apoptosis more strongly rescues CRC cells from NEO2734 treatment. Finally, we show that NEO2734 monotherapy is able to suppress tumor growth in CRC xenografts by inducing apoptosis. Conclusions Our study demonstrates NEO2734 potently suppresses CRC cells in vitro and in vivo by simultaneously upregulating PUMA and DR5 to induce cell death. Further studies of NEO2734 for treating CRC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Kuang
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jingshan Tong
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kaylee Ermine
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Manbo Cai
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fujun Dai
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Suisui Hao
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Francis Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Consortium, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yi Huang
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jian Yu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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22
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Aggarwal R, Starodub AN, Koh BD, Xing G, Armstrong AJ, Carducci MA. Phase Ib Study of the BET Inhibitor GS-5829 as Monotherapy and Combined with Enzalutamide in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3979-3989. [PMID: 35816286 PMCID: PMC9475238 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A phase Ib study (1604) was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GS-5829, an oral bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor, alone and in combination with enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A phase I study (1599) in solid tumors/lymphoma was also conducted. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with confirmed mCRPC and disease progression despite abiraterone and/or enzalutamide treatment were enrolled in a 3 + 3 dose escalation paradigm starting at 2 mg daily with GS-5829 alone and in combination with 160 mg daily enzalutamide. The primary efficacy endpoint was nonprogression rate at week 24; secondary endpoints included prostate-specific antigen reduction from baseline, progression-free survival, and GS-5829 pharmacokinetics (PK). PK and safety were also evaluated in Study 1599. RESULTS Thirty-one men, with a median of five prior regimens, received at least 1 dose of study drug in Study 1604. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were reported in 94% of patients; 16% discontinued for TEAEs. There were no dose-dependent increases in the AUCtau or Cmax after once-daily administration of GS-5829 2 to 9 mg, and biomarkers CCR2 inhibition and HEXIM1 induction were increased only at higher doses of monotherapy. A high degree of interpatient variability existed across all doses in PK and pharmacodynamic parameters. The proportion with nonprogression at week 24, estimated by Kaplan-Meier model, was 25% (95% confidence interval, 10-42) for all treated patients. CONCLUSIONS GS-5829 was generally tolerated but demonstrated limited efficacy and lack of dose proportional increases in plasma concentrations in patients with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Aggarwal
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Corresponding Author: Rahul Aggarwal, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158. Phone: 415-476-4616; E-mail:
| | | | | | - Guan Xing
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
| | - Andrew J. Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael A. Carducci
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Moreira-Silva F, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. From Therapy Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877379. [PMID: 35686097 PMCID: PMC9170957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide. Although early-stage disease is curable, advanced stage PCa is mostly incurable and eventually becomes resistant to standard therapeutic options. Different genetic and epigenetic alterations are associated with the development of therapy resistant PCa, with specific players being particularly involved in this process. Therefore, identification and targeting of these molecules with selective inhibitors might result in anti-tumoral effects. Herein, we describe the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in PCa, focusing on the most relevant molecules, aiming to enlighten the current state of targeted therapies in PCa. We suggest that selective drug targeting, either alone or in combination with standard treatment options, might improve therapeutic sensitivity of resistant PCa. Moreover, an individualized analysis of tumor biology in each PCa patient might improve treatment selection and therapeutic response, enabling better disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Moreira-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (He-alth Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (He-alth Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (He-alth Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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24
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Fu R, Zu SJ, Liu YJ, Li JC, Dang WZ, Liao LP, Liu LP, Chen PY, Huang HM, Wu KH, Zhou B, Pan Q, Luo C, Zhang YY, Li GM. Selective bromodomain and extra-terminal bromodomain inhibitor inactivates macrophages and hepatic stellate cells to inhibit liver inflammation and fibrosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10914-10930. [PMID: 35499161 PMCID: PMC9278415 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs following inflammation triggered by the integrated actions of activated liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the multiplicity of these mechanisms complicates drug therapy. Here, we demonstrate that the selective bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibitor compound38 can block both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in macrophages, which decreased their secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. The inactivation of macrophages attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced injurious inflammation concurrent with a reduction in F4/80+ cells, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, compound 38 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signaling pathways to abolish the activation of HSCs. In vivo, compound 38 significantly decreased the collagen deposition and fibrotic area of a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model, and restored the deficiency of activated HSCs and the upregulation of liver inflammation. These results highlight the potential role of compound 38 in treating liver fibrosis considering its simultaneous inhibitory effects on liver inflammation and related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Jia Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Hui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
- Research center, Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, Zhouyuan District, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Zuchongzhi District, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Yangpu District, China
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25
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Novel insights into the SPOP E3 ubiquitin ligase: From the regulation of molecular mechanisms to tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112882. [PMID: 35364375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is the primary biological process by which protein abundance is regulated and protein homeostasis is maintained in eukaryotic cells. Speckle-type pox virus and zinc finger (POZ) protein (SPOP) is a typical substrate adaptor of the Cullin 3-RING ligase (CRL3) family; it serves as a bridge between the Cullin 3 (Cul3) scaffold protein and its substrates. In recent years, SPOP has received increasing attention because of its versatility in its regulatory pathways and the diversity of tumor types involved. Mechanistically, SPOP substrates are involved in a wide range of biological processes, and abnormalities in SPOP function perturb downstream biological processes and promote tumorigenesis. Additionally, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a potential mechanism of membraneless organelle formation, was recently found to mediate the self-triggered colocalization of substrates with higher-order oligomers of SPOP. Herein, we summarize the structure of SPOP and the specific mechanisms by which it mediates the efficient ubiquitination of substrates. Additionally, we review the biological functions of SPOP, the regulation of SPOP expression, the role of SPOP in tumorigenesis and its therapeutic value.
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26
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XP-524 is a dual-BET/EP300 inhibitor that represses oncogenic KRAS and potentiates immune checkpoint inhibition in pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2116764119. [PMID: 35064087 PMCID: PMC8795568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116764119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no effective treatments for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which displays widespread resistance to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that the multispecificity BET/EP300 inhibitor XP-524 has pronounced single-agent efficacy in vitro, in vivo, and in ex vivo human PDAC slice cultures, functioning in part by attenuating oncogenic KRAS signaling. In vivo XP-524 led to extensive reprogramming of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, sensitizing murine carcinoma to immune checkpoint inhibition and further extending survival. Given the urgent need for therapeutic approaches in PDAC, the combination of XP-524 and immune checkpoint inhibition warrants additional exploration. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with extensive dysregulation of the epigenome and epigenetic regulators, such as bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) proteins, have been suggested as potential targets for therapy. However, single-agent BET inhibition has shown poor efficacy in clinical trials, and no epigenetic approaches are currently used in PDAC. To circumvent the limitations of the current generation of BET inhibitors, we developed the compound XP-524 as an inhibitor of the BET protein BRD4 and the histone acetyltransferase EP300/CBP, both of which are ubiquitously expressed in PDAC tissues and cooperate to enhance tumorigenesis. XP-524 showed increased potency and superior tumoricidal activity than the benchmark BET inhibitor JQ-1 in vitro, with comparable efficacy to higher-dose JQ-1 combined with the EP300/CBP inhibitor SGC-CBP30. We determined that this is in part due to the epigenetic silencing of KRAS in vitro, with similar results observed using ex vivo slice cultures of human PDAC tumors. Accordingly, XP-524 prevented KRAS-induced, neoplastic transformation in vivo and extended survival in two transgenic mouse models of aggressive PDAC. In addition to the inhibition of KRAS/MAPK signaling, XP-524 also enhanced the presentation of self-peptide and tumor recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, though these lymphocytes remained refractory from full activation. We, therefore, combined XP-524 with an anti–PD-1 antibody in vivo, which reactivated the cytotoxic immune program and extended survival well beyond XP-524 in monotherapy. Pending a comprehensive safety evaluation, these results suggest that XP-524 may benefit PDAC patients and warrant further exploration, particularly in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition.
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27
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Feng L, Wang G, Chen Y, He G, Liu B, Liu J, Chiang CM, Ouyang L. Dual-target inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins in cancer: A review from medicinal chemistry perspectives. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:710-743. [PMID: 34633088 DOI: 10.1002/med.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), as the most studied member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family, is a chromatin reader protein interpreting epigenetic codes through binding to acetylated histones and non-histone proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes including cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. As a promising drug target, BRD4 function is closely related to cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and liver fibrosis. Currently, clinical resistance to BET inhibitors has limited their applications but synergistic antitumor effects have been observed when used in combination with other tumor inhibitors targeting additional cellular components such as PLK1, HDAC, CDK, and PARP1. Therefore, designing dual-target inhibitors of BET bromodomains is a rational strategy in cancer treatment to increase potency and reduce drug resistance. This review summarizes the protein structures and biological functions of BRD4 and discusses recent advances of dual BET inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry perspective. We also discuss the current design and discovery strategies for dual BET inhibitors, providing insight into potential discovery of additional dual-target BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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SPOP mutation induces replication over-firing by impairing Geminin ubiquitination and triggers replication catastrophe upon ATR inhibition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5779. [PMID: 34599168 PMCID: PMC8486843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminin and its binding partner Cdt1 are essential for the regulation of DNA replication. Here we show that the CULLIN3 E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein SPOP binds Geminin at endogenous level and regulates DNA replication. SPOP promotes K27-linked non-degradative poly-ubiquitination of Geminin at lysine residues 100 and 127. This poly-ubiquitination of Geminin prevents DNA replication over-firing by indirectly blocking the association of Cdt1 with the MCM protein complex, an interaction required for DNA unwinding and replication. SPOP is frequently mutated in certain human cancer types and implicated in tumorigenesis. We show that cancer-associated SPOP mutations impair Geminin K27-linked poly-ubiquitination and induce replication origin over-firing and re-replication. The replication stress caused by SPOP mutations triggers replication catastrophe and cell death upon ATR inhibition. Our results reveal a tumor suppressor role of SPOP in preventing DNA replication over-firing and genome instability and suggest that SPOP-mutated tumors may be susceptible to ATR inhibitor therapy. Geminin-Cdt1 plays essential roles in the regulation of DNA replication. Here the authors reveal that the CULLIN3 E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein SPOP prevents DNA replication over-firing and genome instability by affecting Geminin ubiquitination.
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29
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SPOP mutation induces DNA methylation via stabilizing GLP/G9a. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5716. [PMID: 34588438 PMCID: PMC8481544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SPOP E3 ligase gene are reportedly associated with genome-wide DNA hypermethylation in prostate cancer (PCa) although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that SPOP binds and promotes polyubiquitination and degradation of histone methyltransferase and DNMT interactor GLP. SPOP mutation induces stabilization of GLP and its partner protein G9a and aberrant upregulation of global DNA hypermethylation in cultured PCa cells and primary PCa specimens. Genome-wide DNA methylome analysis shows that a subset of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) including FOXO3, GATA5, and NDRG1, are hypermethylated and downregulated in SPOP-mutated PCa cells. DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine effectively reverses expression of the TSGs examined, inhibits SPOP-mutated PCa cell growth in vitro and in mice, and enhances docetaxel anti-cancer efficacy. Our findings reveal the GLP/G9a-DNMT module as a mediator of DNA hypermethylation in SPOP-mutated PCa. They suggest that SPOP mutation could be a biomarker for effective treatment of PCa with DNA methylation inhibitor alone or in combination with taxane chemotherapeutics. The molecular mechanism underlying the DNA hypermethylation phenotype observed in the SPOP-mutant prostate cancers is unclear. Here, the authors show that mutant SPOP induces global aberrant DNA methylation patterns through GLP/G9a and renders prostate cancer cells susceptible to DNA demethylating agents.
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30
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Nguyen LV, Caldas C. Functional genomics approaches to improve pre-clinical drug screening and biomarker discovery. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13189. [PMID: 34254730 PMCID: PMC8422077 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technology have enabled the genomic and transcriptomic characterization of human malignancies with unprecedented detail. However, this wealth of information has been slow to translate into clinically meaningful outcomes. Different models to study human cancers have been established and extensively characterized. Using these models, functional genomic screens and pre-clinical drug screening platforms have identified genetic dependencies that can be exploited with drug therapy. These genetic dependencies can also be used as biomarkers to predict response to treatment. For many cancers, the identification of such biomarkers remains elusive. In this review, we discuss the development and characterization of models used to study human cancers, RNA interference and CRISPR screens to identify genetic dependencies, large-scale pharmacogenomics studies and drug screening approaches to improve pre-clinical drug screening and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long V Nguyen
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer CentreCambridgeUK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer CentreCambridgeUK
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31
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The Novel Oral BET-CBP/p300 Dual Inhibitor NEO2734 Is Highly Effective in Eradicating Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blasts and Stem/Progenitor Cells. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e610. [PMID: 34258514 PMCID: PMC8265862 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by transcriptional dysregulation that results in a block in differentiation and aberrant self-renewal. Inhibitors directed to epigenetic modifiers, aiming at transcriptional reprogramming of AML cells, are currently in clinical trials for AML patients. Several of these inhibitors target bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, cyclic AMP response binding protein-binding protein (CBP), and the E1A-interacting protein of 300 kDa (p300), affecting histone acetylation. Unfortunately, single epigenetic inhibitors showed limited efficacy due to appearance of resistance and lack of effective eradication of leukemic stem cells. Here, we describe the efficacy of 2 novel, orally available inhibitors targeting both the BET and CBP/p300 proteins, NEO1132 and NEO2734, in primary AML. NEO2734 and NEO1132 efficiently reduced the viability of AML cell lines and primary AML cells by inducing apoptosis. Importantly, both NEO drugs eliminated leukemic stem/progenitor cells from AML patient samples, and NEO2734 increased the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy treatment in an in vivo AML patient-derived mouse model. Thus, dual inhibition of BET and CBP/p300 using NEO2734 is a promising therapeutic strategy for AML patients, making it a focus for clinical translation.
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32
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Waddell AR, Huang H, Liao D. CBP/p300: Critical Co-Activators for Nuclear Steroid Hormone Receptors and Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Prostate and Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2872. [PMID: 34201346 PMCID: PMC8229436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are two paralogous lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) that were discovered in the 1980s-1990s. Since their discovery, CBP/p300 have emerged as important regulatory proteins due to their ability to acetylate histone and non-histone proteins to modulate transcription. Work in the last 20 years has firmly established CBP/p300 as critical regulators for nuclear hormone signaling pathways, which drive tumor growth in several cancer types. Indeed, CBP/p300 are critical co-activators for the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in prostate and breast cancer, respectively. The AR and ER are stimulated by sex hormones and function as transcription factors to regulate genes involved in cell cycle progression, metabolism, and other cellular functions that contribute to oncogenesis. Recent structural studies of the AR/p300 and ER/p300 complexes have provided critical insights into the mechanism by which p300 interacts with and activates AR- and ER-mediated transcription. Breast and prostate cancer rank the first and forth respectively in cancer diagnoses worldwide and effective treatments are urgently needed. Recent efforts have identified specific and potent CBP/p300 inhibitors that target the acetyltransferase activity and the acetytllysine-binding bromodomain (BD) of CBP/p300. These compounds inhibit AR signaling and tumor growth in prostate cancer. CBP/p300 inhibitors may also be applicable for treating breast and other hormone-dependent cancers. Here we provide an in-depth account of the critical roles of CBP/p300 in regulating the AR and ER signaling pathways and discuss the potential of CBP/p300 inhibitors for treating prostate and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Waddell
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Haojie Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Daiqing Liao
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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33
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Waddell A, Mahmud I, Ding H, Huo Z, Liao D. Pharmacological Inhibition of CBP/p300 Blocks Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) Function through Suppressing Enhancer H3K27 Acetylation in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2799. [PMID: 34199844 PMCID: PMC8200112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is the oncogenic driver for ER+ breast cancer (BC). ER antagonists are the standard-of-care treatment for ER+ BC; however, primary and acquired resistance to these agents is common. CBP and p300 are critical ER co-activators and their acetyltransferase (KAT) domain and acetyl-lysine binding bromodomain (BD) represent tractable drug targets, but whether CBP/p300 inhibitors can effectively suppress ER signaling remains unclear. We report that the CBP/p300 KAT inhibitor A-485 and the BD inhibitor GNE-049 downregulate ER, attenuate estrogen-induced c-Myc and Cyclin D1 expression, and inhibit growth of ER+ BC cells through inducing senescence. Microarray and RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that A-485 or EP300 (encoding p300) knockdown globally inhibits expression of estrogen-regulated genes, confirming that ER inhibition is an on-target effect of A-485. Using ChIP-seq, we report that A-485 suppresses H3K27 acetylation in the enhancers of ER target genes (including MYC and CCND1) and this correlates with their decreased expression, providing a mechanism underlying how CBP/p300 inhibition downregulates ER gene network. Together, our results provide a preclinical proof-of-concept that CBP/p300 represent promising therapeutic targets in ER+ BC for inhibiting ER signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Waddell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (A.W.); (I.M.)
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (A.W.); (I.M.)
| | - Haocheng Ding
- Departments of Biostatistics, University Florida College of Medicine, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (H.D.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Departments of Biostatistics, University Florida College of Medicine, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (H.D.); (Z.H.)
| | - Daiqing Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (A.W.); (I.M.)
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34
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Kanayama M, Lu C, Luo J, Antonarakis ES. AR Splicing Variants and Resistance to AR Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2563. [PMID: 34071114 PMCID: PMC8197115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in prostate cancer research have led to discovery and development of novel biomarkers and effective treatments. As treatment options diversify, it is critical to further develop and use optimal biomarkers for the purpose of maximizing treatment benefit and minimizing unwanted adverse effects. Because most treatments for prostate cancer target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, aberrations affecting this drug target are likely to emerge following the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and it is conceivable that such aberrations may play a role in drug resistance. Among the many AR aberrations, we and others have been studying androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs), especially AR-V7, and have conducted preclinical and clinical studies to develop and validate the clinical utility of AR-V7 as a prognostic and potential predictive biomarker. In this review, we first describe mechanisms of AR-V generation, regulation and their functions from a molecular perspective. We then discuss AR-Vs from a clinical perspective, focusing on the significance of AR-Vs detected in different types of human specimens and AR-Vs as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kanayama
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (M.K.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Changxue Lu
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (M.K.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (M.K.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (M.K.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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35
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Welti J, Sharp A, Brooks N, Yuan W, McNair C, Chand SN, Pal A, Figueiredo I, Riisnaes R, Gurel B, Rekowski J, Bogdan D, West W, Young B, Raja M, Prosser A, Lane J, Thomson S, Worthington J, Onions S, Shannon J, Paoletta S, Brown R, Smyth D, Harbottle GW, Gil VS, Miranda S, Crespo M, Ferreira A, Pereira R, Tunariu N, Carreira S, Neeb AJ, Ning J, Swain A, Taddei D, Schiewer MJ, Knudsen KE, Pegg N, de Bono JS. Targeting the p300/CBP Axis in Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1118-1137. [PMID: 33431496 PMCID: PMC8102310 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to androgen receptor (AR) blockade in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with sustained AR signaling, including through alternative splicing of AR (AR-SV). Inhibitors of transcriptional coactivators that regulate AR activity, including the paralog histone acetyltransferase proteins p300 and CBP, are attractive therapeutic targets for lethal prostate cancer. Herein, we validate targeting p300/CBP as a therapeutic strategy for lethal prostate cancer and describe CCS1477, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the p300/CBP conserved bromodomain. We show that CCS1477 inhibits cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines and decreases AR- and C-MYC-regulated gene expression. In AR-SV-driven models, CCS1477 has antitumor activity, regulating AR and C-MYC signaling. Early clinical studies suggest that CCS1477 modulates KLK3 blood levels and regulates CRPC biopsy biomarker expression. Overall, CCS1477 shows promise for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Treating CRPC remains challenging due to persistent AR signaling. Inhibiting transcriptional AR coactivators is an attractive therapeutic strategy. CCS1477, an inhibitor of p300/CBP, inhibits growth and AR activity in CRPC models, and can affect metastatic CRPC target expression in serial clinical biopsies.See related commentary by Rasool et al., p. 1011.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Welti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Abhijit Pal
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Riisnaes
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rekowski
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barbara Young
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Raja
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Prosser
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Lane
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Thomson
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stuart Onions
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Richard Brown
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Don Smyth
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Veronica S Gil
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Miranda
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateus Crespo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Ferreira
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Pereira
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Tunariu
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antje J Neeb
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Ning
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Swain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Taddei
- Sygnature Discovery Services, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Neil Pegg
- CellCentric Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Shorstova T, Foulkes WD, Witcher M. Achieving clinical success with BET inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1478-1490. [PMID: 33723398 PMCID: PMC8076232 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional upregulation of oncogenes is a driving force behind the progression of many tumours. However, until a decade ago, the concept of 'switching off' these oncogenic pathways represented a formidable challenge. Research has revealed that members of the bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) motif family are key activators of oncogenic networks in a spectrum of cancers; their function depends on their recruitment to chromatin through two bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). The advent of potent inhibitors of BET proteins (BETi), which target either one or both bromodomains, represents an important step towards the goal of suppressing oncogenic networks within tumours. Here, we discuss the biology of BET proteins, advances in BETi design and highlight potential biomarkers predicting their activity. We also outline the logic of incorporating BETi into combination therapies to enhance its efficacy. We suggest that understanding mechanisms of activity, defining predictive biomarkers and identifying potent synergies represents a roadmap for clinical success using BETi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Shorstova
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - William D. Foulkes
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC Canada
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37
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Shi L, Yan Y, He Y, Yan B, Pan Y, Orme JJ, Zhang J, Xu W, Pang J, Huang H. Mutated SPOP E3 Ligase Promotes 17βHSD4 Protein Degradation to Drive Androgenesis and Prostate Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3593-3606. [PMID: 33762355 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying intratumoral androgenesis and aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation in prostate cancer remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that ectopic expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor speckle-type poxvirus and zinc finger domain protein (SPOP) stabilizes 17βHSD4. SPOP bound a functional substrate-binding consensus (SBC) motif 315RATST319 in 17βHSD4 and promoted nondegradable K27- and K29-linked polyubiquitination of 17βHSD4. The effect of SPOP was antagonized by serum- and glucocorticoid kinase-3 (SGK3)-mediated phosphorylation of serine 318 (S318) in the SBC and S318 phosphorylation-dependent binding of SKP2 E3 ligase and subsequent K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of 17βHSD4. Prostate cancer-associated SPOP mutations impaired the SPOP-17βHSD4 interaction, caused 17βHSD4 protein destruction in prostate cancer cells in culture and patient specimens, and increased testosterone production and prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in mouse models. Thus, we have identified SPOP and SKP2 as two essential E3 ubiquitin ligases that exert opposite effects on 17βHSD4 protein degradation and intratumoral androgenesis in prostate cancer cells. We further demonstrate that SPOP mutations or SKP2 overexpression contribute to prostate cancer progression by decreasing 17βHSD4 expression and increasing intratumoral androgen synthesis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals a novel mechanism of aberrant AR activation in SPOP-mutated prostate cancer and uncovers putative biomarkers for effective treatment by AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yundong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Binyuan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jacob J Orme
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. .,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
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38
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A noncanonical AR addiction drives enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1521. [PMID: 33750801 PMCID: PMC7943793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to next-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide (ENZ) constitutes a major challenge for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). By performing genome-wide ChIP-seq profiling in ENZ-resistant CRPC cells we identify a set of androgen receptor (AR) binding sites with increased AR binding intensity (ARBS-gained). While ARBS-gained loci lack the canonical androgen response elements (ARE) and pioneer factor FOXA1 binding motifs, they are highly enriched with CpG islands and the binding sites of unmethylated CpG dinucleotide-binding protein CXXC5 and the partner TET2. RNA-seq analysis reveals that both CXXC5 and its regulated genes including ID1 are upregulated in ENZ-resistant cell lines and these results are further confirmed in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and patient specimens. Consistent with the finding that ARBS-gained loci are highly enriched with H3K27ac modification, ENZ-resistant PCa cells, organoids, xenografts and PDXs are hyper-sensitive to NEO2734, a dual inhibitor of BET and CBP/p300 proteins. These results not only reveal a noncanonical AR function in acquisition of ENZ resistance, but also posit a treatment strategy to target this vulnerability in ENZ-resistant CRPC. Resistance to second generation anti-androgen therapies such as enzalutamide (ENZ) can emerge in prostate cancer patients. Here, the authors identify an ENZ-resistant mechanism driven by AR-dependent transcription of noncanonical targets that make resistant cells susceptible to dual inhibition of BET and CBP/p300 signaling.
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Pearson AD, DuBois SG, Buenger V, Kieran M, Stegmaier K, Bandopadhayay P, Bennett K, Bourdeaut F, Brown PA, Chesler L, Clymer J, Fox E, French CA, Germovsek E, Giles FJ, Bender JG, Hattersley MM, Ludwinski D, Luptakova K, Maris J, McDonough J, Nikolova Z, Smith M, Tsiatis AC, Vibhakar R, Weiner S, Yi JS, Zheng F, Vassal G. Bromodomain and extra-terminal inhibitors-A consensus prioritisation after the Paediatric Strategy Forum for medicinal product development of epigenetic modifiers in children-ACCELERATE. Eur J Cancer 2021; 146:115-124. [PMID: 33601323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Based on biology and pre-clinical data, bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors have at least three potential roles in paediatric malignancies: NUT (nuclear protein in testis) carcinomas, MYC/MYCN-driven cancers and fusion-driven malignancies. However, there are now at least 10 BET inhibitors in development, with a limited relevant paediatric population in which to evaluate these medicinal products. Therefore, a meeting was convened with the specific aim to develop a consensus among relevant biopharmaceutical companies, academic researchers, as well as patient and family advocates, about the development of BET inhibitors, including prioritisation and their specific roles in children. Although BET inhibitors have been in clinical trials in adults since 2012, the first-in-child study (BMS-986158) only opened in 2019. In the future, when there is strong mechanistic rationale or pre-clinical activity of a class of medicinal product in paediatrics, early clinical evaluation with embedded correlative studies of a member of the class should be prioritised and rapidly executed in paediatric populations. There is a strong mechanistic and biological rationale to evaluate BET inhibitors in paediatrics, underpinned by substantial, but not universal, pre-clinical data. However, most pan-BET inhibitors have been challenging to administer in adults, since monotherapy results in only modest anti-tumour activity and provides a narrow therapeutic index due to thrombocytopenia. It was concluded that it is neither scientifically justified nor feasible to undertake simultaneously early clinical trials in paediatrics of all pan-BET inhibitors. However, there is a clinical need for global access to BET inhibitors for patients with NUT carcinoma, a very rare malignancy driven by bromodomain fusions, with proof of concept of clinical benefit in a subset of patients treated with BET inhibitors. Development and regulatory pathway in this indication should include children and adolescents as well as adults. Beyond NUT carcinoma, it was proposed that further clinical development of other pan-BET inhibitors in children should await the results of the first paediatric clinical trial of BMS-986158, unless there is compelling rationale based on the specific agent of interest. BDII-selective inhibitors, central nervous system-penetrant BET inhibitors (e.g. CC-90010), and those dual-targeting BET/p300 bromodomain are of particular interest and warrant further pre-clinical investigation. This meeting emphasised the value of a coordinated and integrated strategy to drug development in paediatric oncology. A multi-stakeholder approach with multiple companies developing a consensus with academic investigators early in the development of a class of compounds, and then engaging regulatory agencies would improve efficiency, productivity, conserve resources and maximise potential benefit for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Clymer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Zariana Nikolova
- Celgene International, a Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | | | - Joanna S Yi
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, USA
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40
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Carneiro BA, Lotan TL, de Souza A, Aggarwal R. Emerging Subtypes and New Treatments for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 40:e319-e332. [PMID: 32479115 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genomic characterization of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been remodeling the treatment landscape of this disease in the past decade. The emergence of molecularly defined subsets of mCRPC is altering the treatment paradigm from therapeutics with nonspecific activity across the spectrum, including androgen receptor (AR)-directed treatments, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel, to targeted approaches directed at molecular subsets of disease. The meaningful benefit of PARP inhibitors in mCRPC carrying mutations in DNA repair genes demonstrated in a phase III trial epitomizes this transition in the treatment paradigm of mCRPC and brings new challenges related to how to sequence and integrate the targeted therapies on top of the treatments with broad activity in all mCRPC. To enable and sustain the advance of precision oncology in the management of mCRPC, genomic characterization is required, including somatic and germline testing, for all patients with the ultimate goal of longitudinal molecular profiling guiding treatment decisions and sequential treatments of this lethal disease. This article reviews the emerging molecular subtypes of mCRPC that are driving the evolution of mCRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito A Carneiro
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI.,Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andre de Souza
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI.,Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI
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Supercharging BRD4 with NUT in carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:1396-1408. [PMID: 33452461 PMCID: PMC7914217 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
NUT carcinoma (NC) is an extremely aggressive squamous cancer with no effective therapy. NC is driven, most commonly, by the BRD4-NUT fusion oncoprotein. BRD4-NUT combines the chromatin-binding bromo- and extraterminal domain-containing (BET) protein, BRD4, with an unstructured, poorly understood protein, NUT, which recruits and activates the histone acetyltransferase p300. Recruitment of p300 to chromatin by BRD4 is believed to lead to the formation of hyperacetylated nuclear foci, as seen by immunofluorescence. BRD4-NUT nuclear foci correspond with massive contiguous regions of chromatin co-enriched with BRD4-NUT, p300, and acetylated histones, termed "megadomains" (MD). Megadomains stretch for as long as 2 MB. Proteomics has defined a BRD4-NUT chromatin complex in which members that associate with BRD4 also exist as rare NUT-fusion partners. This suggests that the common pathogenic denominator is the presence of both BRD4 and NUT, and that the function of BRD4-NUT may mimic that of wild-type BRD4. If so, then MDs may function as massive super-enhancers, activating transcription in a BET-dependent manner. Common targets of MDs across multiple NCs and tissues are three stem cell-related transcription factors frequently implicated in cancer: MYC, SOX2, and TP63. Recently, MDs were found to form a novel nuclear sub-compartment, called subcompartment M (subM), where MD-MD interactions occur both intra- and inter-chromosomally. Included in subM are MYC, SOX2, and TP63. Here we explore the possibility that if MDs are simply large super-enhancers, subM may exist in other cell systems, with broad implications for how 3D organization of the genome may function in gene regulation and maintenance of cell identity. Finally, we discuss how our knowledge of BRD4-NUT function has been leveraged for the therapeutic development of first-in-class BET inhibitors and other targeted strategies.
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Akinsiku OE, Soremekun OS, Soliman MES. Update and Potential Opportunities in CBP [Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB)-Binding Protein] Research Using Computational Techniques. Protein J 2021; 40:19-27. [PMID: 33394237 PMCID: PMC7868315 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CBP [cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein] is one of the most researched proteins for its therapeutic function. Several studies have identified its vast functions and interactions with other transcription factors to initiate cellular signals of survival. In cancer and other diseases such as Alzheimer's, Rubinstein-taybi syndrome, and inflammatory diseases, CBP has been implicated and hence an attractive target in drug design and development. In this review, we explore the various computational techniques that have been used in CBP research, furthermore we identified computational gaps that could be explored to facilitate the development of highly therapeutic CBP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwayimika E Akinsiku
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi S Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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43
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Wu D, Yan Y, Wei T, Ye Z, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Orme JJ, Wang D, Wang L, Ren S, Huang H. An acetyl-histone vulnerability in PI3K/AKT inhibition-resistant cancers is targetable by both BET and HDAC inhibitors. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108744. [PMID: 33596421 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT-targeted monotherapy implies the existence of common resistance mechanisms independent of cancer type. Here, we demonstrate that PI3K/AKT inhibitors cause glycolytic crisis, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) shortage, and a global decrease in histone acetylation. In addition, PI3K/AKT inhibitors induce drug resistance by selectively augmenting histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and binding of CBP/p300 and BRD4 proteins at a subset of growth factor and receptor (GF/R) gene loci. BRD4 occupation at these loci and drug-resistant cell growth are vulnerable to both bromodomain and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Little or no occupation of HDAC proteins at the GF/R gene loci underscores the paradox that cells respond equivalently to the two classes of inhibitors with opposite modes of action. Targeting this unique acetyl-histone-related vulnerability offers two clinically viable strategies to overcome PI3K/AKT inhibitor resistance in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN 55905, USA; Wuxi Institute of Health Sciences of Beijing Institute of Genomics, Wuxi 214174, China
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ting Wei
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacob J Orme
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dejie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Wuxi Institute of Health Sciences of Beijing Institute of Genomics, Wuxi 214174, China; Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN 55905, USA; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, MN 55905, USA.
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44
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Zhou Y, Jin X, Ma J, Ding D, Huang Z, Sheng H, Yan Y, Pan Y, Wei T, Wang L, Wu H, Huang H. HDAC5 Loss Impairs RB Repression of Pro-Oncogenic Genes and Confers CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1486-1499. [PMID: 33419772 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein RB acts as a transcription repressor via interaction of its pocket domain with an LXCXE motif in histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins such as HDAC1. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC5 deficient for the LXCXE motif interacts with both RB-N (via an FXXXV motif) and RB-C segments, and such interactions are diminished by phosphorylation of RB serine-249/threonine-252 and threonine-821. HDAC5 was frequently downregulated or deleted in human cancers such as prostate cancer. Loss of HDAC5 increased histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27-ac) and circumvented RB-mediated repression of cell-cycle-related pro-oncogenic genes. HDAC5 loss also conferred resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib in prostate and breast cancer cells in vitro and prostate tumors in vivo, but this effect was overcome by the BET-CBP/p300 dual inhibitor NEO2734. Our findings reveal an unknown role of HDAC5 in RB-mediated histone deacetylation and gene repression and define a new mechanism modulating CDK4/6 inhibitor therapeutic sensitivity in cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE: This study defines a previously uncharacterized role of HDAC5 in tumor suppression and provides a viable strategy to overcome CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in HDAC5-deficent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Donglin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haoyue Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ting Wei
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota. .,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
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45
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Dong B, Qiu Z, Wu Y. Tackle Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition With Epigenetic Drugs in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:596239. [PMID: 33343366 PMCID: PMC7746977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial properties to acquire mesenchymal features. EMT is essential for embryogenesis and wound healing but is aberrantly activated in pathological conditions like fibrosis and cancer. Tumor-associated EMT contributes to cancer cell initiation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. This dynamic and reversible event is governed by EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) with epigenetic complexes. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the mechanisms that modulate EMT in the context of epigenetic regulation, with emphasis on epigenetic drugs, such as DNA demethylating reagents, inhibitors of histone modifiers and non-coding RNA medication. Therapeutic contributions that improve epigenetic regulation of EMT will translate the clinical manifestation as treating cancer progression more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zhaoping Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Yadi Wu,
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46
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Super-enhancer in prostate cancer: transcriptional disorders and therapeutic targets. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:31. [PMID: 33299103 PMCID: PMC7677538 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-00137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activity of oncogenic and tumor-suppressor signaling pathways contributes to cancer and cancer risk in humans. Transcriptional dysregulation of these pathways is commonly associated with tumorigenesis and the development of cancer. Genetic and epigenetic alterations may mediate dysregulated transcriptional activity. One of the most important epigenetic alternations is the non-coding regulatory element, which includes both enhancers and super-enhancers (SEs). SEs, characterized as large clusters of enhancers with aberrant high levels of transcription factor binding, have been considered as key drivers of gene expression in controlling and maintaining cancer cell identity. In cancer cells, oncogenes acquire SEs and the cancer phenotype relies on these abnormal transcription programs driven by SEs, which leads to cancer cells often becoming addicted to the SEs-related transcription programs, including prostate cancer. Here, we summarize recent findings of SEs and SEs-related gene regulation in prostate cancer and review the potential pharmacological inhibitors in basic research and clinical trials.
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47
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Ryan KR, Giles F, Morgan GJ. Targeting both BET and CBP/EP300 proteins with the novel dual inhibitors NEO2734 and NEO1132 leads to anti-tumor activity in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2020; 106:90-99. [PMID: 32997383 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two promising epigenetic therapeutic targets have emerged for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, BET and CBP/EP300 proteins. Several studies have shown that targeting these individual classes of proteins has anti-tumor activity in multiple myeloma (MM), as well as other cancers. Here, we present the first data exploring the anti-tumor activity of two novel dual inhibitors, NEO2734 and NEO1132, of both BET and CBP/EP300 proteins in MM. METHODS Sixteen MM cell lines (MMCLs) were treated with the dual inhibitors NEO2734 and NEO1132, the single BET inhibitors JQ1, OTX015, IBET-762, and IBET-151, and a single CBP/EP300 inhibitor CPI-637. RESULTS The dual inhibitor NEO2734 showed strong anti-tumor activity and was consistently highly active against all MMCLs, being as potent as JQ1 and more so than other single inhibitors. NEO2734 and NEO11132 induced a significant G1 cell cycle arrest and decreased c-MYC and IRF4 protein levels in MMCLs compared to the other single inhibitors. Sensitivity to the dual inhibitors was not dependent on a specific MM molecular subgroup but correlated with c-MYC protein expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The dual inhibition of BET and CBP/EP300 has potential therapeutic benefits for patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Consortium, Chicago, IL, USA
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48
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He W, Zhang J, Liu B, Liu X, Liu G, Xie L, He J, Wei M, Li K, Ma J, Dong R, Ma D, Dong K, Ye M. S119N Mutation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SPOP Suppresses SLC7A1 Degradation to Regulate Hepatoblastoma Progression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:149-162. [PMID: 33209975 PMCID: PMC7644817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A previous study on hepatoblastoma revealed novel mutations and cancer genes in the Wnt pathway and ubiquitin ligase complex, including the tumor suppressor speckle-type BTB/POZ (SPOP). Moreover, the SPOP gene affected cell growth, and its S119N mutation was identified as a loss-of-function mutation in hepatoblastoma. This study aimed to explore more functions and the potential mechanism of SPOP and its S119N mutation. The in vitro effects of SPOP on cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and in vivo tumor growth were investigated by western blot analysis, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and xenograft animal experiments. The substrate of SPOP was discovered by a protein quantification assay and quantitative ubiquitination modification assay. The present study further proved that SPOP functioned as an anti-oncogene through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway to affect various malignant biological behaviors of hepatoblastoma both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, experimental results also suggested that solute carrier family 7 member 1 (SLC7A1) might be a substrate of SPOP and influence cell phenotype by regulating arginine metabolism. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated the function of SPOP and revealed a potential substrate related to hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis, which might thus provide a novel therapeutic target for hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Baihui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiangqi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Gongbao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Lulu Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jiajun He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jing Ma
- ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Corresponding author Duan Ma, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
- Corresponding author Kuiran Dong, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Mujie Ye
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
- Corresponding author Mujie Ye, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
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Maekawa M, Higashiyama S. The Roles of SPOP in DNA Damage Response and DNA Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197293. [PMID: 33023230 PMCID: PMC7582541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Speckle-type BTB/POZ protein (SPOP) is a substrate recognition receptor of the cullin-3 (CUL3)/RING type ubiquitin E3 complex. To date, approximately 30 proteins have been identified as ubiquitinated substrates of the CUL3/SPOP complex. Pathologically, missense mutations in the substrate-binding domain of SPOP have been found in prostate and endometrial cancers. Prostate and endometrial cancer-associated SPOP mutations lose and increase substrate-binding ability, respectively. Expression of these SPOP mutants, thus, causes aberrant turnovers of the substrate proteins, leading to tumor formation. Although the molecular properties of SPOP and its cancer-associated mutants have been intensively elucidated, their cellular functions remain unclear. Recently, a number of studies have uncovered the critical role of SPOP and its mutants in DNA damage response and DNA replication. In this review article, we summarize the physiological functions of SPOP as a “gatekeeper” of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-960-5254
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
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50
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Spriano F, Gaudio E, Cascione L, Tarantelli C, Melle F, Motta G, Priebe V, Rinaldi A, Golino G, Mensah AA, Aresu L, Zucca E, Pileri S, Witcher M, Brown B, Wahlestedt C, Giles F, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Antitumor activity of the dual BET and CBP/EP300 inhibitor NEO2734. Blood Adv 2020; 4:4124-4135. [PMID: 32882003 PMCID: PMC7479962 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CBP), and the E1A-binding protein of p300 (EP300) are important players in histone acetylation. Preclinical evidence supports the notion that small molecules targeting these proteins individually or in combination can elicit antitumor activity. Here, we characterize the antitumor activity of the pan BET/CBP/EP300 inhibitor NEO2734 and provide insights into its mechanism of action through bromodomain-binding assays, in vitro and in vivo treatments of cancer cell lines, immunoblotting, and transcriptome analyses. In a panel of 60 models derived from different tumor types, NEO2734 exhibited antiproliferative activity in multiple cell lines, with the most potent activity observed in hematologic and prostate cancers. Focusing on lymphoma cell lines, NEO2374 exhibited a pattern of response and transcriptional changes similar to lymphoma cells exposed to either BET or CBP/EP300 inhibitors alone. However, NEO2734 was more potent than single-agent BET or CBP/EP300 inhibitors alone. In conclusion, NEO2734 is a novel antitumor compound that shows preferential activity in lymphomas, leukemias, and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Melle
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valdemar Priebe
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gaetanina Golino
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Afua Adjeiwaa Mensah
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Pileri
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Witcher
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bill Brown
- Oncology, NEOMED Therapeutics 1 Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Francis Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Consortium, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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